Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
3
,
Septem
be
r 2020
, pp.
1230
~
1240
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v11.i
3
.
pp
1230
-
1240
1230
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Study a
nd anal
ysis the
effe
ct of v
ar
i
ab
l
e appl
ied volt
age on
SCIM
perfo
rmances
based o
n FE
A
Waleed
Kh
alid Sh
ak
ir
Al
-
j
ubo
ri
1
, Yasir
Ab
d
ulha
fedh
Ah
med
2
1
Depa
rteme
nt
of
Elec
tr
ical Engi
n
ee
ring
,
AL
-
Fura
t
Al
-
Aw
sat
T
ec
h
nic
a
l
Univer
si
ty, T
e
chni
c
al Col
l
e
ge
of
Al
-
Mus
saib
2
Depa
rteme
nt
of
Elec
tr
ical Engi
n
ee
ring
,
Univ
ersity of
Anbar
,
Ir
aq
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Feb
20
, 20
20
Re
vised
A
pr
4
,
20
20
Accepte
d
A
pr
27
, 20
20
Study
and
analysis
th
e
eff
e
ct
of
var
ia
bl
e
a
ppli
ed
vol
ta
ge
on
SC
IM
per
forma
n
ce
s
b
ase
d
on
FEA
is
pre
sente
d
.
T
hre
e
phase
squ
irre
l
ca
ge
induc
ti
on
mot
or
SC
IM
has
bee
n
inve
stig
at
ed
and
nume
r
ic
a
ll
y
simul
ate
d
using
finite
e
lement
m
et
hod
(
FEM)
with
the
a
id
of
AN
SY
S
software
(RMxprt
and
M
axwe
ll
2D/3D).
Thi
s
rese
arc
h
pr
ese
nts
study
and
analysis
of
the
eff
e
ct
s
of
t
he
vol
ta
ge
var
iation
on
per
form
anc
e
and
eff
i
cie
ncy
of
the
thre
e
-
ph
ase
indu
ct
ion
mot
or
of
t
he
squirre
l
ca
g
e
type
.
The
Fin
ite
Eleme
n
ts
Analysis
Metho
d
FEA
is
used
as
one
of
th
e
be
st
me
thods
for
a
nal
ysis
and
simul
ation
of
elec
tr
ic
a
l
mot
ors
i
n
add
it
ion
to
the
poss
ibi
l
it
y
of
d
ea
l
ing
wi
t
h
nonli
ne
ar
equ
at
i
ons,
Since
the
in
duct
ion
mot
or
is
a
co
mplex
e
le
c
t
roma
gne
ti
c
rea
c
ti
on,
th
e
r
ese
arc
h
ers
used
th
e
AN
SY
S
progra
m
to
rep
r
ese
nt
a
nd
an
al
yz
e
the
per
for
ma
n
ce
of
the
mo
tor
und
er
var
i
able
suppl
y
volt
ag
e.
The
c
ase
studie
d
in
thi
s
r
ese
ar
ch
is
thre
e
phase
s,
380V,
50Hz,
2
.
2kW,
in
duction
mot
or
th
at
widel
y
use
in
in
dustria
l
applic
at
i
on.
Th
e
ai
m
of
t
his
rese
ar
ch
is
t
o
study
th
e
eff
ect
of
vo
lt
a
g
e
var
ia
t
ion
on
eff
icienc
y
,
cur
re
nt
val
u
e,
power
factor
and
torque
of
SC
IM.
The
RMxprt
software
h
as
be
en
used
for
mo
del
ing
and
simul
ating
th
e
in
duct
ion
mot
or
a
nd
calc
ul
at
ing
th
e
va
lue
s
of
phas
es
cur
ren
ts,
input
and
outpu
t
power
in
additiona
l
of
over
all
ef
fi
ci
en
cy
a
t
st
ea
dy
sta
te
condi
ti
on
.
The
next
st
age
of
th
e
rese
arc
h
is
c
r
ea
t
ing
Maxwel
l
2
-
D
design
from
th
e
b
ase
m
odel
of
RMxprt
software
,
Maxwel
l
2
-
D
mod
el
ha
s
the
abilit
y
to
co
mput
ing
the
d
istri
but
ion
of
ma
gne
tic
field
and
ex
pla
ini
ng
th
e
per
forma
n
ce
un
der
ste
ady
-
sta
te
oper
a
ti
on
.
