In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
2, June
2
01
9, pp.
868~
8
7
3
IS
S
N
: 2088-
86
94,
D
O
I
:
10.11
59
1
/ij
ped
s
.
v10
.
i
2.pp
8
68-
87
3
868
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
A
five-level multilevel topo
logy utilizing mu
lticarrier
modulatio
n
technique
Ra
biya
Ra
s
heed
1
,
Saj
u
K. K
.
2
, Bindu V.
3
1,
2
Dep
a
rt
m
e
nt
o
f
M
echan
ical
Engi
neerin
g,
C
o
c
h
i
n U
n
i
v
ersity
of S
c
ie
nc
e
a
n
d Te
c
h
no
lo
gy
,
Ind
i
a
3
Dep
a
rt
m
e
nt of E
l
ect
rical an
d
Elect
ron
i
cs En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
, Mo
d
el
Eng
i
n
eerin
g Coll
eg
e,
I
n
d
i
a
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
Re
ce
i
v
e
d
N
ov
1,
201
8
Re
vise
d Mar
1,
201
9
Ac
ce
p
t
ed
M
ar 8
, 2
0
19
Th
is
p
ap
er
p
res
e
nt
s
a new to
po
l
o
g
y
fo
r
cas
ca
d
e
d H-bri
d
g
e
m
u
l
til
e
v
el
i
n
v
er
t
e
r
ut
ilizi
ng
m
u
lti
carrier
m
od
ulation
tech
ni
qu
e
.
T
h
e
n
ew
f
i
v
e-l
e
ve
l
t
op
o
l
o
gy
ut
ilizes
a
c
ap
a
c
i
t
i
v
e
d
i
vi
der
n
e
two
r
k
co
nsi
s
tin
g
o
f
t
wo
c
a
p
acit
ors
for
p
r
od
uc
in
g
o
u
tpu
t
v
ol
ta
g
e
l
e
v
e
l
s.
T
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
op
e
d
c
irc
u
it
h
a
s
re
du
ced
n
u
m
ber
o
f
s
w
i
tc
h
e
s
a
n
d
dc
s
o
u
rc
e
s
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
to
c
on
v
e
ntio
na
l
five
l
e
v
e
l
in
ve
r
t
e
r
s.
F
i
v
e
m
ain
power
s
wi
tches
,
a
s
ingl
e
add
i
t
i
on
al
d
io
de
a
p
a
rt
f
rom
a
n
ti
pa
r
a
ll
e
l
di
od
es,
two
cap
ac
i
t
o
r
s
and
a
d
c
s
up
pl
y
con
s
tit
u
t
e
a
s
ing
l
e
fi
ve
l
e
v
e
l
u
n
i
t
.
Si
mula
ti
ons
a
s
wel
l
a
s
e
x
perimental
r
esults
a
re
v
erifi
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
new
t
o
p
o
lo
gy
ut
i
lising
mult
icarri
er
m
odulat
io
n
techn
i
q
u
e
with
r
ed
uced
h
armo
n
ic
di
st
ortion
s
i
n
th
e
ou
tput.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
Fiv
e
-
l
e
v
el inv
er
t
e
r
Mu
lt
ica
rrier
m
odu
la
ti
on
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Ra
biya
Ras
hee
d
,
ME De
p
artm
ent,
Coc
h
in
U
ni
versi
t
y o
f
S
cie
n
ce
and Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
U
n
i
v
ersi
ty
R
oa
d,
S
outh K
a
l
a
ma
ssery,
K
a
la
ma
sse
r
y, K
och
i
,
K
e
r
a
la
68
20
22,
Ind
ia.
Em
ail:
rabi
yar
a
shee
d.
rit@
gma
i
l.
com
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
Mu
lt
ile
ve
l
i
n
v
e
rte
r
s
are
gain
in
g
at
te
nt
i
on
in
pow
er
s
yste
m
engi
nee
r
i
n
g
espec
i
a
l
l
y
i
n
the
fie
l
d
of
rene
w
a
ble
e
n
e
r
gy
sys
t
em
s.
B
y
oper
a
tin
g
at
d
iffer
e
n
t
v
o
l
tage
l
ev
e
l
s,
t
hese
c
o
n
ve
rters
ef
fec
t
i
v
e
l
y
decr
ease
s
t
h
e
vo
lta
ge
s
tre
s
s
to
t
he
o
pera
ti
n
g
s
w
i
tc
he
s.
T
h
e
y
c
a
n
b
e
c
las
s
i
f
i
e
d
i
n
to
t
hree
m
ain
ca
teg
o
r
i
e
s
:
d
i
o
d
e
c
l
a
m
pe
d,
fl
y
i
ng
ca
pac
i
t
o
r
type
a
n
d
c
asca
de
d
H
-
Brid
ge
t
ype
[
1]
.
D
i
ffe
rent
m
od
u
l
at
i
on
s
t
rat
e
gie
s
c
om
pris
ing
o
f
sinus
o
i
da
l
p
u
l
s
e
w
i
d
t
h
m
odu
l
a
ti
o
n
,
selec
tive
har
m
on
ic
e
l
i
m
inat
i
o
n
a
n
d
s
p
a
ce
v
e
c
t
o
r
mo
dul
a
tio
n
hav
e
b
e
e
n
deve
l
ope
d
ba
se
d
o
n
t
hese
c
on
v
e
nt
iona
l
m
u
lt
ile
ve
l
i
nver
t
ers.
