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Diy
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Fin
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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8
8
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694
I
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P
o
w
E
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&
Dr
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S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1607
–
1
6
1
5
1608
2.
UNIFI
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D
P
O
WE
R
F
L
O
W
CO
NT
RO
L
L
E
R
(
UP
F
C)
A
s
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[
4
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1
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A
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s
k
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
mp
leme
n
ta
tio
n
Op
tima
l Lo
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
S
iz
in
g
o
f U
P
F
C
o
n
I
r
a
q
i P
o
w
er
....
(
Gh
a
s
s
a
n
A
b
d
u
l
la
h
S
a
lma
n
)
1609
=
2
+
[
c
os
(
−
)
+
s
in
(
−
)
]
+
[
c
os
(
−
)
+
s
in
(
−
)
]
+
[
c
os
(
−
)
+
s
in
(
−
)
]
(
5
)
=
−
2
+
[
s
in
(
−
)
−
c
os
(
−
)
]
+
[
s
in
(
−
)
−
c
os
(
−
)
]
+
[
s
in
(
−
)
+
c
os
(
−
)
]
,
(
6
)
A
t b
u
s
m
:
=
2
+
[
c
os
(
−
)
+
s
in
(
−
)
]
+
[
c
os
(
−
)
+
s
in
(
−
)
]
(
7
)
=
−
2
+
[
s
in
(
−
)
−
c
os
(
−
)
]
+
[
s
in
(
−
)
−
c
os
(
−
)
]
(
8
)
Ser
ies co
n
v
er
ter
:
=
2
+
[
c
os
(
−
)
+
s
in
(
−
)
]
+
[
c
os
(
−
)
+
s
in
(
−
)
]
(
9
)
=
−
2
+
[
s
in
(
−
)
−
c
os
(
−
)
]
+
[
s
in
(
−
)
−
c
os
(
−
)
]
(1
0)
Sh
u
n
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
:
=
−
2
+
[
c
os
(
−
)
+
s
in
(
−
)
]
(
1
1
)
=
2
+
[
s
in
(
−
)
−
c
os
(
−
)
]
(
1
2
)
∆
=
+
=
0
(
1
3
)
+
=
+
=
0
(
1
4
)
[
∆
∆
∆
∆
∆
∆
∆
]
=
[
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
]
[
∆
∆
∆
∆
∆
∆
∆
]
(
1
5
)
[
∆
∆
∆
∆
∆
∆
∆
]
=
[
0
0
0
0
]
[
∆
∆
∆
∆
∆
∆
∆
]
(
1
6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1607
–
1
6
1
5
1610
3.
G
E
NE
T
I
C
A
L
G
O
RI
T
H
M
(
G
A)
B
ased
o
n
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tals
o
f
g
en
etics
an
d
n
atu
r
al
s
elec
tio
n
,
GA
is
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
o
p
tim
al
s
ea
r
ch
.
GA
allo
w
s
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
s
p
ec
if
ic
an
d
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
u
les,
to
cr
ea
te
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
als
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
m
an
y
in
d
iv
id
u
als
w
h
o
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
tar
g
et
f
u
n
ctio
n
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
3
]
.
On
e
o
f
G
A
'
s
p
r
im
ar
y
p
r
io
r
ities
is
to
b
u
ild
o
n
th
e
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
n
atu
r
al
ev
o
lu
tio
n
an
d
GA
is
ap
p
lied
to
f
in
d
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
r
o
m
a
s
et
o
f
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
in
th
r
ee
k
ey
s
tep
s
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
h
ich
is
:
1
.
Selectio
n
:
-
E
ac
h
in
d
iv
id
u
al
is
r
ep
ea
ted
at
th
is
s
ta
g
e
w
ith
th
e
r
elativ
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
tar
g
et
an
d
co
m
m
en
s
u
r
ate
w
ith
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
2
.
C
r
o
s
s
o
v
er
:
-
T
w
o
n
ew
o
f
f
s
p
r
in
g
ar
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
co
m
b
in
in
g
tw
o
p
ar
en
ts
in
a
r
an
d
o
m
ly
s
elec
ted
w
ay
b
y
d
iv
id
in
g
th
e
f
ir
s
t
g
en
er
atio
n
in
to
tw
o
p
ar
ts
.
T
h
is
lead
s
to
th
e
n
ew
o
f
f
s
p
r
in
g
r
ep
lacin
g
th
e
p
ar
en
ts
g
en
er
atio
n
in
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
3
.
