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1
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2
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[
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g
e
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R
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s
[
6
]
.
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[
7
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,
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8
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I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N:
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8
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p
tio
n
m
o
d
el
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
s
es
ti
m
a
te
t
h
e
r
esid
en
tial
d
e
m
an
d
t
h
at
q
u
a
n
ti
f
ies
co
n
s
u
m
er
,
en
er
g
y
an
d
u
s
ag
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
th
an
it
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
ac
cu
r
at
e
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
llab
le
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
is
t
o
p
r
esen
t
a
n
e
w
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
m
an
a
g
i
n
g
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
iz
in
g
d
i
s
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
elec
tr
icit
y
co
m
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
in
s
ta
n
d
al
o
n
e
m
icr
o
-
g
r
id
s
an
d
r
ec
o
v
er
in
g
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
o
f
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
w
aste
u
s
in
g
a
n
e
w
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
e
lectr
ical
p
o
w
er
m
u
tu
a
lizatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
h
o
m
e
s
i
n
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
ar
ea
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
d
r
aw
s
u
p
o
n
th
e
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
h
o
m
e.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
it
ca
n
r
esp
o
n
d
t
o
th
e
h
i
g
h
-
e
n
er
g
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
s
b
y
ea
c
h
h
o
m
e
in
r
ea
l
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
is
u
s
ed
t
o
c
o
n
tr
o
l
an
d
s
h
ar
e
au
to
m
at
icall
y
th
e
P
V
b
lo
ck
s
a
m
o
n
g
as
m
an
y
h
o
m
e
s
as p
o
s
s
i
b
le.
I
n
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
,
w
e
r
ep
o
r
t
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
o
f
P
VB
M
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
a
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
ab
le
to
g
iv
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
b
eh
a
v
io
r
in
r
ea
l
ti
m
e.
T
h
is
s
o
lu
tio
n
allo
w
s
th
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
al
l
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
P
VB
M
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
th
i
s
s
o
l
u
tio
n
is
e
v
al
u
ate
m
ai
n
m
o
d
el
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
b
lo
ck
s
allo
ca
tio
n
o
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
h
o
m
es,
ca
lc
u
late
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
lo
ck
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
ea
ch
h
o
m
e,
s
i
m
u
late
th
e
s
w
itc
h
m
atr
i
x
a
n
d
v
is
u
alize
all
th
e
s
e
d
ata
a
n
d
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
y
s
te
m
b
eh
a
v
io
r
in
r
ea
l
ti
m
e.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
i
s
P
VB
M
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
ar
e
test
ed
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Sectio
n
I
I
in
tr
o
d
u
c
es
th
e
m
u
tu
a
lizatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
th
e
s
w
itc
h
to
p
o
lo
g
y
in
cl
u
d
in
g
a
n
d
th
e
ir
im
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
.
Sectio
n
I
I
I
d
is
cu
s
s
es
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
it
io
n
a
n
d
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
y
s
y
s
te
m
.
On
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
Sectio
n
I
V
d
is
c
u
s
s
e
s
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
s
.
F
in
all
y
,
Secti
o
n
V
co
n
cl
u
d
es
t
h
e
p
ap
er
.
2.
P
VB
M
SYST
E
M
DE
SCR
I
P
T
I
O
N
2
.
1
.
Descript
io
n o
f
P
ho
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
B
lo
ck
s
M
utua
liza
t
io
n Sy
s
t
e
m
T
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
b
lo
ck
s
m
u
t
u
aliza
tio
n
(
P
VB
M)
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
s
h
ar
e
au
to
m
atica
ll
y
th
e
P
V
b
lo
ck
s
b
et
w
ee
n
h
o
m
es
i
n
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
ar
ea
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
s
y
n
o
p
tic
o
f
m
u
tu
a
lizatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
b
et
w
ee
n
h
o
m
e
s
,
all
h
o
m
es
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
it
m
an
ag
e
s
th
e
m
u
t
u
aliza
tio
n
b
etw
ee
n
t
w
o
h
o
m
es
at
least;
ea
c
h
o
n
e
h
as
m
in
i
m
u
m
t
w
o
P
V
b
lo
c
k
s
,
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
ese
P
V
b
lo
ck
s
is
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
l
y
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
i
s
h
o
m
e.
