In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
3, S
ep 2019,
pp.
1
3
2
9
~1
3
3
8
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
3.pp1329-1338
1329
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
High performance PV system base
d on artificial ne
u
ral network
MPPT with PI controller fo
r direct current water pump
applications
Hu
ssain
A
. Attia
Depart
m
e
n
t
o
f Electri
cal, El
e
c
t
r
o
n
ics
& Co
mm
u
n
icat
io
n
s
En
g
i
n
eer
in
g,
A
m
e
rican
U
n
i
versit
y
of
R
a
s
A
l
Kh
aim
a
h,
United Arab
E
mi
rates
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
Dec
2
1
,
2
018
Re
vise
d F
e
b 22,
201
9
Ac
ce
p
t
ed
M
ar 2
3
,
2
019
Th
is
p
aper
p
res
e
n
t
s
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w
desi
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f
a
s
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ppl
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h
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em
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s
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o
ntrol
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by
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artif
ic
i
a
l
neu
r
al
n
etwo
rks
(A
NN)
a
lgorithm
with
f
unct
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o
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sof
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ing
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h
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oi
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ign
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o
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pp
ly
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w
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o the wa
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mp
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esi
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erm
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g
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ATLA
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esu
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n
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anal
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re
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e
r.
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e
s
tu
d
y
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on
clu
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co
nfirms
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h
e
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ffe
ct
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o
f
t
he
p
ropo
sal
as a
s
u
c
ces
sf
ul sys
tem f
o
r practical
a
p
p
licat
ions.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
ANN
DC-DC converter
MATLAB/S
i
mulink
MPP
T
P
I
contro
l
l
er
P
o
w
e
r r
e
quire
m
e
nt
PV
a
rray
S
t
anda
lone
P
V
system
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Hussain Atti
a
,
Elec
tric
a
l
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics &
Com
m
unica
ti
on
En
g
i
ne
eri
n
g D
e
pt.
,
A
m
erica
n
U
niver
s
i
t
y o
f
Ras
A
l
K
h
aima
h ,
R
a
s Al K
h
a
imah, 10021,
UA
E.
Em
ail:
l
s
nt
l@c
c
u.
edu.
t
w
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
D
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e
to
t
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f
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lt
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ty
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o
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r
m
s,
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. P
ho
tov
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c
(
P
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lar e
n
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gy t
o
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ect
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r
re
nt e
l
ect
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ca
l
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r
.
T
h
e
PV
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a
n
e
l pr
od
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d
el
ect
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i
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ty
is
a
f
f
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te
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ch
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t
e
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e
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ls.
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e
s
e
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e
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e
ls
a
re
f
l
u
ct
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a
t
e
t
h
e
i
n
st
ant
a
neo
u
s
out
p
u
t
p
ow
er
o
f
th
e
PV
p
a
n
e
l
.
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e
h
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rve
s
t
e
d
p
ower
f
rom
t
h
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PV
p
an
e
l
i
s
a
f
f
e
ct
e
d
po
si
ti
ve
ly
b
y
the
i
r
ra
di
anc
e
w
h
i
le
a
f
f
e
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t
e
d
ne
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t
i
ve
ly
b
y
t
h
e
a
mb
i
e
n
t
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
[
1-
4].
The
PV
p
a
n
e
l
co
n
t
ent
s
a
m
a
t
rix
o
f
bas
i
c
s
olar un
i
t whi
c
h i
s
a
so
l
a
r
cell
,
t
h
es
e ce
l
l
s
are
c
o
nn
ec
ti
ng
i
n
s
e
ri
e
s
a
n
d
/
o
r
i
n p
a
ra
ll
el
ba
se
d
on
t
he
r
e
quire
d
spe
c
if
ic
ati
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
a
ne
l.
I
n
o
t
he
r
w
ord
s
,
to
i
nc
re
a
s
e
t
h
e
l
e
ve
l
of
p
a
n
e
l
’s
out
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
ge
,
t
h
e
num
b
e
r
of
s
eri
a
ll
y
c
onn
e
c
te
d
ce
l
l
s
w
i
ll
b
e
in
c
r
eas
e
d
w
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e
r
e
a
s
t
o
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n
c
r
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a
s
e
t
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e
v
e
l
o
f
p
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n
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l
’
s
out
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t
c
u
r
r
ent
,
t
he
n
u
m
ber
of
p
a
r
a
l
le
l
c
o
nnec
t
e
d
c
e
l
l
s
w
ill
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e
in
creas
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Due
to
t
h
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n
on
-line
a
r
it
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of
t
h
e
s
ol
a
r
p
o
w
e
r
r
e
s
pon
se
d
u
r
i
ng
the
f
luc
t
ua
tio
n
in
t
he
w
e
a
t
h
e
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
Pow
El
ec &
D
ri
S
yst
,
Vol
.
10,
N
o.
3
, Se
p
2
019 :
1329
–
133
8
1
330
co
n
d
iti
on
s [5-6], i
n gr
id co
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
a
nd st
an
dal
o
n
e
PV
syst
em
s
,
m
a
n
y
al
g
ori
t
hm
s an
d
t
e
c
h
ni
q
u
e
s
a
r
e
pro
po
se
d
i
n
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
a
t
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
i
n
t
M
P
P
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
[
6
-
21]
.
In
[
6-
10]
,
di
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
M
P
P
T
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
are
rev
i
ewed
i
n
[6
],
w
he
re
a
s
d
i
f
fe
re
n
t
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
C
onstan
t
V
o
l
t
age
(CV),
P
e
r
t
u
r
b
&
Ob
ser
v
e
(
P
&
O
)
,
Inc
r
e
m
e
n
ta
l
C
ondu
ct
anc
e
(
I
C
),
a
n
d
sho
r
t
c
i
rc
u
i
t
cu
rre
n
t
a
r
e
pr
o
po
se
d
to
h
a
r
vest
h
ig
h
p
o
we
r
by
g
ua
ra
nte
e
i
n
g
th
e M
P
P
wo
rk c
ondi
ti
o
n
s o
f
a
P
V
pa
n
e
l
/
mat
r
ix
.
D
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
s
l
o
w
t
r
ack
i
ng,
t
he
l
o
w
r
ob
us
t
n
ess,
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
s
c
il
l
a
t
e
d
re
sp
on
se
o
f
the
a
b
ove
a
lg
o
r
i
t
h
m
s,
Fuzz
y
L
o
gi
c
Contr
o
l
l
e
r
s
(FL
C
)
w
a
s
pr
opo
se
d
in
[
1
1
-17]
t
o
h
a
ve
b
e
t
t
e
r
M
P
P
T
f
u
n
c
t
ioni
n
g
t
hr
o
ugh
t
h
e
h
ig
her
ro
b
u
s
t
n
e
ss a
n
d fa
st
t
r
acki
n
g
res
p
ons
e.
A
fast
an
d acc
u
r
at
e
re
sp
ons
e
of
f
uzz
y
lo
g
i
c
con
t
roll
e
r
F
LC is
pres
en
t
e
d
b
a
s
e
d
on
s
e
nso
r
l
e
ss
m
et
ho
dol
o
g
y
in
[
1
1
].
I
n
[
12]
,
F
L
C
s
u
p
por
ts
t
h
e
H
i
ll
-C
li
mb
i
n
g
al
g
o
ri
th
m
t
o
h
a
v
e
be
tt
e
r
p
e
rfo
rm
an
ce
of
M
P
P
T
.
Th
e
m
e
m
b
e
rsh
i
p
ef
fe
c
t
s
of
i
npu
t
and
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
a
r
ia
ble
s
o
n
t
h
e
e
f
fe
cti
v
en
ess
o
f
t
h
e
F
LC
pe
rfor
m
a
n
c
e
a
re
s
ho
wn
i
n
[
1
3-
14]
.
Wh
er
ea
s
the
st
u
d
i
e
s
o
f
[
13
-15
]
w
e
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
s
t
a
b
l
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
re
spon
se
a
nd
f
a
s
te
r tra
c
k
i
ng
f
unc
t
i
on
th
r
ou
g
h
t
he
FLC co
n
t
r
olle
rs.
Ma
ch
ine
le
ar
n
i
ng
alg
o
r
i
t
h
ms
a
re
p
r
opo
se
d
i
n
[
18
-21]
t
h
r
o
ugh
t
h
e
A
r
t
if
ic
i
a
l
Neu
r
a
l
N
et
wor
k
(
ANN)
t
o
g
u
a
r
a
nt
e
e
b
e
t
t
e
r
M
P
P
T
f
u
n
c
t
i
on
i
ng.
E
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
P
V
syst
e
m
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
AN
N
g
u
a
r
ante
es
t
h
e
v
e
r
y
fast
r
es
p
ons
e
duri
n
g
the
va
ri
a
tio
n of
t
he
cl
i
m
a
t
e
st
at
u
s
.
In
o
t
h
er
s
t
u
d
i
es,
a
sta
nda
lo
ne
P
V
sys
t
e
m
s
i
s
r
e
p
re
se
nti
n
g
f
o
r
r
e
m
ote
fa
r
m
s
ap
pl
i
c
ati
o
n
s
a
s
an
ef
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
al
te
rn
at
iv
e
to
r
ep
lac
e
th
e
grid
con
n
e
c
t
e
d
sy
st
e
m
.