T
he
d
iod
e
c
lam
p
e
d
t
op
ol
o
g
y
co
ns
ists
o
f
a
numbe
r
of
unc
on
tro
l
led
sw
it
c
h
es.
Eve
n
t
h
o
u
gh
t
h
e
t
o
pol
og
y
is
b
e
in
g
use
d
i
n
s
t
a
t
c
o
m
bas
e
d
ap
p
lica
t
i
ons
,
th
e
fl
y
i
ng
ca
paci
t
o
r
ty
pe
i
s
co
n
s
i
d
ere
d
m
uch
m
o
re
f
le
xi
ble.
B
u
t
t
he
se
c
o
nver
t
er
s
re
qu
i
r
e
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ca
paci
t
o
rs
t
o
clam
p
di
ffe
re
n
t
v
o
l
tage
l
e
v
e
l
s.
A
s
a
re
ct
ifi
c
a
t
io
n
to
t
he
se
p
ro
b
l
em
s,
c
asca
de
d
m
u
ltile
ve
l
in
verter
s w
e
r
e
deve
l
ope
d [2-
7
]
.
G
e
rardo Ceg
lia
et
a
l
pro
pos
es
a
f
i
v
e
le
ve
l
i
nver
t
er
t
op
o
l
o
gy u
t
il
iz
in
g
a
uxi
l
i
ar
y
swi
t
c
h
e
s
a
n
d
dc
l
in
k
ca
p
a
c
i
t
o
rs
[
8
]
.
Ev
e
n
t
ho
ugh
t
h
e
t
opo
lo
gy
s
ug
ge
sts
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
ri
bu
t
i
o
n
of
c
a
p
ac
it
or
v
ol
ta
ges
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
bei
ng
c
h
a
r
ge
d
i
n
a
s
e
l
f
bala
nc
i
ng
for
m
,
i
t
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
s
a
d
d
i
t
i
on
a
l
d
i
odes
for
its
w
ork
i
ng.
A
lso
t
h
e
incre
a
se
i
n
nu
mbe
r
of dio
d
es
a
re
a
lso esse
nt
ial
for inc
r
ea
si
ng
vol
t
a
g
e
l
ev
el
s.
Th
is
p
a
p
er
p
r
e
sen
t
s
a
ne
w
fi
ve-
l
e
v
el
m
u
l
t
i
le
vel
i
nverter
t
op
o
l
o
gy
u
t
i
l
i
z
in
g
a
si
ngl
e
a
d
d
i
ti
on
a
l
d
io
de
apa
r
t
fr
om
a
nt
ipara
l
le
l
dio
d
e
s
.
Red
u
c
t
i
on
in
t
he
num
ber
of
m
ai
n
pow
e
r
s
w
itc
he
s
[9-1
2]
h
as
b
een
t
h
e
m
a
i
n
adva
n
t
a
g
e
of
t
hi
s
t
o
p
o
l
o
gy
c
om
pare
d
t
o
c
o
nve
n
t
i
ona
l
mu
lt
ile
v
e
l
in
ve
rte
r
s.
P
ow
e
r
c
ircui
t
o
pe
rat
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
deve
l
ope
d
t
o
p
o
l
o
gy
a
nd
m
o
dula
t
i
o
n
sc
he
m
e
f
or
t
he
s
a
m
e
usi
n
g
mu
l
t
i
c
a
rr
i
e
r
m
o
d
u
l
atio
n
tec
h
n
i
qu
e
has
a
l
so
bee
n
c
on
d
u
c
t
e
d
.
The
T
o
t
a
l
H
a
r
m
onic
D
i
s
t
or
t
i
o
n
(
TH
D
)
o
f t
h
e
ne
w
conv
e
r
t
e
r
by
c
ond
u
c
ti
n
g
e
x
p
e
ri
ment
al
a
nd
si
m
u
lat
i
on
st
u
d
ie
s
is
c
a
rrie
d
o
u
t
u
s
i
n
g
S
partan
3
A
N
X
C3
S
140
0A
N
-
4F
G67
6
C
F
P
G
A
kit
an
d
P
S
IM
s
o
f
tw
a
r
e
re
sp
ec
ti
v
e
ly
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
A fi
v
e
-
l
e
v
e
l
m
u
l
t
i
l
eve
l
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
util
iz
i
n
g m
u
l
tica
r
rie
r
m
odul
at
i
on
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
..
.
(
R
abiy
a
R
a
sh
ee
d)
86
9
2.
NEW FIVE L
EVEL
INVER
TER
2.
1.
Circuit co
n
f
ig
ura
t
io
n
Th
e
n
e
w
fiv
e
l
ev
e
l
i
nv
e
r
t
e
r
to
pol
ogy
u
ti
l
i
z
i
n
g
a
z
e
n
e
r
d
i
o
d
e
i
s
s
ho
wn
i
n
F
i
gu
re
1
.
Wi
th
a
s
p
eci
fi
c
sw
itc
h
i
n
g
p
a
tte
r
n
,
the
deve
l
o
p
e
d
i
n
ver
t
er
c
an
p
r
o
duce
fi
ve
l
eve
ls
o
f
d
i
s
t
inc
t
v
o
lta
ge
l
e
v
e
l
s
(V
S
,
V
S
/2
,
0
,
-
V
S
/2
a
nd
-
V
S
)
.
