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IJ
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n
tr
o
l
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
tw
o
le
v
el
an
d
th
r
ee
lev
el
n
e
u
tr
al
p
o
in
t
c
la
m
p
ed
i
n
v
er
ter
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
SVP
W
M
T
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
w
i
t
h
P
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
C
el
l
i
s
u
s
ed
a
s
i
n
p
u
t
s
o
u
r
ce
[
1
0
].
T
h
e
ca
r
r
ier
p
h
ase
s
h
i
f
ted
SP
W
M
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
is
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
i
n
th
e
ca
s
ca
d
e
d
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
in
v
er
ter
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
n
t
en
t
a
v
ailab
le
i
n
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
w
av
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
e
nt
w
a
v
e
,
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
ter
i
m
,
a
n
o
v
e
l
s
t
y
le
o
f
b
y
p
ass
m
a
n
a
g
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
s
p
r
o
j
ec
ted
to
co
llec
t
all
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
i
n
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
r
etu
r
n
i
t
in
to
th
e
en
er
g
y
to
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
u
n
i
t
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
f
r
a
ctal
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
a
g
en
e
r
alize
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
SVP
W
M
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
f
o
r
t
w
o
leg
g
ed
f
i
v
e
lev
el
m
u
lti
lev
e
l
in
v
er
ter
s
[
1
2
].
T
h
e
ass
ess
m
e
n
t
o
f
ca
r
r
ier
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t
b
ase
d
b
ip
o
lar
P
W
M
tech
o
n
o
lg
y
o
f
tr
in
ar
y
n
i
n
e
lev
e
l
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
s
w
i
th
v
ar
io
u
s
P
W
M
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies [
1
3
]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
n
o
v
e
l
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase,
Ni
n
e
-
le
v
el
i
n
v
er
te
r
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
w
i
th
a
T
r
in
ar
y
-
D
C
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
ar
e
g
ain
ed
b
y
ca
s
ca
d
i
n
g
a
f
u
l
l
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
ter
w
it
h
u
n
e
v
en
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
ese
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
h
av
e
s
e
v
er
al
n
e
w
p
atter
n
s
ad
o
p
tin
g
t
h
e
f
i
x
ed
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
m
u
lt
icar
r
ier
co
n
tr
o
l
f
r
ee
d
o
m
d
eg
r
ee
w
i
th
m
i
x
t
u
r
e
co
n
ce
p
t
io
n
s
ar
e
estab
li
s
h
ed
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
lated
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
ca
s
ca
d
ed
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
T
R
I
NAR
Y
M
U
L
T
I
L
E
V
E
L
I
NVE
RT
E
R
T
h
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
m
u
lt
ilev
e
l
in
v
er
ter
is
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
f
o
r
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licati
o
n
s
d
u
e
to
th
eir
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
h
ig
h
-
p
o
w
er
ac
co
m
p
an
y
i
n
g
w
i
th
le
s
s
er
o
u
tp
u
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
an
d
less
e
r
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
lo
s
s
es
.
Mu
ltil
e
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
h
as
g
r
o
w
n
in
to
an
ac
ti
v
e
an
d
ap
p
lied
r
eso
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
i
cs
d
is
to
r
tio
n
o
f
AC
lo
ad
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
T
r
in
ar
y
c
ascad
ed
m
u
lt
ilev
e
l
in
v
er
ter
co
n
tai
n
s
t
w
o
f
u
l
l b
r
id
g
es
w
it
h
d
is
s
i
m
ilar
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
f
u
ll b
r
id
g
e
co
n
tain
s
t
h
e
D
C
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
1
V
DC
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
f
u
ll b
r
id
g
e
co
n
tai
n
s
t
h
e
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
3
V
DC
as
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
Pro
p
o
s
ed
T
r
in
ar
y
C
a
s
ca
d
ed
Mu
ltil
e
v
el
I
n
v
er
te
r
E
ac
h
D
C
s
o
u
r
ce
is
co
n
n
ec
te
d
to
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
in
v
er
te
r
.
E
ac
h
in
v
er
ter
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
t
h
r
ee
d
is
s
i
m
ilar
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
le
v
e
ls
,
s
u
ch
a
s
p
o
s
iti
v
e,
ze
r
o
an
d
n
eg
at
iv
e
le
v
el
s
b
y
d
if
f
er
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
p
o
w
er
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
w
itc
h
e
s
S
1
,
S
2
,
S
3
a
n
d
S
4
.