At
th
e
s
a
m
e t
i
m
e
, t
h
es
e sy
st
e
m
s a
r
e
ad
opt
i
n
g
t
h
e
di
re
c
t
c
urre
nt
e
lec
t
ri
ca
l
l
o
a
d
s
to
r
ed
u
c
e
the
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
c
o
m
p
le
x
i
t
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
c
a
n
c
e
l
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
e
e
d
s
o
f
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
n
g
cu
rr
e
n
t
it
e
m
s
su
c
h
a
s
D
C
t
o
AC
i
n
v
e
r
t
er
,
l
o
w
or
h
i
g
h
or
d
e
r
fi
l
t
e
r
(
L
,
L
C
,
L
C
L
,
o
r
L
L
C
L
f
i
l
t
e
r
)
,
a
n
d
i
n
su
l
a
ti
o
n
/
s
t
e
p u
p
t
r
ans
f
orm
e
r
,
a
s
t
h
e
s
e
it
e
m
s a
r
e
n
eces
sa
ry
in
t
he
gr
i
d
t
i
ed
s
yst
e
m [
2
2
-
23]
.
This
p
a
p
e
r
f
oc
use
s
on
t
h
e
c
h
al
len
g
e
of
s
u
p
p
lyi
ng
ele
c
tric
i
t
y
t
o
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
r
p
u
m
p
s
i
n
t
h
e
r
e
m
o
t
e
f
a
r
m
s
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
P
V
s
ys
t
e
m,
h
ow
g
u
a
ran
t
e
e
i
n
g
the
MP
P
T
w
o
r
ki
ng
c
on
di
ti
o
n
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
a
r
t
i
f
i
ci
al
n
e
u
r
a
l
ne
tw
ork
(AN
N
) al
g
o
ri
t
h
m, wi
t
h
soft
e
ni
ng
t
he
s
y
s
t
e
m
pe
rf
or
ma
nc
e
th
rou
g
h
PI
c
on
troll
e
r
.
The
pape
r
re
ma
inin
g
i
s
a
rra
n
g
e
d
a
s
f
o
l
l
o
w
s:
T
he
d
eta
i
l
s
o
f
p
o
we
r
re
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
t
o
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
r
p
u
m
p
a
r
e
sho
w
n
in
S
e
c
tion
II
. T
h
e
p
r
opo
sed
PV
s
yste
m
d
e
sc
ri
p
t
i
o
n
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
A
N
N
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
e
d
P
V
a
r
r
a
y
w
i
t
h
i
t
s
I
-
V
a
n
d
P
-
V
c
u
r
v
e
s
a
l
l
a
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
S
e
c
t
i
o
n
I
I
I
.
I
n
S
e
c
t
i
o
n
I
V
,
s
i
m
u
l
a
tio
n
r
e
su
lts
w
i
t
h
a
n
a
l
ys
is
a
re
s
h
o
w
n
a
nd e
xpl
a
i
ne
d
, whe
rea
s
t
he
s
u
m
ma
ry
o
f the
c
onc
lu
de
d
p
o
int
s
i
s s
ho
wn
i
n
S
e
c
t
i
o
n
V
.
2.
POWER
RE
QUIREMEN
T
S
FOR WA
T
ER PUM
P’
S
DC
M
O
T
OR
W
a
te
r
pu
m
p
o
f
d
i
r
ect
c
urre
n
t
m
ot
or
o
f
f
er
s
sim
p
le
s
yst
e
m
wi
t
h
l
o
w
c
o
s
t
c
o
m
pare
d
to
t
he
a
lte
rn
ati
n
g
m
o
t
o
r
b
a
s
e
d
pu
mp
s
yst
e
m.
I
n
a
d
d
iti
o
n
,
the
sys
t
em
o
f
a
p
e
rm
an
e
n
t
m
ag
n
e
t
D
C
(
P
M
D
C
)
m
o
t
o
r
i
s
m
or
e
rel
i
a
bl
e,
a
nd
l
ow
i
t
e
ms
n
um
ber
requ
i
r
ed
c
o
m
p
a
red
t
o
t
h
e
A
C
p
u
m
p
s
yst
e
m
.
I
n
A
C
p
um
p
b
a
se
d
P
V
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
a
n
i
nve
rte
r
,
a
hi
g
h
or
d
e
r
f
i
l
t
e
r
a
n
d
a
n
in
su
la
t
i
on
s
t
e
p
up
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
m
e
r
al
l
ar
e
n
e
ed
e
d
t
h
a
t
i
s
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
t
o
com
p
l
i
c
a
t
e
t
he
s
ys
t
e
m
a
s
w
ell
a
s
i
n
c
rease
th
e
o
v
e
rall
sy
s
t
e
m
c
o
st
[
2
4
-2
5
]
.
The
rate
d
pow
er
o
f
50
0
Wa
tt
i
s
ado
p
t
ed
f
or
t
h
e
s
e
l
ecte
d
P
M
D
C
m
o
t
o
r
i
n
t
his
pa
p
e
r,
i
n
a
ddi
ti
o
n
t
o
t
he
m
axim
um
w
orki
ng
h
ours
d
u
rin
g
t
he
day
t
i
min
g
r
eac
hes
t
o
5
h
our
s
a
n
d
dur
ing
the
n
i
gh
t
t
i
mi
n
g
a
l
s
o
r
eac
hes
to
5
h
o
u
rs.
In
o
t
h
er
w
ords,
t
h
e
to
ta
l
numbe
r
of
d
ai
ly
w
or
k
ho
urs
re
ache
s
t
o
10
h
ours.
T
he
d
eta
i
l
s
o
f
th
e
re
q
u
i
r
ed
W
at
t
hou
r
power
per
day
for
the
pro
pose
d
w
ate
r
pumpi
n
g
s
yst
e
m
ar
e
show
n
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
1
.
Ba
sed
o
n
t
h
e
fa
ct
o
f
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
s
o
l
a
r
e
n
e
rg
y
c
onversi
on
w
ill
be
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
red
d
u
ri
n
g
t
h
e
5
h
o
u
rs
o
n
l
y
o
f
d
ay
t
i
m
i
n
g,
a
n
d
b
as
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
b
a
t
t
e
ry
b
a
nk
of
4
8
V
of
10
0
A
H
,
a
nd
the
se
lec
t
ed
p
ow
er
o
f
the
D
C
m
otor
o
f
5
0
0
W
,
so
t
he
P
V
a
r
ra
y
is
d
e
s
i
g
ne
d
to
b
e
ab
le
t
o
p
r
od
u
c
e
≈1
000
W
t
h
at
t
o
u
s
e
a
h
a
l
f
o
f
i
t
i
n
ru
nn
i
n
g
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
r
p
um
p
dur
i
n
g
da
y
ho
urs,
w
here
as
t
he
s
e
c
on
d
50
0
W
of
t
he
1
0
00
W
w
ill
b
e
use
d
t
o
c
h
ar
ge
o
r
st
ora
g
e
i
n
t
he
b
a
t
t
ery
b
a
nk
t
o
be
u
se
d
la
ter
i
n
r
u
n
n
i
ng
t
he
pump
at n
i
g
h
t
h
o
u
rs.
The
det
a
il
s
of
t
he
pow
er
deli
v
er
y an
d
requ
i
r
emen
t
s
a
re sh
o
w
n
i
n
Tab
l
e
1
.
Ta
b
l
e
1.
D
eta
i
l
s
of dai
l
y
pow
e
r
pr
o
duc
e
d
f
ro
m
P
V
a
rray
a
nd
dai
l
y
requ
ire
d
pow
e
r
for
pm
dc pum
p m
o
tor a
n
d ba
tter
ba
nk
char
g
i
n
g
C
o
m
pone
nt
Ra
t
e
d
Powe
r
(
W
)
Da
ily
H
our
s
Da
ily
Wa
tt∙Hour
3
of
S
ola
r
P
a
n
e
l
s
of
S
PR
-E
20-
327
-C
O
M
3
×
327W
=
981 W
5
4905
48
V
PM
DC
Mo
to
r
5
00
W
5
M
o
r
n
i
ng +
5
E
v
e
n
ing
H
our
s
250
0
fr
om
PV
2500
f
r
om
Ba
t
t
e
r
y
B
a
tte
ry Ba
nk
4×
12
V
o
lts
o
f
1
00
A
.
H
=
48
V
of
100
A.
H
,
I
N
o
rma
l
C
h
a
r
g
in
g
=
10%
o
f
1
00A
=
1
0
A
5
M
o
rning
H
our
s
f
o
r
B
a
tte
ry
C
h
a
r
ging
=
48
V ×
10 A ×
5 H
=
2400
T
o
ta
l
Re
quire
d Po
w
e
r (W
٠
H)
a
t
5
hours
(
d
a
y
t
i
m
i
ng)
= 4900
W
∙
H,
T
ota
l
w
o
r
kin
g
hou
rs
a
t
n
i
ght
t
i
m
ing
by
b
a
t
t
e
ry =
5
H
our
s
T
o
ta
l
d
a
ily
w
orkin
g
hours
of
w
a
t
e
r
pum
p =
5
H
ours
(
m
orni
ng
)
+
5
H
our
s
(e
ve
ning)
=
10
Hours
R
e
quire
d Ra
t
e
d D
C
C
ur
re
nt
(
da
y
ti
ming)
=
DC
p
u
m
p cur
r
e
n
t +
Ba
t
t
e
r
y
Cha
r
ging
C
u
rre
nt
=
(
5
0
0
W
/
48V)
+
10 A
≈
20
A
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Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
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S
N
:
2088-
86
94
H
i
g
h
per
f
orm
a
nce
PV system
bas
ed o
n
ar
t
i
f
i
cia
l
ne
ur
al ne
t
w
ork
MPPT
…
(H
ussa
i
n
A
tti
a
)
1
331
3.
PROPOS
E
D
SYSTE
M
A
sta
nda
l
one
P
V
system
i
s
pro
pose
d
i
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
t
o
de
li
ver
the
e
l
ect
ri
ca
l
p
o
w
er
t
o
wat
e
r
pu
mp
o
f
direc
t
c
ur
ren
t
m
otor
t
y
p
e.
