Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
s
(
IJ
PEDS
)
Vo
l.
12
,
No.
1
,
M
a
r 202
1
, p
p.
39
3
~
40
3
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v12.i
1
.
pp
39
3
-
40
3
393
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Slidin
g mode
co
ntrol d
esign of wi
nd powe
r gener
ation s
ystem
based o
n
perm
an
ent mag
net sync
hronous
generat
or
Nada Z
ine L
aabidi
ne
,
A
fr
ae
Errarh
out, C
ha
kib
El
Bakkali
, Karim
M
ohammed
, B
adre
Boss
oufi
LIMAS
La
bora
t
ory,
Facu
lt
y
of
S
ci
en
ce
s Dhar
E
l M
ahr
az
,
Sidi
Mohame
d
Ben
Abdellah
Univer
si
ty, Fez
,
Morocc
o
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Feb
25
, 20
20
Re
vised
Oct
28
,
20
20
Accepte
d
Dec
1
2
, 20
20
Thi
s
pap
er
aims
to
im
p
le
m
ent
a
new
cont
r
ibut
io
n
for
sl
idi
ng
mo
de
cont
rol
(SM
C)
of
per
ma
nen
t
m
agnet
synchronous
g
ene
ra
tor
(PM
SG
)
for
wind
sys
te
ms
conv
ersion
with
track
t
he
ma
xi
mum
po
wer
poin
t
tracki
ng
(
MPPT
)
power.
Th
e
SM
C
is
a
v
ery
popu
la
r
appr
oac
h
due
to
i
ts
robustnes
s
in
de
al
ing
with
th
e
non
-
li
n
ea
r
elec
tri
c
al
po
wer
sys
te
ms.
In
thi
s
work,
th
e
ap
pli
c
at
ion
of
the
SM
C
cont
r
ol
is
by
using
the
non
li
ne
are
mode
l
of
th
e
PM
S
G.
The
obje
c
ti
ve
of
thi
s
work
is
to
control
stat
or
active
and
stat
o
r
re
ac
t
ive
power
,
and
th
e
vo
lt
ag
e
-
fre
quenc
y
for
a
bet
t
er
injection
i
nto
the
n
et
work.
The
resul
ts
obta
in
ed
show
b
et
t
er
robustness.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
M
A
TLAB/Si
m
ulink
M
PP
T
PM
S
G
S
li
din
g m
od
e
c
on
t
ro
l
Win
d powe
r g
ener
at
or
sy
ste
m
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ba
dr
e B
os
s
ouf
i,
LI
M
AS La
bor
at
ory,
Faculty
of Sciences
Dh
ar El
M
a
hr
az,
Sidi
M
ohame
d B
en A
bd
el
la
h
Un
i
ver
sit
y, Fe
z,
M
orocc
o
Emai
l:
badre
_isai@h
otmail
.c
om
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Lat
el
y,
the
us
e
of
ren
e
wa
ble
energies
(
i.e
.
,
wind
an
d
s
olar
photov
oltai
c
)
to
increase
i
n
an
inc
red
i
ble
way
t
ha
nk
s
t
o
the
scarcit
y
of
com
busti
bles.
Win
d
e
nerg
y
is
su
pp
os
e
d
to
be
the
best
i
n
te
rms
of
qual
it
y
an
d
pr
ic
e.
Ther
e
are
se
ve
ral
resea
rc
h
st
udie
s
a
bout
t
he
wind
t
urbine.
I
n
par
ti
cula
r,
t
he
ones
with
as
yn
c
hro
nous
gen
e
rato
rs.
A
lt
hough,
t
hey
ha
ve
a
lo
w
c
ost
an
d
simple
mainte
na
nce
a
s
a
dv
a
ntage
but,
t
hey
requir
e
m
or
e
exp
e
ns
i
ve
e
quipme
nt
a
nd
c
omplex
c
on
t
ro
l.
T
her
e
fore,
in
the
recent
yea
r
s,
t
he
Win
d
tu
rb
i
ne
Sy
ste
m
moved
towa
rd
s
the
pe
rma
nen
t
mag
ne
t
synch
r
onous
ge
ner
at
or
(
P
MSM
)
mac
hi
n
e
wh
ic
h
has
high
er
qu
al
it
y
an
d
la
rg
er
powe
r
de
ns
it
y.
