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201
8
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14
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1423
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s
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it
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ased
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–
DU)
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tes co
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ip
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ic
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ee
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ir
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t
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ld
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th
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ir
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t
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n
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s
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et
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c
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m
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t
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s
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m
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s
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s
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tin
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p
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w
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s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
f
r
as
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
[
1
,
2
]
.
T
h
er
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ar
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v
ar
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w
a
y
s
to
tr
an
s
m
it
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m
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o
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ex
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m
atio
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e
tr
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tted
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ase
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to
-
p
h
ase
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m
m
u
n
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ch
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m
e
[
2
]
.
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r
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ig
h
-
b
itra
te
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m
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l
ti
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co
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u
cto
r
ca
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le
ca
n
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e
u
s
ed
[
3
,
4
]
.
W
ith
in
t
h
is
ar
ea
o
f
f
o
c
u
s
,
w
e
h
av
e
p
er
f
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r
m
ed
a
s
er
ies
o
f
wo
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k
s
ai
m
ed
at
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
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o
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n
h
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le
tele
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etr
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te
m
s
.
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et
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it
(
DU)
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ter
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ata
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m
is
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h
as
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ee
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s
u
g
g
es
ted
[
5
]
.
DU
r
eliab
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lit
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ca
lc
u
latio
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s
f
o
r
s
ev
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atio
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itio
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ad
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[
6
]
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q
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itu
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ata
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s
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is
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io
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ee
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lc
u
lated
[
7
]
,
an
d
a
co
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ce
p
t
o
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a
tes
t
s
ta
n
d
s
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m
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d
o
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tele
m
et
r
y
s
y
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te
m
h
as
b
ee
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p
r
esen
ted
[
8
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
,
r
esu
lt
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o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
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i
m
u
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ata
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n
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co
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g
m
e
th
o
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ar
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esen
ted
.
Fu
r
th
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m
o
r
e
,
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ig
n
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m
o
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u
lat
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m
o
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m
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esu
lt
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ar
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s
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o
w
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d
m
o
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u
la
ted
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ig
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co
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er
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itio
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o
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ter
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er
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ce
s
a
n
d
n
o
is
e
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
14
2
3
–
14
3
1
1424
2.
ST
RUC
T
UR
E
DI
A
G
RAM
O
F
A
DATA T
R
ANSM
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O
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L
Fo
r
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ata
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an
s
m
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s
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io
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th
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n
DHT
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f
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m
DU
to
GB
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a
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ctu
r
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r
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m
o
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d
o
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e
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te
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h
as
b
ee
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as
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h
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w
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in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
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W
e
h
av
e
s
i
m
u
lated
th
e
s
u
b
s
ti
tu
t
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f
a
co
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m
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e,
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s
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m
u
latio
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r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
[
7
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Stru
ct
u
r
e
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
a
d
o
w
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etr
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te
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DHT
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o
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2
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ai
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e
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s
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er
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a
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m
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s
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le
i
n
te
n
d
ed
f
o
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p
o
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e
r
s
u
p
p
l
y
to
a
s
u
b
m
er
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le
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tr
o
m
o
to
r
(
S
E
M)
.
T
h
is
ca
b
le
w
ill
s
er
v
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as
a
p
h
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s
ical
m
ed
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[
7
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th
at
th
e
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
r
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ce
s
s
i
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s
u
ch
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y
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te
m
s
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r
r
ies
i
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is
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m
m
u
n
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e
i
n
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
in
te
n
s
i
v
e
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
s
;
w
h
er
ea
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
to
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
i
tted
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e
m
ai
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ig
h
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n
t
h
i
s
r
eg
ar
d
,
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
ia
g
r
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m
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g
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ted
f
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r
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an
s
m
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s
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io
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o
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i
g
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
a
tiv
e
ele
m
e
n
t
to
DHT
S
(
Fig
u
r
e
2
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
m
ai
n
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
:
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o
d
u
lato
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/d
e
m
o
d
u
la
to
r
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d
en
co
d
er
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ec
o
d
er
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
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l
ato
r
an
d
d
em
o
d
u
lato
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co
n
v
e
r
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e
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o
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m
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ig
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al
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n
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p
h
y
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ical
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e
a
n
d
b
ac
k
,
r
esp
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tiv
el
y
.
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in
ar
y
f
r
eq
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en
c
y
-
s
h
i
f
t
k
e
y
i
n
g
(
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K
)
an
d
b
in
ar
y
p
h
ase
-
s
h
i
f
t
k
e
y
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n
g
(
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P
SK)
m
o
d
u
la
ti
o
n
m
et
h
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d
s
ar
e
s
elec
ted
as th
e
m
o
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t a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
ig
n
al
m
o
d
u
latio
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Stru
ct
u
r
e
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
DHT
S in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
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m
en
t b
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ata
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an
s
m
i
s
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io
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r
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g
h
p
o
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s
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le
I
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e
th
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e
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er
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d
d
ec
o
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er
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ep
r
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t
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s
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m
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le
m
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n
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m
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th
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atica
l
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o
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ith
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s
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o
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er
r
o
r
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co
r
r
e
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g
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ata
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d
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g
a
n
d
d
ec
o
d
in
g
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n
ter
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er
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n
ce
s
a
n
d
n
o
i
s
es
s
h
o
w
n
as
a
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ep
ar
ate
b
lo
ck
o
n
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
d
iag
r
a
m
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
)
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
s
i
g
n
a
ls
to
b
e
tr
an
s
m
it
ted
in
a
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
li
n
e
,
b
u
t
also
s
ig
n
al
m
o
d
u
latio
n
an
d
d
em
o
d
u
latio
n
u
n
it
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
SEM
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
ter
r
u
p
t
s
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
p
ea
k
s
in
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p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
li
n
e
o
f
t
en
o
cc
u
r
d
u
r
in
g
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
DHT
S
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
ca
b
les.
