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b
ea
r
in
g
d
am
a
g
e,
etc
ar
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
m
aj
o
r
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
cir
cu
lati
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t.T
h
e
co
n
cu
r
r
en
t
s
w
i
tch
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
s
er
ies
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
w
i
tch
e
s
cr
ea
tes
h
ig
h
d
v
/
d
t
ac
r
o
s
s
lo
ad
t
er
m
in
a
ls
o
f
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
cir
cu
lati
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t
af
f
ec
ts
m
o
to
r
in
s
u
la
tio
n
an
d
also
th
e
ca
b
le
s
.
I
n
d
r
iv
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
it
m
a
y
ca
u
s
es
t
h
e
ele
ctr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
(
E
M
I
)
th
is
n
o
is
e
ca
u
s
es
to
tr
ip
th
e
in
v
er
ter
d
r
iv
e
[
9
]
.
I
t is v
er
y
e
s
s
e
n
tial to
li
m
it t
h
e
ci
r
cu
lati
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t to
ce
r
tain
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
.
A
M
L
I
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
cir
cu
lati
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t.
Ou
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
in
v
er
ter
w
i
ll
v
ar
y
i
n
s
m
all
i
n
c
r
e
m
en
t
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
r
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
w
itch
in
g
s
tates
[
1
0
]
,
it
allo
w
s
to
m
i
tig
ate
th
e
lo
w
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
th
er
eb
y
th
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
lo
s
s
w
ill
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
th
e
cir
cu
lati
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
d
v
/d
t
r
ate
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
ca
s
ca
d
ed
in
v
er
ter
is
w
id
el
y
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
f
o
r
th
e
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
in
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
[
1
2
]
-
[
1
3
]
,
ho
w
ev
er
t
h
e
m
ai
n
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
t
h
is
t
y
p
e
o
f
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
is
i
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
is
o
latio
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
s
o
n
A
C
s
id
e
a
n
d
a
m
o
r
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
Am
o
n
g
all
th
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
p
r
esen
t
in
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
in
v
er
t
er
,
th
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
cir
cu
lati
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t
i
s
d
er
iv
ed
f
o
r
th
e
D
C
-
M
L
I
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
t
h
e
m
o
r
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
t
to
p
o
lo
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
3
-
lev
el
in
v
er
ter
s
.
Fo
r
m
ed
iu
m
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
AC
d
r
iv
es,
th
i
s
to
p
o
lo
g
y
ca
n
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
d
ir
ec
tl
y
to
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
t
e
m
u
t
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
s
h
af
t
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
it’
s
r
es
u
lti
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t
w
er
e
s
tu
d
ied
b
y
Alg
er
i
n
1
9
2
0
’
s
[
1
4
]
.
Var
io
u
s
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
m
o
d
i
f
icatio
n
s
in
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
h
ad
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e
to
elim
i
n
ate
th
e
n
eg
ati
v
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
cir
cu
la
tin
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
v
er
m
o
to
r
b
ea
r
in
g
,
lik
e
ca
b
le
t
y
p
e,
p
ass
i
v
e
f
ilter
s
a
n
d
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
ea
r
in
g
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
t
w
o
t
y
p
es
o
f
ca
b
les
ar
e
av
aila
b
le
th
e
y
ar
e
s
h
ield
ed
t
y
p
e
an
d
u
n
s
h
ield
ed
t
y
p
e,
th
e
u
n
s
h
ield
ed
ty
p
e
o
f
ca
b
le
h
as
n
o
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
cir
cu
latin
g
c
u
r
r
en
ts
.
E
v
e
n
s
h
ield
ed
ty
p
e
o
f
ca
b
les
also
h
as
n
o
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
m
all
r
atin
g
m
o
to
r
s
,
in
h
ig
h
er
r
ated
m
o
to
r
s
,
t
h
e
m
ag
n
i
tu
d
e
o
f
cir
c
u
lat
in
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
is
i
n
v
er
s
el
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
.