A
c
on
ve
nt
iona
l
f
i
v
e
l
e
v
e
l
i
n
v
er
t
e
r
r
e
quir
e
s
ei
g
h
t
m
a
i
n
pow
e
r
s
wit
c
h
e
s
fo
r
p
r
od
u
c
in
g
fiv
e
l
ev
el
o
u
tp
ut
v
olt
a
g
e
.
Th
is
t
o
pol
og
y
r
e
q
u
i
re
s
o
n
ly
f
iv
e
mai
n
c
on
t
r
o
l
l
a
ble
sw
i
t
c
h
e
s
a
nd
a
s
i
ng
le
a
dd
iti
o
n
al
d
i
o
de
f
or
it
s
pr
oper
w
o
r
k
i
n
g.
T
h
i
s
sa
vi
ng
i
n
t
h
e
num
b
e
r
of
m
ai
n
p
o
w
e
r
sw
i
t
c
he
s
will
re
su
l
t
i
n
a
c
onsi
d
er
ab
le
r
e
duc
tio
n
in
t
he
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
l
osse
s
of
t
he
c
ir
cu
it
.
F
i
gur
e
1
N
e
w
five
l
e
v
e
l
i
nver
t
er
2.
2.
Po
we
r
st
age
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
on
T
h
e
swit
ch
in
g
st
a
t
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
ne
w
f
i
v
e
l
e
v
el
i
n
v
e
r
t
er
a
re
g
i
v
en
i
n
Ta
b
l
e
1.
“
1”
a
nd
“
0
”
in
dica
t
e
s
t
h
e
ON
an
d
O
FF states
o
f
th
e
s
witch
e
s r
e
sp
ectiv
e
ly
.
Ta
b
l
e
1.
S
w
i
tc
hi
n
g
p
at
t
e
r
n
f
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
fi
ve
l
evel
i
n
v
e
r
ter
Mode
s
Sw
it
ch
i
n
g
Pat
t
e
r
n
V
O
S
1
S
2
S
3
S
4
S
5
Mode
-
1
V
S
1
1
0
0
1
Mode
-
2
0
.
5
V
S
1
1
0
0
0
Mode
-
3
0
0
0
1
1
0
Mode
-
4
-
V
S
0
0
1
1
1
Mode
-
5
-
0.
5V
S
0
0
1
1
0
2.
3.
M
o
d
u
l
at
ion
s
tr
at
eg
y
New
f
i
v
e
l
ev
e
l
i
nv
e
r
t
e
r
ut
il
iz
e
s
m
u
l
t
i
carri
er
m
o
d
u
l
a
tio
n
t
ech
ni
q
u
e
[
13
]
in
vol
vi
n
g
carri
e
r
b
a
s
e
d
P
W
M.
C
ompa
r
a
tor
s
c
o
m
par
e
m
od
ul
a
t
i
n
g
si
gna
l
w
ith
c
a
r
r
i
er
s
ig
na
ls
t
o
pr
o
d
uc
e
con
t
r
o
l
s
i
g
n
a
l
s.
T
he
m
odu
la
tin
g
an
d
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
sig
n
a
l
s
ha
ve
b
e
e
n
s
how
n
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
2.
T
he
c
on
tr
ol
pulse
s
an
d
t
h
e
spec
i
f
ic
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
pa
tte
r
n
f
or
t
he
n
ew
i
n
v
e
r
ter
ar
e
as
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
3.
T
h
e
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
pu
lses
f
or
t
he
n
e
w
i
n
v
er
te
r
ar
e
f
i
na
ll
y
ob
ta
ine
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
he
lp
o
f
lo
g
i
ca
l
gat
e
s
u
s
i
n
g
B
o
o
l
ea
n
equa
t
i
ons
giv
en
in
(1).
S
1
=S
2
=
P
1
C
1
S
3
=S
4
=P
2
C
1
S
3
=C
2
(1
)
M
odul
a
t
i
o
n
in
d
e
x
f
o
r
a
mu
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
i
n
vert
e
r
c
a
n
b
e
d
e
fin
e
d
as
M
a
=
A
m
/A
c
(
k-
1)
(
2
)
Wher
e
k
is
t
he
num
ber
of
v
o
l
t
a
ge
l
eve
l
s
pe
r
ha
l
f
c
yc
le.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
8
6
8
–
8
73
87
0
A
c
i
s
t
h
e
p
e
ak
t
o
p
e
a
k
v
alu
e
o
f
ca
rri
er
w
a
v
e,
A
m
i
s
t
he
p
ea
k
v
a
lu
e
of
m
o
dul
a
tin
g
s
i
gna
l
.
H
e
n
c
e
b
y
ap
pl
y
i
ng
e
qua
t
i
o
n
(
2)
,
mod
u
l
a
t
ion
in
de
x
(
M
a)
f
or
p
r
opos
ed
i
n
v
er
ter
ca
n
b
e
def
i
ne
d
as.
M
a
=
A
m
/2A
c
(3
)
The
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
on
of
t
he
i
nver
t
er
h
a
s
b
ee
n
se
pa
r
a
ted
t
o
f
our
m
ode
s.
B
y
incr
e
a
sing
the
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
pu
lse
s
pe
r
ha
lf
c
yc
le,
ha
r
m
on
i
c
a
mp
l
i
t
u
des
of
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
ge
c
a
n
b
e
l
i
mite
d
to
h
i
g
her
or
de
r
ha
r
m
on
i
c
s
a
l
o
n
e
.