F
igur
e
1
show
s
t
h
e
bloc
k
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
of
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
s
t
a
r
t
e
d
b
y
a
p
a
ral
l
e
l
c
onne
ct
ed
s
ol
a
r
PV
a
r
ra
y
wh
i
c
h
incl
ud
es
3
p
a
n
e
l
s o
f
S
P
R-E
2
0-
3
27 m
o
dule
. F
or effi
c
ien
t
har
v
e
st
in
g
of
e
le
ctr
i
ca
l
po
w
e
r
from
s
olar
e
nergy
to
b
e
use
d
a
s
D
C
l
in
k
p
o
w
er,
an
a
rtif
i
c
ia
l
ne
ura
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
(
A
N
N
)
w
i
th
pro
port
i
ona
l
i
n
tegra
l
(
P
I)
cont
rol
l
er
a
re
d
es
ig
ned
to
c
o
n
tr
ol
t
h
e
i
nc
l
u
de
d
b
u
ck-
boos
t
D
C
-
D
C
co
n
v
e
r
ter
t
h
at
t
o
guara
nt
e
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
in
m
ax
imum
pow
er
p
oint
(
MP
P
)
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
ons.
The
co
nve
r
t
er
i
s
resp
ons
i
b
l
e
t
o
de
li
ver
t
h
e
requ
ire
d
e
l
e
c
t
rica
l
power
t
o
t
h
e
ne
xt
b
l
o
ck
o
f
a
d
i
re
ct
c
urre
nt
l
oad.
T
he
D
C
l
o
ad
i
s
re
pre
s
en
ted
by
b
atte
r
y
cha
r
ger,
b
a
tte
ry
b
a
n
k
o
f
4
8
V
and
1
0
0
A
∙H
(
four
s
er
i
a
ll
y
co
n
n
ec
t
e
d
b
a
t
t
e
r
i
e
s
o
f
1
2
V
a
n
d
1
0
0
A
,
a
n
d
D
C
dri
v
e
w
i
th
D
C
m
o
t
o
r
.
T
he
r
o
l
e
of
b
a
tte
ry
b
a
nk
is
g
ua
ran
t
ee
i
n
g
t
he
p
u
m
p
w
o
rk
i
n
g
du
ring
t
h
e
n
i
ght
hou
rs.
To
con
t
ro
l
t
h
e
s
p
e
e
d
o
f
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
r
pum
p’s
D
C
m
otor
o
f
4
8
V
olts,
a
n
d
5
0
0
W
a
t
t
s
P
M
D
C
m
o
t
o
r
,
a
d
i
r
e
c
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
spee
d dri
v
e i
s
i
ncl
u
d
e
d in t
he
pro
pose
d
b
l
o
c
k
d
iagr
am
, t
h
e
spe
e
d
dr
ive
is
r
esp
onsi
b
le on c
ontr
o
l
l
i
n
g
t
h
e pum
p
sp
e
e
d
by
c
ont
ro
ll
er
i
s
in
c
l
ud
ed
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
op
o
s
e
d
s
yst
e
m
blo
c
k
di
a
g
r
a
m
.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
f
o
c
u
s
e
s
o
n
t
h
e
cha
lle
ng
e
of
g
ua
ran
t
ee
in
g
M
P
P
w
o
r
k
c
on
di
ti
o
n
s
b
y
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
ti
ng
t
h
e
ANN
algo
ri
th
m
wit
h
t
he
P
I
con
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
.
In a
dd
iti
on,
t
he
r
equired
p
o
w
e
r
calc
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
fo
r
r
em
ot
e
w
a
ter pu
mp
a
p
p
lic
at
i
o
ns
i
s
prese
n
te
d.
F
i
gur
e 1.
Bl
o
c
k
dia
gr
am
of
the
prop
ose
d
s
ta
nd-a
l
o
n
e
P
V
s
yste
m
f
or
w
ater
pum
p
app
lica
t
i
o
n
3.1.
PV
ar
r
ay d
e
si
gn
The
prese
n
t
e
d
des
i
gn
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
a
r
r
ay
i
nc
lu
des
t
h
re
e
pa
ra
l
l
e
l
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
pa
ne
ls
o
f
m
odu
le
t
y
p
e
S
P
R-
E20-32
7,
t
h
i
s
m
o
d
u
le
c
on
sis
t
o
f
96
se
ria
lly
c
on
nec
t
ed
s
o
l
a
r
c
ells
o
f
effi
c
i
ency
2
0.4%,
and
Mo
noc
rys
t
a
lli
n
e
t
ype.
The
spe
c
ifica
t
i
o
ns of t
h
e
se
lec
t
ed
s
o
l
a
r
m
odu
le a
re
s
how
n in Ta
b
l
e
2
.
Ta
b
l
e
2.
PV
mod
u
l
e
spr-e
20-
32
7 spec
i
f
ica
t
i
ons
w
i
t
h
arr
a
y arra
ng
em
ent
Pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
Va
lue
Ra
t
e
d V
o
lt
a
g
e
(Vm
pp)
54.
7
V
Ra
t
e
d C
u
rre
nt
(Im
pp)
5
.
98
A
O
p
en
-
C
i
r
cu
i
t
V
o
l
t
ag
e
(
V
o
c
)
6
4
.
9
V
Short
-
C
i
rc
uit
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
(
I
sc
)
6.
46
A
A
vg.
Pa
n
e
l
E
f
f
ic
i
e
nc
y
20.
4%
Ma
x.
P
ow
e
r
(
P
m
p
p
)
327
W
P
o
w
e
r
T
o
l
e
r
a
n
c
e
+
5
/–0%
N
o
. o
f C
e
lls
9
6
N
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
a
r
a
l
l
el
l
i
n
es
(
N
P
)
3
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
s
e
r
i
es
p
an
els
(
N
S
) / lin
e
1
A
r
ra
y
powe
r
(
P
m
p
p
)
=
3 ×
327 W
981
W
The
q
u
a
n
t
i
t
y
o
f
t
he
p
rod
u
c
e
d
pow
er
h
as
n
o
n
l
i
ne
ar
p
r
opor
tio
na
li
t
y
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
i
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
l
e
v
e
l
a
n
d
t
h
e
a
m
b
i
e
n
t
t
e
mp
erat
u
r
e
.
I
rra
d
i
a
ti
on
l
ev
e
l
o
f
in
ci
d
e
n
t
l
i
ght
h
as
p
o
sit
i
ve
p
r
o
p
o
rtio
na
li
t
y
w
he
rea
s
t
he
a
mbien
t
tem
p
era
t
ur
e
h
a
s
ne
ga
ti
ve
p
r
o
p
o
rt
i
ona
l
ity.
F
i
gure
2
sh
ow
s
t
h
e
e
q
u
i
va
l
e
nt
e
lec
t
r
i
c
c
i
rc
uit
o
f
t
he
s
o
l
a
r
c
ell,
i
n
w
h
i
ch
t
h
e
o
u
t
pu
t
cu
rrent
o
f
so
l
a
r
cel
l
I
PV
r
epre
sents
t
h
e
t
o
ta
l
ge
ner
a
te
d
curr
ent
I
SC
m
i
n
u
s
the
d
i
ode
c
urrent
I
D
a
nd
m
i
nus
t
he
s
hun
t
resis
t
or
R
P
c
urre
nt
.
The
ou
tpu
t
c
urre
nt
i
s
pass
ing
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
the
ser
i
a
l
r
e
s
i
st
or
R
S
.
A
t
s
er
ies
c
onn
e
c
ti
o
n
of t
h
e
s
o
lar ce
lls, t
h
e
resu
lta
n
t
vo
l
t
a
g
e
w
ill
i
nc
rea
s
e
to
a
le
v
e
l
prop
o
rt
io
na
l to
the
num
ber
o
f
s
e
r
i
e
s
co
nne
ct
ed
c
e
l
l
s
N
S
,
at
t
h
e
s
ame
c
o
nn
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
s
erie
s
res
i
st
a
n
ce
R
S-EQ
i
s
al
so
p
r
o
po
rt
i
onal
w
ith
Ns
.
O
n
t
he
o
t
h
er
s
id
e,
i
n
para
ll
e
l
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
on
o
f
so
l
a
r
cells,
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
lta
n
t
l
eve
l
o
f
ou
t
p
u
t
c
ur
rent
w
i
l
l
pos
it
ive
l
y
pro
p
o
rt
iona
l
t
o
t
he
num
ber
o
f
p
a
r
alle
l
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
ce
l
ls
N
P
,
and
t
h
e
t
o
ta
l
p
a
ral
l
e
l
r
e
s
i
s
tanc
e
R
P-
EQ
i
s
in
versel
y
pr
o
por
tio
na
l
w
ith
N
P
.
(1)
t
o
(
9)
a
re
s
how
in
g
th
e
abo
v
e
e
x
p
l
a
n
a
t
i
on
w
i
t
h
r
es
pec
t
t
o
t
h
e
e
q
u
i
va
le
nt
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
Pow
El
ec &
D
ri
S
yst
,
Vol
.
10,
N
o.
3
, Se
p
2
019 :
1329
–
133
8
1
332
circ
u
i
t
o
f
t
he
s
olar
c
e
ll of
F
i
gur
e
2
[3-
2
1].
The o
u
tp
ut
P
V
arr
ay
vol
ta
ge
e
qua
ls to
the
v
o
l
t
a
ge
o
f
one
p
a
n
e
l
d
ue
to
t
he
p
a
r
al
lel
con
n
ec
tio
n
wh
er
eas
t
he
t
o
t
al
c
urr
e
nt
o
f
the
PV
a
r
ray
e
qual
s
t
o
the
s
u
mm
ati
o
n
o
f
t
he
3
p
ane
l
s’
curr
ents
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
i
gure
3
and
(6)
,
a
nd
(7).