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h
ese
in
ter
r
u
p
ts
a
n
d
p
ea
k
s
r
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lt
i
n
lo
s
s
o
f
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
s
in
g
le
b
i
ts
,
b
u
t
also
en
tire
d
ata
b
lo
ck
s
.
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h
er
ef
o
r
e,
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
in
D
HT
S
r
eq
u
ir
es,
at
o
u
r
o
p
in
io
n
,
ap
p
licatio
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o
f
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
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m
b
i
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ed
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d
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g
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y
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te
m
s
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ased
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n
co
r
r
elativ
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ter
ativ
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n
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o
n
d
if
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er
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t
t
y
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o
f
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C
H
co
d
es
(
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o
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–
C
h
a
u
d
h
u
ri
–
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cq
u
en
g
h
e
m
co
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es).
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w
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ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
co
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it
h
s
o
p
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s
ticat
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ig
n
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s
lik
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l
y
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b
e
i
m
p
r
ac
ticab
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b
ec
au
s
e
DU
h
as
a
li
m
ited
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m
p
u
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ca
p
ab
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t
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e
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h
a
n
d
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x
it
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at
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m
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o
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if
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ce
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m
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itatio
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ab
le
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g
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ice
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ith
t
h
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s
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ac
k
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r
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av
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s
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s
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ts
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
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r
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t
w
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hch
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f
d
ata
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et
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T
h
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h
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elax
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eq
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ir
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en
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a
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ates
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ig
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r
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i
c
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DU
an
d
w
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i
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i
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3.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
M
O
DE
L
O
F
DATA T
RANSM
I
SS
I
O
N
I
N
P
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CAB
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A
cc
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d
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tele
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etr
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ata
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s
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a
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le
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ev
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R
es
u
lts
o
f
w
o
r
k
s
d
escr
ib
ed
f
o
r
m
er
l
y
i
n
[
7
]
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
m
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n
icatio
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lin
e
m
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MA
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s
h
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w
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o
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Fig
u
r
es 3
a
n
d
4
.
M
A
T
L
A
B
/S
i
m
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lin
k
s
i
m
u
latio
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en
v
ir
o
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e
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t i
s
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e
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f
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o
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tio
n
o
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et
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d
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t
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it
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ab
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y
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lo
c
k
lib
r
ar
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m
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lat
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o
f
p
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p
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[
9
-
1
1
]
.
Fig
u
r
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3
.
C
o
m
m
u
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i
m
u
latio
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m
o
d
el
w
it
h
r
eg
ar
d
to
th
e
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ig
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m
is
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h
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o
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T
h
e
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all
y
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i
v
id
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i
n
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t
wo
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.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ar
t
is
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e
s
p
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n
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h
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m
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F
ig
u
r
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3
)
.
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m
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ter
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g
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r
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4
)
.
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.
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n
s
o
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t
h
e
s
ig
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al
p
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y
s
ical
ele
m
e
n
t
to
b
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
i
n
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
li
n
e
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
s
p
e
cif
ic
d
etail
s
o
f
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
in
a
r
ea
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
14
2
3
–
14
3
1
1426
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
li
n
e
ar
e
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
o
n
s
i
m
u
lat
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
b
i
t
f
lo
w
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
a
n
ad
d
itiv
e
w
h
ite
Gau
s
s
ia
n
n
o
is
e
c
h
an
n
el
(
A
W
GN
ch
a
n
n
el)
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
o
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
in
clu
d
es
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
m
ai
n
b
lo
ck
s
:
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
w
it
h
th
e
b
i
n
ar
y
s
i
g
n
al
s
o
u
r
ce
,
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
li
n
e,
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
d
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
.
T
h
e
b
in
ar
y
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
o
u
r
ce
,
in
t
h
is
ca
s
e,
is
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
b
in
ar
y
s
i
n
g
le
-
d
i
g
it
n
u
m
b
er
s
,
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
w
h
ich
f
o
ll
o
w
s
t
h
e
B
er
n
o
u
ll
i
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
I
n
t
h
e
s
aid
m
o
d
el
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
0
o
r
1
is
s
et
as e
q
u
al
to
0
.
5
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
a
l
m
o
d
u
la
to
r
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
co
m
p
lex
o
f
b
lo
ck
s
f
u
n
ct
io
n
all
y
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
a
B
SP
K
m
o
d
u
latio
n
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
)
in
clu
d
es
th
e
Si
n
e
W
av
e
b
lo
ck
g
e
n
er
atin
g
s
i
n
e
h
ar
m
o
n
i
cs
u
s
ed
as
a
ca
r
r
ie
r
f
o
r
p
h
ase
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
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h
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
al
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
is
s
elec
te
d
as
6
k
Hz.