T
h
e
s
h
ar
ed
b
lo
ck
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
h
o
m
es
v
ia
a
s
w
itch
in
g
m
atr
i
x
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
b
et
w
ee
n
h
o
m
es a
n
d
d
if
f
er
en
t b
lo
ck
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
S
y
n
o
p
tic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
P
VB
M
s
y
s
te
m
b
et
w
ee
n
h
o
m
es i
n
s
ta
n
d
alo
n
e
ar
ea
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
P
VB
M
s
w
itc
h
in
g
m
atr
i
x
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
m
atr
ix
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Ns
w
r
ela
y
s
to
allo
w
a
p
ar
allel
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
s
h
ar
ed
b
lo
ck
s
an
d
th
e
p
er
m
a
n
e
n
t b
lo
ck
s
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
=
∗
ℎ
(
1
)
S
w
(
1,
1)
S
w
(
1,
2
)
S
w
(
1,
3)
S
w
(
1,
N
)
S
w
(
2,
1)
Sw
(2
,
2
)
S
w
(
2,
3)
S
w
(
2,
N
)
S
w
(
3,
1)
S
w
(
3,
2)
S
w
(
3,
3)
S
w
(
3,
N
)
S
w
(
M
,1
)
S
w
(
M
,2
)
S
w
(
M
,3
)
S
w
(
M
,N
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
8
:
98
–
1
0
4
100
E
ac
h
b
lo
ck
w
ill
h
a
v
e
to
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
an
y
o
t
h
er
b
lo
ck
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
ter
m
i
n
al
o
f
a
P
V
b
lo
ck
w
i
ll
b
e
co
n
n
ec
t
ed
to
th
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
ter
m
i
n
al
o
f
an
y
o
th
er
b
lo
ck
.
L
i
k
e
w
i
s
e,
t
h
e
n
e
g
ati
v
e
ter
m
in
al
w
il
l h
a
v
e
a
m
ea
n
s
o
f
co
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
to
th
e
n
eg
a
tiv
e
ter
m
i
n
al
o
f
an
y
o
t
h
er
b
lo
ck
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
f
o
r
th
e
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
ed
,
o
n
l
y
(
Nb
*
M
h
)
s
w
itc
h
e
s
w
ill
b
e
u
t
ilized
to
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
e
th
e
b
lo
ck
s
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
.
Mh
i
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
m
e
s
an
d
Nb
is
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
b
lo
ck
s
d
ed
icate
d
to
th
e
m
u
tu
a
lizatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
u
ch
:
=
∑
[
(
)
=
1
−
1
]
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
(
)
: is t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
b
lo
ck
s
o
f
ea
c
h
h
o
m
e.
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
s
co
n
tain
o
n
e
o
r
m
a
n
y
P
V
p
an
el
s
ass
o
ciate
d
i
n
s
e
r
ies
(
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
)
,
p
a
r
allel
(
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
)
o
r
m
i
x
ed
ass
o
c
iatio
n
Ser
ies
-
P
ar
allel
(
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
c)
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
n
n
ec
t
io
n
to
p
o
lo
g
i
es o
f
th
e
P
V
ar
r
a
y
:
s
er
ies (
a)
,
p
ar
allel
(
b
)
,
s
er
ies
-
p
ar
allel
(
c)
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
as
te
s
ted
u
s
i
n
g
t
w
o
h
o
m
es.
E
ac
h
o
n
e
h
as
t
w
o
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
b
lo
ck
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
o
n
e
i
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
p
er
m
a
n
en
tl
y
to
th
e
h
o
m
e
w
h
ile
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
o
n
e
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
u
t
u
aliza
t
io
n
.
2
.
2
.
P
VB
M
Alg
o
rit
hm
T
o
c
o
n
tr
o
l
th
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
m
atr
i
x
an
d
g
e
n
er
ate
th
e
ad
eq
u
a
te
P
V
b
lo
ck
s
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
a
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
f
P
V
b
lo
ck
s
m
u
tu
a
lizatio
n
is
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
e
th
e
P
V
b
lo
ck
s
a
n
d
co
n
n
ec
t
t
h
e
m
in
p
ar
allel
w
i
th
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
h
o
m
es
i
n
s
ta
n
d
alo
n
e
m
icr
o
-
g
r
id
,
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
ea
ch
h
o
m
e.
T
h
i
s
m
u
tu
al
izatio
n
ca
n
li
m
it
t
h
e
wasted
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
,
w
h
ich
is
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
i
n
ad
eq
u
ate
s
to
r
ag
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
ap
p
lies
to
Nb
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
b
lo
ck
s
a
n
d
Mh
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
m
es.
T
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
ar
t
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
a
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
t
h
at
is
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
u
s
in
g
C
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
co
d
es
ar
e
tar
g
eted
to
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
ME
GA
to
b
e
co
m
p
iled
an
d
u
p
lo
ad
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
P
VB
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
S
t
a
r
I
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
h
o
me
s
(
M
h
)
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
u
mb
e
r
o
f
p
e
r
so
n
a
l
b
l
o
c
k
s (N
p
)
o
f
e
a
c
h
h
o
me
.