A
s
show
n
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
3,
t
he
t
o
t
al
o
u
t
pu
t
c
u
rre
nt
a
t
m
a
x
i
mum
pow
er
p
o
i
nt
(
MP
P
)
c
on
di
t
i
o
n
e
q
u
als
to
18
A
appr
oxim
a
te
ly,
w
h
ere
as
t
he
l
eve
l
o
f
the
d
e
li
ver
e
d
pow
er
t
o
t
h
e
direc
t
c
urr
e
nt l
oad
rea
c
hes
to
1
kW ap
pro
x
i
m
a
tely.
(
1
)
(
2
)
1
(
3
)
(4
)
(
5
)
_
(
6
)
_
.
(
7
)
_
(
8
)
_
(
9
)
F
i
gure
2.
E
qu
iva
l
e
n
t circ
u
i
t
o
f
solar
ce
l
l
Fi
g
u
re
3
.
T
h
e
s
o
l
a
r
P
V
a
r
r
a
y
c
o
n
n
e
ct
ion
The
I-
V
curves
o
f
the
solar
arra
y
a
t
4
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
i
r
r
a
di
a
n
ce
(
4
00
W/m
2
,
600
W
/m
2
,
8
00
W/m
2
,
an
d
1
0
00
W/m
2
)
w
i
t
h
f
i
x
e
d
a
m
b
i
e
n
t
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
o
f
2
5
°
C
,
a
n
d
a
t
4
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
l
e
v
els
of
a
mbie
nt
tem
p
era
t
ur
e
(1
5
°
C
,
2
5
°
C,
3
5
°
C
a
n
d
4
5
°C)
w
i
t
h
f
i
x
e
d
i
rrad
i
a
n
c
e
l
eve
l
o
f
100
0
W
/
m
2
a
ll
ar
e
sh
o
w
n
in
F
i
gure
4.
T
he
n
o
n
l
i
n
ea
ri
t
y
b
e
h
a
v
ior
of
t
he
I
-V
c
urves
are
c
l
e
a
r
l
y
m
on
it
o
r
ed
a
t
d
i
ffere
nt
t
es
tin
g
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s.
Th
e
P-V
cu
rv
e
s
a
t
same
t
esting
c
ond
iti
o
n
s
a
re
s
ho
wn
i
n
F
i
gu
re
5
.
F
r
om
p
o
w
e
r
c
urves,
it
i
s
not
ice
a
b
le
t
h
a
t
the
impor
ta
nce
o
f
w
or
kin
g
i
n
MP
P
condi
t
i
o
n
s
fo
r ha
rvesti
n
g
th
e
m
a
x
i
mu
m a
l
l
o
wa
bl
e
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f p
r
odu
c
e
d
powe
r
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
H
i
g
h
pe
r
f
orm
a
nc
e PV
system
base
d
o
n
ar
ti
fi
c
i
a
l
ne
ur
al
ne
t
w
ork
MPPT
… (
H
ussain
A
t
t
i
a
)
1
333
(a)
(b
)
F
i
gur
e
4.
P
V
ar
r
a
y
of
m
odu
le
(SP
R-
E20-
32
7
)
c
har
a
cter
i
s
t
i
c
s
;
(
a
)
I
-V
c
ur
ves
at
f
ixe
d
a
mbi
e
n
t
tem
p
er
a
t
ur
e
of
25
°
C
;
(
b
)
I
-
V c
u
r
v
es
a
t
f
i
xe
d
ir
r
a
di
a
n
ce
of
100
0
W/m
2
(a)
(b
)
F
i
gur
e
5.
P
V
a
r
r
ay
o
f
modu
le
(SP
R
-
E20-
32
7
)
c
har
a
cter
i
s
t
i
c
s
;
(
a
)
P
-
V
c
u
r
v
e
s
at
f
i
x
ed
a
mb
i
e
n
t
t
e
mpe
r
at
ur
e
of
25
°
C
;
(
b
)
P
-
V
c
u
r
v
es
a
t
f
i
xe
d
ir
r
a
di
a
n
ce
of
100
0
W/m
2
The
de
si
g
n
i
n
t
h
is
s
tud
y
c
ons
i
d
e
r
s
13.
7
V
to
1
4.
7
V
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
r
a
n
ge
[
25]
a
s
a
n
a
l
l
o
w
a
b
l
e
vo
l
t
age
for
c
h
ar
g
i
n
g
t
he
1
2
V
ba
tter
y
.
I
n
o
t
h
er
w
or
ds,
by
a
d
op
tin
g
1
3
.
7
V
a
s
the
r
e
qu
ir
e
d
v
o
l
t
a
ge
f
or
n
or
m
a
l
ch
a
r
gi
ng,
th
is
i
s
le
ad
i
ng
t
o
t
he
n
e
e
d
o
f
5
5
V
o
l
t
s
f
o
r
cha
r
gi
ng
f
un
c
t
i
o
n
t
o
th
e
b
a
tt
e
r
y
ba
n
k
o
f
48
V
w
it
h
no
rma
l
c
h
a
r
g
ing
c
u
r
r
e
nt
o
f
10%
o
f
t
h
e
ba
tter
y
A
H
.
3.
2.
Buc
k
-
b
o
o
st DC-DC
c
on
verter
de
sign
The
f
unc
t
i
on
o
f
t
he
c
o
nver
t
e
r
i
s
co
ntr
o
l
l
i
n
g
t
he
o
u
t
pu
t
vo
l
t
a
ge
V
o
o
f
the
c
o
n
v
er
t
e
r
[
13-
1
5
]
,
[
21-
2
4
]
b
y
bu
ck
ing
th
e
i
npu
t
vol
t
a
g
e
V
in
w
he
n
the
dut
y
c
y
c
l
e
D
w
i
d
th
o
f
the
de
r
i
vi
ng
pu
lse
w
i
d
t
h
m
o
d
u
l
at
i
on
P
W
M
pu
lses
i
n
a
r
a
n
g
e
l
e
ss
t
h
a
n
0
.5,
where
a
s
bo
os
t
i
n
g
V
in
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
cyc
l
e
D
w
i
d
t
h
i
n
a
r
a
n
g
e
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
0
.
5
a
s
s
how
n
i
n
(
1
0
)
.
H
er
e,
i
t
is
d
eser
ve
t
o
me
nti
on
t
h
a
t
P
WM
i
s
a
common
t
e
chn
i
que
i
n
li
ter
a
tur
e
.
[
2
-
2
4]
.
(
10)
Wh
en
t
h
e
c
onv
ert
e
r
w
o
rki
n
g
i
n
c
on
t
i
nu
ou
s
c
o
ndu
ct
ion
mo
d
e
(
C
C
M
),
t
he
m
i
n
im
um
v
a
l
ue
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
erter
’
s in
d
u
ct
or c
an
b
e de
term
ine
d
for a
c
ertai
n
loa
d
R
a
t a
ce
rtain swi
t
ch
i
ng fr
eq
ue
n
c
y
f
S
u
sing
(
1
1
)
.
L
mi
n
=
(
11)
T
he
c
i
r
cu
i
t
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
er
ter
inc
l
ude
s
ca
pac
i
t
o
r
o
f
t
he
m
in
im
um
v
a
l
u
e
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
b
y
(
1
2
)
,
w
h
e
r
e
V
O
i
s
the
co
n
v
er
t
e
r
out
p
u
t
v
o
lta
ge,
a
nd
Δ
V
O
is t
h
e
r
i
p
p
l
e of
V
O
.
=
(
12)
3
.
3
.
Artificial n
eura
l n
e
tw
o
r
k
(ANN)
d
esi
g
n
Ar
t
i
fici
a
l
N
eu
r
a
l
Net
w
o
r
k
(ANN)
r
ep
resen
t
s
a
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
co
mmo
n
ma
ch
in
e
l
e
arning
t
e
c
hni
qu
e
s
w
h
ic
h
is
a
bl
e
to
s
o
l
ve
p
r
o
b
l
em
s
of
d
i
ffe
r
e
nt
t
y
p
e
s
a
n
d
l
evel
s
o
f
co
mplex
ity
.
ANN
is
c
h
a
racterize
d
b
y
f
a
st
a
c
ti
on
in
l
ea
r
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
r
e
sp
o
n
se
p
r
o
cess
w
i
t
h
a
b
ili
ty
o
f
pr
o
duc
i
n
g
accu
ra
t
e
r
e
s
ult
s
r
e
g
ardl
e
s
s
t
h
e
s
y
st
e
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
Pow
El
ec &
D
ri
S
yst
,
Vol
.
10,
N
o.
3
, Se
p
2
019 :
1329
–
133
8
1
334
f
u
n
c
t
i
on
[
18
-21
]
.
To
h
a
v
e
accu
r
at
e
ANN
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e,
b
ig
d
at
a
si
z
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
npu
t
a
n
d
o
u
t
put
s
y
s
te
m’s
varia
b
l
e
s
are
re
quire
d
t
o
b
e
use
d
f
or
t
ra
ini
ng
or
l
e
a
rn
i
ng
proc
ess
t
h
at
t
o
have
goo
d
tra
i
ne
d
re
la
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
the i
n
pu
t an
d
t
h
e
ou
t
p
u
t
var
i
a
bl
e
s
to
/
fr
om
AN
N
re
spe
c
ti
ve
l
y
.
Cur
r
ent
l
y
ne
ura
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
are
use
d
a
s
a
n
e
fficie
n
t
t
ec
h
n
i
que
f
o
r
m
a
xi
mum
pow
er
p
o
i
n
t
t
rac
k
in
g
MP
P
T
objec
t
i
v
e
b
y
d
e
t
erm
i
nin
g
t
he
r
e
f
er
ence
v
ol
t
a
ges
a
t
a
ny
w
e
a
t
h
er
c
on
d
iti
on
of
d
i
f
fe
rent
i
rra
dia
n
ce
a
nd
amb
i
ent
t
e
mp
er
at
u
r
e.