B
in
ar
y
d
ata
ar
e
cr
ea
ted
b
y
t
h
e
b
in
ar
y
n
u
m
b
er
g
en
er
ato
r
w
i
th
B
er
n
o
u
lli
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
(
B
er
n
o
u
lli
B
i
n
ar
y
Gen
er
ato
r
)
u
s
i
n
g
a
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
e
m
u
ltip
lier
b
u
ilt
o
n
Stack
,
S
w
i
tch
,
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o
u
n
t
er
L
i
m
ited
b
lo
ck
s
an
d
C
o
n
s
ta
n
t1
an
d
C
o
n
s
ta
n
t2
b
lo
ck
s
.
T
h
e
r
an
d
o
m
b
it
s
tr
ea
m
r
ate
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
th
e
el
ap
s
ed
ti
m
e
till
th
e
co
u
n
ter
o
v
er
f
lo
w
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
co
u
n
ter
o
v
er
f
lo
w
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i
g
n
al
i
s
g
en
er
ated
,
S
w
i
tch
1
tr
an
s
f
er
s
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
“
1
”
to
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
i
n
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
tac
k
r
eg
is
ter
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US
H.
A
t
t
h
at
m
o
m
en
t
th
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
d
ata
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
B
er
n
o
u
lli
b
in
ar
y
g
en
er
ato
r
ar
e
r
e
co
r
d
ed
in
to
th
e
s
tac
k
r
eg
is
ter
an
d
s
to
r
ed
t
h
er
e
til
l
th
e
en
tr
y
o
f
th
e
n
ex
t
p
er
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
i
g
n
al
in
to
th
e
P
USH
i
n
p
u
t.
T
h
er
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y
,
t
h
e
cr
ea
ted
g
en
er
ato
r
en
ab
les
to
s
i
m
u
late
a
s
tr
ea
m
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
b
in
ar
y
d
ata
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
b
au
d
r
ates.
T
o
s
i
m
u
la
te
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
n
u
m
b
er
g
en
er
ato
r
is
s
et
to
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
d
ata
w
it
h
d
ata
s
ize
o
f
1
0
2
4
b
its
w
it
h
t
h
e
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ate
o
f
3
0
0
b
its
p
er
s
ec
o
n
d
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
t
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
d
i
f
f
icu
l
t
ca
s
e
o
f
b
it
-
s
tr
ea
m
tr
an
s
f
er
r
in
g
in
v
ie
w
o
f
d
ata
r
eliab
ilit
y
i
s
t
h
e
tr
an
s
f
er
o
f
a
b
it
s
tr
ea
m
w
it
h
r
an
d
o
m
d
ata.
I
f
th
e
b
it
s
tr
ea
m
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
p
ac
k
ag
e
s
o
f
a
s
tr
ictl
y
d
eter
m
in
e
d
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
d
ata
r
ec
ei
v
in
g
ca
n
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
w
it
h
a
h
i
g
h
er
r
eliab
ilit
y
;
t
h
at
’
s
w
h
y
r
a
n
d
o
m
s
ig
n
al
s
w
il
l
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
ated
b
i
n
ar
y
d
ata
f
l
o
w
co
m
es
to
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
b
lo
ck
(
B
P
SK
Mo
d
u
lato
r
B
aseb
an
d
)
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
,
t
h
e
ca
r
r
ie
r
s
i
g
n
al
is
m
o
d
u
lated
u
s
i
n
g
“P
r
o
d
u
ct”
b
lo
ck
.
Sig
n
al
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
Si
m
u
li
n
k
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
m
o
d
el
i
n
to
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
f
o
r
m
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
a
co
n
tr
o
lled
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
.
Use
o
f
B
P
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
m
e
th
o
d
th
a
t
is
s
i
m
p
ler
in
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
w
i
th
QP
SK
an
d
8
-
P
SK
m
e
th
o
d
s
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
lo
w
e
r
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
f
o
r
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls
,
i
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
f
o
r
SNR
lev
el
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e.
T
h
u
s
,
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
[
1
2
]
,
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
u
s
i
n
g
B
P
SK
m
et
h
o
d
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
n
o
is
e
-
p
r
o
o
f
,
if
all
o
th
er
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
eq
u
al.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
B
it d
ata
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
m
o
d
el
in
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
li
n
es u
s
in
g
Ha
m
m
in
g
co
d
e
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al
d
e
m
o
d
u
la
to
r
u
s
ed
in
th
i
s
m
o
d
el
is
f
u
r
n
i
s
h
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
a
co
r
r
elativ
e
s
ch
e
m
e
(
Fig
u
r
e
3
)
.