Mu
tatio
n
:
-
T
h
e
b
est
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ar
e
tak
en
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
af
ter
ch
an
g
in
g
th
e
v
alu
es
o
n
th
e
s
ites
r
an
d
o
m
ly
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
af
ter
a
co
n
s
tan
t
iter
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
p
er
io
d
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
f
o
r
m
u
lated
to
d
eter
m
in
e
o
p
tim
al
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
s
izin
g
o
f
UP
FC
d
ev
ice.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
f
u
n
ctio
n
ar
e
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
elo
w
to
r
ed
u
ce
d
v
o
ltag
e
d
ev
iatio
n
(
lo
ad
b
u
s
es),
m
in
im
ized
th
e
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
t
em
lo
s
s
es
(
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
)
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
th
e
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
in
o
v
er
lo
ad
ed
lin
es.
3
.
1
.
Vo
lt
a
g
e
Dev
ia
t
io
n (
VD)
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
ev
iatio
n
at
ea
c
h
lo
ad
b
u
s
s
h
all
b
e
as
s
m
a
ll
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
ac
h
iev
in
g
g
o
o
d
v
o
ltag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
ev
iatio
n
e
q
u
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
=
∑
|
−
1
|
2
=
1
(
1
7
)
3
.
2
.
Act
iv
e
a
nd
Rea
ct
iv
e
P
o
w
er
L
o
s
s
T
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
r
ed
u
cin
g
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
is
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
ch
o
o
s
in
g
th
e
b
est
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
v
ar
iab
les,
w
h
ich
m
in
im
izes
th
e
to
tal
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
o
f
n
etw
o
r
k
s
y
s
tem
at
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e
as
all
n
etw
o
r
k
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
eq
u
atio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
=
∑
=
1
(
2
+
2
−
2
(
−
)
)
(
1
8
)
=
∑
=
1
(
2
+
2
−
2
(
−
)
)
(
1
9
)
3
.
3
.
P
o
w
er
F
lo
w
in
O
v
er
lo
a
ded
L
ine
s
T
h
is
g
o
al
is
ca
lc
u
lated
f
o
r
ea
ch
lin
e
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
o
s
atis
f
ied
t
h
is
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
th
e
lin
es
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
lo
ad
ed
less
th
an
1
0
0
%
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
in
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
l
in
e
s
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
b
y
eq
u
atio
n
s
as
f
o
ll
o
w
s
:
−
=
∑
[
(
−
)
+
(
−
)
]
=
1
(
2
0
)
−
=
∑
[
(
−
)
+
(
−
)
]
=
1
(
2
1
)
T
h
e
GA
f
o
r
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
l
o
ca
t
io
n
an
d
s
izi
g
o
f
UP
FC
d
ev
ice
o
n
Di
y
ala
1
0
b
u
s
(
1
3
2
k
V)
i
s
g
i
v
en
i
n
s
tep
s
b
elo
w
:
Step
1
:
I
n
itialize
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
ize
o
f
G
A
an
d
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
U
P
FC
d
ev
ice.
Step
2
:
R
u
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
o
f
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
(
Ne
w
to
n
R
ap
h
s
o
n
)
.
Step
3
:
Fo
r
all
th
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
v
alu
e
s
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
.
Step
4
:
B
ased
o
n
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
v
al
u
es,
s
elec
t
a
n
e
w
p
o
p
u
latio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
o
ld
p
o
p
u
latio
n
b
as
ed
o
n
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
Step
5
:
GA
o
p
er
ato
r
s
,
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
an
d
m
u
tatio
n
ar
e
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
t
h
at
h
as
b
e
en
s
elec
te
d
to
c
r
ea
te
n
e
w
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
.
Step
6
:
Fo
r
n
e
w
c
h
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
es t
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
v
a
lu
e
s
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
an
d
u
s
in
g
it i
n
to
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
Step
7
:
I
f
th
e
ti
m
e
d
o
n
e,
s
to
p
G
A
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
a
n
d
p
r
in
t th
e
b
est i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
al,
w
h
ile
i
f
n
o
t g
o
to
s
tep
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
mp
leme
n
ta
tio
n
Op
tima
l Lo
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
S
iz
in
g
o
f U
P
F
C
o
n
I
r
a
q
i P
o
w
er
....