T
h
e
r
ef
eren
ce
vol
t
a
g
e
o
f
th
e
ANN
i
s
u
sed
t
o
be
t
r
a
c
k
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
s
y
st
e
m
c
on
ve
rter
t
hat
to
guara
nt
e
e
t
he
MP
P
T.
No
rmal
l
y
t
h
e
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
re
o
f
the
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
wo
rk
ANN
in
clu
d
e
s
many
lay
e
r
s
s
tar
tin
g
b
y
i
npu
t
laye
r,
a
n
d
e
ndin
g
b
y
o
u
t
p
ut
l
ay
e
r
,
wh
e
r
ea
s
i
n
b
et
wee
n
t
h
e
s
e
2
l
ayers,
there
i
s
/are
o
ne
/
m
ore
t
h
a
n
o
ne
h
idde
n
la
ye
r/s.
The inp
u
t
da
t
a
a
r
e re
ceive
d by
i
np
u
t
la
y
e
r
, Her
e
i
t
is deserv
e
to
m
e
n
ti
on
t
ha
t
i
t
i
s p
r
e
f
era
b
le
the
ran
ge
of in
put
data
b
e
t
w
een
m
inimum
(
0)
a
nd
m
axim
um
(
1),
these
da
t
a
w
il
l
be
p
r
oc
es
sed
in
t
he
i
nte
r
m
e
dia
t
e
s
t
e
p
s
b
y
t
he
hi
dde
n
la
ye
r/s,
t
he
n
t
h
e
re
s
u
l
t
o
f
A
N
N
pr
oce
ssi
ng
w
i
l
l
be
d
e
l
i
v
er
ed
a
t
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
l
ay
er
o
f
th
e
ANN
t
o
b
e
u
s
ed
a
s
r
e
f
ere
n
ce
v
al
u
e
i
n
t
h
e
c
ont
rol
l
e
r.
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
sh
o
w
s
th
e
stru
ct
ur
e
of
t
he
f
u
n
d
am
enta
l
u
n
i
t
i
n
ne
ur
al
n
etw
o
r
k
w
h
ic
h is t
he
ne
u
ro
n.
The
(1
3)
s
ho
w
s
a
l
i
n
ea
r
c
o
mb
in
ati
on
for
a
l
l
of
t
he
i
npu
t
v
a
ri
ab
les
(
X
n1
, X
n2
, X
n3
, X
n4
…, X
nN
)
in
t
he
n
e
u
r
on
to
p
rodu
c
e
Z,
whi
c
h
will
b
e
p
r
oc
e
s
se
d
la
te
r
by
t
he
a
c
tiva
t
i
o
n
fu
nc
t
i
on
b
e
f
o
r
e
d
e
liv
e
r
in
g
as
f
in
al
r
e
s
u
lt
y
n
of
n
e
ur
on
’s p
roc
e
ssin
g [
2
6
]
.
∑
(
13)
Th
ere
are
3
t
ype
s
o
f
a
ctiv
a
tio
n
fu
n
c
t
i
on
s
that
can
s
e
l
ec
t
on
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
t
o
do
t
h
e
de
sire
d
proce
s
s
o
n
t
he
in
pu
t
Z
t
o
t
h
e
f
unction
.
T
he
(
14)-(16)
s
how
th
e
sigmoidal,
t
he
h
yper
b
o
l
i
c
a
n
d
t
h
e
li
n
ear
t
r
a
ns
fe
r
fu
nct
i
o
n
s
re
spec
ti
vely
[
2
1
].
(
14)
(
15)
(
16)
The
r
e
a
r
e
2
t
ypes
o
f
A
N
N
,
f
e
e
d
forw
a
r
d
ANN
,
a
n
d
fe
e
dbac
k
ANN
.
F
eed
-f
or
w
a
rd
t
ype
a
l
l
o
w
s
tra
v
e
l
lin
g
the
si
g
n
al
f
ro
m
i
n
t
o
out
,
i.
e
.
f
o
r
war
d
d
i
r
e
c
tio
n
o
n
ly
w
it
hout
f
ee
dba
ck
,
wh
e
r
ea
s
t
h
e
sec
o
nd
t
ype
ta
ke
s
f
e
edb
a
c
k
i
nf
or
ma
ti
on
f
or
a
d
j
u
s
ti
ng
t
h
e
w
e
i
gh
t
s
t
o
r
e
duc
e
t
h
e
e
rror
le
v
e
l
[2
1,
26]
.
The
ad
o
p
t
e
d
AN
N
ty
pe
to
d
o
t
he
M
P
P
T
fu
ncti
o
n
i
n t
h
i
s
s
t
u
dy
i
s f
e
ed f
o
r
wa
rd
A
N
N
.
Ba
c
k
p
ro
pa
ga
tio
n
proce
ss
is
s
elec
te
d
for
l
e
arni
ng
proce
ss
a
nd
u
pda
tin
g
th
e
w
e
ig
h
t
s
in
t
he
n
e
u
ra
l
netw
ork
a
l
g
o
ri
thm.
T
he
m
ea
n
sq
uar
e
e
rr
or
(
MS
E)
r
e
p
resen
t
s
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
nt
p
a
r
amet
er
t
o
ev
al
u
a
t
e
t
h
e
a
c
c
u
r
ac
y
of
t
he
d
e
s
i
gne
d
A
N
N
.
M
S
E
i
n
d
i
ca
t
e
s
t
h
e
d
i
ffe
r
enc
e
b
etw
e
en
t
he
e
st
i
m
a
t
ed
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
ANN
an
d
t
h
e
t
a
rg
et
val
u
e
as show
n
i
n
(
17)
[
2
6
].
L
ow
MS
E
m
ea
n
s
a
c
c
ura
t
e
A
N
N
per
f
orm
ance
a
nd vice
ver
sa
.
∑
∑
(
17)
W
h
e
r
e
Q
i
s
t
h
e
e
l
e
ment
s
nu
mbe
r
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
put
v
e
c
t
or
,
e(
k)
i
s
th
e
e
rror
,
t
(k)
is
t
he
t
ar
get
,
w
h
ereas
a
(k)
i
s
th
e
ANN
es
t
i
mat
e
d o
u
t
put
v
ec
tor
.
F
i
gur
e 6.
N
e
u
ron s
t
ruc
t
ure
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
H
i
g
h
per
f
orm
a
nce
PV system
bas
ed o
n
ar
t
i
f
i
cia
l
ne
ur
al ne
t
w
ork
MPPT
…
(H
ussa
i
n
A
tti
a
)
1
335
F
i
gu
re
7
,
sh
o
w
s
t
h
e
d
e
t
a
i
l
ed
d
i
a
gra
m
o
f
t
h
e
pr
op
os
e
d
M
PP
t
rac
k
e
r
b
a
se
d
on
A
NN
a
l
gor
i
t
h
m
a
nd
P
I
c
on
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
.
A
s
show
n
i
n
F
igure
7,
t
he
m
a
i
n
fu
nc
ti
on
o
f
t
h
e
A
N
N
i
s
p
r
o
d
u
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
d
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
vo
lta
ge
w
h
i
c
h
r
epr
e
sents
the
P
V
a
rra
y
volta
ge
a
t
MP
P
,
t
hi
s
vo
l
t
a
g
e
wi
l
l
b
e
in
d
iffere
n
t
l
eve
l
s
base
d
o
n
t
he
w
e
a
t
he
r co
n
d
it
io
ns of
irradia
n
c
e
and am
bie
n
t t
e
m
p
e
r
at
ure
.
The w
ea
the
r
c
on
dit
i
o
n
s
w
il
l
be mon
i
t
ore
d
by t
h
es
e
t
w
o
in
put
v
ari
a
b
l
es
o
f
ANN
wh
i
c
h
recei
v
es
t
h
e
i
n
put
v
ar
i
a
b
l
es
b
y
th
e
2
ne
u
r
on
i
npu
t
l
a
yer.
T
h
e
n
e
x
t
l
a
y
e
r
i
s
repr
esente
d
by
t
he
h
i
d
de
n
la
ye
r
of
2
0
ne
uro
n
s,
a
l
l
o
f
t
h
ese
neu
r
o
ns
r
ece
ive
the
ou
t
p
u
t
s
of
t
he
i
np
u
t
l
a
y
er
a
n
d
do
ing
t
h
e
i
n
tel
lige
n
t
proc
ess
t
o
e
s
t
im
ate
the
re
fer
e
nce
v
o
lt
age
,
a
nd
t
h
is
v
ol
ta
ge
w
il
l
be
d
el
i
v
ere
d
t
hr
ou
gh
t
h
e
ou
tsi
d
e
of
t
he
o
u
t
pu
t
la
yer.
T
o
w
o
r
k
a
t
MP
P
,
t
he
P
V
system
m
ust
t
r
ack
t
he
r
efere
n
ce
v
o
ltage
,
so
t
he
actua
l
ou
tpu
t
v
o
l
ta
ge
o
f
P
V
a
rray
is
m
e
a
sured
to
d
e
t
erm
i
ne
t
he
d
i
f
fer
e
n
c
e
wi
th
r
e
s
p
ect
t
o
t
h
e
refe
ren
c
e
t
h
at
t
o
trac
k
the
re
fer
e
nce
vo
lta
g
e
b
ased
o
n
the
l
e
ve
l
o
f
e
rror
si
g
n
a
l
b
y
c
o
n
tro
l
l
i
ng
the
d
u
ty
c
yc
l
e
o
f
the
pu
l
s
e
w
i
d
t
h
modu
la
te
d
pu
l
s
e
s
.
The
pu
lse
s
a
re
d
rivi
n
g
t
he
b
uck
bo
os
t
D
C
-D
C
c
on
ve
rte
r
t
o
co
ntr
o
l
the
D
C
l
oa
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
tha
t
t
o
g
u
ar
an
t
ee
the
m
a
xim
u
m
load
p
ower.