T
h
is
s
ch
e
m
e
is
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
w
it
h
a
r
elati
v
el
y
ea
s
in
e
s
s
o
f
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m
p
le
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n
tat
io
n
an
d
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
d
etec
tio
n
q
u
al
it
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
E
r
r
o
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co
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r
ec
tin
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mis
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u
g
h
P
o
w
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es
(
A. V. Is
hch
enko
)
1427
lev
el
f
o
r
s
ig
n
als
w
i
th
B
P
SK
an
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m
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it
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t
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ased
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ltip
lier
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i
n
teg
r
ato
r
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T
h
e
d
em
o
d
u
lato
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(
Fig
u
r
e
3
)
h
as
f
o
llo
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i
n
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
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h
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in
co
m
i
n
g
s
i
g
n
al
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ec
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v
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f
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o
m
t
h
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m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
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is
co
n
v
er
s
ed
f
r
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m
a
p
h
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ica
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m
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li
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g
h
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lta
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r
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en
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n
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er
to
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en
te
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th
e
i
n
p
u
t o
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n
ar
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o
w
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a
n
d
f
i
lter
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alo
g
Fi
lter
Des
ig
n
1
.
T
h
e
f
ilter
i
s
e
x
ec
u
ted
as
8
-
t
h
B
u
tter
w
o
r
t
h
f
i
lter
.
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h
e
s
ig
n
al
f
r
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m
t
h
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ilter
e
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t
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er
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th
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ltip
lier
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d
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ct1
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er
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th
e
m
o
d
u
lated
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ig
n
al
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s
m
u
ltip
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i
n
to
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i
n
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s
o
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ar
m
o
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ic
s
w
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h
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f
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en
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a
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e
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r
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en
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r
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ier
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ig
n
al.
Af
ter
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u
ltip
licat
io
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h
e
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ig
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ter
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th
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n
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en
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n
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lter
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n
b
lo
ck
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h
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is
also
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ec
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ted
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-
t
h
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u
tter
w
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r
t
h
f
i
lter
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h
is
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ilt
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o
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te
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i
n
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r
ato
r
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h
en
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th
e
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ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
th
e
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ter
Desig
n
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it
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ta
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ized
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s
i
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p
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r
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m
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y
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b
s
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u
b
s
tr
ac
t,
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d
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r
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d
u
ct2
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d
Div
i
d
e
b
lo
ck
s
a
n
d
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al
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d
.
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r
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
t
h
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co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
li
n
e
m
o
d
els
w
i
th
o
u
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
d
in
g
,
w
ith
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m
m
i
n
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co
d
e,
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ee
d
-
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lo
m
o
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co
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d
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C
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d
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e
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esig
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s
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tio
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m
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g
u
r
e
4
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h
o
w
s
m
o
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el
s
p
er
f
o
r
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in
g
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ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
w
it
h
o
u
t
co
d
in
g
an
d
w
it
h
Ha
m
m
i
n
g
co
d
in
g
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
els
i
n
cl
u
d
e
A
W
GN
C
h
a
n
n
els
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
to
v
ar
y
lin
e
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
s
u
ch
as
SNR
i
n
d
B
an
d
s
ig
n
al
s
o
u
r
ce
ca
p
ac
it
y
.
B
o
th
m
o
d
el
s
co
n
tai
n
B
P
SK
m
o
d
u
la
to
r
s
an
d
d
em
o
d
u
lato
r
s
,
as
w
ell
as
m
ea
n
s
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
o
f
d
a
ta
tr
an
s
m
itted
.
4.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
4
.
1
.
T
ra
ns
m
i
s
s
io
n o
f
t
he
M
o
du
la
t
ed
Sig
na
l in P
o
w
er
Ca
bles
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
li
n
e
m
o
d
els
ac
co
r
d
in
g
F
ig
u
r
e
3
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
o
n
F
ig
u
r
e
5
as
a
B
o
d
e
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
d
iag
r
a
m
(
B
MD
)
an
d
a
p
h
ase
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
d
iag
r
a
m
(
P
FC
)
.
A
s
m
a
y
b
e
in
f
er
r
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
,
B
MD
an
d
P
FC
s
p
ec
tr
a
co
i
n
cid
e
w
it
h
r
es
u
lt
s
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
u
s
f
o
r
m
er
l
y
i
n
Mic
r
o
C
ap
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
[
1
]
al
m
o
s
t
co
m
p
letel
y
.
T
ak
in
g
i
n
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
t
h
at
s
i
m
u
l
atio
n
p
r
in
cip
les
in
Mic
r
o
C
ap
an
d
MA
T
L
A
B
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
t,
it
is
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
to
ass
ess
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lt
s
as
s
u
f
f
icie
n
tl
y
h
i
g
h
.
I
t
m
a
y
b
e
also
in
s
is
ted
th
at
t
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lts
d
escr
ib
e
a
r
ea
l
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
lin
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
f
o
r
DHT
S a
d
eq
u
atel
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
li
n
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
i
n
M
A
T
L
AB
.
T
h
e
d
iag
r
a
m
s
r
ep
r
esen
t B
o
d
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
(
u
p
p
er
)
an
d
p
h
ase
-
fr
eq
u
en
c
y
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
(
lo
w
er
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
14
2
3
–
14
3
1
1428
Fu
r
t
h
er
,
o
r
ig
i
n
o
f
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
in
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
li
n
e
i
s
an
al
y
ze
d
.