H
i
g
he
r
or
d
e
r
ha
r
m
on
i
c
s
can
t
he
n
b
e
e
asily
f
i
l
ter
e
d
o
u
t
[
1
4]
.
H
a
r
m
onic
dist
or
t
i
o
n
o
f
th
e
pr
opose
d
i
n
v
e
r
ter
i
s
si
gn
i
f
ica
n
t
f
o
r
modu
la
ti
o
n
i
n
d
e
x
l
e
ss
t
h
a
n
u
nit
y
.
To
t
a
l
har
m
oni
c
d
i
s
t
or
ti
on
(
TH
D
)
o
f
o
u
t
p
ut
v
o
l
ta
ge
r
educ
e
s
w
i
t
h
h
i
g
her
val
u
es
o
f
m
o
d
u
l
at
ion
i
nde
x
[
1
5-
17]
.
D
i
ff
er
e
n
t
mul
t
i
car
r
i
er
t
e
c
h
n
i
que
s
ha
ve
b
e
e
n
d
eve
l
op
e
d
i
n
m
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
el
i
nver
t
e
r
s
u
t
ilis
i
n
g
tr
ian
g
u
la
r
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
s
.
Multi
ca
r
r
i
er
m
odu
la
tio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
e
has
bee
n
c
o
n
duc
te
d
a
t
h
igh
swit
c
h
i
n
g
fre
que
nc
ie
s.
M
u
l
t
i
c
a
rr
ier
m
odu
la
tio
n
in
vo
lve
s
e
i
t
he
r
ph
a
s
e
sh
ifti
ng
of
m
u
l
ti
p
l
e
ca
rr
ier
s
igna
ls
o
r
di
sp
osit
i
o
n
o
f
c
ar
r
i
e
r
s
i
g
na
ls.
Thi
s
w
o
r
k
e
m
phasiz
e
s
on
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
d
i
spo
s
i
tio
n
m
e
th
od
f
o
r
c
o
mpa
r
i
s
on
w
i
t
h
m
odu
l
a
ti
ng
sig
n
a
l
.
F
i
gur
e
2.
M
o
dula
tin
g
a
n
d
ca
r
r
i
e
r
s
igna
ls
F
i
gur
e 3.
S
wit
c
hin
g
p
at
tern
f
o
r
n
ew five le
ve
l to
p
o
lo
gy
3.
EX
PERIMENT
AL
N
e
w
m
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
t
o
p
o
l
og
y
has
bee
n
e
x
p
e
r
ime
n
t
a
lly
v
e
r
i
f
ie
d
us
i
ng
t
h
e
b
l
ock
d
i
agr
a
m
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
4.
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
si
g
n
al
s
ar
e
gene
r
a
te
d
in
r
eal
time
t
h
r
o
ugh
S
p
ar
t
a
n
3E
F
P
GA
ki
t
inc
o
r
p
or
a
t
i
n
g
X
ili
nx
S
y
stem
G
e
ner
a
tor
a
nd
I
S
E
D
e
si
gn
S
u
ite.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
A fi
v
e
-
l
e
v
e
l
m
u
l
t
i
l
eve
l
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
util
iz
i
n
g m
u
l
tica
r
rie
r
m
odul
at
i
on
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
..
.
(
R
abiy
a
R
a
sh
ee
d)
87
1
3.
1.
Gen
e
ra
tio
n o
f
mo
d
u
la
tin
g
a
nd ca
rrier signa
ls in
X
S
G
D
i
g
ita
l
i
se
d
m
odu
la
ti
ng
a
nd
ca
r
r
i
er
s
igna
ls
a
r
e
g
e
n
e
r
ate
d
i
n
M
A
T
LA
B
thr
o
ug
h
X
i
l
i
n
x
S
y
ste
m
G
e
ner
a
tor
[
1
8-
20]
.
A
g
a
i
n
V
H
D
L
c
ode
i
s
de
vel
o
ped
us
i
ng
I
n
te
gr
a
t
e
d
S
o
ft
w
a
r
e
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
(I
S
E
)
s
i
mu
l
a
to
r
w
h
ic
h
is
t
hen
i
n
te
gr
a
t
e
d
i
nt
o
S
p
ar
tan
3A
N
X
C
3S
1
400A
N
-
4F
G
676
C
F
P
GA
k
i
t
.
3.
2.
Gen
e
ra
tio
n o
f
ca
rrier sig
na
ls
F
r
eque
nc
y
of
t
he
car
r
i
er
w
a
v
e
se
l
e
cte
d
i
s
2
K
hz.
Car
r
i
e
r
w
a
v
e
ge
ne
rat
i
o
n
can
b
e
exp
l
a
i
ned
wit
h
t
h
e
he
lp
o
f
bloc
k
dia
g
r
a
m
in
F
ig
ur
e
5.
U
p-
Co
unte
r
i
n
X
S
G
i
s
u
se
d
to
g
e
n
er
a
t
e
a
r
a
m
p
s
i
gna
l
var
y
i
ng
fr
om
0
t
o
81
9
2
.
B
it
sl
ice
r
e
xtr
a
c
t
or
s
l
i
c
e
s
o
f
f
a
p
a
r
t
ic
ular
s
e
q
ue
nc
e
of
b
i
ts
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
.
