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I
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o
r
th
e
lo
ad
ap
p
ea
r
s
in
s
er
ie
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
ta
n
k
,
h
er
e
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
tag
e
i
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
p
ar
allel
w
it
h
t
h
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
-
ta
n
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
T
h
e
s
er
ies
a
n
d
p
ar
allel
r
eso
n
an
t
co
n
v
er
ter
s
h
av
e
v
ar
io
u
s
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
.
I
n
s
e
r
ies
r
eso
n
an
t
co
n
v
er
ter
th
e
c
h
ar
g
in
g
v
o
lta
g
e
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
r
eg
u
l
ated
at
n
o
-
lo
ad
an
d
lig
h
t
-
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
p
ar
allel
r
eso
n
an
t
co
n
v
er
ter
,
cu
r
r
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
eso
n
an
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
i
s
r
elativ
el
y
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
lo
ad
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
th
e
s
er
ies
–
p
ar
allel
r
eso
n
an
t
co
n
v
er
ter
o
v
er
co
m
e
s
d
r
a
w
b
a
ck
s
o
f
s
er
ies,
p
ar
allel
r
eso
n
an
t
co
n
v
er
ter
s
w
h
ic
h
co
m
b
in
e
th
e
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
es
o
f
t
h
e
s
er
ies
a
n
d
p
ar
allel
co
n
v
er
ter
s
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
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ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
b
ased
h
alf
b
r
id
g
e
s
er
ies
-
p
ar
allel
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eso
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a
n
t
co
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r
ter
f
o
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er
y
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h
ar
g
er
w
i
th
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
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n
tr
o
ller
w
h
ic
h
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as
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g
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,
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m
p
le
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n
p
r
o
to
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t
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e
h
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r
d
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ar
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id
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Ser
ies
-
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ar
allel
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n
an
t
C
o
n
v
er
ter
(
HB
SP
R
C
)
to
p
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y
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n
d
it
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s
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er
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o
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m
a
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ce
s
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v
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b
ee
n
r
ep
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r
ted
in
d
etail.
2
.
CO
NVERT
E
R
T
O
P
O
L
O
G
Y
I
n
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
s
y
s
te
m
,
t
h
e
r
ec
tif
ied
s
u
p
p
l
y
is
d
ir
ec
tl
y
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
b
atter
y
c
h
ar
g
e
r
cir
cu
it
w
h
ic
h
is
a
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
o
f
HB
SP
R
C
a
n
d
r
ec
tif
ier
.
T
h
e
r
ec
tifie
d
o
u
tp
u
t
is
f
il
ter
ed
th
e
n
it
is
g
iv
e
n
to
a
b
atter
y
ch
ar
g
er
cir
cu
it.
B
u
t
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
,
D
C
s
o
u
r
ce
is
r
ep
lace
d
b
y
a
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
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y
s
te
m
w
h
ich
h
a
s
co
n
s
ta
n
t
o
u
tp
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t
v
o
ltag
e
w
it
h
v
o
lta
g
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
co
n
tr
o
lle
r
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
b
a
tter
y
c
h
ar
g
er
w
it
h
HB
SP
R
C
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
a
Half
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
ter
,
a
r
eso
n
an
t
ta
n
k
cir
cu
it,
a
v
o
ltag
e
-
d
r
iv
e
n
r
ec
ti
f
ier
an
d
a
L
C
f
ilter
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
B
atter
y
C
h
ar
g
er
C
ir
cu
it T
o
p
o
lo
g
y
W
h
er
e
L
S
,
C
S
,
C
P
r
ep
r
esen
t
r
eso
n
an
t
in
d
u
cto
r
,
s
er
ies
r
e
s
o
n
an
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
an
d
p
ar
allel
r
eso
n
an
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
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t
wo
ca
p
ac
ito
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s
,
C
1
a
n
d
C
2
,
s
p
lit
th
e
i
n
p
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t
v
o
lta
g
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t
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SP
V
s
y
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te
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e
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n
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its
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al
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e
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h
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ld
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lar
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e.
T
h
e
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al
f
b
r
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in
v
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b
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S
1
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2
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.
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f
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E
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an
d
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b
o
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1
0
]
.
T
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w
itc
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GS
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P
as
in
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p
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r
eso
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co
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v
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ter
[
1
]
.
Hen
ce
it
is
ca
lled
s
er
ies
-
p
ar
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r
eso
n
an
t
co
n
v
er
ter
.