Th
e
obt
ai
n
ed
r
esult
s
show
signifi
c
ant
red
u
c
ti
on
of
mo
tor
pe
rform
ance
due
t
o
the
ef
fect
of
v
ari
a
ti
on
of
appl
y
vo
lt
ag
e
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Eff
ic
ie
nc
y.
FEM.
SCIM.
Torq
ue
Vo
lt
age
v
a
riat
ion.
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Walee
d K
halid
Sh
a
kir
A
l
-
Jub
or
i
AL
-
Furat
AL
-
Aw
sat
Tech
nic
al
U
ni
ver
sit
y,
I
raq
Dep
a
rtme
nt of
Ele
ct
rical
Pow
er E
ng
i
neer
i
ng Tech
niques,
Hill
ah,
Hill
ah
-
Najaf st
reet, B
abil, I
raq.
Emai
l:
w
al
ed _
k@
at
u.
e
du.iq
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Ind
uction
m
ot
or
s
a
re
sp
i
ne
of
in
dustria
l,
and
c
onside
rs
the
mo
st
wi
de
sp
rea
d
a
nd
mo
st
ge
ne
rall
y
util
iz
ed
in
in
du
stria
l
ap
plica
ti
on
s
.
T
hat
is
du
e
to
it
s
sim
ply
desig
n,
good
e
ff
ic
ie
nc
y,
reli
a
bili
ty,
lo
w
-
lyin
g
c
os
t
and
r
esi
li
ence
to
work
in
the
ha
rs
h
e
nviro
nme
nt
of
te
m
pe
ratur
e
a
nd
stre
sses.
The
re
a
r
e
tw
o
t
yp
es
of
thr
e
e
ph
a
se
in
du
ct
i
on
m
otor
SC
I
M
a
nd
sli
p
r
ing
i
nductio
n
mo
t
or
SRI
M,
The
SCI
M
s
ha
ve
a
wide
ly
an
d
increasin
gly
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
i
n
powe
r
s
ys
te
m
fi
el
d.
Du
e
to
hi
gh
powe
r
den
sit
y,
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy,
hi
gh
powe
r
fact
o
r
an
d
mall
siz
e,
it
be
comes
a
go
od
c
hoic
e
i
ns
te
ad
of
oth
e
r
c
onve
ntion
al
m
otors.
[
1
-
3].
A
st
udy
of
th
e
ba
sic
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Study
and
anal
ysi
s the eff
ect
of
va
ria
ble
appl
ie
d
volta
ge
on SCIM
… (W
ale
ed
K
ha
li
d S
hak
ir Al
-
Ju
bori)
1231
gu
i
delines
to
de
velo
p
a
c
oupl
ed
FE
M
for
t
he
stu
dy
of
el
ect
ro
ma
gnet
ic
ph
enomena
in
I
.
M
presente
d
i
n
[
4].
A
three
phase SC
IM is m
odel
ed usin
g ANSY
S
M
a
xw
el
l s
of
t
w
are.
A
2D
finite
el
ement
meth
od
(
FE
M
)
is
vie
wed
as
a
vital
a
pp
a
ratus
to
simulat
e
el
ect
r
ic
al
machi
nes.
With
a
nd
pro
cess
the
at
trac
ti
ve
m
otion
c
onve
yan
ce
.
D
espite
the
fact
that
t
his
te
ch
nique
is
te
di
ous
a
nd
require
d
preci
se
ge
om
et
ric
in
f
ormat
ion
a
bout
mac
hin
es
str
uc
ture,
yet
it
giv
es
an
e
xact
da
ta
ab
ou
t
the
a
ct
ivit
y
[
5,
6
].
Numerical
met
hod
has
bee
n
broa
dly
us
e
d
t
o
c
ompre
he
nd
com
posit
e
do
main
str
uctu
re,
FE
M
wh
ic
h
is
on
e
of
th
ese
strat
egies
Give
a
n
e
xact
ca
lc
ulati
on
f
or
2D
/
3D
iss
ues
of
el
ect
ric
ma
chines
with
c
omplex
geomet
ries.
T
hi
s
arr
a
ng
e
ment
is
util
iz
ed
to
evaluate
mac
hi
ne
exec
utio
n
a
high
exa
ct
nes
s.