I
t
t
he
n
cr
e
a
te
s
a
ne
w
data
va
lue
,
2
12
=
409
6.
F
i
n
a
lly
r
ein
t
er
pr
et
b
l
o
ck
i
s
use
d
t
o
c
h
a
n
ge
s
i
g
na
l
t
y
p
e
f
r
o
m
sig
n
e
d
t
o
un
si
gne
d.
F
i
gur
e
4.
B
loc
k
d
ia
gr
a
m
r
e
p
resen
t
a
t
i
on
o
f
h
ar
dw
ar
e
for
new
five
l
ev
e
l
i
nv
ert
e
r
F
i
gur
e
5.
B
l
o
c
k
d
ia
gr
am
r
e
p
re
se
n
t
a
t
ion
f
o
r
gener
a
tio
n
of
c
ar
r
i
e
r
signal
s
3.
3.
G
e
n
e
r
at
ion
of
m
odu
l
at
in
g
sign
a
l
M
odul
a
t
i
n
g
sig
n
a
l
i
s
g
e
n
erate
d
a
t
a
f
r
e
q
u
e
ncy
o
f
5
0
Hz
a
s
sh
o
w
n
i
n
bl
oc
k
dia
g
r
a
m
in
F
ig
ur
e
6.
T
o
incr
em
en
t
the
c
o
u
n
t
va
l
u
e
fr
o
m
0
t
o
9
99,
n
u
m
be
r
of
b
its
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
X
i
l
i
n
x
up-
c
ounte
r
i
s
2
10
=1
024
.
Th
e
in
i
t
ia
l
va
l
u
e
of
R
O
M
b
loc
k
i
s
sin(
2*
p
i
*
f
)
.
U
si
ng
t
h
e
ga
i
n
b
loc
k
,
am
pli
t
u
d
e
o
f
s
i
ne
w
a
v
e
has
b
e
en
v
ar
i
e
d
f
o
r
di
ff
er
e
n
t
va
l
u
e
s
o
f
mod
u
l
at
i
on in
de
xes.
D
ig
i
tise
d
s
i
n
e
w
a
v
e
i
s
t
h
en
c
om
pa
r
e
d
w
i
t
h
c
ar
r
i
e
r
s
i
g
na
l
s
.
G
e
ne
r
a
t
i
on
of
S
w
i
t
c
hin
g
P
ulse
s
X
i
l
i
n
x
r
e
l
at
i
ona
l
o
p
e
r
at
or
i
s
use
d
t
o
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
r
e
c
ti
f
i
e
d
m
od
ul
ati
n
g
si
gn
al
a
n
d
t
w
o
c
a
r
r
i
er
si
gna
ls
w
h
i
c
h
a
r
e
phase
s
hif
t
e
d
t
o
pr
o
d
u
ce
r
e
quir
e
d
s
w
itc
hi
n
g
p
a
t
t
e
r
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
e
w
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
a
s
p
e
r
t
h
e
m
odu
la
tio
n
st
r
a
teg
y
.
F
i
gur
e
6.
B
l
o
c
k
d
i
a
gr
am
r
epre
sen
t
at
i
on
f
o
r
gene
r
a
ti
o
n
o
f
modu
la
t
i
ng
sign
a
l
3.
4.
Ex
perimen
t
a
l
p
ro
to
t
y
pe
Esta
bl
is
hme
n
t
of
pow
er
c
ir
cu
it
for
t
h
e
new
in
ver
t
e
r
i
s
d
o
n
e
by
usin
g
f
our
I
RF
540N
M
O
S
F
ET’
s
in
H
-
B
r
i
d
ge
a
n
d
a
s
in
g
l
e
I
R
F
5
4
0
N
ac
r
o
ss
the
dio
d
e
.
T
he
l
oa
d
c
h
ose
n
i
s
r
e
s
i
s
t
i
v
e
l
o
a
d
o
f
5
0
Ω
a
n
d
a
n
i
n
d
u
c
t
i
v
e
loa
d
o
f
1mH
.
O
ut
pu
t
vo
ltage
a
n
d
cur
r
en
t
f
o
r
the
new
f
i
ve
l
eve
l
to
p
o
lo
gy
f
o
r
a
mod
u
l
at
i
on
inde
x
of
u
n
ity
i
s
show
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
7.
F
F
T
s
pe
ctr
u
m
for
a
mo
du
la
ti
o
n
i
n
d
e
x
o
f
un
i
t
y
i
s
a
l
s
o
obser
ve
d
us
i
n
g
ha
r
m
onic
a
n
alyz
er
a
s
s
how
n
i
n
F
igur
e
8.
E
xpe
r
i
me
ntal
s
e
t
up
f
o
r
the
ne
w
to
p
o
l
o
gy
i
s
s
how
n
in
F
igur
e
9.
3.
5.
Results and
di
scu
s
s
i
on
Res
ul
ts
f
r
o
m
s
i
mula
t
i
on
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
e
xpe
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
p
r
o
tot
y
pe
a
gr
e
e
s
w
i
th
p
r
oper
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
of
n
ew
f
i
v
e
leve
l
in
ve
r
t
er
.
F
i
ve
d
is
t
i
nc
t
le
ve
l
s
o
f
v
o
lta
ge
s
have
b
e
e
n
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
i
n
bot
h
c
a
ses.