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h
e
ap
p
lied
s
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p
p
l
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v
o
lta
g
e
to
r
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an
t
ta
n
k
cir
cu
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t
i
s
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A
o
r
–
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A
d
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g
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w
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S
1
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s
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2
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s
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n
.
L
O
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C
O
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r
ese
n
t
s
f
i
lter
in
d
u
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r
an
d
f
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ca
p
ac
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r
r
esp
ec
tiv
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y
w
h
ich
p
er
f
o
r
m
as a
lo
w
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f
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tp
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n
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n
d
R
O
r
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t
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r
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ti
v
e
lo
ad
.
2
.
1
M
o
des
o
f
O
pera
t
io
n
T
h
e
s
tead
y
s
tate
o
p
er
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n
o
f
HB
SP
R
co
n
v
er
ter
ch
ar
g
in
g
cir
cu
it i
n
o
n
e
s
w
itc
h
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p
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d
s
ar
e
d
iv
id
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in
to
f
o
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r
m
o
d
es a
n
d
it
h
ad
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
d
etail
[
1
]
an
d
[
1
0
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2
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2
.
Desig
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a
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bridg
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-
P
a
ra
llel R
eso
na
nt
Co
nv
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t
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T
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d
esig
n
p
r
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in
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[
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d
[
1
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n
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h
as
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ts
,
in
p
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t
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in
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atter
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I
o
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4
A
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to
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,
r
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n
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t
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r
eq
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en
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o
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k
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d
s
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tch
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n
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f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
w
s
=
8
7
k
Hz[
1
0
]
.
3
.
SI
M
UATI
UO
N
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
A
NALY
SI
S
T
h
e
o
p
en
lo
o
p
s
im
u
latio
n
s
t
u
d
y
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f
Hal
f
b
r
id
g
e
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s
p
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r
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co
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h
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s
i
m
u
late
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Ma
tlab
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m
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s
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s
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d
p
r
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t
ed
in
[
1
0
]
,
Fro
m
th
e
r
esu
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s
,
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w
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ter
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s
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9
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A
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u
tp
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t p
o
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r
ea
s
es [
1
0
]
.
3
.
1
.
F
uzzy
L
o
g
ic
Co
ntr
o
ller
I
m
ple
m
ent
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
clo
s
ed
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o
p
co
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tr
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l
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f
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as
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co
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cir
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it.
T
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p
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it
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ated
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eq
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s
w
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d
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.
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n
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n
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n
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n
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n
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n
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a
s
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n
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is
c
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s
s
e
d
.
T
w
o
i
n
p
u
t
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
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co
n
tr
o
ller
is
d
esig
n
ed
w
it
h
er
r
o
r
an
d
ch
an
g
e
in
er
r
o
r
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
HB
SP
R
C
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
f
u
zz
y
s
u
r
f
ac
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
a
n
d
T
ab
le.
1
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
r
u
le
b
ase
o
f
d
esig
n
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
s
tead
y
/tra
n
s
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PEDS
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8
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.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Yin
g
-
Ch
u
n
Ch
u
a
n
g
,
Y
u
-
L
u
n
g
Ke
,
Hu
n
g
-
S
h
ian
g
Ch
u
a
n
g
a
n
d
Yu
-
M
in
C
h
e
n
A
n
a
ly
sis
a
n
d
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
Ha
lf
Brid
g
e
se
ries
-
P
a
ra
ll
e
l
Co
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
Ba
tt
e
r
y
Ch
a
rg
e
rs
"
IEE
E
In
d
u
stria
l
a
n
d
Co
mm
e
rc
ia
l
Po
we
r
sy
ste
ms
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
1
-
11
.
[2
]
Y.
Ja
n
g
a
n
d
M
.
M
.
J
o
v
a
n
o
v
i,
“
A
c
o
n
tac
tl
e
ss
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
e
rg
y
tra
n
sm
issio
n
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
p
o
rtab
le
-
tele
p
h
o
n
e
b
a
tt
e
ry
c
h
a
rg
e
rs”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
El
e
c
t
ro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
5
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
0
3
,
p
p
.
5
2
0
–
5
2
7
.
[3
]
J.
H.
Ch
o
i,
J.
M
.
Kw
o
n
,
J.
H.
Ju
n
g
,
a
n
d
B.
H.
Kw
o
n
,
“
Hig
h
-
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
n
li
n
e
UP
S
u
sin
g
th
re
e
-
leg
-
ty
p
e
c
o
n
v
e
rter,”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
In
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
5
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
0
5
,
p
p
.