Sa
dly
,
s
olv
i
ng
of
FEM
issues
ne
ed
a
t
otal
data
ab
ou
t
t
he
geomet
ry,
mate
ria
ls,
kind
of
us
e
to
be
util
iz
ed
by
el
ect
ric
ma
chin
e
wh
at
's
m
or
e
boun
dary
c
ondi
ti
on
s
t
hat
will
be
set
tl
ed.
It
mu
st
be
noti
ced
that
there
a
re
th
ree
s
ort
s
of
FE
analysis
ca
n
be
disc
overe
d
[
7,
8
]
:
a
)
M
ag
neto
sta
ti
c
a
na
lysis.
b)
M
a
gn
et
o
harmo
nic
analysis
c)
Ma
gn
et
o
transient a
nal
ysi
s
The
ste
ad
y
-
sta
te
a
nd
tra
ns
ie
nt
inv
est
igati
on
is
im
plemente
d
.
Th
e
pri
mar
y
s
ort
is
kn
own
as
a
ma
gnet
o
sta
ti
c
By
util
izing
th
e
pro
pe
rtie
s
of
A
NS
Y
S
M
a
xw
el
l,
R
Mxprt
pro
gramm
ing
,
rated
volt
age
is
cha
nge
d
and
the
pe
rforman
ce
of
the
mo
t
or
a
re
co
mput
ed.
Se
veral
fa
ct
or
s
af
fect
du
e
to
volt
age
va
ri
at
ion
s
uch
a
s
ph
a
se
current,
po
w
er
fact
or,
outp
ut
to
rque
an
d
ef
fici
ency.
I
n
t
his
pa
per
t
he
influe
nce
of
ap
plied
vo
lt
age
in
vestigat
ed.
2.
MO
DELIN
G
OF S
CI
M US
ING
FEM
FEM
has
bee
n
eff
ect
ivel
y
use
d
to
get
the
s
ub
sta
ntial
pr
ec
ise
el
ements
a
nd
modeli
ng
of
SCI
M
a
nd
util
iz
ed
in
sp
ee
d
c
ontrol
ap
plica
ti
on
s
a
nd
fa
ul
ts
diag
nosis
s
ys
te
ms.
T
his
m
od
el
in
g
has
be
en
vastly
use
d
in
the
domain
of
el
ect
rical
machine
analysis
a
nd
de
sign.
It
has
be
en
a
pp
li
ed
t
o
reso
l
ve
the
M
a
xw
el
l’s
eq
uations
t
o
search
t
he
act
ion
o
f
t
he
ma
gnet
ic
fiel
d
in
time
an
d
freq
ue
ncy
r
an
ge.
In
this
resea
rch,
m
od
el
in
g
a
nd
si
mu
la
ti
on
of
SCI
M
e
mp
l
oy
i
ng
FE
M
c
omi
ng
f
rom
th
r
ough
th
ree
ste
ps
:
pr
e
-
proce
ss
ing
,
pr
ocessin
g
an
d
post
-
pr
oc
essing
[9
-
11
].
U
sin
g
pr
e
-
pr
ocessin
g
ste
p,
the d
ime
ns
io
n
a
nd
g
e
ome
try
of
t
he
S
CIM
is
reali
zed.
T
he
mate
rial
s
featu
re
of
sta
to
r
a
nd
r
otor
c
or
e
s
a
nd
sh
a
ft
a
re
de
fined.
A
nywa
y.
Detai
ls
of
t
he
machine
dime
ns
io
ns
,
windin
gs
a
nd
mate
rial
s
are
gi
ven
in
Ta
ble1
.
Finall
y,
in
this
ste
p
the
mec
ha
nical
loads
a
r
e
util
iz
ed
on
th
e
model.
A
gro
up
of
M
a
xw
el
l
’s
e
quat
ions
are
re
so
lve
d
in
the
processi
ng
pa
r
t
employin
g
nume
rical
meth
od
an
d
a
fter
t
hat
the
mag
netic
fiel
d
distrib
ution
over
the
model
will
be
acq
uir
ed.
Stat
or
pha
se
currents
a
nd
flu
x
den
sit
y
and
al
l
oth
e
r
el
ect
rom
agn
et
ic
pa
rame
te
rs
ha
ve
bee
n
acqu
i
red
a
nd
f
ormulat
ed
as e
qu
il
ib
rium
e
qu
at
ion
s.
T
he
e
quat
ions
for
t
he
e
ntire
struct
ur
e
are
g
ai
ned b
y
c
ombin
ing
the
eq
uili
bri
um
e
quat
io
n
of
eac
h
el
ement
su
c
h
t
hat
c
on
ti
nu
it
y
is ens
ur
e
d
at
ea
ch node
[
12
-
14
].