D
e
t
e
c
t
a
n
d
c
o
mp
a
r
e
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
(
V
h
)
a
c
r
o
ss t
h
e
f
i
r
st
h
o
me
(
k
)
w
i
t
h
t
w
o
t
h
r
e
sh
o
l
d
v
a
l
u
e
s (V
max
)
a
n
d
(
V
mi
n
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.
C
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
a
n
e
w
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
ma
t
r
i
x
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
mo
v
e
s t
o
t
h
e
n
e
x
t
h
o
me
(
k
+
1
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
A
N
ew P
h
o
to
vo
lta
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B
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s
Mu
tu
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tio
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Mic
ro
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.
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d
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r
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o
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a
r
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101
T
h
is
alg
o
r
it
h
m
is
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
s
o
th
at
a
n
y
h
o
m
e,
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
tr
o
u
b
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ca
n
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ec
t
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t
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h
i
s
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er
s
o
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al
b
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ck
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t
o
f
th
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
ed
in
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
m
atr
i
x
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
co
n
s
i
s
ts
in
r
ea
ctin
g
i
n
s
ta
n
tl
y
f
o
llo
w
in
g
th
e
ch
an
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
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ar
iab
les
(
v
o
ltag
e
at
t
h
e
ter
m
i
n
als
o
f
ea
c
h
h
o
m
e)
an
d
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lcu
l
ates
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
m
atr
i
x
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tep
s
:
Step
1
: I
d
en
tify
t
h
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
m
es (
M
h
)
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
er
s
o
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al
b
lo
ck
s
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o
f
ea
ch
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m
e.
Step
2
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etec
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th
e
v
o
ltag
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(
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h
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ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
f
ir
s
t
h
o
m
e
(
k
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d
th
e
n
co
m
p
ar
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it
w
i
th
t
wo
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esh
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ld
v
al
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es
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m
a
x
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a
n
d
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m
i
n
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.
T
h
r
ee
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s
es a
r
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le:
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T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vh
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i
s
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
(
V
m
a
x
)
:
t
h
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
u
b
tr
ac
ts
a
b
lo
ck
f
r
o
m
th
at
h
o
m
e
(
f
o
r
th
e
s
h
ar
i
n
g
)
a
n
d
m
o
v
e
s
to
th
e
n
e
x
t h
o
m
e
(
k
+
1
)
.
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h
e
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vh
)
is
b
et
w
ee
n
(
V
m
a
x
)
an
d
(
V
m
i
n
)
th
e
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
m
o
v
e
s
to
th
e
n
ex
t h
o
m
e
(
k
+1
)
.
b.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
h
)
i
s
le
s
s
th
a
n
(
V
m
i
n
)
: a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
t
h
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
ee
k
s
a
f
r
ee
b
lo
c
k
to
ad
d
to
t
h
is
h
o
m
e
(
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
eser
v
e
o
f
u
n
u
s
ed
b
lo
ck
s
a
n
d
s
h
ar
ed
b
y
o
t
h
er
h
o
m
e
s
k
'≠
k
)
.
I
f
n
o
f
r
ee
b
lo
ck
s
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
,
th
e
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
co
m
p
ar
es
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
b
lo
ck
s
(
Np
)
o
f
t
h
e
h
o
m
e
k
w
i
th
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
s
ta
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
b
lo
ck
s
(
Nu
)
to
th
i
s
o
n
e:
I
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
al
b
l
o
ck
s
(
Np
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is
s
tr
ictl
y
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
i
n
s
ta
n
ta
n
e
o
u
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
b
lo
ck
s
(
Nu
)
,
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
e
ar
ch
es
f
o
r
a
h
o
m
e
(
k
’
≠
k
)
th
a
t
u
s
es
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
lo
ck
s
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
is
p
er
s
o
n
al
b
lo
ck
s
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
u
b
tr
ac
ts
o
n
e
b
lo
ck
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
h
o
m
e
k
'
a
n
d
ad
d
s
it
to
th
e
h
o
m
e
k
.
E
ls
e,
th
e
al
g
o
r
i
th
m
m
o
v
es to
t
h
e
n
e
x
t h
o
m
e
(
k
+
1
)
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
u
s
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
r
e
n
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
u
c
h
as
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
aic
s
y
s
te
m
,
w
i
n
d
o
r
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
s
ev
e
r
al
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y
p
es o
f
r
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
th
e
P
VB
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
n
th
e
ca
s
e,
w
h
e
n
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
h
)
is
s
m
al
ler
th
an
(
V
m
i
n
)
2
.