P
.
p
air
o
d
am
o
n
c
h
ai
[
1
5
]
h
as
g
i
v
e
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
f
o
r
d
esi
g
n
in
g
an
d
co
m
p
licatio
n
s
w
h
ile
d
esi
g
n
in
g
p
as
s
i
v
e
f
ilter
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
4
ty
p
es
o
f
f
il
ter
s
ar
e
av
ailab
le
to
eli
m
i
n
ate
t
h
e
cir
cu
latin
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
t
h
e
y
ar
e
d
v
/d
t
f
il
ter
s
(
1
1
k
W
p
o
w
er
lev
el)
an
d
d
v
/d
t
r
ea
cto
r
s
(
1
1
0
an
d
5
0
0
k
W
p
o
w
er
lev
els),
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
f
ilter
s
[
1
6
]
,
an
d
co
m
m
o
n
-
m
o
d
e
ch
o
k
e
s
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
elim
in
atio
n
o
f
b
ea
r
i
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
s
3
0
to
9
0
%
[
1
8
]
-
[
1
9
]
b
ased
o
n
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
i
lter
o
n
lar
g
e
r
ati
n
g
m
o
to
r
s
an
d
th
er
e
is
n
o
i
m
p
ac
t
[
2
0
]
in
s
m
all
r
ati
n
g
m
o
to
r
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
th
e
p
ass
iv
e
f
ilter
s
h
av
e
m
o
r
e
s
ize
an
d
w
ei
g
h
t
p
en
al
ties
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
t
wo
t
y
p
es
o
f
b
ea
r
i
n
g
s
ar
e
av
a
ilab
le
in
s
u
la
ted
b
ea
r
in
g
[
2
1
]
-
[
2
2
]
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
b
ea
r
in
g
.
I
n
s
u
lated
b
ea
r
in
g
eli
m
i
n
ates
4
0
to
6
0
%
o
f
t
h
e
cir
cu
lati
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t
o
n
s
m
all
r
ati
n
g
m
o
to
r
s
an
d
6
0
to
8
0
%
[
2
3
]
o
n
lar
g
e
r
atin
g
m
o
to
r
s
.
H
y
b
r
id
b
e
ar
in
g
s
g
iv
e
co
m
p
lete
s
u
p
p
r
ess
i
o
n
o
f
b
ea
r
in
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
i
n
s
m
all
m
o
to
r
s
n
o
t
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
th
e
lar
g
e
m
o
to
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
4
]
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
P
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
p
r
o
v
id
es
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
al
u
es
o
f
cir
cu
l
atin
g
cu
r
r
en
t
i
n
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
th
e
cir
cu
lat
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t
s
u
p
p
r
es
s
io
n
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
ith
t
h
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
s
tr
ate
g
ies.
A
t
h
r
ee
lev
el
D
C
-
M
L
I
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
d
r
iv
e
4
0
0
V,
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
.
Sin
u
s
o
id
al
P
W
M,
P
D
-
S
P
W
M
,
P
OD
-
SP
W
M,
P
S
-
SP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
i
m
p
lem
en
ted
u
s
in
g
a
Ma
tlab
-
2
0
1
3
b
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
d
u
lati
n
g
i
n
d
ex
,
m
a
=0
.
9
an
d
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
1
0
5
0
Hz.
T
h
e
p
a
r
tial
eli
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
cir
c
u
lati
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
u
s
i
n
g
F
P
GA
-
SP
AR
T
E
N
I
I
I
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
.
T
h
e
Si
m
u
latio
n
o
u
t
p
u
t
a
n
d
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l
r
esu
lts
a
r
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
cir
cu
lati
n
g
cu
r
r
e
n
t
in
th
r
ee
-
le
v
el
d
io
d
e
cla
m
p
ed
in
v
er
ter
[
DC
-
M
L
I
]
.
2.
E
F
F
E
C
T
O
F
H
I
G
H
C
I
RCU
L
AT
I
N
G
CURR
E
N
T
S
T
h
e
cir
cu
latin
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
a
s
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
t
h
at
ex
is
ts
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
ap
p
licati
o
n
n
e
u
tr
al
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
I
NG
=
I
AN
+
I
BN
+
I
CN
3
(
1
)
T
h
e
s
h
a
f
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
n
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
s
id
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
is
i
n
d
u
ce
d
d
u
e
to
co
m
m
o
n
m
o
d
e
v
o
ltag
e
w
it
h
h
i
g
h
er
v
o
lt
a
g
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
in
m
o
d
er
n
P
W
M
in
v
er
ter
.