8
8
9
–
8
9
7
.
[4
]
T
.
S
.
M
u
n
d
ra
a
n
d
A
.
Ku
m
a
r,
“
A
n
in
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
b
a
tt
e
ry
c
h
a
rg
e
r
fo
r
sa
f
e
c
h
a
rg
in
g
o
f
NiM
H/NiCd
b
a
tt
e
ries
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
C
o
n
s
u
m.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
5
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
0
7
[5
]
F
.
Bo
ic
o
,
B.
L
e
h
m
a
n
,
a
n
d
K.
S
h
u
jae
e
,
“
S
o
lar
b
a
tt
e
ry
c
h
a
rg
e
rs
f
o
r
NiM
H
b
a
tt
e
ries
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
6
0
0
–
1
6
0
9
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
0
7
,
p
p
.
1
0
4
4
–
1
0
5
2
.
[6
]
S
.
J.
Ch
ian
g
,
H.
J.
S
h
ieh
,
a
n
d
M
.
C.
Ch
e
n
,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
P
V
c
h
a
rg
e
r
s
y
ste
m
w
it
h
S
EP
IC
c
o
n
v
e
rter,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
6
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
No
v
.
2
0
0
9
,
p
p
.
4
3
4
4
–
4
3
5
3
.
[7
]
Y.
C.
Ch
u
a
n
g
,
Y.
L
.
Ke
,
H.
S
.
Ch
u
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
H.
K.
Ch
e
n
,
“
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
a
n
i
m
p
ro
v
e
d
se
r
ie
s
-
lo
a
d
e
d
re
so
n
a
n
t
DC
–
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
a
b
o
v
e
re
so
n
a
n
c
e
f
o
r
b
a
tt
e
r
y
c
h
a
rg
e
rs,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
A
p
p
l
.
,
v
o
l.
4
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
M
a
y
/Ju
n
.
2
0
0
9
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
2
–
1
0
5
9
.
[8
]
Rica
rd
o
Ba
rre
ro
,
Jo
e
ri
V
a
n
M
ierl
o
&
P
h
il
ip
p
e
L
a
taire
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
Bi
-
d
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
S
e
ries
Re
so
n
a
n
t
Co
n
v
e
rter as
P
e
a
k
P
o
w
e
r
Un
it
in
Hy
b
rid
El
e
c
tri
c
Ve
h
icle
s”
,
IEE
E
in
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
ICIT
),
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
1
1
0
2
–
1
1
0
7
[9
]
P
ier
o
P
Bo
n
isso
n
e
,
P
ra
tap
.
S
Kh
e
d
k
a
r,
M
ich
a
e
l
J
S
h
a
tt
e
n
,
”
F
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
re
so
n
a
n
t
c
o
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
p
o
w
e
r
su
p
p
ly
”
,
Ge
n
e
ra
l
El
e
c
tric Co
o
p
e
ra
te R
e
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
S
c
h
e
n
e
c
ta
d
y
,
Ne
w
Yo
rk
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
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b
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2
0
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7
:
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–
163
0
1630
[1
0
]
Ra
k
h
i
K,
Ilan
g
o
.
K,
M
a
n
ju
n
a
t
h
H
V
a
n
d
M
a
n
j
u
la
G
N
a
ir,
“
S
imu
latio
n
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
H
a
lf
Brid
g
e
S
e
ries
P
a
ra
ll
e
l
Re
so
n
a
n
t
C
o
n
v
e
rter
b
a
se
d
Ba
tt
e
r
y
Ch
a
rg
e
r
f
o
r
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
y
st
e
m
”
,
IEE
E
-
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Po
we
r
a
n
d
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
:
T
o
wa
r
d
s S
u
sta
in
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
(
PE
S
T
S
E2
0
1
4
)
,
M
a
rc
h
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
1
]
A
s
e
p
Nu
g
ro
h
o
,
Esti
k
o
Ri
jan
to
,
a
n
d
L
a
ti
f
Ro
z
a
q
i
“
Bu
c
k
Co
n
v
e
rt
e
r
Co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
L
e
a
d
A
c
id
Ba
tt
e
ry
Ch
a
rg
e
r
u
sin
g
P
e
a
k
Cu
rre
n
t
M
o
d
e
”
In
t.
J
.
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
Dr
ive
S
y
st.,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
2
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
6
8
6
-
6
9
4
.