W
h
e
n
e
v
e
r
th
e
s
w
itc
h
es,
S
1
a
n
d
S
4
i
s
t
u
r
n
ed
ON,
th
e
n
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
p
o
s
iti
v
e
le
v
e
l
(
+V
e)
;
w
h
en
e
v
er
t
h
e
s
w
i
tch
e
s
S
2
a
n
d
S
3
i
s
tu
r
n
ed
ON,
t
h
en
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
n
e
g
ati
v
e
le
v
el
(
-
V
e)
;
w
h
en
ev
er
eith
er
p
air
o
f
s
w
i
tch
e
s
(
S
1
an
d
S
2
)
o
r
(
S
3
an
d
S
4
)
is
t
u
r
n
ed
ON,
t
h
en
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
w
ill
b
e
at
ze
r
o
lev
el
(
0
)
.
T
h
en
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
f
ir
s
t
b
r
id
g
e
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
eq
u
al
to
th
e
−
1V
DC
,
0
,
o
r
1
V
DC
,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
l
y
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
s
ec
o
n
d
b
r
id
g
e
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
eq
u
al
to
th
e
−3
V
DC
,
0
,
or
3V
DC
b
y
tu
r
n
i
n
g
O
N
an
d
tu
r
n
in
g
O
FF
it
s
p
o
w
er
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
w
itc
h
es
p
r
o
p
er
ly
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
v
al
u
es
f
o
r
−
4
V
DC
,
−3
V
DC
,
−2
V
DC
,
−
1
V
DC
,
0
,
4
V
DC
,
3
V
DC
,
2
V
DC
,
1
V
DC
,
ca
n
b
e
p
lan
n
ed
,
as
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
an
d
tab
le
1
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
u
lt
ilev
el
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
lo
w
er
i
n
v
er
ter
(
HB
2
)
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
ec
ess
ar
y
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
w
i
th
t
h
r
ee
lev
el
s
,
an
d
t
h
en
th
e
u
p
p
er
in
v
er
te
r
(
HB
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
A
s
ymm
etri
ca
l
C
a
s
ca
d
ed
Mu
lti Leve
l I
n
ve
r
ter u
s
in
g
C
o
n
tr
o
l F
r
ee
d
o
m
P
u
ls
e
w
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th
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(
D.
P
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a
z
h
a
g
a
r
)
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ad
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g
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s
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b
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g
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e
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m
th
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f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
o
u
tp
u
t
v
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ltag
e
w
a
v
e
to
p
r
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d
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ce
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ev
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p
ed
w
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e
s
.
Her
e,
th
en
th
e
f
in
al
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u
t
v
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lev
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o
m
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t
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m
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b
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e,
an
d
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h
en
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
is
g
iv
e
n
i
n
(
1
a)
an
d
(
1
b
)
V
out
=V
HB1
+V
HB
2
(
1
a)
(
Or
)
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
b
r
id
g
e
is
in
d
icate
d
b
y
Vd
c
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
f
u
ll
b
r
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e
is
i
n
d
icate
d
b
y
3
Vd
c.
T
h
en
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
is
V
out
=V
DC
+3
V
DC
(
1
b
)
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
v
er
ter
cir
cu
it
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
,
if
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ca
s
ca
d
ed
H
b
r
id
g
e
s
eg
m
e
n
t
h
as
u
n
eq
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al
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
in
o
r
d
er
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
o
f
3
,
a
p
r
ed
ictab
le
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
le
v
el
s
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
as
3
,
1
,
2
,
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
m
m
Vm
T
ab
le
1
.
Ou
tp
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t
Vo
ltag
e
L
ev
e
l
an
d
T
h
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S
w
itc
h
i
n
g
Seq
u
en
c
e
o
f
P
r
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p
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s
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ML
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t
p
u
t
V
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l
t
a
g
e
L
e
v
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l
V
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ut
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
S
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
M
L
I
F
i
r
st
H
a
l
f
B
r
i
d
g
e
(
H
B
1
)
S
e
c
o
n
d
H
a
l
f
B
r
i
d
g
e
(
H
B
2
)
S
1
S
2
S
3
S
4
S
5
S
6
S
7
S
8
4V
DC
On
Off
Off
On
On
Off
Off
On
3V
DC
Off
On
Off
On
On
Off
Off
On
2V
DC
Off
On
On
Off
On
Off
Off
On
1V
DC
On
Off
Off
On
Off
On
Off
On
0
Off
On
Off
On
Off
On
Off
On
-
1V
DC
Off
On
On
Off
Off
On
Off
On
-
2V
DC
On
Off
Off
On
Off
On
On
Off
-
3V
DC
Off
On
Off
On
Off
On
On
Off
-
4V
DC
Off
On
On
Off
Off
On
On
Off
3.