Furthe
rm
or
e,
the
pe
rma
ne
nt
mag
net
sync
hrono
us
gen
e
rat
or
(
P
M
S
G
)
re
du
ce
s
the
mec
han
ic
al
stress
by
rem
ovin
g
t
he
neces
sit
y
of
the
m
ul
ti
plica
tor
wh
ic
h
im
pro
ves
the
s
ys
te
m’s
reli
abili
ty
a
nd
decre
ases
the maint
e
na
nc
e costs
by
dire
ct
ly coup
li
ng the tur
bin
e a
nd
the s
haf
ts
of th
e g
e
ner
at
or
[
1
]
-
[
16].
Du
e
to
t
he
high
va
riabil
it
y
of
t
he
sp
ee
d,
it
’s
dif
ficult
t
o
get
sat
isfact
ory
sy
ste
m
s
of
wind
t
urbin
e
sy
ste
m.
Re
ce
ntly,
t
his
la
tt
er
is
gra
b
t
o
e
xtrac
t
the
maxi
mum
powe
r
point
(
M
P
P
)
f
rom
t
he
wind
s
peed,
w
hich
represe
nt
the
maxim
um
pow
er
point
t
rack
i
ng
(
MPPT
)
strat
egy.
Diff
e
re
nt
methods
ha
ve
been
his
goal
is
to
fi
x
op
e
rati
ng
poin
t
of
ma
xim
um
eff
ic
ie
nc
y.
T
he
m
os
t
wides
pread
c
ontr
ol
str
at
egy
is
the
opti
mu
m
powe
r/tor
que
tracki
ng,
w
he
r
e
the
us
e
o
f
the
PI
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
. Th
is
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
al
one doesn
’t r
eal
iz
e
a b
et
te
r
pe
rforma
nce.
H
ence
,
there a
re als
o o
ther
c
ontrol
str
at
egies su
c
h
a
s
the
backst
ep
pin
g an
d direct
powe
r
c
ontrol
(
D
P
C
)
[
2].
This
w
ork
is
r
epatriat
ed
as:
s
ect
ion
2
pr
e
se
nts
the
de
scrip
ti
on
of
the
wind
syst
em
(
tu
r
bi
ne,
P
M
S
G,
inv
e
rte
r,
DC
-
b
us
,
a
nd
filt
er
).
Sect
ion
3
disc
us
ses
t
he
pr
i
nc
iple
of
op
e
rati
on
of
th
e
sli
di
ng
m
o
de
co
m
man
d
as
well
as
it
s
a
pp
li
cat
ion
on
our
s
ys
te
m.
Sect
i
on
4
sho
ws
an
d
i
nter
pr
et
s
the
res
ults
of
t
he
simulat
ion.
Fin
al
ly,
a
con
cl
us
io
n.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
1
,
Ma
rch
20
21
:
39
3
–
40
3
394
2.
MO
DELL
IN
G OF
WI
ND
TURBI
NS
The
syst
em
t
o
co
ntr
ol
i
n
t
his
w
ork
is
a
PMSG
-
base
d
wi
nd
sy
ste
m
.
Fig
ure
1
prese
nts
t
he
dif
fer
e
nt
com
pone
nts
of the s
ys
te
m
[
3
]
-
[
17
]
.
Figure
1. S
M
C
Co
ntro
l
f
or
t
he
W
ECS
2.1.
The mo
del o
f wind
tu
rbine
The mo
del
of
wind tu
r
bin
e is
[
4
]
:
=
3
2
(1)
=
2
3
(
,
)
2
(2)
=
(3)
=
(
4)
{
=
.
=
1
2
[
3
2
(
,
)
]
(5)
{
_
=
2
=
1
2
[
5
−
(
)
]
(6)
opti
mal speci
f
ic
sp
ee
d.
With:
,
the
outp
ut
pow
er
.
_
,
the opti
mal t
ur
bin
e t
orq
ue.
,
the tu
rb
i
ne
to
r
qu
e
.
,
the po
wer coe
f
fici
ent.
,
the b
la
de
s
we
pt
area.
,
the
rad
i
us
of the
blade.
,
ai
r
de
ns
it
y.
2.2.
The mo
del o
f PSM
G
T
he
PMSM
e
quat
ions are
pre
sented
as
fo
ll
owin
g
[5
]
:
•
Stat
or
volt
ag
es
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Slidin
g mode c
on
tr
ol
desig
n o
f w
ind
powe
r
ge
ner
ation syst
e
m ba
se
d o
n
per
mane
nt
…
(N
ada Zi
ne
L
aabidi
ne)
395
{
=
.