[1
2
]
A
.
El
a
m
a
th
y
*
,
G
.
V
ij
a
y
a
g
o
w
ri,
V
.
Niv
e
th
a
.
“
Bid
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
Ba
tt
e
ry
Ch
a
rg
e
r
f
o
r
P
V
Us
i
n
g
In
terle
a
v
e
d
F
o
u
rp
o
rt
DC
-
DC Co
n
v
e
rter
”,
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
V
o
l.
1
4
,
No
.
3
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
4
2
8
–
4
3
3
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Ra
k
h
i
K
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
se
rv
e
s
a
s
A
s
si
sta
n
t
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
in
th
e
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
P
a
y
y
a
n
n
u
r.
S
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
M
.
T
e
c
h
(P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
)
f
ro
m
Am
rit
a
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Be
n
g
a
lu
ru
Ca
m
p
u
s
,
A
m
rit
a
V
ish
w
a
V
id
y
a
p
e
e
th
a
m
,
Am
rit
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
in
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
4
.
S
h
e
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
e
r
B.
T
e
c
h
De
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
T
rik
a
ip
u
r
,
CUSAT
,
Ke
ra
l
a
.
S
in
c
e
2
0
1
4
s
h
e
is
a
ss
o
c
iate
d
w
it
h
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
P
a
y
y
a
n
n
u
r.
Dr.
Ilan
g
o
K.
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
s
e
rv
e
s
a
s
A
s
sista
n
t
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
in
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
A
m
r
it
a
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
,
Am
rit
a
p
u
ri
Ca
m
p
u
s.
Dr.
Ila
n
g
o
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
De
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Am
rit
a
V
ish
w
a
V
id
y
a
p
e
e
th
a
m
,
Am
ri
ta
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Am
rit
a
p
u
ri
Ca
m
p
u
s
in
A
u
g
u
st
2
0
1
6
.
He
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
tea
c
h
in
g
1
2
y
e
a
rs
f
o
r
u
n
d
e
r
g
ra
d
u
a
te
a
n
d
p
o
st
g
ra
d
u
a
te
c
o
u
rse
s
a
n
d
p
re
se
n
tl
y
h
e
is
w
it
h
Am
rit
a
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(Am
rit
a
p
u
ri
Ca
m
p
u
s),
Am
rit
a
V
ish
w
a
V
id
y
a
p
e
e
th
a
m
.
He
is
a
n
a
c
t
iv
e
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
IEE
E
a
n
d
a
li
fe
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
IS
T
E.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
s,
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le
En
e
r
g
y
S
o
u
rc
e
s
&
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
ty
,
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
Driv
e
s an
d
Co
n
tro
l
,
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
&
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
Dr.
M
a
n
ju
la
G
.
Na
ir
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
e
r
P
h
D
i
n
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
f
ro
m
th
e
In
d
ian
In
stit
u
te
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
De
lh
i,
in
2
0
0
7
.
He
r
d
isse
rtatio
n
w
a
s
o
n
‘
S
h
u
n
t
A
c
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
F
il
teri
n
g
f
o
r
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
ty
I
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t’.
Dr.
M
a
n
ju
la
G
Na
ir
h
a
s
g
u
id
e
d
se
v
e
ra
l
B.
T
e
c
h
a
n
d
M
.
T
e
c
h
re
se
a
rc
h
p
ro
jec
ts.
S
h
e
h
a
s
a
lso
g
u
i
d
e
d
tw
o
P
h
.
D
st
u
d
e
n
ts
in
th
e
a
re
a
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
ty
Im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
s.
S
h
e
h
a
s
to
h
e
r
c
re
d
it
,
a
th
re
e
y
e
a
r
f
u
n
d
e
d
re
se
a
rc
h
p
ro
jec
t
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
Yo
u
n
g
S
c
ien
t
i
st
F
a
st
T
ra
c
k
S
c
h
e
m
e
sp
o
n
so
re
d
b
y
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(DST
-
S
ERC),
M
in
istry
o
f
Hu
m
a
n
Re
so
u
rc
e
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
(M
HRD
),
G
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
o
f
In
d
ia,
w
h
ich
sh
e
c
o
m
p
lete
d
in
2
0
1
2
a
n
d
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
p
ro
jec
t
f
u
n
d
e
d
b
y
Am
rit
a
,
Et
ti
m
a
d
a
i
c
a
m
p
u
s,
c
o
m
p
lete
d
in
2
0
0
8
.
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