CARR
I
E
R
O
VE
RL
AP
P
I
N
G
P
UL
SE
W
I
D
T
H
M
O
DULAT
I
O
N
T
E
CH
N
I
Q
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S
I
n
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
,
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
r
ef
er
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ce
s
i
g
n
als
w
it
h
s
ev
er
al
o
v
er
lap
p
in
g
tr
ia
n
g
u
lar
ca
r
r
ier
s
ar
e
s
elec
ted
to
p
r
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d
u
ce
a
p
r
ef
er
r
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t v
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r
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h
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g
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n
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m
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d
u
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s
ch
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es.
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en
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h
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p
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m
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ltil
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ter
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lar
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cin
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le
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t
v
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As
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ar
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h
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ce
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tai
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w
a
v
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i
s
d
is
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r
b
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,
t
h
er
e
is
also
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e
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al
co
n
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o
l
f
r
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tain
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m
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ase
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th
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m
o
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th
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its
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er
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ze
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en
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m
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r
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ased
p
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ls
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id
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tio
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h
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q
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es o
f
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a
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n
tr
o
l f
r
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d
o
m
.
T
h
ese
co
n
tr
o
l f
r
ee
d
o
m
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
ts
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m
b
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w
it
h
t
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m
p
le
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th
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m
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l in
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ter
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ce
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v
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w
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th
e
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elp
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m
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r
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r
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l
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th
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tech
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at
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m
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h
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o
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ets
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m
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g
s
t
ca
r
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.
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h
e
f
o
llo
w
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n
g
ca
r
r
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v
er
lap
p
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
:
Su
b
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
p
u
ls
e
w
id
t
h
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
(
SHP
W
M)
,
P
h
ase
d
is
p
o
s
it
io
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
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th
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r
r
ier
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v
er
lap
p
in
g
p
u
l
s
e
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
C
OP
W
M
-
1
)
,
P
h
ase
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
d
is
p
o
s
it
io
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
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g
w
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h
ca
r
r
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er
lap
p
in
g
p
u
ls
e
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
C
OP
W
M
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2
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,
alter
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ate
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h
a
s
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o
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p
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itio
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is
p
o
s
itio
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alo
n
g
w
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h
ca
r
r
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v
er
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in
g
p
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ls
e
w
id
t
h
m
o
d
u
latio
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(
C
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M
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3
)
.
T
h
e
ab
o
v
e
f
o
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r
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ch
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m
e
s
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e
m
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ed
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th
i
s
w
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k
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e
N
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lev
el
i
n
v
er
ter
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u
s
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1
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s
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t
h
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en
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al
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to
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m
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lit
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AC
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s
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ch
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at
t
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p
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w
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c
h
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er
;
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p
in
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tical
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etac
h
m
e
n
ts
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
ea
c
h
ca
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r
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ar
e
A
c
/2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
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2
0
1
6
:
8
5
4
862
857
3
.
1
.
Su
b H
a
r
m
o
nics
P
u
ls
e
Wi
dth
M
o
du
la
t
io
n
I
n
S
u
b
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
p
u
ls
e
w
id
t
h
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
,
all
t
h
e
t
r
ian
g
u
lar
ca
r
r
ier
s
ar
e
in
p
h
a
s
e
w
it
h
ea
c
h
o
th
er
.
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r
an
N
-
lev
el
i
n
v
er
ter
u
s
i
n
g
b
ip
o
lar
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
m
u
lt
i
ca
r
r
ier
p
u
ls
e
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es,
(
N
-
1
)
ca
r
r
ier
s
h
av
e
s
a
m
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
f
c
an
d
s
a
m
e
p
ea
k
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to
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p
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k
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
A
c
.
T
h
en
t
h
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
w
av
e
f
o
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m
h
as
a
m
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lit
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d
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o
f
A
m
a
n
d
f
r
eq
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e
n
c
y
o
f
f
m
an
d
it
i
s
ce
n
ter
ed
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ze
r
o
lev
el.
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h
e
n
t
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
w
av
e
is
al
w
a
y
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
ith
ea
c
h
o
f
th
e
tr
ian
g
u
lar
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
als.
W
h
e
n
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
w
av
e
is
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
tr
ian
g
u
lar
ca
r
r
ier
s
i
g
n
al,
t
h
e
a
ctiv
e
d
ev
ice
s
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
to
t
h
a
t
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
a
ls
ar
e
s
w
i
tch
ed
ON.
Oth
er
w
i
s
e,
th
e
d
ev
ices
s
w
i
tch
ed
O
FF
.