3
.
H
a
rdw
a
re
I
m
ple
m
ent
a
t
i
o
n a
nd
E
x
peri
m
e
nta
l Set
up
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
8
:
98
–
1
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4
102
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
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s
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r
ce
ele
ctr
o
n
ics
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
in
g
p
lat
f
o
r
m
b
ased
o
n
f
lex
ib
le,
ea
s
y
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to
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u
s
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
an
d
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
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r
d
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in
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n
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e
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ir
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t
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n
co
m
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icate
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t
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t,
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r
d
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n
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ME
G
A
i
s
u
s
ed
as
th
e
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ai
n
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n
tr
o
ller
b
ec
au
s
e
it
s
a
tis
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th
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e
co
n
d
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s
:
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h
e
Me
g
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2
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6
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a
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ller
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ased
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t
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ca
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1
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t
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4
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s
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h
ar
d
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ar
e
s
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p
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ts
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,
a
1
6
MH
z
cr
y
s
tal
o
s
cilla
to
r
,
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USB
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
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p
o
w
er
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ac
k
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an
I
C
SP
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ea
d
er
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b
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tto
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e
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ller
;
s
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m
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n
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it to
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ter
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ith
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le
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r
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o
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to
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ter
o
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atter
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et
s
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ted
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h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
t
h
e
P
VB
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s
y
s
te
m
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
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etec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
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o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
ter
m
i
n
a
ls
o
f
ea
c
h
h
o
m
e
a
n
d
co
m
p
ar
in
g
t
h
is
v
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ltag
e
w
it
h
to
w
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
alu
es
V
m
a
x
&
V
m
i
n
.
Af
ter
th
is
,
th
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
ca
lcu
late
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e
ad
eq
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ate
s
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itc
h
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n
g
m
atr
ix
.
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o
p
r
o
o
f
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t,
A
s
m
all
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s
ca
le
p
r
o
to
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y
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h
a
s
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o
r
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h
is
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to
ty
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e
d
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m
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ates
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t
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d
f
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n
ctio
n
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it
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o
f
t
h
e
P
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s
y
s
te
m
.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
o
f
p
h
o
to
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o
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b
lo
ck
s
m
u
t
u
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ti
o
n
s
y
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te
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is
d
e
v
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p
ed
to
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ag
e
th
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tr
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y
m
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tu
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lizatio
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b
et
w
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n
t
w
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h
o
m
e
s
,
ea
c
h
h
o
m
e
eq
u
ip
p
ed
w
i
th
th
r
ee
p
h
o
to
v
o
lta
ic
b
lo
ck
s
.
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h
e
f
ir
s
t
b
lo
ck
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
p
er
m
a
n
e
n
tl
y
to
t
h
e
h
o
m
e
an
d
t
w
o
b
lo
c
k
s
ar
e
d
ed
icate
d
to
t
h
e
m
u
t
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aliza
tio
n
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et
w
ee
n
h
o
m
e
s
.
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h
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
e
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s
y
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te
m
m
a
n
ag
e
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h
e
m
u
t
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n
o
f
f
o
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r
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V
b
l
o
ck
s
,
ea
ch
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e
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n
s
is
t
o
f
o
n
e
P
V
p
an
el
(
2
0
W
)
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
ch
ar
g
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
a
n
d
lead
ac
id
b
atter
y
(
1
2
V)
.
T
h
e
h
o
m
es
co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
f
o
u
r
la
m
p
s
(
1
2
V/2
0
W
)
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
p
ar
allel.
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
y
s
te
m
it
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o
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r
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r
o
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t
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ter
m
i
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al
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ch
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E
ac
h
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e
n
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o
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i
n
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tal
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th
e
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er
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a
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at
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o
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o
n
tw
o
h
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m
e
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d
h
a
n
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le
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p
o
s
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ib
le
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n
f
i
g
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r
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s
,
th
e
s
w
itc
h
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n
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s
y
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m
co
n
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i
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ts
o
f
eig
h
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r
ela
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s
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n
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ec
ti
n
g
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h
h
o
m
e
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d
if
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er
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t
b
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s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
d
escr
ib
ed
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
An
A
r
d
u
in
o
Me
g
a
b
o
ar
d
is
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
b
lo
ck
s
m
u
tu
al
iza
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
d
i
g
ital
OUT
P
U
T
s
o
f
ar
d
u
i
n
o
b
o
ar
d
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d
eliv
e
r
s
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n
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o
l
v
o
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g
e
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o
r
ea
ch
r
ela
y
(
5
V
clo
s
ed
r
elay
,
0
V
o
p
en
ed
r
elay
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
P
V
B
M
s
y
s
te
m
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
th
e
P
VB
M
s
y
s
te
m
m
a
n
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g
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m
en
t
3.