(
Gh
a
s
s
a
n
A
b
d
u
l
la
h
S
a
lma
n
)
1611
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
As
a
r
es
u
lt
o
f
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
an
d
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
d
e
m
a
n
d
f
o
r
lo
ad
,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
d
ev
elo
p
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
elec
tr
ic
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
m
u
lti
p
le
w
a
y
s
to
s
u
it
all
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ch
an
g
es.
S
tu
d
ie
s
d
ea
lin
g
w
it
h
s
u
ch
a
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
elec
tr
ical
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
r
e
m
a
n
y
an
d
h
a
v
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
co
r
r
ec
t
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
ch
an
g
es.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
is
p
ap
er
d
ea
ls
w
it
h
th
e
r
ea
lis
tic
n
et
w
o
r
k
(
Di
y
a
la
1
3
2
k
V)
,
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
p
ap
er
s
[
9
]
,
[
14]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
GA
w
as
a
p
p
lied
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
s
ite
a
n
d
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
s
iz
e
o
f
t
h
e
UP
FC
d
e
v
ice
o
n
t
h
e
Di
y
a
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it
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[
9
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S d
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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9
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A
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r
ith
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tr
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s
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f
o
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at
a
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d
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m
ee
t a
ll t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
th
e
w
o
r
k
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
.
Zad
e
h
b
a
g
h
e
ri,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Re
v
iew
o
f
th
e
UP
F
C
Di
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
M
o
d
e
ls
i
n
Re
c
e
n
t
Ye
a
rs,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m (
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
4
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
3
4
3
-
3
5
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
]
Ra
d
u
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
m
u
lt
i
-
o
b
jec
ti
v
e
g
e
n
e
ti
c
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
o
p
ti
m
a
l
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
m
u
lt
i
-
ty
p
e
F
A
C
T
S
d
e
v
ice
s
f
o
r
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s se
c
u
rit
y
,
”
Po
we
r E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
S
o
c
iety
Ge
n
e
ra
l
M
e
e
ti
n
g
,
IEE
E
,
2
0
0
6
.
[3
]
N.
G.
Hin
g
o
ra
n
i,
“
P
o
w
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
u
ti
li
t
ies
:
ro
le o
f
p
o
w
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
in
f
u
tu
re
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s,
”
Pro
c
.
o
f
t
h
e
IEE
E
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
7
6
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
481
-
4
8
2
,
1
9
8
8
.
[4
]
E.
A
c
h
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
A
CT
S
M
o
d
e
l
in
g
a
n
d
S
im
u
latio
n
in
P
o
w
e
r
N
e
tw
o
rk
s
,
”
J
o
h
n
W
il
e
y
a
n
d
S
o
n
s
L
T
D,
En
g
la
n
d
,
2
0
0
4
.
[5
]
M
.
P
a
c
k
ias
u
d
h
a
a
n
d
S
.
S
u
ja,
“
F
A
CT
De
v
ice
f
o
r
Re
a
c
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
De
re
g
u
lat
e
d
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
En
v
iro
n
m
n
t,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
6
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
7
3
0
-
7
3
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[6
]
N.
G
.
Hin
g
o
ra
n
i
a
n
d
L
.
Gy
u
g
y
i,
“
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
i
n
g
F
A
CT
S
Co
n
c
e
p
ts
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
F
lex
ib
le
AC
T
ra
n
s
m
issio
n
S
y
st
e
m
s,
”
Ne
w
Yo
rk
:
IEE
E
P
re
ss
,
2
0
0
0
.
[7
]
S
.
R.
S
a
m
a
n
tara
y
,
“
A
Da
ta
-
M
in
in
g
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
P
ro
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
F
A
C
TS
-
Ba
se
d
T
ra
n
s
m
is
sio
n
L
in
e
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
P
o
we
r De
li
v
e
ry
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
2
8
(
2
)
,
p
p
.
6
1
2
-
6
1
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
[8
]
S
.
K
M
ish
ra
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
F
a
u
lt
De
tec
ti
o
n
&
Clas
si
f
ica
ti
o
n
in
UPF
C
In
teg
ra
t
e
d
T
ra
n
s
m
issio
n
L
in
e
Us
in
g
D
WT
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m (
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
ol
/
issu
e
:
8
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
1
7
9
3
-
1
8
0
3
,
2
0
1
7
.
[9
]
H.
I.