I
f
th
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
l
u
b
r
ican
t
i
n
t
h
e
b
ea
r
in
g
o
f
m
o
to
r
is
le
s
s
er
th
en
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
ce
d
s
h
a
f
t
v
o
ltag
e
,
cir
cu
lati
n
g
cu
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
lar
g
er
v
alu
e
w
ill
b
e
f
lo
w
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ap
p
ar
atu
s
n
e
u
tr
al
(
N)
an
d
s
u
p
p
l
y
g
r
o
u
n
d
(
G)
[
2
1
]
.
i
c
=
C
b
d
V
b
dt
(
2
)
i
c
=
B
VR
.
C
b
d
V
NG
dt
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
B
VR
is
th
e
b
ea
r
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
r
atio
.
T
h
is
cir
cu
latin
g
cu
r
r
en
t
ca
u
s
e
th
e
m
a
lf
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
s
e
n
s
it
iv
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
s
u
c
h
as
in
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
f
alse
tr
ip
p
in
g
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
f
a
u
lt
r
ela
y
s
.
I
n
r
o
tatin
g
elec
tr
ical
m
ac
h
i
n
es,
t
h
is
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
a
m
ag
e
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
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l.
8
,
No
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2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
7
:
8
4
4
–
8
5
2
846
th
e
b
ea
r
in
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t
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d
also
ca
u
s
e
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
I
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
T
h
e
in
s
tan
ta
n
eo
u
s
cu
r
r
en
t s
u
m
is
ca
lled
as th
e
cir
cu
latin
g
c
u
r
r
en
t.
T
h
e
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
cir
cu
la
tin
g
cu
r
r
en
t c
an
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
ir
cu
it d
ia
g
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
r
ee
-
lev
el
NP
C
i
n
d
u
c
t
io
n
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
w
it
h
cir
cu
la
tin
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
3.
CARR
I
E
R
SH
I
F
T
I
N
G
A
L
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
S
T
o
g
en
er
ate
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
P
W
M
s
ig
n
a
l
in
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
b
ased
p
u
ls
e
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
tr
ian
g
u
lar
ca
r
r
ier
w
a
v
e
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
th
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
in
e
w
a
v
e.
3
.
1
.
Sin
g
le
Ca
rr
ier
P
W
M
T
h
e
SP
W
M
is
a
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
in
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
.
I
n
Sin
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
ls
e
w
id
t
h
m
o
d
u
l
atio
n
,
s
in
g
le
tr
ian
g
u
lar
ca
r
r
ier
w
a
v
e
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
in
e
w
a
v
e
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
en
er
ate
f
ir
i
n
g
s
i
g
n
als
f
o
r
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
ev
ice
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
m
ed
iu
m
v
o
ltag
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
p
o
w
er
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t c
o
m
m
o
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
T
h
e
o
p
en
lo
o
p
SP
W
M
co
n
tr
o
l m
et
h
o
d
at
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
ta
l f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
is
to
m
in
i
m
ize
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
lo
s
s
es.
3
.
2
.
M
ul
t
i
Ca
rr
ier
P
W
M
T
h
e
m
u
l
ti
ca
r
r
ier
P
W
M
tech
n
i
q
u
e
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
o
n
l
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
u
lti
-
le
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
is
tech
n
i
q
u
e
is
u
s
ed
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t.
I
n
th
is
P
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
w
av
e
s
ar
e
in
t
w
o
w
a
y
s
,
t
h
e
y
ar
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
a
n
d
v
er
tica
l.
T
h
e
v
er
tical
ca
r
r
ier
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
ar
e
clas
s
i
f
ied
i
n
to
t
w
o
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
th
e
y
ar
e
P
h
ase
Dis
p
o
s
itio
n
(
P
D)
,
P
h
ase
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
Dis
p
o
s
itio
n
(
P
OD)
,
w
h
er
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t i
s
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
t
y
p
e
an
d
th
at
i
s
P
h
ase
S
h
i
f
t (
P
S)
co
n
tr
o
l te
ch
n
iq
u
e.
3
.
2
.
1
.
P
ha
s
e
dis
p
o
s
it
io
n (
P
D)
T
h
e
p
h
ase
d
is
p
o
s
itio
n
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
i
n
t
h
e
m
u
lti
ca
r
r
ier
P
W
M
.
I
n
th
i
s
t
y
p
e
o
f
tec
h
n
iq
u
e,
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ca
r
r
ier
s
d
ep
en
d
s
u
p
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
le
v
el
s
in
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
f
o
r
k
n
o
w
i
n
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ca
r
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s
is
(
m
-
1
)
,
w
h
er
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m
is
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lev
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s
.