T
h
e
ca
r
r
ier
a
m
p
l
itu
d
e
f
o
r
a
n
in
co
m
i
n
g
s
ig
n
al
w
as
s
et
as
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
3
0
V
w
it
h
t
h
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
6
k
Hz;
w
h
er
ea
s
,
th
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
i
g
n
a
l
w
a
s
ap
p
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o
x
i
m
at
el
y
6
5
0
m
V.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
r
elativ
el
y
g
o
o
d
f
iltra
tio
n
an
d
s
i
g
n
a
l
a
m
p
li
f
icatio
n
t
h
er
e
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
an
ac
ce
p
tab
le
s
ig
n
al
-
n
o
i
s
e
r
atio
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
ta
g
e
is
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
b
it
s
tr
ea
m
t
r
an
s
f
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
lin
e
u
s
i
n
g
B
P
SK
m
o
d
u
l
atio
n
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
B
P
SK
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
b
it
s
ig
n
al
s
0
an
d
1
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
1
8
0
°
p
h
as
e
s
h
i
f
t
s
.
Fo
r
s
i
m
u
latio
n
t
h
e
a
m
p
litu
d
e
o
f
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
w
a
s
s
et
as
3
0
V,
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
al
w
as
s
et
a
s
6
.
2
k
Hz.
Af
ter
th
e
m
o
d
u
la
ted
B
P
SK
s
i
g
n
al
h
a
s
p
as
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
li
n
e,
i
t
en
ter
s
in
to
th
e
co
r
r
elativ
e
d
em
o
d
u
lato
r
(
Fig
u
r
e
3
)
.
T
h
e
r
o
u
te
o
f
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
ig
n
al
i
n
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
lin
e
is
s
h
o
w
n
o
n
Fi
g
.
6
in
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e
r
ec
o
r
d
s
o
b
tain
ed
in
Sco
p
e1
b
lo
ck
.
Fo
llo
w
i
n
g
s
i
g
n
al
s
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
o
n
t
h
ese
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e
r
ec
o
r
d
s
:
in
p
u
t
b
it
s
eq
u
en
ce
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
a)
,
b
it
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
at
d
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
’
s
o
u
tp
u
t
(
Fig
u
r
e
6
b
)
,
s
ig
n
al
o
n
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
li
n
e
o
u
tp
u
t a
n
d
d
em
o
d
u
lato
r
in
p
u
t (
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
c)
,
s
ig
n
a
l a
f
ter
f
il
tr
atio
n
b
y
t
h
e
n
ar
r
o
w
b
an
d
f
ilter
A
n
a
l
o
g
Fil
ter
Desi
g
n
1
(
b
lu
e,
Fig
u
r
e
6
d
)
,
an
d
s
i
g
n
al
at
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
lo
w
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
f
ilter
An
alo
g
Fil
ter
Desi
g
n
(
r
ed
,
Fig
u
r
e
6
d
)
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at,
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
in
teg
r
ati
n
g
ele
m
e
n
ts
in
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
p
ath
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
li
n
e,
lo
w
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
f
i
lter
)
,
as
w
ell
a
s
s
p
ec
i
f
i
cs
in
d
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
o
p
er
atio
n
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
i
g
n
a
l
is
s
li
g
h
t
l
y
d
ela
y
ed
,
b
u
t
t
h
is
d
ela
y
h
a
s
n
o
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
d
ata
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
co
r
r
ec
tn
es
s
.
Av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
a
tr
an
s
itio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
at
th
e
s
tar
t
o
f
s
i
m
u
latio
n
is
also
o
b
s
er
v
ed
.
T
r
an
s
itio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
av
ailab
ilit
y
ca
n
r
esu
l
t in
er
r
o
r
s
in
s
o
m
e
b
it
s
o
f
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
itted
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Oscill
o
s
co
p
e
r
ec
o
r
d
s
clar
if
y
i
n
g
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
p
at
h
in
t
h
e
DHT
S c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
li
n
e
m
o
d
el.
(
a)
in
p
u
t
b
it seq
u
en
ce
(
b
)
b
it seq
u
en
ce
at
d
em
o
d
u
lato
r
’
s
o
u
tp
u
t (
c)
s
i
g
n
al
o
n
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
lin
e
o
u
tp
u
t a
n
d
d
em
o
d
u
lato
r
in
p
u
t (
d
)
s
ig
n
al
a
f
ter
f
i
ltra
tio
n
b
y
t
h
e
n
ar
r
o
w
b
a
n
d
f
ilter
An
alo
g
F
ilter
Desi
g
n
1
(
b
lu
e)
an
d
s
ig
n
a
l
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t o
f
lo
w
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
f
ilter
A
n
a
l
o
g
Fil
ter
Desi
g
n
(
r
e
d
)
Fu
r
t
h
er
,
an
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
s
it
u
at
io
n
w
a
s
s
i
m
u
lated
,
w
h
e
n
a
p
h
ase
f
a
u
lt/i
m
b
ala
n
ce
o
cc
u
r
s
.
