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A
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©
201
7
In
s
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C
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A
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:
Au
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Facu
lt
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E
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Un
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UT
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m
ail:
a
u
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i
@
u
te
m
.
ed
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
co
n
s
ta
n
t
p
o
w
er
is
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
in
ap
p
licatio
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s
s
u
c
h
as
in
v
e
h
icl
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d
r
iv
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I
n
in
d
u
ctio
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m
ac
h
i
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e,
v
ar
io
u
s
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
s
o
f
s
tato
r
v
o
lta
g
e,
c
u
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
s
p
ee
d
is
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s
ed
to
e
s
t
i
m
ate
th
e
f
lu
x
an
d
to
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q
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e.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
Dir
ec
t
T
o
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q
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e
C
o
n
tr
o
l
(
DT
C
)
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
ac
h
i
n
es
is
b
ased
o
n
s
elec
ti
n
g
p
r
o
p
er
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
to
m
ain
tain
t
o
r
q
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e
an
d
s
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r
f
lu
x
w
i
th
i
n
th
e
h
y
s
ter
esi
s
b
an
d
[
1
]
.
I
n
[
2
]
,
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
elec
tio
n
s
tr
ate
g
y
t
h
at
u
s
e
s
s
witch
i
n
g
tab
le
i
s
w
id
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s
ed
b
e
ca
u
s
e
o
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h
e
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n
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er
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ta
n
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co
n
ce
p
t
a
s
i
m
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i
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le
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en
ta
tio
n
.
T
h
e
d
r
a
w
b
a
ck
o
f
a
co
n
v
e
n
tio
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al
DT
C
i
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
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s
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n
p
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ed
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le
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r
d
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th
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m
ac
h
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ar
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d
s
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ee
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co
n
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itio
n
.
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h
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
w
i
ll
d
eg
r
ad
e
in
a
ce
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tain
o
p
er
atin
g
r
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io
n
s
u
c
h
as a
t t
h
e
lo
w
s
p
ee
d
r
eg
io
n
.
I
n
[
3
]
,
a
co
m
m
o
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
SV
M)
is
u
s
ed
to
ex
p
lo
it
t
h
e
o
v
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m
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d
u
latio
n
r
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io
n
i
n
DT
C
.
T
h
is
s
tr
ate
g
y
m
a
n
ag
e
s
to
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tain
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ax
i
m
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m
to
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e
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u
tp
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t
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ield
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k
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n
g
r
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io
n
.
T
h
is
s
tr
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r
eq
u
ir
es
v
o
lta
g
e
r
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er
en
ce
to
d
ef
in
e
th
e
m
o
d
e
o
f
o
v
er
m
o
d
u
latio
n
i
n
SVM.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
D
T
C
h
y
s
ter
es
is
b
ased
is
n
o
t c
ap
ab
le
to
o
p
e
r
ate
in
o
v
er
m
o
d
u
latio
n
to
co
m
p
let
e
s
ix
-
s
tep
m
o
d
e.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
a
s
tr
ateg
y
to
ex
te
n
d
t
h
e
co
n
s
ta
n
t to
r
q
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e
r
eg
io
n
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
ca
p
ab
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of
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h
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esis
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ased
w
i
th
o
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t
r
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i
n
i
n
g
th
e
s
i
m
p
licit
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o
f
b
asic
DT
C
-
h
y
s
ter
esis
b
as
ed
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
T
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
ateg
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i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
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o
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m
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d
u
latio
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s
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ate
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y
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y
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ad
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all
y
tr
a
n
s
f
o
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m
i
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th
e
P
W
M
v
o
ltag
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
to
s
ix
-
s
tep
m
o
d
e.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
is
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
SVM
b
a
s
ed
s
y
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te
m
w
h
er
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t
h
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r
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n
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s
tato
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v
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is
av
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m
o
d
i
f
y
in
g
t
h
e
r
ef
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lta
g
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
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I
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N:
2088
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8
694
I
mp
r
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men
t o
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C
a
p
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f D
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q
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d
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Ma
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1071
2.
P
RINCI
P
A
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DIR
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C
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3
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So
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T
h
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m
to
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p
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ap
p
licatio
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s
.
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ai
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p
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p
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f
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h
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p
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p
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at
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m
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[
4
]
.
T
h
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le
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ig
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s
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S
a
+
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S
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+
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d
S
c
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e
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s
w
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g
f
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o
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in
v
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ter
.