A
ll
ca
r
r
ier
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
p
h
ase
d
is
p
o
s
i
tio
n
(
P
D,
th
e
P
D
-
P
W
M
is
b
est s
u
ited
f
o
r
th
e
NP
C
)
.
W
e
ca
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
i
s
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
(
a)
.
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
.
P
h
ase
Dis
p
o
s
itio
n
3
.
2
.
2
.
P
ha
s
e
o
pp
o
s
it
io
n dis
p
o
s
it
io
n (
P
O
D)
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ase,
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ase
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ig
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r
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3
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e
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OD
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Fig
u
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3
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b
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Dis
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o
s
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3
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2
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3
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P
S)
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n
u
m
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s
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m
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h
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ig
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3
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2
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3
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e
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e
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ase
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h
n
iq
u
e.
Fig
u
r
e
3
9
(
c)
.
P
h
ase
Sh
i
f
t
4.
ANALY
SI
S O
F
CI
RCU
L
AT
I
NG
C
URR
E
NT
D
E
P
E
NDS
O
N
SWI
T
CH
I
N
G
S
T
A
T
E
S
T
h
e
cir
cu
latin
g
cu
r
r
en
ts
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
w
itc
h
in
g
s
tates
a
v
ailab
le
in
t
h
e
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
latin
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
ca
n
b
e
s
tated
as
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
n
e
u
tr
al
an
d
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
o
in
t
o
f
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
.
Ma
g
n
itu
d
e
o
f
cir
c
u
lati
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
v
er
t
er
in
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t.
I
n
th
e
b
alan
ce
d
s
tar
co
n
n
ec
ted
lo
ad
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
p
h
a
s
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
ar
e
ze
r
o
.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
-
l
e
v
el
NP
C
i
n
v
er
ter
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
h
a
s
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
s
tates.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
2
7
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
w
itc
h
in
g
s
tate
s
ar
e
a
v
ailab
le,
ea
ch
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
tate
h
a
s
d
if
f
er
e
n
t a
m
o
u
n
t o
f
cir
cu
lat
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t.
T
h
e
s
tate
1
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
t
h
e
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
t o
f
+I
dc
/2
,
0
s
tate
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
0
A&
-
1
s
tate
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
–
I
dc
/2
.
A
ll
o
v
er
1
2
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
tate
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
±
I
dc
/6
,
7
s
tates
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
ze
r
o
cir
cu
lati
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t,
6
s
tates
p
r
o
d
u
ce
±
I
dc
/3
&
2
s
ta
tes
p
r
o
d
u
ce
±
I
dc
/2
.
So
m
e
s
a
m
p
le
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
ta
tes
an
d
th
eir
ci
r
cu
lati
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t s
h
o
w
n
i
n
t
h
e
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
5
.
CIRCUL
AT
I
N
G
CURR
E
NT
R
E
DU
CT
I
O
N
T
h
e
cir
cu
latin
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
m
i
n
i
m
i
za
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
b
y
av
o
id
in
g
th
e
ab
n
o
r
m
a
l
s
w
itc
h
in
g
o
f
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
P
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
es
li
k
e
P
D,
POD,
an
d
P
S
ca
n
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
cir
cu
lati
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
to
s
u
c
h
an
ex
ten
t,
th
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
o
f
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
is
n
o
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
T
h
e
ab
o
v
e
ch
ap
ter
g
i
v
es
th
e
d
etailed
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
th
e
av
a
ilab
le
s
w
itc
h
in
g
s
ta
tes
an
d
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
cir
cu
lati
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t.
Fro
m
th
at
an
a
l
y
s
is
s
e
lectin
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
tate
s
th
e
cir
cu
lati
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
ca
n
b
e
m
i
n
i
m
ized
.
I
n
t
h
e
p
ar
tial
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
cir
c
u
lati
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t
ca
n
b
e
eli
m
in
a
ted
u
p
to
I
dc
/3
(
n
-
1
)
f
o
r
n
-
le
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
.
I
n
th
e
p
ar
tial
eli
m
i
n
atio
n
th
e
3
-
lev
el
i
n
v
er
ter
allo
w
s
t
h
e
cir
cu
lati
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
±
I
dc
/6
.