The
pa
rtia
l
dif
f
eren
ti
al
f
orms
o
f
M
ax
well
’s
e
qu
at
io
ns
that
c
har
act
erize
the
q
ua
si
sta
ti
onar
y
fiel
ds
ca
n
be dist
inct as
be
low [
15, 16]:
∇
×
=(
′
)
(1)
∇
×
=−
/
(
′
)
(2)
∇
∙
=0
(
)
(3)
=
(4)
=
(5)
The
e
ff
ect
of
vo
lt
age
s
on
en
gin
e
ca
pacit
y
and
to
rque
ca
n
be
il
lustrate
d
by
the
fo
ll
ow
i
ng
eq
uatio
n
assumi
ng Z
1=
0
the
n
=
3
1
.
1
2
2
(
2
)
2
+
(
2
)
2
(6)
1
=
2
=
, th
en
1
2
1
2
(
2
)
2
+
(
1
2
)
2
=
2
2
2
2
(
2
)
2
+
(
2
2
)
2
(7)
(
1
2
)
2
=
2
1
(
2
2
+
(
1
2
)
2
2
2
+
(
2
2
)
2
(8)
Since sli
p va
ri
at
ion
will
not a
ff
ect
the
val
ue i
n
the
r
oto
r
c
oil of mac
hin
e t
he
n.
1
2
=
(
1
2
)
2
=
2
1
(9)
1
2
=
2
2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
12
30
–
12
40
1232
As
ap
pear
a
nce
f
rom
eq
uatio
ns
a
bove,
the
a
ppli
ed
volt
age
ha
s
a
di
rect
e
ff
e
ct
on
m
oto
r
pe
rformances
.
By
us
i
ng
R
M
xprt,
a
2.2
kW
three
-
phase
SC
IM
is
desig
ned.
The
par
a
mete
rs
of
the
m
otor
are
giv
e
n
in
T
able
1
by inse
rting t
he
all
g
en
eral i
nfo
rmati
on
from
Table
1
a
nd th
e typ
e
of l
oad
app
l
ying
on th
e r
oto
r
[17
-
20]
.
The
B
-
H
c
urve
of
la
minate
d
s
te
el
is
de
fine
d.
T
he
ro
t
or
bar
s
are
sel
ect
ed
a
s
al
umi
num.
T
he
windin
gs
are
c
oppe
r.
Th
e
sh
a
ft
is
assig
ned
as
not
ma
gn
et
ic
ste
el
.
T
he
ro
t
or
is
sim
ulate
d
with
al
l
pract
ic
al
dim
e
ns
io
ns
sh
ows
in
Fi
gu
re1.
T
he
sta
to
r
an
d
slots
inf
ormat
ion
an
d
dimensi
ons
th
at
us
e
d
in
sim
ulati
on
a
re
s
hows
in
Figure
2
incl
uding
in
ner
an
d
ou
te
r
diamet
er
in
a
dd
it
io
n
of
slot
dime
ns
i
onal
desig
n.
[
21
-
23]
Af
te
r
i
nter
rin
g
al
l
inf
or
mati
on
to R
M
xprt
, th
e
u
s
er in
te
r
face
of
RMxpr
t
is s
hown in Fi
gure
3.
Table
1.
Moto
r
pa
rameters
Para
m
eter
Un
it
Stato
r
Ou
ter
Dia
m
eter
1
3
7
.8 m
m
Stato
r
Inn
er
Dia
m
e
ter
7
8
m
m
Stato
r
-
Nu
m
b
er
of
Slots
24
Ro
to
r
Ou
ter
Dia
m
eter
7
7
.4mm
Ro
to
r
Inn
er
Dia
m
e
ter
2
9
m
m
Ro
to
r
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
Bars
20
Stack
leng
th
95
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
po
les
2
Rated
Voltag
e
380
Rated
Power
2
2
0
0
W
Frequ
en
cy
5
0
Hz
Rated
Speed
1
8
5
0
r
p
m
Figure
1. Roto
r
d
ime
ns
io
ns
Figure
2. Stat
or
dimens
i
ons
Fig
ure
3
.
RM
xprt
us
e
r
inter
fa
ce
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ysi
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ect
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ria
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ge
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li
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ir Al
-
Ju
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1233
3.