I
n
o
t
h
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
an
u
n
co
m
p
en
s
ated
al
ter
n
ati
n
g
SEM
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
lta
g
e
o
cc
u
r
s
in
a
n
e
u
tr
al
p
o
in
t
in
SEM
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
ts
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
as
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e
r
ec
o
r
d
s
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Up
o
n
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
ts
it
is
s
ee
n
th
at,
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
a
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
in
ter
f
er
e
n
c
e
w
ith
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
5
0
k
H
z
an
d
a
m
p
litu
d
e
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
tel
y
5
0
0
V,
a
1
8
0
°
p
h
ase
s
h
i
f
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
lated
s
ig
n
al
o
cc
u
r
s
at
t
h
e
m
o
m
e
n
t
o
f
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
co
m
m
u
tatio
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
tak
i
n
g
i
n
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
i
f
t
at
th
e
m
o
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
co
m
m
u
tatio
n
,
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ele
m
e
n
t
is
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
co
r
r
ec
tl
y
,
i
f
t
h
e
“
p
h
a
s
e
-
s
h
i
f
t
d
u
e
to
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
”
is
d
etec
ted
.
I
f
ti
m
e
m
o
m
e
n
ts
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
i
f
t
d
u
e
to
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
o
cc
u
r
s
ar
e
n
o
t
d
etec
ted
,
g
r
o
u
p
er
r
o
r
s
in
d
ata
r
ec
eiv
ed
th
er
e
m
a
y
a
r
is
e.
I
t
m
a
y
b
e
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
E
r
r
o
r
-
co
r
r
ec
tin
g
C
o
d
in
g
Usa
g
e
fo
r
Da
ta
Tr
a
n
s
mis
s
io
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
P
o
w
er Lin
es
(
A. V. Is
hch
enko
)
1429
ca
s
e
th
at
u
s
e
o
f
a
q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
w
ill
b
e
h
elp
f
u
l
i
n
a
v
o
id
in
g
s
u
ch
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
in
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
u
s
in
g
B
P
SK
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Oth
er
d
r
asti
c
s
o
l
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
b
lem
is
u
s
e
o
f
B
FS
K
m
o
d
u
latio
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
w
h
er
e
s
u
ch
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
w
i
th
s
ig
n
al
p
h
ase
-
s
h
i
f
t
s
d
o
n
o
t a
r
is
e.
As
o
n
e
ca
n
s
ee
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
,
i
f
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
p
h
a
s
e
-
s
h
i
f
t
is
o
m
i
tted
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
l
e,
in
ca
s
e
o
f
B
FS
K
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
s
ca
u
s
e
n
o
d
am
a
g
e
to
th
e
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
itte
d
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
e
f
f
icien
t
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
p
r
o
tectio
n
ag
ain
s
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
s
i
n
DHT
S
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
li
n
es
is
f
i
ltra
tio
n
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
r
eg
ar
d
,
th
e
A
W
GN
c
h
an
n
el
w
h
er
e
all
th
e
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
a
r
e
o
n
l
y
“w
h
ite
n
o
is
e”
w
a
s
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
o
f
s
ig
n
al
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
u
s
i
n
g
d
if
f
er
en
t e
r
r
o
r
-
c
o
r
r
ec
tin
g
co
d
es.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Oscill
o
s
co
p
e
r
ec
o
r
d
s
clar
if
y
i
n
g
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
p
at
h
in
t
h
e
DHT
S c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
li
n
e
m
o
d
el
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
a
n
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
s
i
g
n
al
(
a)
in
p
u
t b
it seq
u
e
n
ce
(
b
)
b
it seq
u
en
ce
at
d
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
’
s
o
u
tp
u
t (
c)
s
ig
n
al
w
it
h
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
o
n
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
li
n
e
o
u
tp
u
t a
n
d
d
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
in
p
u
t (
d
)
s
ig
n
al
af
ter
f
iltra
tio
n
b
y
th
e
n
ar
r
o
w
b
an
d
f
ilter
An
alo
g
Fil
te
r
Desig
n
1
(
b
lu
e)
an
d
s
ig
n
al
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t o
f
lo
w
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
f
i
lt
er
An
alo
g
F
ilter
Desig
n
(
r
ed
)
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
a
d
if
f
er
en
tia
l
b
it
-
p
h
a
s
e
m
a
n
ip
u
latio
n
(
DB
P
S
K)
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
p
r
o
tectio
n
ag
ai
n
s
t
“
p
h
a
s
e
-
s
h
i
f
t
d
u
e
to
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
”
ef
f
ec
t
s
.
T
h
e
d
is
tin
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
DB
P
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
m
eth
o
d
f
r
o
m
B
P
SK
co
n
s
is
ts
in
t
h
at
s
p
ec
ial
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
f
o
r
s
ig
n
al
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
h
all
b
e
u
s
ed
in
ca
s
e
o
f
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
b
y
th
e
B
P
SK
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
.
Su
c
h
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
in
co
h
er
en
t
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
d
ev
ices
)
d
o
n
o
t
m
a
tch
w
i
t
h
th
e
p
h
ase
o
f
t
h
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
i
g
n
a
l
o
n
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
id
e
an
d
,
th
er
e
f
o
r
e,
ca
n
n
o
t
d
etec
t
a
r
an
d
o
m
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t.