T
h
en
th
e
s
u
b
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
p
u
l
s
e
w
id
t
h
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
y
ield
s
o
n
l
y
o
d
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
o
r
d
er
f
o
r
o
d
d
m
f
;
a
n
d
y
ield
s
o
d
d
an
d
ev
en
o
r
d
er
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
f
o
r
ev
e
n
m
f
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
u
l
s
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
an
d
ca
r
r
ier
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t f
o
r
s
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b
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
p
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ls
e
w
id
t
h
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
m
a
=
0
.
8
5
a
n
d
m
f
=
2
0
0
0
HZ
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
ar
r
ier
an
d
r
ef
er
en
c
e
w
a
v
e
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t o
f
a
SHP
W
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co
n
tr
o
l (
m
a
=0
.
8
5
an
d
m
f
=
2
0
0
0
h
z)
3
.
2
.
Ca
rr
ier
O
v
er
la
pp
ing
I
n P
ha
s
e
Dis
po
s
it
io
n P
uls
e
W
idth
M
o
du
la
t
io
n Sy
s
t
e
m
T
h
e
v
er
tical
o
f
f
s
et
o
f
ca
r
r
ier
s
f
o
r
a
n
in
e
lev
el
T
r
in
ar
y
D
C
s
o
u
r
ce
m
u
lt
ilev
e
l
in
v
er
ter
w
ith
ca
r
r
ier
o
v
er
lap
p
in
g
i
n
p
h
ase
d
is
p
o
s
i
tio
n
p
u
ls
e
w
id
t
h
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
ill
u
s
tr
ated
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
n
th
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
all
t
h
e
eig
h
t
ca
r
r
ier
s
ar
e
o
v
er
lap
p
ed
w
ith
ea
c
h
o
th
er
an
d
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
w
av
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f
o
r
m
i
s
p
lace
d
at
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
p
o
in
t o
f
t
h
e
eig
h
t c
ar
r
ier
s
.
3
.
3
.
Ca
rr
ier
O
v
er
la
pp
ing
P
ha
s
e
O
pp
o
s
it
io
n Dis
po
s
it
io
n P
ul
s
e
Width M
o
du
la
t
io
n Sy
s
t
e
m
T
h
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
f
o
r
a
n
in
e
lev
el
T
r
in
ar
y
-
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
,
m
u
ltil
e
v
e
l
in
v
er
ter
w
it
h
ca
r
r
ier
o
v
er
lap
p
in
g
p
h
ase
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
d
is
p
o
s
itio
n
p
u
ls
e
w
id
t
h
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
I
n
th
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
all
t
h
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
u
n
if
o
r
m
l
y
in
to
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
p
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e/
n
e
g
ati
v
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
lev
els.
T
h
ese
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
p
s
ar
e
o
p
p
o
s
ite
an
d
1
8
0
◦
o
u
t
o
f
p
h
ase
w
id
th
th
o
s
e
b
elo
w
t
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e
ze
r
o
v
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u
e
s
.
180
◦
o
u
t
o
f
p
h
ase
w
it
h
ea
c
h
o
th
er
w
h
ile
m
ai
n
te
n
an
ce
in
p
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ase
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
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g
r
o
u
p
p
h
a
s
e
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
d
is
p
o
s
itio
n
p
u
l
s
e
w
id
t
h
m
o
d
u
latio
n
to
p
o
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g
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
ar
r
ier
an
d
r
ef
er
en
c
e
w
a
v
e
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
C
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P
W
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n
tr
o
l
(
m
a=
0
.
8
5
an
d
m
f
=
2
0
0
0
h
z)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
ar
r
ier
an
d
R
ef
er
en
c
e
W
av
e
A
r
r
an
g
e
m
en
t o
f
a
C
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OD
P
W
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C
o
n
tr
o
l (
m
a
=0
.
8
5
an
d
m
f
=
2
0
0
0
h
z)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
A
s
ymm
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C
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w
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…
(
D.
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h
a
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)
858
3
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4
.
Ca
rr
ier
o
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Alt
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t
e
P
ha
s
e
O
pp
o
s
it
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n P
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dth
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e
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ter
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co
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tr
o
l
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
.
M
a
li
n
o
w
sk
i.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A su
rv
e
y
o
n
c
a
sc
a
d
e
d
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rter
s”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
p
p
.
2
1
9
7
–
2
2
0
6
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
]
C.