Har
m
o
n
i
cs
is
in
v
er
s
el
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
m
o
d
e
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
is
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
th
e
r
ed
u
ct
io
n
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
e
li
m
in
a
tin
g
t
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
m
o
d
e
v
o
ltag
e.
Si
m
i
lar
l
y
t
h
e
cir
cu
lat
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t
i
s
d
ir
ec
tl
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
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Fig
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E
x
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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C
a
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r
ie
r
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h
ifti
n
g
A
lg
o
r
ith
ms fo
r
th
e
Mit
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C
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a
n
th
a
k
u
ma
r
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851
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Bim
a
l
K.
Bo
se
,
”
M
o
d
e
rn
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
A
c
Driv
e
s,”
P
u
b
li
s
h
in
P
re
n
ti
c
e
Ha
ll
P
T
R,
2
0
0
2
,
IS
B
N:
0
1
3
0
1
6
7
4
3
6
.
[2
]
Ra
sh
id
,
M
.
H.,
2
0
0
1
.
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tr
o
n
ics
:
Circu
it
s,
De
v
ice
s a
n
d
A
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s.
Ne
w
Je
rse
y
:
P
re
n
ti
c
e
Ha
ll
,
2
0
0
1
.
[3
]
J.Ro
d
rig
u
e
z
,
J.
S
.
L
a
i,
a
n
d
F
.
Z.
P
e
n
g
,
“
M
u
lt
i
lev
e
l
In
v
e
rters
:
A
S
u
rv
e
y
o
f
T
o
p
o
l
o
g
ies
,
Co
n
tr
o
ls,
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
p
p
.
7
2
4
–
7
3
8
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
0
2
.
[4
]
Ilh
a
m
i
Co
lak
,
Ersa
n
Ka
b
a
lci,
Ra
m
a
z
a
n
Ba
y
in
d
ira,
“
Re
v
ie
w
o
f
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
v
o
lt
a
g
e
so
u
rc
e
in
v
e
rte
r
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
S
c
h
e
m
e
s”
,
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
El
se
v
ier
in
En
e
rg
y
C
o
n
v
e
rs
io
n
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
5
2
(
2
0
1
1
)
1
1
1
4
–
1
1
2
8
,
se
p
2
0
1
0
.
[5
]
A
N
a
b
a
e
,
I.
T
a
k
a
h
a
sh
i,
a
n
d
H.
A
k
a
g
i,
“
A
N
e
w
Ne
u
tral
-
P
o
i
n
t
Cla
m
p
e
d
P
W
M
In
v
e
rter,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
A
p
p
l
.
,
v
o
l.
IA
-
1
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
5
1
8
–
5
2
3
,
S
e
p
.
/O
c
t.
1
9
8
1
.
[6
]
M
.
M
.
Re
n
g
e
,
a
n
d
H
.
M
.
S
u
ry
a
wa
n
sh
i,
“
F
iv
e
-
L
e
v
e
l
Dio
d
e
Clam
p
e
d
In
v
e
rter
T
o
El
im
in
a
te
Co
m
m
o
n
M
o
d
e
Vo
lt
a
g
e
A
n
d
Re
d
u
c
e
d
v
/d
t
I
n
M
e
d
iu
m
Vo
lt
a
g
e
Ra
ti
n
g
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
t
o
r
Dri
v
e
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
V
o
l.
2
3
,
N
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
5
9
8
-
1
6
0
7
,
Ju
l
.
2
0
0
8
.
[7
]
M
c
G
ra
th
,
B.
P
.
a
n
d
D.G
.
Ho
lm
e
s,
“
M
u
lt
ica
rrier
P
W
M
S
trate
g
ies
f
o
r
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rters
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
o
n
In
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
Vo
lu
m
e
4
9
,
Iss
u
e
4
,
A
u
g
u
st 2
0
0
2
,
p
p
.
8
5
8
-
8
6
7
.
[8
]
M
o
h
a
n
M
.
Re
n
g
e
a
n
d
Hira
lal
M
.
S
u
ry
a
w
a
n
sh
i,
”
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rte
r
to
Re
d
u
c
e
Co
m
m
o
n
M
o
d
e
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
in
A
C
M
o
to
r
Driv
e
s Us
in
g
S
P
W
M
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
”
,
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
Vo
l.