DATA AC
Q
U
I
S
I
T
I
O
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SO
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Data
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ac
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llect,
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ati
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d
s
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g
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[
1
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]
.
Ko
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r
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[
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]
.
T
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d
itio
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o
n
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Vir
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h
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g
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Natio
n
al
I
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s
tr
u
m
en
ts
t
h
a
t
u
s
e
s
ico
n
s
i
n
th
e
p
lace
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f
tex
t
o
f
p
r
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g
r
am
m
i
n
g
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
to
cr
ea
te
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
No
w
ad
a
y
s
t
h
is
p
r
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a
m
m
in
g
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n
v
ir
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m
en
t
h
a
s
f
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d
its
ap
p
licatio
n
i
n
m
a
n
y
s
cien
t
if
ic
f
ield
s
a
n
d
tech
n
ical
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
s
o
in
th
is
w
o
r
k
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
an
in
teg
r
al
L
ab
VI
E
W
p
latf
o
r
m
o
f
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
to
o
ls
f
o
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
b
lo
ck
s
m
u
tu
aliza
tio
n
(
P
VB
M)
s
y
s
te
m
.
3
.
1
.
M
o
nito
ring
P
VB
M
Sy
s
t
e
m
U
s
ing
L
a
b
VI
E
W
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
in
ter
f
ac
e
is
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
u
s
i
n
g
NI
L
ab
VI
E
W
(
s
h
o
r
t
f
o
r
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
Vir
tu
al
I
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
W
o
r
k
b
en
c
h
)
.
I
t
is
a
s
y
s
te
m
d
esi
g
n
p
lat
f
o
r
m
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
o
r
a
v
is
u
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
lan
g
u
ag
e
f
r
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m
Natio
n
al
I
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s
tr
u
m
e
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ts
.
L
ab
VI
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W
is
a
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
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en
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o
n
m
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n
t
t
h
at
co
n
tain
s
s
e
v
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al
co
m
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ts
,
w
h
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h
ar
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r
eq
u
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ed
f
o
r
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t
y
p
e
o
f
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co
n
tr
o
l
ap
p
licatio
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o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
.
L
ab
VI
E
W
p
r
o
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r
am
s
ar
e
ca
lled
v
ir
tu
al
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n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
s
(
VI
s
)
.
T
h
e
f
r
o
n
t
p
an
el
i
s
cr
ea
ted
u
s
i
n
g
co
n
tr
o
ls
a
n
d
in
d
icato
r
s
to
m
ak
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
g
r
ap
h
ica
l
in
ter
f
ac
es.
T
h
e
b
ac
k
p
an
el
co
n
tai
n
s
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
i
ca
l so
u
r
ce
co
d
e.
T
o
allo
ca
te
th
e
b
lo
ck
s
o
n
h
o
m
e
s
an
d
h
an
d
le
all
p
o
s
s
ib
le
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
,
t
h
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
r
ela
y
s
m
atr
i
x
,
w
h
i
ch
co
n
n
ec
t
ea
ch
h
o
m
e
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
b
lo
ck
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
d
escr
ib
ed
in
f
i
g
u
r
e.
2
.
A
ll
d
ata
co
m
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
ac
q
u
i
s
itio
n
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
in
L
ab
VI
E
W
u
s
in
g
th
e
VI
,
w
h
ich
a
llo
w
s
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
ta
s
k
s
:
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
w
i
th
th
e
ar
d
u
i
n
o
b
o
ar
d
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
etu
p
t
h
e
s
er
ial
b
u
s
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
tr
i
n
g
co
m
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ar
d
u
i
n
o
b
o
ar
d
,
co
n
v
er
t
th
e
tr
an
s
m
i
tted
d
ata
to
b
in
ar
y
v
alu
e
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
t
h
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
m
a
tr
ix
an
d
ca
lc
u
late
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
P
V
b
lo
ck
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
ea
ch
h
o
m
e.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
o
f
P
VB
M
s
y
s
te
m
3
.
1
.
User
I
nte
rf
a
ce
T
h
e
u
s
er
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
is
b
u
il
t
u
s
i
n
g
L
A
B
VI
E
W
p
latf
o
r
m
a
n
d
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
.