+
−
.
=
.
+
+
.
(
7)
•
Stat
or
flu
x:
{
=
.
+
=
.
(8)
Fr
om
(7)
a
nd (8) t
he
sta
to
r v
ol
ta
ges
can
b
e
writ
te
n
as
[6
]
-
[
18]:
{
=
.
+
−
.
.
=
.
+
+
.
.
+
.
(9)
The
el
ect
r
om
a
gn
et
ic
to
r
qu
e
is d
e
fine
d:
{
−
=
.
Ω
+
.
Ω
=
3
2
.
[
(
−
)
.
+
.
]
(
10)
T
he
powe
r for
PM
S
M i
s
:
{
=
3
2
[
+
]
=
3
2
[
−
]
(
11)
2.3.
Model
of c
onv
erters
To
co
nnect
the
ge
ne
rator
wh
i
ch
unde
r
go
es
a
va
riable
s
pee
d
with
the
ne
twork
,
it
is
nec
essar
y
t
o
go
thr
ough
a
sta
ge
of
powe
r
el
ect
ronics
in
orde
r
to
c
on
t
rol
the
power
i
nject
ed.
we
use
2
RSC
an
d
GSC
conve
rsi
on sta
ges, co
nverters
which c
onsist
s
of IGBTs
as s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
2
[
7
]
-
[
19
]
.
Figure
2. Co
nverter
Mod
el
=
{
+
1
,
̅
=
−
−
1
,
̅
=
+
,
=
,
,
(12)
The
i
nput
vo
lt
a
ges betwee
n p
hases o
f
the
conv
e
rter ca
n be
descr
i
bed by:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
1
,
Ma
rch
20
21
:
39
3
–
40
3
396
{
=
−
=
−
=
−
(
13)
At the l
oad lev
el
, th
e sim
ple
volt
ages a
re e
xp
resse
d by
:
{
=
−
=
−
=
−
(
14)
We ca
n deduce
the mat
rix f
orm of t
he
sim
pl
e tensio
ns
:
[
]
=
1
3
[
2
−
1
−
1
−
1
2
−
1
−
1
−
1
2
]
[
]
(15)
With
[
]
=
2
[
]
(16)
[
]
=
6
[
2
−
1
−
1
−
1
2
−
1
−
1
−
1
2
]
[
]
(
17)
2.4.
Model
of
D
C bus
The
DC
bu
s
a
ll
ow
s
th
e
tra
nsfer
of
po
wer
betwee
n
tw
o
di
ff
ere
nt
f
re
qu
e
ncy
sou
rces;
it
is
us
e
d
t
o
connect t
he
tw
o
c
onve
rters
of the
wind s
ys
te
m to
eac
h
ot
he
r
as
s
how
n
i
n
F
ig
ure
3
[
8
]
-
[
20
].
Figure
3. DC
-
Bus
M
odel
The
e
quat
ions
for
the
D
C
bus
are:
{
=
∫
.
=
1
2
.
.
2
2
=
2
(
−
)
(18)
2.5.
Model
of
RL
f
il
ter:
The
c
urre
nts
pa
ssed
betwee
n
the
co
nverter
a
nd
the
gr
i
d
is
i
mpose
d
by
t
he
coils
co
ns
ti
tut
ing
t
he
lo
w
pass fil
te
r
[
9
]
-
[
25
].
The
th
ree
-
ph
a
se
vo
lt
ages
acro
s
s the
f
il
te
r
are:
[
1
2
3
]
=
.
[
1
2
3
]
+
[
1
2
3
]
+
[
1
2
3
]
(
19)
The fil
te
r
m
odel
is g
ive
n b
y:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Slidin
g mode c
on
tr
ol
desig
n o
f w
ind
powe
r
ge
ner
ation syst
e
m ba
se
d o
n
per
mane
nt
…
(N
ada Zi
ne
L
aabidi
ne)
397
{
=
−
.
−
.
+
.
.
=
−
.
−
.
−
.
.
+
(
20)
{
=
.
+
.
=
.
−
.
(21)
3.