Hu
ss
e
in
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
h
a
se
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
Un
it
s
b
a
se
d
F
A
CT
’
s
De
v
ice
s
f
o
r
th
e
Im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
s
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
Co
n
tro
ll
a
b
il
it
y
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
8
(
2
)
,
p
p
.
8
8
8
-
899
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
0
]
A
.
F
.
No
o
r
i,
“
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
V
o
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
Ro
to
r
A
n
g
le
S
tab
il
it
y
f
o
r
INS
G
S
Us
in
g
UP
F
C
De
v
ice
s
,”
M
.
S
c
.
th
e
sis,
Un
ive
rs
it
y
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Ir
a
q
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
1
]
G.
A
.
S
a
lma
n
,
“
A
u
to
m
a
ti
c
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
C
o
n
t
ro
l
in
M
u
l
ti
A
re
a
In
terc
o
n
n
e
c
ted
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
st
e
m
Us
in
g
P
ID
C
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
Ba
se
d
o
n
GA
a
n
d
P
S
O,
”
S
e
c
o
n
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
S
c
ien
ti
fi
c
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
ive
rs
it
y
o
f
Diy
a
la
,
p
p
.
2
9
7
-
310
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
2
]
I.
A
z
i
m
a
n
d
F
.
Ra
h
m
a
n
,
“
G
e
n
e
ti
c
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
Ba
se
d
Re
a
c
ti
v
e
P
o
we
r
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
b
y
S
V
C,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
4
(
2
)
,
p
p
.
2
0
0
-
2
0
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
3
]
P
.
C.
Ra
m
a
s
w
a
m
y
a
n
d
G
.
De
c
o
n
in
c
k
,
“
S
m
a
rt
G
rid
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
Us
in
g
S
im
p
le
Ge
n
e
ti
c
A
lg
o
r
it
h
m
a
n
d
NSGA
-
II,
”
3
rd
IEE
E
PE
S
S
m
a
rt Grid
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
Eu
ro
p
e
(
IS
GT
Eu
r
o
p
e
),
Ber
li
n
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
4
]
G
.
A
.
S
a
l
m
a
n
,
“
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
S
V
C
a
n
d
T
CS
C
to
Im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
th
e
Eff
ic
a
c
y
o
f
Di
y
a
la
El
e
c
tri
c
Ne
tw
o
rk
(1
3
2
k
V
),
”
Ame
ric
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
(
AJER)
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
4
(
5
)
,
p
p
.
1
6
3
-
1
7
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
5
]
B.
P
.
S
a
o
ji
a
n
d
A.
P
.
V
a
i
d
y
a
,
“
H
y
p
o
th
e
ti
c
a
l
S
tu
d
y
F
o
r
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
Of
Op
ti
m
a
l
L
o
c
a
ti
o
n
Of
M
u
lt
ip
le
F
A
C
T
S
De
v
ice
s
Un
d
e
r
Co
n
ti
n
g
e
n
t
C
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
Us
i
n
g
Diff
e
r
e
n
t
Ob
jec
ti
v
e
F
u
n
c
ti
o
n
s
,
”
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
:
A
n
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
(
EL
EL
IJ
)
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
2
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
7
1
-
86
,
2
0
1
3
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
G
h
a
ss
a
n
A
b
d
u
ll
a
h
S
a
lm
a
n
w
a
s
b
o
rn
in
Diy
a
la,
Ira
q
,
in
1
9
8
3
,
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
B.
S
c
.
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsity
Diy
a
la
/
Ira
q
in
2
0
0
6
,
M
.
S
c
.
f
ro
m
u
n
iv
e
rsity
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Ba
g
h
d
a
d
,
Ira
q
in
2
0
1
1
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
se
n
io
r
lec
tu
re
r
in
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Diy
a
la
Ira
q
.
He
h
a
s
th
re
e
y
e
a
rs
o
f
In
d
u
strial
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
a
n
d
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
c
o
m
p
a
n
ies
a
n
d
h
a
s
tea
c
h
in
g
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
.
His
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
o
p
ti
m
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
sy
ste
m
,
p
o
w
e
r
sy
ste
m
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l,
F
A
CT
S
d
e
v
ice
s,
p
o
w
e
r
sy
ste
m
se
c
u
rit
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
ty
.
He
h
a
s
6
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
p
a
p
e
rs
.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
Ha
s
a
n
A
li
w
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