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a
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to
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it
s
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0
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F
ig
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r
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h
e
v
o
ltag
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v
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to
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is
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
[
5
]
;
̅
(
)
(
1
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sch
e
m
atic
Dia
g
r
a
m
o
f
VSI
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Vo
ltag
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Sp
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Vec
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T
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ase
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2
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Dire
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Co
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o
f
ti
m
e
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
w
r
it
ten
i
n
s
ta
tio
n
ar
y
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
f
r
a
m
e
as b
el
o
w
:
̅
̅
(
2
)
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
s
elec
t
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
,
th
e
s
ta
t
o
r
f
lu
x
o
r
ien
ta
tio
n
o
r
p
o
s
iti
o
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
k
n
o
w
n
.
T
h
e
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
p
lan
e
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
s
ix
s
ec
to
r
s
[
6
]
.
E
ac
h
s
ec
to
r
w
ill
h
a
v
e
a
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
s
et
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
s
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
f
l
u
x
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
to
u
ch
e
s
its
u
p
p
er
o
r
lo
w
er
h
y
s
ter
esi
s
b
an
d
,
a
s
u
itab
le
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
is
s
ele
cted
to
r
ed
u
ce
(
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
ted
in
b
lack
)
o
r
i
n
cr
e
ase
(
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ted
in
g
r
e
y
)
it r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
a
s
ill
u
s
tr
ated
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
I
n
DT
C
th
e
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
i
s
f
o
r
ce
d
to
f
o
llo
w
a
cir
cu
lar
lo
cu
s
b
y
li
m
i
tin
g
i
ts
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
h
y
s
ter
esi
s
b
an
d
.
F
ig
u
r
e
4
ill
u
s
tr
ates
t
h
at
if
th
e
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
i
s
lo
ca
ted
in
s
ec
to
r
I
,
t
h
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
v
ec
to
r
̅
an
d
̅
w
il
l
b
e
s
elec
ted
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
.
I
f
th
e
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
f
alls
i
n
s
ec
to
r
I
I
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
̅
an
d
̅
w
ill
b
e
s
elec
ted
t
o
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
s
th
at
w
i
ll
r
esu
lt
s
in
a
v
er
y
f
ast
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
is
u
s
u
all
y
a
v
o
id
ed
[
7
]
.
T
h
is
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
elec
tio
n
is
to
co
n
tr
o
l th
e
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
r
e
m
ai
n
s
w
it
h
i
n
it
s
h
y
s
ter
es
is
b
an
d
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
2
-
le
v
el
h
y
s
ter
esi
s
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
.
A
b
lo
ck
d
ia
g
r
a
m
o
f
2
-
le
v
el
s
t
ato
r
f
lu
x
h
y
s
ter
esi
s
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
(
a)
.
T
h
e
esti
m
ated
f
l
u
x
i
s
s
u
b
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
f
l
u
x
to
o
b
tain
th
e
f
l
u
x
er
r
o
r
b
ef
o
r
e
f
ed
to
th
e
h
y
s
ter
e
s
is
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
f
l
u
x
h
y
s
ter
es
is
c
o
m
p
ar
ato
r
is
th
e
f
l
u
x
er
r
o
r
s
tatu
s
.
I
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
,
it
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
w
h
e
n
esti
m
ated
f
l
u
x
to
u
c
h
es
t
h
e
lo
w
er
b
a
n
d
an
d
f
lu
x
er
r
o
r
to
u
c
h
es
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
b
an
d
,
th
e
f
l
u
x
er
r
o
r
s
tat
u
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
is
“
1
”.
W
h
en
f
l
u
x
er
r
o
r
s
tat
u
s
is
“
1
”,
it
ca
lls
f
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
f
l
u
x
.
W
h
en
e
s
ti
m
ated
f
l
u
x
to
u
c
h
es
th
e
u
p
p
er
b
an
d
an
d
f
l
u
x
er
r
o
r
to
u
ch
es
th
e
lo
w
er
b
an
d
,
th
e
f
l
u
x
er
r
o
r
s
tatu
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
is
“
0
”.
W
h
en
f
l
u
x
er
r
o
r
s
tatu
s
i
s
“
0
”,
it
ca
lls
f
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
f
l
u
x
.