SIMULATI
O
N
AND
RES
U
LT
S
A
3
-
phase
SCI
M
w
hich
ha
s
t
he
pa
rameters
giv
e
n
i
n
Table
1
has
bee
n
m
od
el
e
d
a
nd
simulat
ed
usi
ng
ANSY
S
(R
Mx
per
t
a
nd
M
ax
well
2D)
softw
are.
T
his
s
of
t
w
are
pr
ov
i
des
a
bili
ty
to
c
hang
e
the
value
of
app
li
ed
vo
lt
age
or a
ny
oth
e
r param
et
ers
that
may
gav
e an
e
ff
ect
on t
he op
e
rati
on
o
f
mo
t
or
[2
4
,
2
5
]
.
The
m
od
el
of
SCI
M
has
be
en
simulat
ed
t
o
sho
w
t
he
e
f
fect
of
varyin
g
t
he
volt
age
var
ia
ti
on
i
n
diff
e
re
nt
value
s.
Fig
ur
e
4
i
ndic
at
e
the
sp
ee
d
an
d
ef
fici
enc
y
wit
h
res
pect
t
o
rated
volt
age
of
38
0V.
Fig
ure
5
sh
ows
the
va
riat
ion
of ef
fici
ency f
o
r
34
0,
42
0,
460, a
nd 50
0V. respect
ivel
y.
As
fig
ur
e
5
th
e
eff
ic
ie
ncy
w
as
dec
rease
d
wh
e
n
volt
age
var
ia
ti
on
up
or
under
10
%
.
The
e
ff
ect
o
f
app
li
ed
volt
age
at the
powe
r
f
act
or
a
re e
xpla
ined
i
n
Fi
g
ure
6.
Fig
ure
4.
R
el
at
ion
s
hip
bet
wee
n
E
ff
ic
ie
nc
y
a
nd
S
pee
d
at
R
at
ed
V
oltage
38
0V
(a)
(b)
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In
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ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
12
30
–
12
40
1234
(c)
(d)
Fig
ure
5.
Re
la
ti
on
of
E
ff
ic
ie
nc
y
a
nd
A
pply
V
oltage
.
(a
)
E
f
fici
ency at
34
0V
(
b)
E
f
fici
enc
y
at
420V
(c)
E
f
fici
ency
at
4
60
V
(
d)
E
f
fici
ency at
50
0V
(a)
(b)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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t J
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ow Elec
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ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Study
and
anal
ysi
s the eff
ect
of
va
ria
ble
appl
ie
d
volta
ge
on SCIM
… (W
ale
ed
K
ha
li
d S
hak
ir Al
-
Ju
bori)
1235
(c)
(d)
(e)
Fig
ure
6
.
The
Eff
ect
of Ap
plied
Vo
lt
age
at
The Po
wer Fac
tor (a)
P.
F
At 340V
(b)
P
.F
At
380V(c
)
P
,F
At
420V (d)
P.
F
At
460V (e
)
P.F
At 50
0V
That
cl
ear
fro
m
Fig
ur
e
6
the
ne
gative
ef
fec
t
of
a
ppli
ed
volt
age
on
m
otor
powe
r
fact
or.
The
e
ff
ect
of
vo
lt
age
va
riat
ion
at
rated
to
r
qu
e
is
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
7
.
T
hen
the
five
c
ases
stu
died
of
de
fere
nt
val
ues
of
app
li
ed
vo
lt
a
ge
ap
pea
r
t
hat
t
he
la
rg
e
var
ia
ti
on
in
vo
lt
age
i
s
bet
wee
n
340
to
500V
a
nd
a
bove
or
over
t
hat
will
be give a
d
ist
ort
ion
in
m
otor
pe
rformants a
nd
larg
e
po
ssi
bili
ty of
dama
ge.
(a)
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694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
12
30
–
12
40
1236
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Fig
ure
7.
The
Eff
ect
of Ap
plied
Vo
lt
age
at
The O
utput To
rque
(a)
T
or
que at 3
40V (
b)
T
orq
ue
at
380V
(
c)
T
orq
ue
at
420V (d
)
T
orq
ue
a
t 460
V (e)
T
or
qu
e
at 5
00V
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Study
and
anal
ysi
s the eff
ect
of
va
ria
ble
appl
ie
d
volta
ge
on SCIM
… (W
ale
ed
K
ha
li
d S
hak
ir Al
-
Ju
bori)
1237
4.