Dif
f
er
en
t
ial
e
n
co
d
er
s
an
d
d
ec
o
d
er
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
eli
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
i
n
co
h
er
e
n
t
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
.
T
h
ese
e
n
co
d
er
an
d
d
ec
o
d
er
ar
e
in
s
ta
lled
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
a
f
ter
B
P
SK
m
o
d
u
lato
r
an
d
d
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
,
r
es
p
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
ex
p
er
ien
ce
h
a
s
p
r
o
v
en
th
at
th
e
n
o
is
e
i
m
m
u
n
it
y
o
f
DB
P
SK
m
et
h
o
d
is
les
s
th
a
n
o
n
e
o
f
B
P
SK
m
et
h
o
d
d
u
e
to
er
r
o
r
m
u
l
tip
l
icatio
n
at
t
h
e
d
ec
o
d
in
g
s
ta
g
e.
4
.
2
.
Sp
ec
if
ic
Det
a
ils
o
f
I
nfo
r
m
a
t
i
o
n Sig
na
l Tra
ns
m
i
s
s
io
n in P
o
w
er
L
ines
As
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
ts
,
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
co
d
i
n
g
en
ab
les
to
w
ea
k
e
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
o
n
SN
R
f
o
r
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s
b
y
6
d
B
at
t
h
e
a
v
er
a
g
e.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
T
w
o
v
er
s
io
n
s
o
f
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
w
er
e
s
i
m
u
lated
w
ith
S
NR
s
5
d
B
an
d
1
d
B
.
A
s
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
h
as
p
r
o
v
en
,
in
ca
s
e
o
f
SNR
=
5
d
B
R
ee
d
-
So
lo
m
o
n
co
d
es
an
d
B
C
H
co
d
es
en
ab
le
to
co
r
r
ec
t
th
e
er
r
o
r
s
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
in
f
u
l
l.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
s
ize
o
f
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
itted
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
b
y
7
a
n
d
3
ti
m
es,
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
el
y
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
o
f
s
m
all
d
ata
ar
r
ay
s
s
u
ch
d
ata
s
ize
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
is
ac
ce
p
tab
le
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
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0
8
8
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8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
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Vo
l.
9
,
No
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3
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Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
14
2
3
–
14
3
1
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T
ab
le
1
.
Sim
u
latio
n
R
e
s
u
l
ts
f
o
r
Data
T
r
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
in
DHT
S C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
L
i
n
es
w
it
h
Di
f
f
er
en
t Co
d
i
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g
Me
th
o
d
s
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a
r
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r
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e
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/
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i
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i
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e
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d
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l
o
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o
n
c
o
d
e
B
C
H
c
o
d
e
N
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
b
i
t
s
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
t
t
e
d
i
n
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h
e
l
i
n
e
1
0
0
0
0
1
7
5
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
N
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
b
i
t
s
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
t
t
e
d
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
S
N
R
,
d
B
5
5
5
5
N
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
e
r
r
o
r
s
67
4
0
0
B
i
t
e
r
r
o
r
r
a
t
e
0
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7
0
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d
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N
u
m
b
e
r
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e
r
r
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r
s
585
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32
B
i
t
e
r
r
o
r
r
a
t
e
i
n
d
a
t
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r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
0
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0
5
8
5
0
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0
0
2
3
5
0
,
0
0
4
0
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0
0
3
2
Si
m
u
latio
n
o
f
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
A
W
GN
-
c
h
an
n
el
(
Fig
u
r
e
4
)
w
it
h
SN
R
=
1
d
B
h
as
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
in
cr
e
ases
b
y
a
n
o
r
d
er
o
f
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
m
o
r
e
(
s
ee
T
ab
le
1
)
.
T
h
er
eb
y
,
b
lo
ck
co
d
es (
R
ee
d
-
So
lo
m
o
n
a
n
d
B
C
H)
en
ab
le
t
o
co
r
r
ec
t
er
r
o
r
s
o
c
cu
r
r
ed
alm
o
s
t
in
f
u
ll.
I
t
is
also
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
T
ab
le
1
th
at
th
e
s
i
m
p
ler
Ha
m
m
in
g
co
d
e
ca
n
also
b
e
u
s
ed
s
u
cc
es
s
i
v
el
y
,
b
u
t
o
n
l
y
i
n
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
a
n
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
c
h
an
n
el,
i.e
.
a
ch
an
n
el
w
i
th
a
h
i
g
h
e
n
o
u
g
h
SN
R
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
,
t
y
p
es
o
f
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
i
n
DHT
S
co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
len
s
w
i
th
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
co
d
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
w
er
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
;
i
n
p
ar
tic
u
lar
,
a
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
o
f
th
e
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
ate
(
B
E
R
)
o
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
c
h
an
n
el
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
a
s
s
i
m
u
lated
.
Si
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lts
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
o
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
t
s
f
o
r
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
in
DHT
S c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
l
in
e
s
u
s
in
g
d
i
f
f
er
en
t si
g
n
al
co
d
in
g
m
e
th
o
d
s
(
le
f
t)
an
d
R
ee
d
-
So
lo
m
o
n
co
d
e
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
en
t p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
b
lo
ck
s
in
co
d
e
w
o
r
d
(
r
ig
h
t)
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
o
b
tai
n
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
u
s
i
n
g
co
n
v
o
l
u
t
io
n
al
co
d
es,
h
a
m
m
i
n
g
co
d
e,
an
d
R
ee
d
-
So
lo
m
o
n
co
d
e.