The
pro
p
o
rt
io
n
a
l
inte
gr
al
P
I
contr
o
l
l
er
i
s
i
n
se
rted
a
f
t
e
r
t
he
ANN
to
s
o
f
te
n
the
t
r
a
c
ki
ng
fu
nc
ti
on
t
o
t
he
n
e
x
t
refere
nce
l
e
v
e
ls
a
n
d
a
v
oid
i
ng
t
h
e
s
u
d
d
e
n
c
han
g
e
i
n
t
he
e
r
r
o
r
vo
lta
ge
Err
V.
A
N
N
n
eed
s
t
o
t
ra
in
o
r
le
a
r
n
by
u
si
n
g
b
i
g
s
i
z
e
d
a
ta
a
s
pos
sibl
e
,
i
n
t
h
is
s
tu
dy
,
t
h
e
i
npu
t
v
a
r
i
a
b
le
s
are
irra
di
an
ce
l
e
v
e
l
s
(
G
)
a
n
d
amb
i
en
t
t
e
m
p
era
t
u
r
e
(
T
),
w
he
re
as
t
he
out
p
u
t
va
ri
ab
l
e
i
s
t
h
e
re
fe
renc
e
vo
lt
a
g
e
a
t
M
P
P
con
d
i
t
i
on
f
o
r
t
h
e
P
V
a
rray
,
an
d
t
h
e
ra
ng
e
of
t
rai
n
ed
d
a
t
a
o
f
th
e
i
r
radi
an
c
e
i
s
fro
m
25 W/m
2
mi
ni
m
u
m
to
1000
W
/
m
2
m
ax
i
m
um
,
w
h
e
r
ea
s
t
h
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
t
r
a
i
n
ed
d
a
t
a
o
f
t
h
e
a
m
b
i
e
n
t
t
em
p
e
r
atur
e i
s
from
5 °C
minimum
to
45
°C
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
.
He
re
i
t
is
d
e
s
e
r
ve
t
o
m
e
nt
ion
t
h
at
,
t
h
e
a
rra
y
s
o
f
i
npu
t
va
ri
ab
l
e
s
a
n
d
the
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
a
r
i
a
bl
e
a
r
e
nor
ma
li
z
e
d b
e
f
o
re
t
he
t
ra
ini
n
g
p
r
oc
e
s
s
t
h
a
t
t
o
h
a
ve
h
i
ghe
r a
c
c
u
racy
o
f
A
N
N
perfor
m
anc
e
.
F
i
gure
7.
The
p
ro
pose
d
s
ta
n
d
a
l
o
ne
P
V
system
for
M
PP
T func
t
i
on
b
a
s
ed
on
A
N
N
a
lgor
ithm
4.
PROPOS
E
D
SYSTE
M
The
pro
p
o
se
d
P
V
s
yst
e
m
is
s
im
ul
a
t
e
d
,
teste
d
a
n
d
e
ffe
c
t
ive
n
ess
e
va
l
u
ate
d
v
ia
S
im
u
l
i
n
k
o
f
M
A
T
LA
B
softw
a
re
.
The
sy
s
t
em
p
erfor
m
a
n
ce
base
d
o
n
t
he
d
e
s
i
g
ned
n
e
ural
n
et
wo
rk
i
s
ev
al
u
a
t
e
d
wi
th
a
n
d
w
it
ho
ut
I
P
con
t
ro
l,
i
n
a
d
d
i
ti
on,
t
he
s
ys
te
m
is
e
va
lua
t
e
d
w
itho
u
t
a
n
y
c
o
n
t
r
ol
l
i
n
g
a
lg
ori
t
hm
t
ha
t
to
s
h
o
w
the pos
it
ive effec
t
o
f
t
h
e
ANN
ro
l
e
o
n
t
h
e
PV
s
y
s
t
e
m
ef
fect
iven
ess.
T
abl
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
he
d
e
s
i
g
ne
d
par
a
m
e
t
e
rs
f
or
t
he
c
o
n
v
er
t
e
r
com
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
a
nd
P
I
c
on
trol
l
e
r.
Th
e
d
e
t
a
i
l
s
o
f
t
h
e
simu
l
a
t
e
d
n
e
u
r
a
l
n
et
wo
rk
a
re
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
di
a
g
r
a
m
of
F
igur
e
8.
As
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
re
8
(
a)
,
the
de
sig
n
e
d
A
N
N
i
nc
lu
de
s
2
i
n
put
v
a
r
i
a
bl
es,
h
i
dde
n
l
a
ye
r
of
2
0
n
e
uron
s,
an
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
l
aye
r
o
f
1
ou
t
put
v
ar
ia
ble
. The
A
N
N
p
erfor
m
a
n
ce
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
Me
a
n
S
q
u
a
r
e
d
Err
o
r
M
S
E
i
s
s
how
n
i
n
F
i
g
ure
8
(b
).
I
t
is
c
le
arl
y
not
i
ceab
l
e
t
h
e
a
cce
p
t
a
b
le
v
alu
e
of
M
SE
a
t
e
p
o
c
h
10
a
s
s
how
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
8
(
b
)
tha
t
i
s
e
q
u
a
l
to
7
.4
747e
-5.
F
i
gu
re
9
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
si
mu
l
a
tio
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
f
l
oad
po
we
r
le
ve
l
s
f
or
f
o
u
r
e
qu
al
ly
i
n
t
er
va
ls
i
n
a
2
se
c
per
i
od
.
The
D
C
l
oa
d
’
s
pow
e
r
i
s
me
a
s
u
r
e
d
w
it
h
a
n
d
wi
t
hou
t
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
prop
os
ed
M
P
P
t
r
a
c
k
e
r
o
f
AN
N
a
nd P
I
c
ont
ro
ll
er t
o
sh
o
w
the
p
e
r
f
o
rmanc
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
en
e
s
s
of
t
he
prop
os
e
d
s
olu
tio
n.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
ts a
t
fi
x
e
d
a
m
b
i
en
t
te
m
p
e
r
at
ur
e
of
25
°C
a
n
d
ir
ra
dia
n
c
e
s
o
f
(
6
0
0
W
/
m
2
,
750
W
/
m
2
,
90
0
W/
m
2
,
and
4
5
0
W
/
m
2
)
i
ndic
a
t
e
t
h
e
h
i
gh
ef
fect
i
v
en
es
s of
t
h
e
p
ro
p
o
s
a
l
in
th
i
s
st
udy
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
Pow
El
ec &
D
ri
S
yst
,
Vol
.
10,
N
o.
3
, Se
p
2
019 :
1329
–
133
8
1
336
T
a
b
l
e
3
.
P
ro
p
o
s
e
d
sy
s
t
em
p
a
r
am
e
t
e
r
s
C
o
m
pone
nt/Pa
r
am
e
t
e
r
V
alue
DC
L
i
nk Ca
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
2.
2 m
F
C
onve
r
t
e
r
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
or
C
2
.
2
m
F
C
onve
rt
e
r
I
nduc
tor
L
2
m
H
Sw
it
c
h
ing
Fre
que
n
c
y
fs
30
kHz
Loa
d
Re
s
istor
R
3
.1
Ω
Du
ty
C
y
c
l
e
D
(
w
it
hout
C
ontrol)
0
.
5
PI
Par
a
met
e
r
s
P ,
I
0
.
011,
0.
00
5
(a)
(b)
Fig
u
re
8
.
T
h
e
de
s
i
g
n
e
d
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
ne
ural
ne
t
w
o
rk
A
N
N
,
(a
) F
e
e
d
-
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
ne
ura
l
n
e
t
wo
rk
s
tr
uc
tu
re,
(b) MSE
perform
a
n
ce
Fi
g
u
re
9
.
Si
m
u
la
ti
on
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
f
l
o
ad
po
w
er
wi
t
h
and
w
ith
ou
t
t
h
e
pro
pos
ed
A
N
N
&
P
I
c
ontr
o
l
l
er
f
o
r M
P
P
T
f
un
ct
ion
5.
CONCL
U
S
ION
A
new
desig
n
and
s
i
m
ula
t
ion
re
sul
t
s
o
f
a
c
e
r
tai
n
M
P
P
t
r
acke
r
b
a
sed
on
t
he
n
eu
ral
n
e
t
w
ork
a
l
go
rit
h
m
w
ith
t
he
P
I
c
o
nt
r
o
l
l
er
i
s
pro
pos
ed
i
n
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
.
The
pro
posa
l
focuse
d
on
t
h
e
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
of
d
e
l
i
v
er
ing
t
h
e
requ
ire
d
e
lec
t
ri
c
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
t
o
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
r
pump’
s
D
C
m
ot
or
i
n
r
e
m
o
t
e
far
m
s.
A
f
ul
l
des
i
g
n
o
f
a
1
kW
p
ow
er
P
V
syste
m
i
s
c
o
nsider
e
d
t
o
de
li
v
e
r
hal
f
o
f
t
h
i
s
pow
e
r
f
or
p
ump’
s
m
ot
or
r
un
n
i
n
g
d
ur
i
n
g
da
y
h
ours,
w
here
as
t
he
seco
nd
ha
lf
o
f
t
h
e
gene
ra
ted
p
o
w
e
r
is
d
es
i
gne
d
to
u
se
f
o
r
b
at
t
e
ry
c
har
g
in
g.
A
t
hr
ee
p
a
r
a
ll
e
l
c
on
ne
c
t
ed
P
V
pane
ls
a
re
a
dop
te
d
to
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
t
he
r
e
q
ui
r
e
d
D
C
e
lec
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
.