SLIDI
NG M
ODE
CONTR
OL STR
ATE
GY
The
a
dvanta
ge
s
of
S
M
C
c
on
t
ro
l
a
re
sig
nific
ant
an
d
mu
lt
ipl
e,
a
bette
r
prec
isi
on
,
a
ve
r
y
fa
st
respo
ns
e
ti
me
low
an
d
in
pa
rtic
ular
r
obus
t
ness
[1
0
]
-
[
22
].
T
he
S
M
C
con
t
ro
l
is
a
r
obus
t
met
hod
th
at
has
the
stre
ngth
to
keep
the
un
ce
r
ta
in
syst
ems
pe
rformance
,
i
n
va
rio
us
the
or
i
cal
an
d
i
ndus
tr
ia
l
app
li
cat
io
ns,
sta
ble.
T
he
SM
C
con
t
ro
ll
er
is
de
sign
e
d
to
syst
e
mati
cal
ly
ta
ke
into
c
onsider
at
ion
the
sta
bili
ty
an
d
the
performa
nce
probl
em
s
.
This met
hod
is
d
ivi
ded int
o
th
ree step
s:
•
S
e
l
e
c
ti
ng
t
he
s
l
i
di
ng
s
u
r
f
a
c
e
.
•
D
e
f
i
ni
ng
t
he
c
on
ve
r
ge
nc
e
c
o
nd
i
t
i
on
s
ba
s
e
d
on
L
ya
p
un
ov
f
un
c
t
i
on
s
.
•
D
e
t
e
r
m
i
ni
ng
t
h
e
s
t
r
a
t
e
gy
of
t
h
e
c
on
t
r
ol
.
3.
1.
S
l
i
d
i
n
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
The basic
func
ti
on
for
c
hoos
i
ng the
sli
ding s
urface is
[
11
]
-
[
24
]:
(
,
)
=
(
+
)
−
1
.
(
)
(22)
With,
(
)
: t
he
e
rror i
n
t
he ou
t
pu
t
sta
te
(
)
=
(
)
−
(
)
.
: a p
os
it
ive c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nt.
: t
he
ℎ
order s
yst
em. Whe
re
for
=
1
,
(
,
)
=
(
)
.
3.
2.
T
h
e
c
on
ve
r
ge
n
c
e
c
on
d
i
t
i
on
s
:
The
e
quat
ion o
f
L
yapu
nov de
fines
t
he
c
onve
rg
e
nce c
onditi
on
s
.
(
)
.
̇
(
)
<
0
(
23)
The val
idati
on
of
this e
qu
at
i
on, e
xpla
ins t
hat the
2
siz
es c
on
verge t
ow
a
rds
the same
surf
a
ce
.
3.
3.
T
h
e
c
on
t
r
ol
l
e
r
d
e
s
i
gn
:
The
c
ontrolle
r
structu
re e
ntail
s two pa
rts
[
23
]:
(
)
=
(
)
+
(
)
(24)
(
)
eq
uiv
al
ent
p
a
r
t of the c
ontr
oller, calcula
te
from
sy
ste
m
b
e
ha
vior
̇
(
)
=
0
.
(
)
is use
d
t
o vali
date the
co
nver
gen
ce
con
diti
on
(
)
.
̇
(
)
<
0
,
it
is d
e
fine
d b
y
the
sig
n of
the s
urface.
(
)
=
(
(
)
)
(25)
wh
e
re
:
(
(
)
)
=
{
1
(
)
>
0
0
(
)
=
0
−
1
(
)
<
0
(26)
4.
THE
SLIDIN
G MODE
AP
PLIE
D
O
N P
SGM
The
S
M
C
c
rea
te
d
base
d
on
the
mat
hemati
cal
model
of
th
e
PSGM
.
F
or
the
orde
r
s
ys
te
m
n=
1,
t
he
manif
old eq
uat
ion
s
can
b
e
pre
sented
as
[1
2
]:
{
(
Ω
)
=
(
Ω
)
=
Ω
−
Ω
(
)
=
(
)
=
−
(
)
=
(
)
=
−
(27)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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S
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694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
1
,
Ma
rch
20
21
:
39
3
–
40
3
398
4.1.
The dir
ect
st
ator
curren
t
c
ontr
oller
The
c
ontrolle
r
desig
n of t
he d
irect
cu
r
re
nt is
def
i
ned as
[1
3
]:
̇
(
)
=
̇
−
̇
(
28)
̇
(
)
=
̇
+
.