1
1
,
No
.
1
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
1
.
[9
]
H.
A
k
a
g
i
a
n
d
S
.
T
a
m
u
ra
,
“
A
P
a
ss
iv
e
EM
I
F
il
ter
F
o
r
E
li
m
in
a
ti
n
g
B
o
th
Be
a
rin
g
C
u
rre
n
t
A
n
d
G
ro
u
n
d
L
e
a
k
a
g
e
Cu
rre
n
t
F
ro
m
A
n
In
v
e
rter
-
Dri
v
e
n
M
o
to
r
,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
9
8
2
–
9
8
9
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
0
6
.
[1
0
]
Ilh
a
m
i
Co
lak
,
Ersa
n
Ka
b
a
lci,
Ra
m
a
z
a
n
Ba
y
in
d
ira,
“
Re
v
ie
w
o
f
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
v
o
lt
a
g
e
so
u
rc
e
in
v
e
rte
r
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
S
c
h
e
m
e
s”
,
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
El
se
v
ier
in
En
e
rg
y
C
o
n
v
e
rs
io
n
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
5
2
(
2
0
1
1
)
1
1
1
4
–
1
1
2
8
,
se
p
2
0
1
0
.
[1
1
]
A
.
L
.
Ju
li
a
n
,
G
.
Oriti
,
a
n
d
T
.
A
.
L
ip
o
,
“
El
im
in
a
ti
o
n
Of
Co
m
m
o
n
-
M
o
d
e
V
o
lt
a
g
e
In
T
h
re
e
-
P
h
a
se
S
i
n
u
so
i
d
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
Co
n
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
9
8
2
–
9
8
9
,
S
e
p
.
1
9
9
9
.
[1
2
]
Am
it
Ku
m
a
r
G
u
p
ta,
S
tu
d
e
n
t
M
e
m
b
e
r,
IE
EE
,
a
n
d
A
sh
w
in
M
.
K
h
a
m
b
a
d
k
o
n
e
,
S
e
n
i
o
r
M
e
m
b
e
r,
IEE
E,
“
A
S
p
a
c
e
V
e
c
to
r
M
o
d
u
latio
n
S
c
h
e
m
e
to
Re
d
u
c
e
Co
m
m
o
n
M
o
d
e
V
o
lt
a
g
e
f
o
r
Ca
sc
a
d
e
d
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
6
7
2
–
1
6
8
1
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
0
7
.
[1
3
]
P.
C.
L
o
h
,
D.
G
.
Ho
l
m
e
s,
Y.
F
u
k
u
ta,
a
n
d
T
.
A
.
L
ip
o
,
“
Re
d
u
c
e
d
Co
m
m
o
n
-
M
o
d
e
M
o
d
u
lati
o
n
S
trate
g
i
e
s F
o
r
Ca
sc
a
d
e
d
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
A
p
p
l
.
,
v
o
l.
3
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
3
8
6
–
1
3
9
5
,
S
e
p
.
–
Oc
t.
2
0
0
3
.
[1
4
]
A
l
g
e
r
P
.
,
S
a
m
so
n
H.,
"
S
h
a
f
t
Cu
rr
e
n
ts i
n
El
e
c
tri
c
M
a
c
h
in
e
s
"
A
.
I.
R.
E.
Co
n
f
.
,
F
e
b
.
1
9
2
4
.
[1
5
]
F
.
En
d
re
jat
a
n
d
P
.
P
il
lay
,
“
Re
so
n
a
n
c
e
o
v
e
rv
o
lt
a
g
e
s
in
m
e
d
iu
m
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
d
riv
e
s
y
ste
m
s,”
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
Ap
p
l
.
,
v
o
l.
4
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
1
9
9
–
1
2
0
9
,
J
u
l.
2
0
0
9
.
[1
6
]
P
.
P
a
ir
o
d
a
m
o
n
c
h
a
i,
S
.
S
u
w
a
n
k
a
win
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
a
n
g
w
o
n
g
w
a
n
ich
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
h
y
b
rid
o
u
t
p
u
t
EM
I
f
il
ter
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
c
o
m
m
o
n
m
o
d
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
in
P
W
M
in
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
Ap
p
l
.
,
v
o
l.
4
5
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
6
4
7
–
1
6
5
9
,
S
e
p
.
/Oc
t.
2
0
0
9
.