Su
i
tab
le
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
elec
te
d
[
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
te
m
b
er
201
7
:
1
0
7
0
-
1079
1072
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Six
Secto
r
o
f
Stato
r
Flu
x
p
lan
e
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Vo
ltag
e
Vec
to
r
s
Sel
ec
tio
n
W
ith
i
n
H
y
s
ter
es
is
B
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l o
f
Stato
r
Fl
u
x
(
a)
T
w
o
-
L
e
v
el
H
y
s
ter
e
s
is
C
o
m
p
ar
ato
r
(
b
)
T
y
p
ical
W
av
e
f
o
r
m
s
2
.
4
.
Dire
ct
T
o
rque
Co
ntr
o
l
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
to
r
q
u
e
co
n
tr
o
l
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
il
y
ex
p
lai
n
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
to
r
q
u
e
eq
u
atio
n
in
ter
m
s
o
f
r
o
to
r
f
l
u
x
a
n
d
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
v
ec
to
r
s
:
(
)
(
)
(
3
)
I
n
DT
C
,
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
i
s
co
n
tr
o
lled
w
i
th
i
n
its
h
y
s
ter
e
s
is
b
an
d
s
i
m
ilar
to
t
h
e
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
.
T
h
e
o
n
l
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
i
s
t
h
at
DT
C
u
s
es
a
th
r
ee
-
le
v
el
h
y
s
ter
esi
s
co
n
tr
o
ller
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
(
a)
.
W
av
ef
o
r
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e,
to
r
q
u
e
er
r
o
r
,
s
p
ee
d
an
d
to
r
q
u
e
er
r
o
r
s
tatu
s
w
i
th
b
o
th
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
at
iv
e
to
r
q
u
e
c
o
m
m
a
n
d
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
r
e
f
er
en
ce
a
n
d
est
i
m
ated
to
r
q
u
e
g
i
v
es
th
e
er
r
o
r
w
h
ic
h
b
y
r
estric
tin
g
it,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
to
r
q
u
e
ca
n
b
e
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
w
il
l
o
u
tp
u
t
a
to
r
q
u
e
er
r
o
r
s
tatu
s
w
h
ic
h
w
ill
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
r
ee
lev
e
l
o
u
tp
u
ts
s
u
c
h
as
-
1
,
0
o
r
+1
as
g
iv
e
n
in
(
4
)
.
T
h
is
is
s
i
m
ilar
to
t
h
e
f
lu
x
s
tat
u
s
er
r
o
r
,
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
er
r
o
r
s
tatu
s
is
u
s
ed
to
in
d
e
x
th
e
lo
o
k
-
u
p
tab
le
f
o
r
s
elec
t
in
g
s
u
itab
le
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
.
{
(
4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
I
mp
r
o
ve
men
t o
f To
r
q
u
e
C
a
p
a
b
ilit
y
o
f D
ir
ec
t To
r
q
u
e
C
o
n
tr
o
l o
f I
n
d
u
ctio
n
Ma
ch
i
n
es (
A
u
z
a
n
i J
id
in
)
1073
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l o
f
T
o
r
q
u
e
(
a
)
T
h
r
ee
-
L
ev
el
H
y
s
ter
esis
C
o
m
p
ar
ato
r
(
b
)
T
y
p
ical
W
av
ef
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
C
o
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
P
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
Neg
a
tiv
e
T
o
r
q
u
e
2
.
5
.
Sw
it
ching
Sta
t
o
r
Select
o
r
B
y
s
elec
tin
g
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
s
to
s
atis
f
y
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
d
e
m
a
n
d
,
a
d
ec
o
u
p
led
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
f
lu
x
an
d
to
r
q
u
e
i
s
ac
h
ie
v
ed
.
I
f
th
e
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
lies
i
n
s
ec
to
r
k
w
it
h
th
e
m
o
to
r
r
o
tatin
g
i
n
co
u
n
ter
clo
ck
w
i
s
e,
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
an
d
t
o
r
q
u
e,
ac
tiv
e
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
i
s
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
ze
r
o
v
o
ltag
e
v
ec
to
r
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
s
to
p
th
e
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
.
Nex
t,
r
ev
er
s
e
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
,
̅
is
u
s
ed
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
f
l
u
x
in
f
o
r
w
ar
d
b
r
ak
in
g
m
o
d
e.
W
h
ile
̅
w
ill
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
f
lu
x
.