I
t
co
m
m
u
n
icate
s
v
ia
s
er
ial
p
o
r
t
w
ith
t
h
e
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
b
o
ar
d
an
d
co
n
tain
s
i
n
its
m
ai
n
p
ag
e
th
e
P
VB
M
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
a
n
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
m
icr
o
-
g
r
id
co
n
n
e
ctin
g
t
w
o
h
o
m
e
s
.
E
ac
h
h
o
m
e
eq
u
ip
p
ed
b
y
t
w
o
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltai
c
b
lo
ck
s
.
T
h
e
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
s
u
p
er
v
i
s
e
t
h
e
allo
ca
t
io
n
o
f
P
V
b
lo
ck
s
b
y
d
is
p
la
y
i
n
g
d
ata
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
i
n
d
icato
r
s
t
h
at
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
th
e
u
s
er
to
o
p
er
ate
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
:
S
y
s
te
m
s
tar
t a
n
d
s
to
p
: T
h
is
b
u
tto
n
w
ill s
tar
t o
r
s
to
p
th
e
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
o
p
er
atio
n
.
B
o
o
lean
in
d
icato
r
s
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
wh
ich
s
w
itc
h
es a
r
e
cu
r
r
e
n
tl
y
b
ei
n
g
ac
ti
v
e
(
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
m
a
tr
ix
)
Nu
m
er
ical
I
n
d
icato
r
s
s
h
o
w
in
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
lo
ck
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
f
ir
s
t
h
o
m
e,
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
lo
ck
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
h
o
m
e
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
r
ee
b
lo
ck
s
.
4
.
RE
SUL
T
S AN
D
DIS
CUS
SI
O
N
I
n
th
e
m
o
d
el
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
i
n
th
is
w
o
r
k
,
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
b
lo
ck
s
ar
e
s
h
ar
e
d
b
et
w
ee
n
h
o
m
e
s
in
s
ta
n
d
alo
n
e
ar
ea
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
eir
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
in
t
h
e
g
o
al
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
w
aste a
n
d
p
r
ev
en
t t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
iese
l g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
in
t
h
e
s
e
s
ta
n
d
alo
n
e
ar
ea
s
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
en
s
u
r
es
m
ax
i
m
u
m
u
s
e
o
f
P
V
b
lo
ck
s
o
u
tp
u
t
an
d
n
o
en
er
g
y
i
s
w
asted
w
h
e
n
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
o
f
an
y
h
o
m
e
is
ab
s
e
n
t
o
r
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
b
ig
lo
ad
d
e
m
a
n
d
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
to
m
i
n
i
m
is
e
g
r
ee
n
en
er
g
y
w
a
s
te
w
h
ile
s
ati
s
f
y
i
n
g
d
e
m
a
n
d
an
d
o
th
er
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
u
s
i
n
g
P
VB
M
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
s
s
tated
i
n
p
r
ec
ed
in
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
No
s
i
m
ilar
o
p
ti
m
i
s
atio
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
b
lo
ck
s
m
u
t
u
aliz
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
is
f
o
u
n
d
i
n
liter
at
u
r
e
th
a
t
m
in
i
m
i
s
e
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
8
:
98
–
1
0
4
104
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
en
r
g
y
w
as
te
t
ak
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
v
ar
iatio
n
s
i
n
lo
ad
d
e
m
a
n
d
o
f
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
h
o
m
es
in
s
ta
n
d
alo
n
e
ar
ea
.
C
lo
s
er
to
th
is
w
o
r
k
is
w
o
r
k
d
o
n
e
b
y
Me
zo
u
ar
i e
t a
l.
[
1
6
]
w
h
o
p
r
esen
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
th
e
P
VB
M
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
i
n
g
an
FP
G
A
b
o
r
ad
th
is
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
ti
ll
m
o
r
e
ex
p
e
n
s
i
v
e
t
h
an
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
th
is
p
a
p
er
.
4
.
CO
NCLUS
I
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
a
P
V
b
lo
ck
s
m
u
tu
al
i
za
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
a
t
is
ab
le
to
s
elf
-
ad
j
u
s
t
an
d
al
lo
ca
te
th
e
b
lo
ck
s
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
elec
t
r
ical
p
o
w
er
n
ee
d
s
o
f
ea
c
h
h
o
m
e.
T
h
e
m
u
t
u
aliza
tio
n
o
f
P
V
B
lo
ck
s
is
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
s
w
itc
h
in
g
m
atr
ix
,
w
h
ich
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
an
ar
d
u
in
o
b
o
ar
d
in
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
au
to
m
at
icall
y
o
p
ti
m
ize
t
h
e
P
V
b
lo
ck
s
a
m
o
n
g
h
o
m
es
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
a
f
o
r
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
in
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
th
e
lo
s
t
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
.