[1
7
]
S
.
Og
a
sa
w
a
r
a
a
n
d
H.
Ak
a
g
i,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
d
a
m
p
in
g
o
f
h
ig
h
-
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
lea
k
a
g
e
c
u
rre
n
ts
in
P
W
M
in
v
e
rter
-
f
e
d
a
c
m
o
to
r
d
riv
e
sy
ste
m
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
A
p
p
l
.
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
1
0
5
–
1
1
1
4
,
S
e
p
.
1
9
9
6
.
[1
8
]
A
.
v
o
n
Jo
u
a
n
n
e
a
n
d
P
.
En
jeti,
“
D
e
sig
n
c
o
n
sid
e
ra
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
a
n
in
v
e
rt
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
f
il
ter
to
m
it
ig
a
te
t
h
e
e
ff
e
c
ts
o
f
lo
n
g
m
o
to
r
lea
d
s in
A
S
D ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
A
p
p
l
.
,
v
o
l
.
3
3
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
8
–
1
1
4
5
,
S
e
p
.
1
9
9
7
.
[1
9
]
A
.
M
o
re
ira,
P
.
S
a
n
t
o
s,
T
.
L
ip
o
,
a
n
d
G
.
V
e
n
k
a
tara
m
a
n
a
n
,
“
F
il
ter n
e
t
w
o
rk
s
f
o
r
lo
n
g
c
a
b
le
d
riv
e
s a
n
d
t
h
e
ir
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
n
m
o
to
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
d
istr
ib
u
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
o
n
-
m
o
d
e
c
u
rre
n
ts,”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
In
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
1
5
–
5
2
2
,
A
p
r.
2
0
0
5
.
[2
0
]
D.
G
ra
o
v
a
c
,
T
.
Ho
ffm
a
n
n
,
a
n
d
A
.
Ha
lt
m
a
ir,
“
A
tran
sfe
r
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
a
c
o
m
m
o
n
m
o
d
e
f
il
ter
(c
m
m
f)
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
in
t
h
e
P
W
M
in
v
e
rter
su
p
p
li
e
d
m
o
to
r
d
riv
e
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
.
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
9
3
–
1
0
1
,
M
a
r.
2
0
1
1
.
[2
1
]
C.
Bh
a
ra
ti
Ra
ja,
S
.
Ra
g
h
u
,
“
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
Di
ff
e
re
n
t
P
W
M
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
to
Re
d
u
c
e
th
e
Co
m
m
o
n
M
o
d
e
V
o
l
tag
e
in
T
h
re
e
-
L
e
v
e
l
Ne
u
tral
-
P
o
in
t
-
Clam
p
e
d
In
v
e
rters
f
o
r
V
a
riab
le
S
p
e
e
d
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
Driv
e
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
.
,
v
o
l
3
,
n
o
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
-
1
5
5
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
3
[2
2
]
M
.
Ca
v
a
lca
n
ti
,
K.
d
e
Oliv
e
ira,
A.
d
e
F
a
rias
,
F
.
Ne
v
e
s,
G
.
Az
e
v
e
d
o
,
a
n
d
F
.
Ca
m
b
o
im
,
“
M
o
d
u
lati
o
n
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
to
e
li
m
in
a
te
lea
k
a
g
e
c
u
rre
n
ts
in
tr
a
n
sf
o
r
m
e
rle
ss
th
re
e
-
p
h
a
se
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
s
y
ste
m
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
I
n
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
3
6
0
–
1
3
6
8
,
A
p
r.
2
0
1
0
.
[2
3
]
S
.
Be
ll
,
T
.
Co
o
k
so
n
,
S
.
Co
p
e
,
R
.
Ep
p
e
rly
,
A
.
F
isc
h
e
r,
D.
S
c
h
leg
e
l,
a
n
d
G
.
S
k
ib
in
sk
i,
“
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
w
it
h
v
a
riab
le
-
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
riv
e
s a
n
d
m
o
to
r
b
e
a
rin
g
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
Ap
p
l
.
,
v
o
l.
3
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
4
3
8
–
1
4
4
6
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
0
1
.
[2
4
]
D.
Bu
ss
e
,
J.
Er
d
m
a
n
,
R.
Ke
rk
m
a
n
,
D.
S
c
h
leg
e
l,
a
n
d
G
.