F
F
T
s
pe
ctr
u
m
s
f
or
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
nt
m
odu
la
tio
n
ind
e
xes
ha
ve
b
e
e
n
v
i
s
ua
l
i
ze
d i
n
P
S
I
M
sof
t
w
a
r
e
.
I
t is
s
ee
n
t
h
a
t
a
c
lea
n
s
pe
ctr
u
m
ha
s
bee
n
o
bt
aine
d
fo
r
hi
g
h
e
r
v
a
lue
s
o
f
mo
dul
a
tio
n
i
n
d
e
x
e
s
by
i
nt
rodu
c
i
ng
out
put
f
i
l
t
e
r
s
.
F
F
T
spec
tr
u
m
f
or
m
odu
la
t
i
o
n
i
n
d
ex
o
f
un
i
t
y
ha
s
been
v
er
if
ie
d
exp
e
r
i
me
nt
a
l
l
y
a
n
d
s
i
m
i
l
ar
r
e
s
ul
t
s
h
a
v
e
be
e
n
o
b
ta
ine
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
8
6
8
–
8
73
87
2
F
i
gur
e
7.
O
utp
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
ge
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
e
nt
f
or
n
e
w
f
i
v
e
le
ve
l
i
n
ve
r
t
er
(
RL
L
oa
d)
F
i
g
u
r
e
8
. FFT sp
e
ctru
m
f
o
r
n
e
w fiv
e
lev
el
in
ver
t
er
(
RL
L
oa
d)
F
i
gur
e
9.
H
ar
d
w
ar
e
pr
otot
y
p
e
for
new
f
i
ve
l
e
v
e
l
i
n
v
er
ter
4.
CONCLUSIONS
S
i
mulate
d
r
e
su
lt
s
a
n
d
e
x
per
i
m
e
ntal
s
e
t
u
p
sho
w
s
t
h
at
n
e
w
f
i
v
e-
l
ev
el
t
op
ol
o
g
y
wo
r
k
s
a
s
e
xp
e
c
t
e
d
.
M
i
n
i
mize
d
c
o
n
v
er
ter
sw
i
t
ch
i
n
g
a
n
d
c
o
n
d
u
ct
ion
l
o
sse
s
c
a
n
b
e
ob
t
a
i
n
ed
.
Con
s
i
d
e
r
a
b
l
e
w
e
a
k
e
nin
g
in
b
al
an
c
i
ng
o
f
c
a
p
a
c
ito
r
vo
lt
ag
es
i
s
p
r
e
v
ent
e
d
,
s
i
n
ce
t
h
e
c
h
a
rg
es
a
re
b
a
l
an
ce
d
i
n
a
c
yc
le
o
f
ou
tp
ut.
Re
p
l
ace
me
nt
o
f
MO
S
F
ET’
s
by
I
G
B
T’
s
and
ne
w
c
oncep
ts
i
n
conver
t
e
r
s
w
i
t
c
hes
ma
y
l
ea
d to h
i
gher
effic
i
encie
s
.
REFERE
NC
E
S
[1]
.
J
.
R
od
rig
u
ez,
J
-S
.
L
a
i,
a
nd
F.
Z
.
P
e
ng
,
“M
ulti
-lev
el
i
nv
erter:
a
su
rvey
o
f
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
i
es,
contro
ls,
and
app
l
i
catio
ns,”
IE
EE T
r
a
n
s.
Ind.
E
l
ectr
on.
,
vo
l
. 4
9
,
no.
4,
pp
. 7
2
4-7
3
8
,
A
ug.
2
002.
[2]
.
F.
M
i
n
ai
a
nd
A
.
T
a
riq
,
“
Anal
y
s
is
o
f
Casca
d
ed
m
ul
tilevel
i
n
ve
rte
r,”
In
dia
In
t
e
rn
atio
nal
Con
f
e
r
ence on
Po
wer
E
l
ectr
onics 20
10
(
IICPE
201
0
)
, v
ol.
2
,
pp
. 1
–6
,
Ja
n.
2
0
1
1
.
[3]
.
X
.
S
u
n
a
n
d
S
.
G
a
o,
“
Res
earch
on
to
po
log
y
a
nd
PW
M
con
t
rol
m
e
th
od
o
f
a
n
o
v
e
l
cas
caded
m
ul
tilevel
i
n
v
e
rt
er,”
20
10
IEEE
In
te
rn
atio
na
l Co
nfe
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
Me
c
h
a
t
ro
n
i
c
s
an
d
Au
to
ma
tion
,
pp
.
52
3–
528,
A
ug.
2
0
1
0
.
[4]
.
Mal
i
n
o
w
sk
i
,
M
.,
G
op
ak
umar,
K.
,
Ro
drigu
ez,
J
.,
et
a
l.
:
‘A
s
urv
e
y
o
n
c
a
scad
ed
m
ul
tilev
e
l
i
n
v
e
rt
ers’,
IE
EE
Tran
s
.
In
d. Elect
ro
n
., 2
01
0, 5
7,
(7),
pp
.
21
97
-2
20
6.
[5]
.
Barzeg
ark
h
o
o
,
R.
,
Zami
ri,
E,
V
os
oug
hi,
N
,
e
t
a
l
.:
‘
Cascaded
m
ul
tilev
e
l
in
vert
er
u
s
i
n
g
s
eries
conn
ecti
o
n
of
n
ovel
cap
a
c
ito
r-bas
ed u
ni
ts
with
min
im
um
s
witch
count
’,
IET Pow
e
r
El
ectr
on.,
20
16
,
9
, (10
),
p
p.