SIMULATI
O
N
RESU
LT
S
OF S
CI
M US
ING
2
-
D
FI
NI
TE
EL
EMEN
T MO
DEL
To
in
vestigat
e
the
ti
me
ste
pping
ope
rati
on
of
SCI
M,
a
m
od
el
ha
s
bee
n
trans
posed
f
r
om
R
M
xprt
to
M
a
xw
el
l
2
-
D.
A
ma
gnet
ic
fl
ux
distri
bu
ti
on
over
the
mod
el
structu
re
is
com
pu
te
d
us
in
g
F
EM
as
s
ho
wn
in
fig
ur
e
8.
T
he
n
the
dy
namic
performa
nce
pa
rameters
w
hich
incl
ud
e
sta
tor
c
urre
nts,
ba
ck
em
fs,
de
velop
e
d
tor
qu
e
,
an
d
so
on
ha
ve
bee
n
accuratel
y.
Th
e
same
desi
gn
par
a
mete
rs
in
t
he
sug
gested
t
hr
ee
cases
t
hat
hav
e
been
anal
yze
d
in
ste
a
dy
sta
te
analy
sis
are
us
e
d
to
co
mpu
te
the
tra
ns
ie
nt
op
e
rati
on
of
the
m
otor.
Fig
ur
e
8
pr
ese
nts
the
2
-
D
modell
ing
of
SC
I
M
i
n
FE
A
a
nd
M
a
xw
el
l2D
w
hich
s
olv
e
t
he
M
a
gnet
o
tr
ansie
nt
a
na
lysis
of
the m
otor
Fig
ure
8.
2
-
D
model o
f SC
I
M
.
Figures
9,
10
and
11
giv
e
t
he
ope
rati
ng
t
orq
ue,
sta
to
r
c
urren
t
a
nd
m
ot
or
total
po
we
r
an
d
s
how
cl
early
the
ef
f
ect
of
ap
plied
volt
ages
on
t
he
m
otor
perf
ormances
that
giv
e
s
a
ne
gative
ef
fect
w
he
n
the
var
ia
ti
on
of
ap
plied
vo
lt
a
ges ov
e
r or u
nder
10%.
Fig
ur
e
9 s
hows
t
he
t
orque cu
rv
es
for di
f
fer
e
nt volt
ages
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Fig
ure
9.
To
r
que
c
urves
(a)
T
orq
ue
at
340,
(
b)
To
r
qu
e
at
380,
(c)
To
rque
at
4
20
V
,
a
nd
T
orq
ue
at
460V
As
a
ppear
in
F
igure
9
a
,
c
an
d
d
t
he
t
orqu
e
is
dec
rease
w
he
n
a
ppli
ed
vo
lt
age
is
increa
se
or
decr
ea
se,
bu
t t
he fig
ur
e
a
and c is
accept
able v
al
ues of t
orq
ue wh
il
e fi
gure
d is ve
r
y
la
rg
e
d
e
viati
on in
to
r
qu
e
.
Figure
10
sho
ws
the
sta
tor
c
urren
t
for
diff
e
ren
t
a
pp
li
e
d
vo
lt
ages
an
d
Fi
gure
11
s
hows
t
he
power
at
diff
e
re
nt appli
ed vo
lt
age
s.
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694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
12
30
–
12
40
1238
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Fig
ure
10.
Stat
or cu
rr
e
nt
waveform at
dif
fere
nt volt
age
.
(a
)
Stat
or
C
urren
t
at
3
40
V (b)Sta
tor
C
urren
t at
380V
(c)
Stat
or C
urre
nt at 42
0V (d)
Stat
or
C
urren
t
at
4
60
V
Fr
om
the
res
ul
ts
sh
ow
n
in
F
igure
s
9,10
the
app
li
ed
volt
ag
e
var
ia
ti
on
has
neg
at
ive
ef
fects
on
the
mo
t
or
ph
a
se
cu
rr
e
nts
and
tor
que
is
a
pp
ea
r
that
t
he
mo
to
r
to
r
qu
e
i
s
dec
reased
w
hen
m
oto
r
sup
ply
in
g
from
up
per
or
lowe
r
vo
lt
age
and
the
t
orq
ue
is
decr
ea
sed
w
hen
the
ap
plied
vo
lt
age
be
c
hange
more
t
ha
n
±10%.