S
k
ib
in
sk
i,
“
A
n
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
e
lec
tro
sta
ti
c
sh
ield
e
d
i
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r:
A
so
lu
ti
o
n
f
o
r
ro
to
r
sh
a
f
t
v
o
lt
a
g
e
b
u
il
d
u
p
a
n
d
b
e
a
rin
g
c
u
r
re
n
t,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
In
d
.
Ap
p
l
.
,
v
o
l.
3
3
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
5
6
3
–
1
5
7
0
,
No
v
.
/De
c
.
1
9
9
7
.
[2
5
]
C.
Bh
a
ra
ti
Ra
ja,
S
.
Ra
g
h
u
,
“
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
Di
ff
e
re
n
t
P
W
M
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
to
Re
d
u
c
e
th
e
Co
m
m
o
n
M
o
d
e
V
o
l
tag
e
in
T
h
re
e
-
L
e
v
e
l
Ne
u
tral
-
P
o
in
t
-
Clam
p
e
d
In
v
e
rters
f
o
r
V
a
riab
le
S
p
e
e
d
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
Driv
e
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
.
,
v
o
l
3
,
n
o
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
-
1
5
5
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
3
[2
6
]
C.
Bh
a
ra
ti
ra
ja,
S
.
Je
e
v
a
n
a
n
th
a
n
,
R.
L
a
th
a
,
“
V
e
c
to
r
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
-
b
a
se
d
He
x
a
g
o
n
a
l
H
y
ste
re
sis
S
p
a
c
e
V
e
c
to
r
Cu
rre
n
t
C
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
f
o
r
a
T
h
re
e
-
p
h
a
se
Dio
d
e
Clam
p
e
d
M
L
I
w
it
h
Ca
p
a
c
it
o
r
Vo
lt
a
g
e
Ba
lan
c
in
g
”
,
IET
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
9
,
Iss
u
e
7
,
p
p
.
1
3
5
0
-
1
3
6
1
,
8
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
6
.
[2
7
]
C.
Bh
a
ra
ti
ra
ja,
JL
m
u
n
d
a
,
S
riram
s
a
i
N,
S
a
i
Na
v
e
n
e
e
sh
T
,
“
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
Co
m
m
o
n
M
o
d
e
Vo
lt
a
g
e
f
o
r
a
Ne
u
tral
-
P
o
in
t
-
Cl
a
m
p
e
d
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rter
Driv
e
a
n
d
it
s
in
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
e
li
m
in
a
ti
o
n
t
h
ro
u
g
h
S
VP
W
M
S
w
it
c
h
in
g
-
S
tate
Re
d
u
n
d
a
n
c
y
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
,
V
o
l
7
,
N
o
3
:
P
a
g
e
s
1
2
5
-
1
4
6
.
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
6
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
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.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
7
:
8
4
4
–
8
5
2
852
[2
8
]
C.
Bh
a
ra
ti
ra
ja,
R.
L
a
th
a
,
Dr.
S
.
Je
e
v
a
n
a
n
th
a
n
,
S
.
Ra
g
h
u
a
n
d
Dr.
S
.
S
.
Da
sh
.
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
V
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
S
im
p
le
S
p
a
c
e
V
e
c
to
r
P
W
M
S
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
T
h
re
e
-
L
e
v
e
l
NP
C
-
M
L
I
w
it
h
In
v
e
stig
a
t
io
n
o
f
Dc
L
in
k
I
m
b
a
lan
c
e
u
sin
g
F
P
GA
IP
Co
re
”
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
e
d
it
i
o
n
1
,
p
p
5
4
-
6
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
9
]
C.
Bh
a
ra
ti
ra
ja,
S
.
Je
e
v
a
n
a
n
th
a
n
,
J.L
.
M
u
n
d
a
,
a
n
d
R.
L
a
th
a
,
“
I
m
p
ro
v
e
d
S
VP
W
M
v
e
c
to
r
se
lec
ti
o
n
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s
in
OV
M
re
g
io
n
to
re
d
u
c
e
c
o
m
m
o
n
-
m
o
d
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
f
o
r
th
re
e
-
lev
e
l
n
e
u
tral
p
o
i
n
t
c
lam
p
e
d
in
v
e
rte
r,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
Po
we
r &
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
.
,
v
o
l.
7
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
8
5
–
2
9
7
,
J
u
ly
2
0
1
6
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.