−
.
Ω
.
.
−
1
(
29)
The
c
ontrol
vo
lt
age
is o
btaine
d by
:
=
+
(
30)
=
[
̇
+
.
−
.
Ω
.
.
]
(
31)
=
(
(
)
)
with
>
0
.
(32)
4.2.
The Qu
ad
r
atu
re st
ator c
urr
ent
c
ontrolle
r
The
c
ontrolle
r
desig
n of t
he q
uadratu
re c
urre
nt is
def
ine
d as
foll
ow
i
ng
[1
4
]:
̇
(
)
=
̇
−
̇
(
33)
̇
(
)
=
̇
+
+
Ω
+
.
Ω
−
1
(
34)
T
he
c
ontrol
vo
lt
age
is o
btaine
d by
:
=
+
(35)
=
[
̇
+
.
+
.
Ω
.
.
+
.
Ω
.
]
(36)
=
(
(
)
)
with
>
0
.
(37)
4.3.
Speed re
gu
l
ator
The follo
wing
equ
at
io
ns p
res
ent the
sli
ding
su
r
face a
nd it
s
der
i
vative
[1
5
]
-
[
26
]
:
(
Ω
)
=
Ω
−
Ω
(38)
̇
(
Ω
)
=
Ω
̇
−
Ω
−
3
ɸ
2
+
(39)
The
c
ontrol
vo
lt
age
is o
btaine
d by
:
=
+
(
40)
=
2
3
ɸ
[
Ω
̇
+
Ω
+
]
(41)
=
Ω
(
(
Ω
)
)
with
Ω
>
0
.
(
42)
5.
SIMULATI
O
N
&
RES
ULT
S
The
S
M
C
des
ign
of
the
P
M
S
G
base
d
WECS
(F
ig
ur
e
4)
was
sim
ulate
d
unde
r
the
M
A
TLAB
-
Simuli
nk e
nv
i
r
onment.
T
he
sa
mp
li
ng
fr
e
quen
cy
c
hosen
is 10
kHz.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
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ow
Ele
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ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
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694
Slidin
g mode c
on
tr
ol
desig
n o
f w
ind
powe
r
ge
ner
ation syst
e
m ba
se
d o
n
per
mane
nt
…
(N
ada Zi
ne
L
aabidi
ne)
399
Figure
4. Sli
di
ng Mo
de
C
on
t
r
ol for t
he WEC
S in Matl
ab
&S
imuli
nk
In
order
t
o
ap
proac
h
reali
ty
and
te
st
the
pe
rformance
of
t
he
syst
ems
(tr
ackin
g
an
d
r
ob
us
tness
),
we
chose
a
ra
ndom
wi
nd
prof
il
e
us
i
ng
the
MP
PT
te
ch
nique.
Fig
ure
5
a
nd
F
ig
ure
6
pr
ese
nt
s
the
reali
zat
ion
of
the
SM
C
blo
c
k o
n Matl
ab
sim
ulin
k,
f
or
t
he reg
ul
at
ion
of the
po
wer Ps a
nd
Qs.
Figure
5. S
M
C
contr
ol of the
Gen
e
rato
r
Si
de
Co
nv
e
rter
(
Mod
el
M
at
la
b)
Figure
6. S
M
C
contr
ol of the
Gr
i
d
Si
de
Co
nverter
(M
od
el
M
at
la
b)
5.1.
T
rackin
g
te
st
The
obje
ct
ive
of
this
te
st
is
to
ve
rify
the
c
on
ti
nue
d
pe
rfo
rma
nce
of
the
wind
powe
r
s
ys
te
m
f
or
a
const
ant
wind
sp
ee
d,
by a
pp
l
ying the
sli
ding m
ode c
on
t
ro
l
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
1
,
Ma
rch
20
21
:
39
3
–
40
3
400
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Figure
7.
F
ollo
w
-
up test
s
, (a)
Win
d
s
pee
d
re
f
eren
ce
, (b
) Me
chan
ic
al
S
pee
d, (c
) d
-
q
sta
to
r c
urren
t,
(d)
a
bc
sta
to
r
c
urren
t
Figure
7
(
a
)
s
hows
the
wi
nd
spe
ed
(
ste
ps)
wit
h
w
hic
h
the
wi
nd
sy
ste
m
is
at
ta
cked
.