A
s
m
a
ll
-
s
ca
le
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
P
VB
M
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
tai
n
i
n
g
tw
o
h
o
m
es
an
d
s
i
x
P
V
b
lo
ck
s
h
as
b
ee
n
b
u
ilt
a
n
d
test
ed
f
o
r
co
n
ce
p
t
ev
id
en
ce
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lt
s
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
v
alid
it
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
a
n
d
th
e
m
u
tu
al
izatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
th
e
P
VB
M
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
L
A
B
VI
E
W
p
r
o
g
r
am
i
s
u
s
ed
to
f
u
r
t
h
er
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
d
is
p
lay
co
llec
ted
d
ata
in
th
e
P
C
s
c
r
ee
n
.
T
h
e
d
e
s
ig
n
is
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
ll
y
te
s
ted
u
s
in
g
a
n
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
s
et
u
p
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
s
tab
le
an
d
r
eliab
le
an
d
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
co
r
r
ec
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
alit
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
u
ru
g
a
n
a
n
t
h
a
m
B,
G
n
a
n
a
d
a
ss
R
,
P
a
d
h
y
NP
.
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
w
it
h
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
s
a
n
d
sto
ra
g
e
in
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s.
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
.
v
o
l.
7
3
,
p
p
.
1
2
5
-
1
3
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
]
Ko
d
a
n
d
a
R,
M
a
n
n
a
m
V
.
Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
G
rid
Co
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
Hy
b
rid
A
C/DC
M
icro
g
rid
s
u
sin
g
RE
S
.
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
P
EDS
)
.
v
o
l
5
(N
o
2
)
p
p
.
1
9
5
-
2
0
2
.
2
0
1
4
.
[3
]
V
e
rsc
h
u
e
re
n
T
,
M
e
ts
K,
M
e
e
rs
m
a
n
B,
S
tro
b
b
e
M
,
De
v
e
ld
e
r
C,
&
V
a
n
d
e
v
e
ld
e
L
.
Ass
e
ss
me
n
t
a
n
d
miti
g
a
ti
o
n
o
f
v
o
lt
a
g
e
v
io
l
a
ti
o
n
s
b
y
so
l
a
r
p
a
n
e
ls
in
a
re
sid
e
n
ti
a
l
d
istrib
u
ti
o
n
g
ri
d
.
S
m
a
rt
G
rid
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
(S
m
a
rt
G
rid
Co
m
m
),
2
0
1
1
IEE
E
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
.
p
p
.
5
4
0
-
5
4
5
,
2
0
1
1
.
[4
]
S
k
o
p
lak
i
E,
P
a
ly
v
o
s
J.
On
th
e
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
m
o
d
u
le
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
:
A
re
v
ie
w
o
f
e
ff
ici
e
n
c
y
/p
o
w
e
r
c
o
rre
latio
n
s.
S
o
l
a
r e
n
e
rg
y
.
v
o
l
8
3
(No
5
)
p
p
.
6
1
4
-
6
2
4
.
2
0
0
9
[5
]
S
in
g
h
,
K
u
m
a
r
G
.
S
o
lar p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
b
y
P
V (p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic) t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
:
a
re
v
ie
w
.
En
e
rg
y
.
v
o
l
5
3
p
p
.
1
-
1
3
.
2
0
1
3
[6
]
Ka
lo
g
iro
u
S
,
M
a
th
i
o
u
lak
is E
,
Be
les
sio
ti
s V
,
A
rti
f
ic
ial
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
two
rk
s f
o
r
th
e
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
p
re
d
ictio
n
o
f
larg
e
so
lar
s
y
ste
m
s.
El
se
v
ier
Ren
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
6
3
,
p
p
.
9
0
–
9
7
.
2
0
1
4
.
[7
]
G
u
e
rre
ro
J,
V
a
sq
u
e
z
J,
M
a
ta
s
J
,
V
icu
˜
n
a
L
,
Ca
stil
la
M
,
"
Hie
ra
rc
h
ica
l
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
d
ro
o
p
-
co
n
tro
ll
e
d
a
c
a
n
d
d
c
m
icro
g
rid
s
–
A
g
e
n
e
ra
l
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
w
a
rd
sta
n
d
a
rd
iza
ti
o
n
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
v
o
l.
5
8
,
(No
1
)
p
p
.
1
5
8
–
1
7
2
.
2
0
1
1
.
[8
]
Hill
C,
S
u
c
h
M
,
C
h
e
n
D,
G
o
n
z
a
lez
J,
a
n
d
G
ra
d
y
W
.