R
ee
d
-
So
lo
m
o
n
co
d
e
an
d
Ha
m
m
in
g
co
d
e
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
w
ith
a
n
o
p
tim
u
m
(
i
n
v
ie
w
o
f
n
o
is
e
i
m
m
u
n
it
y
)
r
atio
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
b
its
to
t
h
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
it
s
p
er
w
o
r
d
(
g
iv
e
n
i
n
b
r
ac
k
ets
o
n
t
h
e
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5
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
E.
J.
A
n
th
e
ro
n
,
“
A
p
p
a
ra
tu
s
f
o
r
tran
sm
it
ti
n
g
in
stru
m
e
n
tatio
n
sig
n
a
ls
o
v
e
r
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
d
u
c
to
rs
,
”
U.S
.
P
a
ten
t,
n
o
.
5
5
3
9
3
7
5
,
1
9
9
6
.
[2
]
O.
G
h
o
re
ish
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
h
a
se
-
to
-
P
h
a
se
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
Do
w
n
h
o
le
M
o
n
it
o
rin
g
T
o
o
l
De
sig
n
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
S
u
b
m
e
rsib
le
P
u
m
p
S
y
ste
m
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
stry
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
2
(3
)
,
p
p
.
2
0
7
7
-
2
0
8
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
]
T
h
.
T
ra
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Hig
h
-
Bit
ra
te
Do
w
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h
o
le
T
e
le
m
e
tr
y
S
y
ste
m
,
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in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
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EE
E
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
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a
l
S
y
mp
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si
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m
o
n
Po
we
r L
in
e
C
o
mm
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n
ica
ti
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s
a
n
d
Its
Ap
p
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c
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t
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s (
IS
PL
C
-
2
0
1
5
)
,
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
2
8
0
-
2
8
4
.
[4
]
J.
Ba
il
e
y
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Da
ta t
e
le
m
e
tr
y
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
m
u
lt
i
-
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
w
irelin
e
s,”
U.S
.
P
a
ten
t,
n
o
.
US
2
0
0
3
0
0
1
1
4
9
0
A
1
,
2
0
0
3
.
[5
]
K.
O.
Kh
o
k
h
lo
v
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
El
e
c
tri
c
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
a
w
id
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
lt
a
g
e
ra
n
g
e
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m (
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
is.
4
,
p
p
.
1
2
6
9
-
1
2
7
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
E.
S
.
T
ro
f
i
m
o
v
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Do
w
n
h
o
le
tele
m
e
tr
y
s
y
ste
m
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
c
a
lcu
latio
n
a
n
d
im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t”
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n
fer
e
n
c
e
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
,
v
o
l.
1
8
8
6
,
n
o
.
0
2
0
0
2
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[7
]
A
.
V
.
Ish
c
h
e
n
k
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
im
u
latio
n
o
f
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
li
n
e
f
o
r
d
o
w
n
h
o
le
tele
m
e
tr
y
s
y
ste
m
s,”
AIP
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
,
v
o
l.
1
7
6
7
,
n
o
.
0
2
0
0
4
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
[8
]
O.
O.
Ru
b
tso
v
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
u
b
m
e
rsib
le
tele
m
e
tr
y
s
y
ste
m
d
o
w
n
h
o
le
u
n
it
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
th
e
p
e
tro
leu
m
in
d
u
stry
,
”
AIP
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
,
v
o
l.
1
8
8
6
,
n
o
0
2
0
0
5
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[9
]
Y.
Be
n
sa
le
m
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
S
im
u
latio
n
o
f
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
to
r
b
a
se
d
o
n
F
i
n
it
e
El
e
m
e
n
t
A
n
a
l
y
sis,”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m (
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
1
0
0
-
1
1
0
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
0
]
M
.
Ja
n
n
a
ti
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
o
d
e
ll
in
g
o
f
a
3
-
P
h
a
se
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
to
r
u
n
d
e
r
Op
e
n
-
P
h
a
se
F
a
u
lt
Us
in
g
M
a
tl
a
b
/S
im
u
li
n
k
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
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n
d
Dr
ive
S
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ste
m (
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DS
)
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v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
6
-
1
1
5
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
M
d
R.
Am
in
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
o
d
e
ll
i
n
g
o
f
V
irt
u
a
l
S
y
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
Co
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
G
rid
-
In
v
e
rter
S
y
n
c
h
ro
n
iza
ti
o
n
in
M
icro
g
rid
s
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
3
7
7
-
1
3
8
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
I.
A
.
Ka
li
stra
to
v
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
im
u
la
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
m
u
lt
i
-
a
n
ten
n
a
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
w
it
h
th
e
s
p
a
c
e
-
ti
m
e
b
lo
c
k
c
o
d
in
g
,
”
M
o
d
e
rn
sc
ien
ti
f
ic re
se
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
i
n
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
s
,
No
.
6
,
p
p
.
4
-
1
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