A
s
e
lectio
n
tab
le
i
s
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
tab
le
is
th
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
s
tato
r
f
l
u
x
er
r
o
r
s
tatu
s
a
n
d
s
ec
to
r
in
w
h
ich
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
o
cc
u
p
ies
[
9
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Selectio
n
T
a
b
le
f
o
r
Vo
ltag
e
Vec
to
r
S
t
a
t
o
r
F
l
u
x
Er
r
o
r
S
t
a
t
u
s
T
o
r
q
u
e
Er
r
o
r
S
t
a
t
u
s
S
e
c
t
o
r
1
S
e
c
t
o
r
2
S
e
c
t
o
r
3
S
e
c
t
o
r
4
S
e
c
t
o
r
5
S
e
c
t
o
r
6
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
-
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
-
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
S
T
RA
T
E
G
Y
3
.
1
.
O
pti
m
a
l
Sw
it
ching
Vo
lt
a
g
e
Vec
t
o
rs
T
h
e
id
en
tif
icatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
t
w
o
p
o
s
s
ib
le
v
o
ltag
es
v
ec
to
r
s
d
ep
en
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I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8
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IJ
PEDS
Vo
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8
,
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3
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p
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v
ed
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
I.
T
a
k
a
h
a
sh
i
a
n
d
T
.
Ka
n
m
a
c
h
i,
“
Ultra
-
w
id
e
sp
e
e
d
c
o
n
tro
l
w
it
h
a
q
u
ick
tro
q
u
e
re
sp
o
n
se
A
C
se
r
v
o
b
y
a
DSP
,
”
Pr
o
c
.
EPE, Fir
e
n
z
e
(
I)
,
v
o
l.
III
,
p
p
.
5
7
2
-
5
7
7
,
1
9
9
1
.
[2
]
G
.
Bu
ja
a
n
d
D
.
Ca
sa
d
e
i
,
“
DT
C
-
b
a
se
d
stra
teg
ies
f
o
r
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
s,”
in
C
o
n
f
.
Rec
.
I
EE
E
-
IE
CON.
o
n
P
o
we
r
El
c
t
,
p
p
.
1
5
0
6
-
1
5
1
6
,
1
9
9
7
.
[3
]
T
.
G
.
Ha
b
e
tl
e
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
d
irec
t
to
r
q
u
e
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
d
riv
e
in
c
o
n
ti
n
o
u
s
P
W
M
-
sq
u
a
re
w
a
v
e
tran
siti
o
n
re
g
io
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
10
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
4
6
4
-
4
7
1
,
1
9
9
5
.
[4
]
S
.
Da
n
g
e
a
m
a
n
d
V
.
Kin
n
a
re
s,
“
A
Dire
c
t
T
o
rq
u
e
Co
n
tro
l
f
o
r
T
h
re
e
-
leg
V
o
lt
a
g
e
S
o
u
rc
e
In
v
e
rter
F
e
d
A
s
y
m
m
e
tri
c
a
l
S
in
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
to
r,
”
2
0
1
5
.
[5
]
I.
T
a
k
a
h
a
sh
i
a
n
d
T
.
No
g
u
c
h
i,
“
A
N
e
w
Qu
ick
-
Re
sp
o
n
se
a
n
d
Hi
g
h
-
Eff
icie
n
c
y
Co
n
tro
l
S
trate
g
y
o
f
a
n
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
to
r
,
”
In
d
.
A
p
p
l.
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
IA
-
22
(
5
)
,
p
p
.
8
2
0
–
8
2
7
,
1
9
8
6
.
[6
]
M
.
P
.
Ka
z
m
ier
k
o
w
s
k
i
a
n
d
G
.
B
u
ja,
“
Re
v
ie
w
o
f
d
irec
t
to
rq
u
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
m
e
th
o
d
s
f
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
so
u
rc
e
in
v
e
rter
-
f
e
d
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
rs,” v
o
l.
1
,
p
p
.
9
8
1
–
9
9
1
,
2
0
0
3
.
[7
]
P
.
A
c
a
rn
le
y
,
“
P
-
0
.
2
,
”
v
o
l
/
issu
e
:
34
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
4
1
2
–
4
1
4
,
1
9
9
8
.
[8
]
R.
N.
A
.
Bin
Ra
ja
Yu
n
u
s,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
d
irec
t
t
o
rq
u
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
a
c
h
in
e
s,”
2
0
1
3
I
n
t
.
Co
n
f.
El
e
c
tr.
M
a
c
h
.
S
y
st.
,
p
p
.
2
1
2
3
–
2
1
2
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
[9
]
S
.
G
d
a
im
a
n
d
A
.
D.
T
o
rq
u
e
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
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