B
a
tt
e
r
y
e
n
e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
e
f
o
r
e
n
a
b
li
n
g
in
teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
d
istri
b
u
ted
so
lar p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
.
IE
EE
T
r
a
n
s.
S
m
a
rt Grid
,
v
o
l.
3
,
(N
o
2
)
p
p
.
8
5
0
–
8
5
7
.
2
0
1
2
.
[9
]
Zh
a
n
g
D,
S
h
a
h
N,
a
n
d
P
a
p
a
g
e
o
rg
io
u
L
.
Ef
f
icie
n
t
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
a
n
d
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
in
a
sm
a
rt
b
u
il
d
in
g
w
it
h
m
icro
g
rid
.
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
io
n
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
7
4
,
p
p
.
2
0
9
–
2
2
2
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
0
]
Ka
n
c
h
e
v
H,
L
u
D,
Co
las
F
.
,
L
a
z
a
ro
v
V
,
F
ra
n
c
o
is
B.
E
n
e
rg
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
p
la
n
n
i
n
g
o
f
a
m
icro
g
rid
w
it
h
a
P
V
-
b
a
se
d
a
c
ti
v
e
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
f
o
r
s
m
a
rt
g
rid
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
"
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
(N
o
1
0
)
p
p
.
4
5
8
3
–
4
5
9
2
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
1
]
M
a
traw
y
K,
M
a
h
ro
u
s
A
,
Yo
u
ss
e
f
M
.
En
e
rg
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
p
a
ra
m
e
tri
c
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
a
n
in
teg
ra
ted
P
V
so
lar
h
o
u
se
.
En
e
rg
y
C
o
n
v
e
rs
io
n
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t,
v
o
l.
9
6
,
p
p
.
3
7
7
–
3
8
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
2
]
S
c
h
e
re
r
H,
P
a
sa
m
o
n
tes
M
,
G
u
z
m
a
n
J,
A
lv
a
r
e
z
J,
C
a
m
p
o
n
o
g
a
ra
E,
No
rm
e
y
-
Rico
J.
E
ff
icie
n
t
b
u
il
d
in
g
e
n
e
rg
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
u
sin
g
d
istri
b
u
te
d
m
o
d
e
l
p
re
d
ictiv
e
c
o
n
tro
l
.
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Pro
c
e
ss
Co
n
tr
o
l,
v
o
l
.
2
4
(
No
6
)
p
p
.
7
4
0
–
7
4
9
,
.
2
0
1
4
.
[1
3
]
M
u
ra
to
ri
M
,
Rizz
o
n
i
G
,
"
Re
sid
e
n
ti
a
l
d
e
m
a
n
d
re
sp
o
n
se
:
D
y
n
a
m
ic
e
n
e
rg
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
ti
m
e
-
v
a
r
y
in
g
e
lec
tri
c
it
y
p
ricin
g
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
P
o
we
r S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
3
1
(N
o
2
)
p
p
.
1
1
0
8
–
1
1
1
7
.
2
0
1
6
.
[1
4
]
M
u
sa
A
,
S
a
m
o
sir
S
,
Ya
ti
m
A
.
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
sim
u
latio
n
o
f
a
so
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
sy
ste
m
,
it
s
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
a
n
d
tran
sie
n
t
c
h
a
ra
c
teristics
in
LA
BV
IEW
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
.
v
o
l
.
3
,
(No
2
)
p
p
.
1
8
5
-
1
9
2
.
2
0
1
3
[1
5
]
Ko
u
tr
o
u
li
s
E
a
n
d
Ka
laitza
k
is
K,
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
n
in
teg
ra
ted
d
a
ta
a
c
q
u
isit
io
n
sy
ste
m
f
o
r
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
s sy
ste
m
s
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
.
Re
n
e
wa
b
le
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
2
8
(No
1
),
p
p
.
1
3
9
–
1
5
2
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
6
]
M
e
z
o
u
a
ri
A
,
M
a
teu
r
K,
A
lar
e
q
i
M
.
,
Hlo
u
L
.
,
a
n
d
El
g
o
u
ri
R.
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
o
f
a
n
i
n
teg
ra
ted
d
a
ta
-
a
c
q
u
isit
i
o
n
sy
ste
m
fo
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
l
ta
ic
b
l
o
c
k
s
mu
tu
a
li
za
ti
o
n
mo
n
it
o
rin
g
u
sin
g
L
AB
VI
EW
.
In
W
irele
ss
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
Em
b
e
d
d
e
d
a
n
d
In
telli
g
e
n
t
S
y
ste
m
s (
W
IT
S
),
2
0
1
7
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
IE
E
E
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
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