Fig
ure
7
(
b
)
sho
ws
the
ev
olu
ti
on
of
t
he
mec
ha
ni
cal
sp
eed
at
t
he
ou
tl
et
of
th
e
tur
bin
e
,
it
f
ol
lows
the
re
fere
nce
well
.
Th
e
sta
tor
currents
in
the
two
fiel
ds
(dq
and
a
bc)
pr
ese
nted
in
Fi
gure
7
(
c
)
a
nd
Fig
ue
r
7
(
d
)
a
re
of
ve
ry
good
qual
it
y,
with
a sin
us
oi
dal s
ha
pe
a
nd a T
H
D
of less t
han 5%
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Figure
8
.
Re
su
l
ts of the
S
M
C
con
t
ro
l
of the
GP
S
M
f
or
fixe
d win
d
s
pee
d
, (
a) Z
oom
for
a
bc
stat
or
c
urre
nt
,
(b)
Re
act
ive
P
ow
e
r, (c
) Act
iv
e Powe
r,
(d)
Z
oom
for Act
ive
Power
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Slidin
g mode c
on
tr
ol
desig
n o
f w
ind
powe
r
ge
ner
ation syst
e
m ba
se
d o
n
per
mane
nt
…
(N
ada Zi
ne
L
aabidi
ne)
401
The
f
re
qu
e
nc
y
of
t
he
cu
rr
e
nt
gen
e
rated
by
the
wind
powe
r
sy
ste
m
at
a
f
reque
ncy
of
50Hz
,
w
hich
al
l
ow
s
go
od
in
je
ct
ion
int
o
th
e
el
ect
rical
net
work
(F
ig
ure
8
(
a)
)
.
T
he
monit
or
i
ng
of
the
act
ive
powe
r
Ps
a
nd
reacti
ve
powe
r
Qs
ref
e
ren
ce
s
of
t
he
wind
powe
r
s
ys
te
m
is
ve
ry
well
done
(F
ig
ur
e
8
(
b
)
a
nd
8
(
c
)
)
wh
ic
h
validat
es
our
a
ppr
oach in t
his test
.
5.2.
Perfo
r
ma
nce f
or a
va
ri
ab
le
wind
s
peed
r
e
ference
Figure
9
s
how
s
the
re
fer
e
nc
e
wind
s
peed,
in
this
sect
io
n
a
var
ia
ble
s
peed
is
us
e
d
t
o
ch
eck
t
he
rob
us
tness
of t
he
s
ys
te
m.
(a)
(b)
Figure
9
.
(a
) w
ind
sp
ee
d refe
r
ence, (
b)
M
ec
ha
nical
Sp
e
ed
F
igure
.
10
sho
ws
the
perf
ormance
of
t
he
wind
po
wer
s
yst
em
durin
g
t
he
app
li
cat
io
n
of
a
co
ntr
ol
by
sli
din
g
m
od
e
.
The
act
ive
a
nd
reacti
ve
powe
rs
fo
ll
ow
t
he
r
efr
e
nce
well
.
T
he
sta
to
r
c
urre
nts
are
in
go
od
sh
a
pe
and s
hown in
F
ig
ure
10
(
a)
an
d
Fig
ur
e
10
(
b)
.
(a)
(
b)
(
c
)
(
d
)
Figure
10.
Re
s
ults o
f
the
cont
ro
l
by sli
ding
mode
of the
G
PSM f
or v
a
ria
ble w
i
nd s
peed
,
(
a
) d
-
q
sta
to
r c
urren
t,
(
b) a
bc
sta
to
r
c
urren
t,
(
c
) Act
ive P
ower
,
(
d)
Re
act
ive Powe
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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:
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694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
1
,
Ma
rch
20
21
:
39
3
–
40
3
402
6.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
this
w
ork,
w
e
are
i
ntereste
d
in
t
he
c
on
t
ro
l
of
a
wind
pow
er
s
ys
te
m
base
d
on
GMSM.
The
us
e
of
a
con
t
ro
l
strat
e
gy
in
Sli
di
ng
M
ode
wh
ic
h
i
s
base
d
on
th
e
lyap
unov
te
chn
i
qu
e
is
very
interest
in
g
a
nd
t
he
performa
nces
o
btaine
d
are
m
ark
e
dly
im
pro
ved. Th
e
pr
opose
d
model has
b
een
te
ste
d by simulat
ion
f
or a
fi
xed
and
var
ia
ble
w
ind
sp
ee
d;
tr
ac
king
a
nd
rob
ust
ness
te
sts
ha
ve
bee
n
ve
rified
.