Kiru
t
h
ik
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Imp
lem
e
n
t
a
ti
o
n
o
f
d
ig
it
a
l
c
o
n
tro
l
stra
teg
y
fo
r
a
sy
mm
e
tric
c
a
sc
a
d
e
d
m
u
lt
i
lev
e
l
in
v
e
rte
r
”,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
(ICCEE
T
),
p
p
.
2
9
5
–
3
0
0
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
]
K.
Ra
d
h
a
S
re
e
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Asy
mm
e
tr
ic
c
a
sc
a
d
e
d
mu
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rte
r
fo
r
e
lec
tric
v
e
h
icle
s’
.
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s in
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
(IC
A
ES
M
),
p
p
.
7
5
8
–
7
6
3
,
2
0
1
2
.
[4
]
Kh
o
u
c
h
a
,
F
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
s
y
m
m
e
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
a
sy
m
m
e
tr
ica
l
th
re
e
-
p
h
a
se
H
-
b
ri
d
g
e
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rter
f
o
r
DT
C
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r
d
riv
e
s”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
p
p
.
6
4
–
7
2
,
2
0
1
1
.
[5
]
E.
Ba
b
a
e
i,
“
Op
ti
m
a
l
T
o
p
o
lo
g
ies
fo
r
Ca
sc
a
d
e
d
S
u
b
-
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
Co
n
v
e
rters
”
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
V
o
l
.
1
0
,
No
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
5
1
-
2
6
1
,
2
0
1
0
.
[6
]
R.
Jo
h
n
so
n
Ut
h
a
y
a
k
u
m
a
.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
Ca
rrier
Ov
e
rlap
p
in
g
P
W
M
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
S
e
v
e
n
L
e
v
e
l
A
s
y
m
m
e
tri
c
a
l
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rter
w
it
h
v
a
rio
u
s
Re
fe
re
n
c
e
s”
,
IOS
R
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
3
0
1
-
1
3
0
7
,
2
0
1
2
.
[7
]
N.
F
a
ro
k
h
n
ia,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
F
o
rm
u
la
o
f
L
in
e
-
V
o
lt
a
g
e
T
HD
in
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
I
n
v
e
rter
W
it
h
Un
e
q
u
a
l
DC
S
o
u
rc
e
s
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s On
In
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
.
5
8
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
3
3
5
9
–
3
3
7
2
,
2
0
1
1
.
[8
]
N.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
Op
ti
m
ize
d
Disc
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
P
W
M
M
e
th
o
d
to
M
in
im
ize
S
w
it
c
h
in
g
L
o
ss
f
o
r
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rters
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s On
In
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
3
9
5
8
–
3
9
6
6
,
2
0
1
1
.
[9
]
C.
G
o
v
in
d
a
ra
ju
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ef
f
i
c
ien
t
S
e
q
u
e
n
ti
a
l
S
w
it
c
h
in
g
Hy
b
rid
-
M
o
d
u
latio
n
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
Ca
sc
a
d
e
d
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rters
”
.
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
.
2
6
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
6
3
9
–
1
6
4
8
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
0
]
S
h
a
n
tan
u
Ch
a
tt
e
rjee
,
“
A
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rter
Ba
se
d
o
n
S
VP
W
M
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
2
-
7
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
1
]
W
a
n
g
P
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
a
Ne
w
Ty
p
e
o
f
En
e
rg
y
F
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
Ca
s
c
a
d
e
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rter
S
y
st
e
m
”
,
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
,
V
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
9
4
-
5
0
2
,
2
0
1
3.
[1
2
]
De
v
isre
e
S
a
si,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
G
e
n
e
ra
li
z
e
d
S
VP
W
M
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
Tw
o
L
e
g
g
e
d
T
h
re
e
P
h
a
se
M
u
l
ti
l
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rter”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m (
IJ
PE
DS
),
V
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
7
9
-
2
8
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
3
]
D.
P
e
riy
a
a
z
h
a
g
a
r
e
t
a
l
.,”
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
stu
d
y
o
n
th
re
e
p
h
a
se
c
a
sc
a
d
e
d
in
v
e
rter
f
o
r
v
a
rio
u
s
b
ip
o
lar
P
W
M
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s,”
In
t.
J
.
M
o
d
e
ll
i
n
g
,
Id
e
n
ti
fi
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
,
V
o
l.
X
,
No
.
Y,
2
0
0
x
in
p
re
ss
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
D.
Per
iy
a
a
z
h
a
g
a
r
He
h
a
s
o
b
tai
n
e
d
B.
E
(El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
)
a
n
d
M
.
E
(
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Driv
e
s)
De
g
r
e
e
s
in
2
0
0
9
a
n
d
2
0
1
1
f
ro
m
G
KM
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
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