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l J
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urna
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P
o
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nics
a
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(
I
J
P
E
DS
)
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
6
,
p
p
.
1
2
3
3
~
1
2
3
9
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
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5
9
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p
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s
.
v7
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4
.
pp
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1239
1233
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Si
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v
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M.
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Chy
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1
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J
.
A.
So
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Y.
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De
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A
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C
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ML
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©
201
6
In
s
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it
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te o
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C
o
r
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p
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A
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o
r
:
J
.
H.
L
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n
g
,
Sch
o
o
l o
f
E
lectr
ical
S
y
s
te
m
s
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Un
i
v
er
s
iti Ma
la
y
s
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P
er
lis
,
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au
h
P
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tr
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C
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0
2
6
0
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A
r
au
,
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er
lis
,
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la
y
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.
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m
ail
:
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ick
.
u
n
i
m
ap
@
g
m
a
il.c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
E
lectr
icit
y
g
e
n
er
atio
n
u
s
i
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g
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
el
s
s
u
c
h
as
co
al,
o
il
an
d
n
at
u
r
al
g
as
h
as
ca
u
s
ed
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
d
eter
io
r
atio
n
[
1
]
.
B
esid
es
d
am
ag
in
g
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
t
h
e
s
e
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
el
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
l
i
m
it
ed
an
d
es
ti
m
a
ted
to
d
ep
lete
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
n
e
x
t
ce
n
t
u
r
y
[
2
]
.
Hen
ce
,
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
g
e
n
er
atio
n
r
el
y
i
n
g
m
ai
n
l
y
o
n
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
els
i
s
ex
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
u
n
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
l
e
an
d
in
s
ec
u
r
e.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
is
s
u
e
,
v
ar
io
u
s
p
o
w
er
g
e
n
er
ati
o
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
u
s
i
n
g
r
en
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w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
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o
u
r
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s
h
a
v
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b
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ex
p
lo
r
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d
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
r
ec
en
tl
y
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
r
en
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w
a
b
le
en
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g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
s
o
lar
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er
g
y
is
p
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b
ab
l
y
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
i
s
i
n
g
s
o
u
r
ce
s
as
i
t
is
clea
n
,
i
n
ex
h
a
u
s
tib
le
a
n
d
w
id
el
y
av
ailab
le
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
ca
n
b
e
h
ar
v
ested
u
s
i
n
g
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
P
V)
m
o
d
u
les.
H
o
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
P
V
m
o
d
u
les
i
s
in
co
m
p
atib
l
e
w
it
h
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
elec
tr
ical
ap
p
lian
ce
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
p
o
w
er
ed
b
y
alter
n
ati
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t
(
AC
)
[
4]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
an
i
n
v
e
r
ter
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
co
n
v
er
t
t
h
e
DC
i
n
to
AC
.
Ma
n
y
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
e
p
ast
an
d
m
u
ltil
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v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
(
ML
I
)
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
[
6
]
-
[
7
].
I
n
g
en
er
al,
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
in
v
er
ter
s
ca
n
b
e
class
i
f
ied
in
to
th
r
ee
m
aj
o
r
f
a
m
ilie
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th
at
ar
e
d
io
d
e
-
cla
m
p
ed
,
f
l
y
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g
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
an
d
ca
s
ca
d
ed
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
d
r
a
wb
ac
k
o
f
d
io
d
e
-
cla
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p
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m
u
ltil
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n
v
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ter
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th
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u
n
eq
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ca
p
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ito
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o
ltag
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s
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m
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g
t
h
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er
ies
c
o
n
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ted
ca
p
ac
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s
,
an
d
h
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ce
,
t
h
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
y
in
b
ala
n
ci
n
g
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
es
p
o
s
es
a
m
a
j
o
r
d
esig
n
c
h
allen
g
e
f
o
r
t
h
is
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
f
l
y
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
p
r
o
v
id
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s
w
itc
h
co
m
b
in
a
tio
n
r
ed
u
n
d
an
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f
o
r
b
alan
ci
n
g
at
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
els.
T
h
is
f
ea
t
u
r
e
allo
w
s
t
h
e
s
w
i
tch
in
g
s
tr
ess
e
s
to
b
e
eq
u
all
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
ed
b
etw
ee
n
t
h
e
ac
tiv
e
s
w
itc
h
e
s
[
9
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
b
u
lk
y
d
u
e
to
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
6
:
1
2
3
3
–
1
2
3
9
1234
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
o
f
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
to
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e
elec
tr
o
l
y
tic
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
s
.
A
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
f
l
y
in
g
ca
p
ac
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lo
g
y
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e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l
ca
s
ca
d
ed
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-
b
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ter
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H
B
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d
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n
o
t
r
eq
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e
lar
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e
n
u
m
b
er
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f
s
to
r
ag
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
[
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
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b
lo
c
k
d
iag
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a
m
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tio
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P
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