T
he
wind
sy
s
te
m
pe
rforma
nc
e
is
very
mu
c
h
im
pro
ve
d
c
ompare
d
to
o
t
her te
ch
niques.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Fall
ah
za
deh
-
Ab
arg
houei,
H.
,
Hasanva
nd,
S.,
N
ikooba
kht
,
A.,
Doos
ti
za
deh
,
M
.
,
“
Dec
ent
ra
li
z
e
d
and
hi
era
r
chica
l
volt
ag
e
ma
nag
e
me
nt
of
ren
ewa
ble
ene
rgy
resou
rce
s
in
d
istri
but
i
on
smart
grid
,”
I
nte
rnational
Jou
rnal
of
Elec
tric
a
l
Powe
r &
En
ergy
Syste
ms
.
Vol.
1
00,
pp
.
117
–
128
,
2018.
[2]
D.U.
C
am
pos
-
Delga
do
,
D
.
R.
Es
pinoz
a
-
Tre
jo
,
E
.
Pal
ac
ios
,
“
Faul
t
-
tol
e
ran
t
con
tro
l
in
v
ari
ab
le
sp
ee
d
drive
s
:
a
survey
,”
IET
E
lectric P
ower
App
li
cations
.
Vol
.
2
,
No.
2
,
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–
134
,
Marc
h
200
8.
[3]
Y.
El
Mourab
it
,
A.
Deroui
ch
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A
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El
gh
ziza
l
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J.
Bouchna
if
,
N.
E
l
ouanjli,
O
.
Z
a
mz
oum
,
K.
Mez
ioui
,
B
.
Boss
oufi
,
“Im
pl
em
en
ta
t
ion
and
v
al
id
at
ion
of
ba
ckste
pping
cont
rol
for
PM
SG
wind
turbi
n
e
using
dSP
ACE
cont
roller
boar
d
”
Ene
rgy
Re
port
J
ournal
,
pp
807
-
8
21,
Vol
.
5
.
Sept
e
mbe
r
2019
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[4]
D.
Seyoum
,
C.
Grant
ham,
“
T
er
mi
nal
V
ol
ta
ge
C
ontrol
of
a
Wi
nd
Turb
ine
Drive
n
Isolat
ed
Indu
ct
io
n
Gene
r
at
or
usin
g
Stat
or
Ori
ent
ed
Fiel
d
Cont
rol
,”
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
ns on
Industry A
ppli
cations
,
pp
.
846
-
852,
Sept
e
mbe
r
2003
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[5]
B.
Boss
oufi
,
M.
Kari
m
,
A
.
La
gr
i
oui
,
M.
T
aoussi
,
A.
Deroui
ch
“Observe
r
Bac
kst
e
pping
cont
ro
l
of
DF
IG
-
Gene
rat
ors
for
Wi
nd
Turb
in
es
Vari
ab
le
-
Spe
ed:
FP
GA
-
Based
Impleme
n
ta
t
io
n
,
”
Re
n
ewabl
e
Ene
rgy
Journal
,
pp
903
-
917
,
V
ol.
81.
Sept
em
b
er
2
015.
[6]
Lund,
J.W
.
,
Boy
d,
T.L.,
“
Dire
ct
uti
lization
of
ge
othe
rm
al
en
erg
y
2015
worldwid
e
r
evi
ew
,”
Geot
herm
ics
,
Vol
.
6
0,
pp.
66
–
93
,
2016
.
[7]
M.
E
l
Mahfoud
,
B.
Boss
oufi
,
N.
E
l
Ou
anj
l
i
,
M.
Ta
ouss
i
,
A.
Der
ouic
h
,
“
Compa
r
at
iv
e
Study
B
etw
ee
n
B
ac
kst
epp
ing
Adapti
ve
and
Fiel
d
Orien
te
d
Control
s
for
D
oubly
Fed
Ind
uct
ion
Motor
,
”
European
Jou
rnal
of
Elec
tri
cal
Engi
ne
ering
,
Vol
22,
No 3
,
pp
20
9
-
221,
June
202
0.
[8]
Dragom
ir,
G.
,
Şerba
n,
A
.
,
Năsta
se,
G
.
,
Br
ez
e
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