T
o
h
ave
maximum
power
point
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
,
a
n
e
w
d
e
s
i
g
n
o
f
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
n
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
A
N
N
i
s
p
r
op
ose
d
t
o
pr
od
uce
the
acc
ura
t
e
r
e
fe
renc
e
vo
lta
ge
t
o
be
t
ra
cke
d
b
y
the
de
s
i
gne
d
b
u
c
k
-
b
oost
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C
-D
C
c
o
nv
e
r
te
r
b
e
fore
d
e
l
i
v
er
in
g
to
t
he
D
C
loa
d
.
The
pro
p
o
se
d
direc
t
c
ur
rent
s
olu
t
io
n
a
v
oid
e
d
t
h
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nee
d
s
o
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a
lter
nat
i
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evic
e
s
s
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ig
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r
fi
l
t
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r
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s
t
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p
u
p
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sform
e
r,
t
his
is
l
ead
i
n
g
to
r
e
d
uce
sys
t
e
m
co
mp
l
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xi
ty
a
nd
c
ost
.
I
n
a
d
dit
i
on
,
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ndi
ca
t
e
s
the
succe
ssfu
l
s
yst
e
m
for
prac
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0
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ont
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Load
Po
w
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r
usin
g A
NN
w
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t
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P
I
Cont
r
o
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
H
i
g
h
per
f
orm
a
nce
PV system
bas
ed o
n
ar
t
i
f
i
cia
l
ne
ur
al ne
t
w
ork
MPPT
…
(H
ussa
i
n
A
tti
a
)
1
337
ACKNOW
LEDG
E
MEN
T
S
The
au
t
hors
appr
ec
iate
t
he
f
ina
n
c
i
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
rt
p
r
ovi
de
d
b
y
s
ch
oo
l
o
f
e
ngi
n
eeri
n
g
,
A
me
ri
ca
n
Un
iv
ersit
y
of
R
a
s
Al
Kh
a
i
m
ah
–
UAE,
ww
w.au
rak
.
ac.
ae/
e
n
/
schoo
l
-
o
f-engineering/
.
REFE
RENCES
[1]
YI
A
l
-
M
a
s
h
h
a
dany
,
H
A
A
tti
a
,
"No
v
el
D
es
ig
n
a
n
d
Im
plem
entat
i
on
of
P
o
r
tabl
e
Ch
arger
t
h
ro
ugh
L
ow
-P
ower
P
V
En
ergy
S
y
s
t
em,"
Adv
a
nc
e
d
Ma
te
ria
l
s Re
se
a
r
c
h
,
vol
.
9
25,
p
p
.
4
95-4
9
9
,
A
pr
2
01
4.
[2]
H.
A
.
Attia,
T
.
K
.
S.
F
reddy,
H
.
S.
C
he,
W.
P
.
Hew,
A
.
E
l
K
hat
e
b
,
"
Co
nf
in
ed
B
and
Vari
abl
e
S
w
itchin
g
F
requen
c
y
P
u
l
s
e
Width
M
odul
ati
o
n
(CB-VS
F
PW
M
)
f
o
r
S
ingl
e-P
h
ase
Inv
e
rter
w
i
t
h
LC
L
F
i
lter,"
IEEE
T
r
ansact
i
o
n
on
Po
wer
El
ectro
n
i
cs
,
vol.
3
2
(1
1),
p
p
.
8
5
9
3
–86
05
,
N
ov
2017.
[3]
Hu
ss
a
i
n
A
.
A
tti
a
,
Beza
N.
G
et
u,
Y
ou
sif
I.
A
l
-
M
a
shh
a
dan
y
,
"
D
esi
g
n
and
S
i
m
u
la
t
i
o
n
o
f
Dual
A
x
i
s
So
lar
Tracker
f
or
Opt
i
m
u
m
So
la
r
En
e
r
gy
A
bsorp
t
io
n
,
"
T
h
e Int
e
rn
at
ion
a
l
Con
f
er
en
ce
on
Elect
rical a
n
d
Elect
roni
cs En
g
i
neer
in
g
,
Clea
n E
n
erg
y
and
Green
Com
puti
ng (
EEE
CEG
C
201
3)
EEE
CEGC2
0
1
3
,
Du
ba
i,
UAE
,
Dec 2
0
1
3
.
[4]
Y.
I
.
A
l
-Mas
hhadany,
Hussai
n
A
.
A
t
ti
a,
"
Hi
gh
Perf
ormance
f
o
r
Re
al
P
ort
a
bl
e
Charg
e
r
t
h
ro
ugh
L
ow
-P
ower
P
V
Sy
ste
m
,"
In
t
e
rn
at
ion
a
l Jou
r
n
a
l of Su
st
ai
na
b
l
e
and G
r
een
Ener
gy
,
v
o
l.
4(3
-1),
p
p. 1
4
-
18
, 20
1
5
.
[5]
A
t
t
i
a
H
.
A
.
,
G
e
t
u
B
.
N
.
,
"
D
e
s
i
g
n
&
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
S
o
l
a
r
T
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
S
ystem
f
o
r
Op
tim
u
m
Energ
y
A
bs
orptio
n,
"
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l of T
h
er
ma
l
&
Environ
m
en
ta
l
E
ngi
neerin
g
,
vol
.
8
(
1),
pp.
1
7
-
24
,
2
0
1
4
.
[6]
Hussa
i
n
A.
A
t
tia,
Y.
I
.
A
l
-Ma
s
h
h
a
d
a
ny
,
Beza
N
.
Getu,
"Design
a
n
d
S
i
m
u
la
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
H
i
g
h
P
erfo
rmance
S
t
and
a
lo
ne
P
h
o
t
ov
o
l
ta
i
c
S
ys
tem,
"
ICR
E
G
A
’14
–
Ren
e
wab
l
e E
n
erg
y
: G
e
nera
ti
on
an
d Ap
plicat
io
ns, S
p
ri
ng
er
Pro
ceedi
ngs
in
En
ergy 20
14
,
J
ul
2
01
4.
[7]
Ab
delazi
z
Y
.
,
A
b
dall
ah
M
.,
Ra
f
i
k
S
.
,
Hou
a
ri
S
.,
"
O
p
t
i
m
i
zatio
n
o
f
parti
a
l
l
y
s
h
aded
P
V
array
usi
ng
a
m
o
dified
P
&O
M
P
PT
a
l
gorithm,
"
L
e
on
ard
o
Ele
ct
ro
ni
c Jou
r
nal of Pr
acti
ces a
nd
T
echn
o
l
ogi
es
, v
ol.
1
5
(
28
),
p
p
. 1
79
-19
6
, 2
01
6.
[8]
Lek
s
hm
y
Raj
a
n,
R
.
Prad
eep,
"
P
erf
o
rm
ance
A
n
al
ys
is
o
f
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
er
P
oin
t
T
rack
in
g
based
P
h
ot
ovo
lt
aic
M
o
d
u
le
w
ith
C
uk
C
o
nvert
er
f
or
E
l
e
ct
rical
A
p
p
l
i
cation
s
,
"
Inter
n
a
t
i
onal
Jou
r
n
a
l
of
Inn
o
va
tive Res
e
ar
ch i
n
El
ectr
i
cal, Electron
i
cs
,
Instr
u
m
e
nt
ati
on an
d
Co
n
t
ro
l E
ngin
eerin
g
,
v
o
l
.
1(1),
pp.
20-25
,
2
01
3.
[9]
Ab
delw
ahed
T
ouati
,
Elh
a
ssan
e
A
b
d
elm
o
unim
,
M
o
h
am
ed
A
bo
ulf
a
tah,
A
hmed
M
ou
tabi
r,
R
ado
u
an
e
M
a
jd
oul
,
"
I
mpro
ve
d
Stra
te
g
y
o
f
a
n
M
P
P
T
Ba
se
d
o
n
t
he
T
o
r
qu
e
Es
tima
t
or
f
o
r
V
ariable
S
p
eed
T
u
r
bi
ne
s,
"
International
Revi
ew
on
Mode
lling
and S
i
mulati
on
s
(
I
REMOS
)
,
vol
8
(6
),
p
p.
620-63
1,
2
0
15.
[10]
To
shihi
k
o
No
guchi
,
S
h
i
g
en
ori
To
gash
i,
Ryo
Nak
amo
t
o
,
"S
h
o
r
t-c
u
rr
en
t p
u
l
s
e-b
a
s
e
d
max
i
m
u
m-p
o
w
e
r-poi
nt
track
in
g
m
e
th
od
f
o
r
mu
ltip
le
pho
to
vo
lt
aic
-
and
-
con
v
erter
mo
du
le
s
ystem,
"
IEEE
Tr
ans
actio
n
s
on
In
du
str
i
al
Electro
ni
c
s
,
vol
.
4
9
(1
), pp
. 2
17
-2
2
, 20
0
2
.
[11]
Ma
ro
ua
ne
E
l
Azz
a
o
u
i
,
Ha
ssa
n
e
Ma
hm
ou
di
,
Ka
ri
ma
B
o
u
d
a
ra
ia
,
"S
e
n
so
rless
F
u
zzy
M
P
P
T
Tech
niqu
e
of
S
ol
ar
P
V
and
D
F
IG
B
ased
W
i
n
d
Hy
brid
S
ystem,"
Int
e
rn
ation
a
l
Re
v
i
e
w
on
Mo
de
lli
ng
a
n
d
Si
mu
la
tio
ns (I
R
E
MOS
)
,
vo
l.
10(3
)
,
p
p
.
1
5
2-15
9,
201
7.
[12]
B.
N
.
Alajm
i
,
K.
H
.
Ah
med
,
S
.
J.
F
i
n
ney
,
a
n
d
B.
W
.