2
06
0
-
2
07
5
[6]
.
D
.
P
at
e
l
,
R.
S
aravan
aku
m
ar,
K.
K
.
Ray,
a
n
d
R
.
Ram
e
sh
,
“A
r
evi
e
w
o
f
v
a
riou
s
carrier
b
ased
P
WM
m
et
hod
s
f
o
r
mul
tilevel
inverter,”
In
di
a Int
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Confer
ence on
P
o
wer Electr
o
n
i
cs 20
10
(IICP
E
2
010)
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
6
,
J
an.
20
11
.
[7]
.
K.
A
.
Corzin
e,
M
.
W.
W
i
e
l
e
b
s
k
i
,
F
.
Z
.
Pen
g
,
and
J.
W
an
g,
“
Con
t
r
ol
o
f
cascaded
m
ul
tilevel
inverte
r
s,”
IE
EE
Tran
s
.
Po
w
e
r
E
l
e
c
t
r
on
.
,
v
o
l
.
19,
n
o
.
3
,
pp.
732
-73
8
,
M
a
y
200
4.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
A fi
v
e
-
l
e
v
e
l
m
u
l
t
i
l
eve
l
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
util
iz
i
n
g m
u
l
tica
r
rie
r
m
odul
at
i
on
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
..
.
(
R
abiy
a
R
a
sh
ee
d)
87
3
[8]
.
G
e
rardo
Ceg
l
i
a
,
Vi
ctor
G
uzm
a
n
,
C
arlos
S
a
nch
e
z
,
F
ernand
o
Ib
an
ez,
J
u
l
i
o
W
a
l
t
e
r
,
a
n
d
M
a
r
i
a
I
.
G
i
m
e
n
e
z
,
“
A
N
e
w
S
i
m
p
lified
M
u
l
til
e
vel
Inv
e
rter
T
opo
log
y
f
or
D
C-A
C
C
o
nvers
io
n,”
IEE
E
Trans
.
Power
El
ectr
on.,
vo
l.
21,
no
.
5
,
p
p
.
13
11
-1
31
9, Se
p
.
20
06
.
[9]
.
Y.
H
inago
and
H.
K
o
i
zumi,
“A
s
i
n
g
l
e
phase
multilevel
i
n
verter
u
si
ng
s
wi
t
c
hed
ser
i
es/
p
arallel
DC
v
oltage
s
our
ces,
”
2
0
0
9
IEEE
En
e
r
gy
Conver
si
on
Con
g
res
s
a
nd Expos
it
io
n
,
p
p
.
1
9
62–1
967
,
S
ep
.
2
009.
[10]
.
M
.
R
.
Banaei
a
n
d
E
.
S
a
l
a
ry,
“N
ew
m
ultil
evel
i
nv
erter
with
r
ed
uc
t
i
o
n
o
f
swit
c
h
es
a
n
d
g
at
e
dr
iv
er,”
20
10 1
8
t
h
Ir
an
ian
Con
f
er
e
n
ce o
n
E
l
ectri
ca
l En
gin
eeri
n
g
,
no.
2
,
p
p
.
784
–7
8
9
,
M
ay
2
0
1
0
.
[11]
.
E
.
B
abaei
,
“
A
cascad
e
m
u
lt
il
e
v
el
c
on
verter
t
o
p
ol
og
y
with
r
ed
u
c
e
d
nu
mbe
r
o
f
sw
itc
he
s,”
I
E
EE
T
r
an
s.
P
o
w
e
r
E
l
ectr
on.
,
v
o
l
.
23,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
657-26
64
,
N
ov
.
2008
.
[12]
.
Gu
pta,
K
.
K.,
Ran
j
an
,
A.,
Bh
atn
a
gar,
P
.,
et
a
l.:
‘Mu
l
t
ilevel
in
v
e
rter
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
ie
s
wi
th
r
edu
ced
d
e
v
ice
co
un
t:
A
Rev
i
ew’,
,”
IEEE
T
r
an
s.
Po
wer E
l
ectr
o
n
.,
vo
l
3
1
, (1),
pp
.
1
3
5
-
15
1, 2
01
6.
[13]
.
B.
P
M
cG
rath
a
n
d
D
.
G
He
lm
es,
“
M
u
l
ticarri
er
P
W
M
s
tra
t
eg
ies
f
o
r
mult
ilevel
inver
t
e
r
s”,
IEEE
T
r
an
s.
Ind.
E
l
ectr
o
n
.,
vo
l
.
4
9
,
n
o.
4
, p
p.
85
8
-
8
6
7
, Au
g
.
2
00
2.
[14]
.
N
.
F
aro
khnia,
H
.
Vad
i
zad
e
h
,
F
.
A
.
Asl,
a
nd
F
.
Kad
k
h
oda,
“
C
o
m
p
a
r
iso
n
b
e
t
we
en
a
pp
roxi
m
a
te
a
nd
ac
curate
l
i
n
e
v
o
l
t
age
THD,
c
ase
II:
M
u
lt
ilevel
i
n
v
erter
w
i
th
e
qu
al
D
C
sou
r
ces
,”
T
h
e
2nd
In
ter
nat
io
nal
Sympos
iu
m o
n
Po
wer
E
l
ectr
onics for Distrib
u
t
e
d G
e
n
e
ra
ti
on Sys
t
ems
,
p
p
.