F
rom
Fig
ure
11
a
nd
the
M
a
xw
el
l
2D
a
nal
ys
is
the
overal
l
eff
ic
ie
nc
y
f
or
diff
e
re
nt
valu
es
of
a
ppli
ed
volt
age
the
e
ff
i
ci
ency
was
a
ppear a
s
F
igure
12
.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Fig
ure
11.
E
ff
e
ct
the
ap
plied
volt
age
on elec
tric
al
and mec
ha
nical
pow
e
r
.
(
a) Powe
r
at
34
0V (b)
P
ow
e
r
a
t
380V (c
) Po
we
r
at
420V (d
)
P
ow
e
r
at
460V
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Study
and
anal
ysi
s the eff
ect
of
va
ria
ble
appl
ie
d
volta
ge
on SCIM
… (W
ale
ed
K
ha
li
d S
hak
ir Al
-
Ju
bori)
1239
Fig
ure
12.
E
ff
i
ci
ency
volt
age
curve
Figure
12 clea
r
ly explai
ns t
he e
ff
ect
of cha
ng
ing
volt
ages
on
the moto
r
e
ff
i
ci
ency
great
ly
wh
e
n
changin
g v
oltages
more tha
n 10%.
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N AND
DISC
US
SI
ON
Investi
gatio
n
t
he
beh
a
vi
or
of
squir
rel
ca
ge
in
duct
io
n
mo
to
r
unde
r
diff
e
re
nt
volt
age
op
e
rati
o
n
conditi
ons
i
nvolv
es
a
dee
p
knowle
dge
ab
ou
t
volt
age
var
ia
t
ion
ef
fects
on
mo
to
r
pe
rform
ances.
Finit
e
el
ement
method
is
a
pe
rf
ect
t
oo
l
f
or
c
al
culat
ion
of
mag
netic
fiel
ds
de
ns
it
y
a
nd
intensit
y
of
the
m
od
el
un
der
desig
n.
The
ai
m
of
this
work
is
t
o
stu
dy
t
he
squir
rel
cage
in
du
ct
i
on
mo
to
r
perform
ances.
A
sta
ti
c
and
dyna
mic
model
for
the
m
otor
has
bee
n
m
od
el
ed
an
d
anal
yz
ed
us
i
ng
2
-
D
Finit
e
el
emen
t
method.
T
his
method
prov
i
des
an
accurate
repre
sentat
ion
of
th
e
ge
om
et
r
y,
m
at
erial
s,
non
-
li
near
be
hav
i
or
of
mag
netic
fi
el
d
distri
bu
ti
on
a
nd
giv
e
the
abili
ty
to
cl
arifica
ti
on
the
ef
fect of
a
pp
l
y
vol
ta
ge
on mo
t
or
c
urrent
,
to
rque,
p
owe
r
a
nd
e
ff
ic
ie
nc
y.
T
he
model
has
bee
n
us
e
d
t
o
sim
ulate
the
SCI
M
unde
r
va
ria
ble
vo
lt
age
values
us
i
ng
ANSYS
M
ax
well
2D
a
nd
Rmx
per
t p
r
ogr
ams. A
2
-
D
tra
ns
ie
nt a
nalysis
base
d
on FE
M
is i
mp
le
mente
d t
o
com
pute
th
e eff
ect
of c
ha
ng
i
ng
the
volt
age
on
the
pe
rfo
rma
nc
e
of
SCI
M
dyna
mic
model.
T
he
r
esults
giv
e
a
real
e
ff
ect
of
volt
ages
on
mo
to
r
performa
nces
and
the
simula
te
d
m
od
el
give
s
co
rr
es
pondin
g
with
the
ex
pe
rimental
m
otor.
As
is
e
vid
e
nt
fro
m
the
res
ults
the
mo
to
r
ef
fici
en
cy
will
be
dec
r
eases
in
bo
t
h
c
ase
increase
or
decr
eas
e
the
volt
age
that
me
an
an
y
value
of
volt
ag
e
excep
t
t
he
ra
t
ed
volt
age
who
de
sig
ned
t
he
eff
ic
ie
nc
y
will
decr
ease
,
Als
o
the
mo
t
or
el
ect
rical
and
mec
ha
nica
l
powe
r
i
n
a
ddit
ion
t
o
t
orq
ue
will
dec
rease
t
ow
as
res
ult
for
this
stu
dy
t
he
de
viati
on
on
s
upply
vo
lt
age
m
us
t
be
in ran
ge of
±10%
.
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