W
i
ll
iams,
"F
u
z
z
y
-Log
ic
-Con
trol
A
pp
ro
ach
o
f a
M
o
d
i
fi
ed
H
ill-
Climb
i
ng
M
e
t
ho
d
fo
r
Ma
x
i
mu
m
Powe
r
Point
in
M
icrogrid
S
t
a
ndalone
P
h
o
t
ovo
lt
a
i
c
S
y
stem
,"
IEE
E
Tran
sa
c
t
io
n
o
n
Po
wer E
l
ectr
o
n
i
cs
, v
o
l
. 2
6(4
)
, pp
.
1
02
2-
10
30
,
Ap
r 2
0
1
1
.
[13]
Hu
ss
a
i
n
A.
A
ttia,
"
Com
p
arativ
e
desi
gn
o
f
f
u
zzy
l
og
ic
c
on
troller
f
o
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
p
a
n
e
l
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
i
n
t
tracking,"
Interna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
nf
erence o
n
El
ectrical
an
d Co
m
puti
n
g
T
ech
nol
ogies
and
Ap
p
licatio
ns
(
I
CE
CT
A)
,
Ras Al
Kh
a
i
m
ah
, Un
ited Arab
E
mi
r
a
t
e
s,
N
ov
20
1
7
.
[14]
Hu
ss
a
i
n
A
t
tia,
"
F
u
zzy
L
og
ic
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
ler
Effectiv
enes
s
E
v
a
l
uat
i
on
t
hrou
gh
Com
p
arati
v
e
M
e
m
b
ers
h
i
p
s
for
P
h
o
t
ov
o
l
ta
i
c
M
axi
m
u
m
P
ower
P
oin
t
T
rack
ing
Fu
ncti
on
,
"
Int
e
rnat
io
na
l
Jo
ur
nal
o
f
Po
wer
E
l
ectro
nics
a
n
d
Drive
S
y
ste
m
s (I
J
P
ED
S)
,
vol.
9
(3
),
pp.
1
14
7-1
156
,
S
ep
20
1
8
.
[15]
A.
H
.
El
K
hat
e
b,
N
.
Ab
d
Rahim
a
,
J.
S
elv
a
raja,
"Fu
zzy
l
o
g
ic
c
on
t
ro
l
ap
pro
a
ch
o
f
a
m
a
ximu
m
p
o
wer
po
int
em
pl
oy
i
n
g
SE
P
I
C
con
v
ert
e
r
f
o
r
st
andal
o
n
e
p
hotov
ol
ta
i
c
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
"
Th
e
3
r
d
In
te
rn
atio
na
l Co
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
on
S
u
staina
ble
Future f
o
r
Hum
a
n Sec
u
ri
ty
,
S
U
STAI
N 20
12
,
3
-
5
,
Kyo
to
U
n
i
ve
r
s
ity,
JA
PAN,
N
o
v
2
01
2
.
[16]
Im
am
A
bad
i
,
A
l
i
M
u
s
y
a
f
a,
A
d
i
S
oep
r
ij
ant
o
,
"Desi
g
n
an
d
Im
p
l
em
ent
atio
n
o
f
A
ctiv
e
Two
Ax
es
S
olar
T
rack
in
g
S
y
s
t
e
m
U
s
i
ng
P
arti
cle
S
w
arm
O
p
timizatio
n
Ba
s
e
d
F
u
zzy
L
o
g
i
c
C
o
n
t
roll
er,"
In
te
rna
t
io
na
l Re
v
i
e
w
on
Mo
de
lli
ng
an
d S
i
m
u
l
a
ti
ons
(
I
R
E
M
O
S
)
,
v
o
l
. 8
(6
),
p
p.
64
0
-
65
2, 20
1
5
.
[17]
Brin
dha
B
al
a
Kri
s
hn
an,
V
.
G
anap
a
t
hy
,
S.
A
pn
a
Pri
y
a,
C
.
Nav
e
e
n
K
u
m
ar,
"Design
and
Im
plem
e
n
tation
of
F
PGA
Based
Fuzzy
C
ont
r
oller
f
o
r
VIE
N
NA
R
ect
ifier,"
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
na
l R
evi
ew on Mode
lling and Simulat
i
ons
(
I
R
E
MOS)
,
v
o
l.
7
(3
), p
p.
38
7
-
3
9
3
, 20
1
4
.
[18]
M
a
th
ur
D
.
,
"M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
ower
P
oi
nt
T
racki
n
g
w
i
t
h
A
rtifici
a
l
Neural
N
et
work
,"
Inter
n
a
t
i
onal Jo
urn
a
l
of Emerg
i
n
g
Sci
e
nce a
n
d
En
g
i
n
eeri
n
g
(
I
JES
E
)
,
v
o
l
.
2
(
3
)
,
J
a
n
201
4.
[19]
N.
K
alaiaras
i,
S
.
P
a
ram
a
si
vam,
S
anch
ari
Ku
nd
u,
"
Con
t
ro
l
of
Z
-S
o
urce
Inv
e
rter
B
ased
P
V
S
y
st
em
w
it
h
M
P
P
T
Us
ing
ANFIS,"
Int
e
rn
ation
a
l
Revi
ew
on
M
o
d
elli
n
g
an
d
Simula
ti
o
n
s (
I
REM
O
S
)
,
v
o
l.
7(5
),
p
p.
7
97
-80
6
, 2
01
4.
[20]
R.
H
aq
ue,
"
T
rans
missio
n
l
o
s
s
al
locat
ion
using
artifi
c
ial
neural
n
etworks
,
"
Master
T
hesis,
U
nivers
ity
o
f
S
a
sk
atchew
an Sas
kat
oon
, S
a
s
k
ato
o
n
, Canad
a, 2
0
0
6
[21]
Fathi
A.
O
.
Aa
shoor,
"
M
a
xim
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
po
int
track
in
g
techn
i
q
u
es
f
o
r
p
hot
ovol
ta
i
c
w
a
t
er
p
um
p
i
ng
s
ystem
,
"
Ph
.D. d
issertatio
n
,
D
ep
t
.
Elect
.
E
l
ect. En
g
.
,
Un
i
v
.
o
f
Ba
t
h
,
C
l
averton
Do
wn,
U
K
,
201
5.
[22]
Hu
ss
ain
A
A
t
tia,
A
mjad
O
m
a
r,
M
aen
T
akru
ri,
"Desi
g
n
o
f
d
e
cen
tral
ized
s
t
r
eet
L
ED
lig
ht
d
im
min
g
s
yste
m
,
"
5t
h Int
e
rnati
o
n
a
l
Co
nfer
ence o
n
E
l
ectr
onic D
evices
,
Syst
ems
a
n
d
A
ppl
icati
o
n
s
(
I
CE
DSA)
,
Ras
Al
K
haimah,
Un
it
ed A
ra
b
E
m
i
r
ates
, Dec
201
6.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
Int J
Pow
El
ec &
D
ri
S
yst
,
Vol
.
10,
N
o.
3
, Se
p
2
019 :
1329
–
133
8
1
338
[23]
Hu
ss
a
i
n
A
t
ti
a
,
A
mj
ad
O
m
a
r,
M
aen
T
ak
ruri,
Hal
a
h
Y
.
A
li,
"
P
u
l
s
e
W
id
th
M
o
d
ul
ati
on
Based
Decen
trali
zed
S
treet
LED
L
ight,"
Int
e
rn
at
ion
a
l
Jo
urnal
o
f
Power
E
l
ectr
o
n
i
cs
an
d
D
r
ive S
y
st
em
(
I
JPEDS)
,
v
o
l
.
8
(3),
p
p
.
1
23
8-1
247
,
Se
p
20
17
.
[24]
M
.
H
.
Ras
h
i
d
,
"P
o
w
er
E
l
ectron
i
cs
-
C
ircuits,
Dev
i
ces,
and
A
p
p
l
i
catio
ns
,"
3r
d Ed
itio
n Pears
o
n
Edu
c
a
t
io
n:
Academi
c
P
r
,
20
04
.
[25]
Vijay
S
h
arm
a
,
"Batteri
es,
Charg
e
rs
&
A
l
t
ern
a
tors
E
xcerpt
f
rom
I
nv
e
r
te
r
Ch
arge
r
Se
rie
s
M
an
ua
l,"
SAML
EX
AM
ERICA
,
[O
n
li
ne
]
,
A
vailab
l
e : ww
w
.
s
a
m
l
ex
ame
r
i
ca.com
[26]
Hu
ds
on
Beale
M
.,
T.
H
ag
an
M
.
and
B.
D
em
ut
h
,
H
.,
"
Neural
N
etwo
rk
T
o
o
lbo
x
T
M:
U
s
e
r
’
s
Gu
ide
.
"
Ma
t
l
a
b
-
MathW
o
rks,
(
20
13).
B
I
OGRAPHIES
O
F AUTHO
RS
H
u
s
s
ain
A
tti
a
earn
e
d
h
i
s
M
.
S
c
.
deg
r
ee
i
n
el
ectro
nic
en
gi
neerin
g
f
rom
the
Uni
v
e
r
sity
o
f
T
echnol
o
gy,
Bag
hdad
,
i
n
1
9
9
9
.
H
e
earn
e
d
h
i
s
B.
S
c
.
i
n
e
l
e
ct
ron
i
c
an
d
com
m
uni
catio
n
en
g
i
neerin
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
un
iv
e
r
sity
i
n
1
9
91
.
C
u
rre
n
t
ly
h
a
s
P
h.
D
de
g
r
e
e
in
t
he
p
o
w
e
r
e
le
c
tro
n
i
c
s.
H
us
sa
in
’s
r
es
earc
h
i
n
t
erest
s
:
P
o
wer
Elect
ron
i
cs
S
ys
te
m
,
A
C
&
D
C
S
peed
C
o
n
t
r
ol
D
ri
ves,
A
nal
o
g
&
Digi
tal
E
l
ectronic
Ci
rcuits
D
e
sig
n
, PWM Inverters
(s
i
n
g
l
e phas
e
& th
r
ee ph
ases
).
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