2
46
–2
5
1
,
Ju
n.
2
01
0.
[15]
.
Y.
X
ue
a
nd
M
.
Manj
re
kar,
“
A
n
e
w
cl
ass
of
s
ingle-phase
m
ul
tileve
l
i
n
v
e
rters,
”
T
h
e
2n
d In
ter
nat
iona
l S
y
mp
os
iu
m
o
n
P
o
wer El
e
c
tronics f
o
r D
i
s
t
r
i
buted
Gener
a
tion Sy
st
ems
,
pp.
5
65
–5
7
1
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
1
0
.
[16]
.
K.
W
ang,
“
A
new
trans
f
orme
rl
e
ss
cascaded
m
ul
tilevel
conv
ert
e
r
t
op
ol
og
y
,
”
20
09
IEEE
Ener
gy Con
vers
i
o
n
Co
ng
ress
an
d
Expo
si
ti
on
,
pp
.
3
1
2
4
–
312
9,
S
ep.
200
9.
[17]
.
Bif
a
re
t
t
i
,
S
.,
T
a
r
i
scio
tti,
L
.,
Wa
ts
on,
A.
,
Zanchetta,
P.,
Be
l
l
i
n
i
,
A
.,
Cl
are,
J
.:
‘
Di
st
rib
u
t
e
d
co
m
m
utatio
ns
p
uls
e
-wi
d
t
h
m
o
dul
a
t
i
o
n
t
echn
i
qu
e
f
o
r
hig
h
p
o
w
er
A
C/D
C
m
u
l
til
evel
c
o
n
v
e
rt
ers
’,
IE
T Power El
ec
tron.,
5,
(
6),
pp.
9
09-9
1
9
,
20
12
.
[18]
.
S
. Ra
j
asek
ar, Raj
e
s
h
Gupta, “
Ra
pi
d
pro
t
o
t
yp
in
g
of p
o
w
e
r
e
le
c
t
ro
n
i
cs
con
vert
ers
fo
r ph
ot
ov
o
l
t
a
ic
s
ys
tem
a
p
plicat
ion
u
s
i
ng
Xi
li
nx
S
y
st
em
Gen
erato
r
”,
IET
Power El
ectr
o
n
.
,
7
,
(9),
p
p
.
226
9-22
78
,
2
01
4.
[19]
.
Mekhil
e
f
,
S
.,
M
a
saoud,
A.:
‘
X
il
in
x
F
P
GA
ba
se
d
mu
lti
le
v
e
l
P
W
M
si
ng
le
p
h
a
se
i
nv
e
r
te
r
’
.
IE
E
E
Int
.
C
o
n
f
.
O
n
I
nd.
T
ech
. (
I
CIT
20
0
6
)
, 1
5
- 1
7
D
ecemb
e
r, p
p
.
2
59
-264
, 2
00
6.
[20].
Me
kh
ile
f
,
S
.
,
Ra
him
,
N
.
A.
:
Xi
li
nx
FPGA
b
a
se
d
th
re
e
-
ph
a
s
e
P
W
M
i
nv
erter
a
n
d
it
s
app
l
icatio
n
for
u
t
i
l
ity
c
on
nect
ed
PV
s
ys
t
e
m’.
IEE
E
Conf.
On Co
mp. C
o
m
m
.
Cont.
A
nd
Power
E
n
g.
(
T
EN
CO
N
’02.
)
,
28- 31
Oct
o
b
e
r,
p
p.
2
07
9-20
82
,
20
02
.
BIOGRAPHI
E
S
OF
AUT
HORS
Rabiy
a
R
ash
eed
w
as
b
orn
in
1981.
S
he
r
ecei
ve
d
B.
T
ech
a
nd
M.
T
e
c
h
d
e
g
r
e
e
s
f
r
o
m
R
a
j
i
v
G
a
n
d
h
i
Instit
u
t
e
of
S
cie
n
ce
and
Tech
no
lo
gy,
I
ndia. S
he
i
s current
ly
w
o
rk
i
n
g
as
Assistant
Pr
of
ess
o
r at
F
ederal
Instit
u
t
e
o
f
S
cie
n
ce
and
Te
ch
no
log
y
,
India.
A
l
s
o
sh
e
is
a
p
art
time
research
s
ch
olar
a
t
Co
chi
n
Uni
v
ersit
y
o
f
S
c
i
e
nce
an
d
T
echn
o
lo
gy
,
In
d
i
a.
H
er interest
s
i
n
c
l
ude
d
esign
o
f
l
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h
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ech
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Relat
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m
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u
V
receiv
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th
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B.
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ech
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M
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egrees
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rom
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a
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i
neeri
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ll
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n
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gy
,
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n
dia
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u
rre
n
t
ly
s
h
e
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he
h
ead
o
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depart
m
e
nt
o
f
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ectri
cal
E
n
g
i
n
eeri
ng
at
M
od
el
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n
gi
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ll
ege,
T
hri
kkak
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ra,
Ind
i
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H
er
i
n
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ere
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t
li
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th
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area
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f
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oft
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puti
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th
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f
i
eld
o
f
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ens
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rl
ess
vect
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r
con
t
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o
f
ac drives.
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