Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
s
(
IJ
PEDS
)
Vo
l.
1
2
,
No.
1
,
M
a
r
202
1
, p
p.
51
~
58
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
1
2
.i
1
.
pp
51
-
58
51
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Des
i
gn a
nd
an
alysis of
doub
l
e s
tat
or HE
-
F
SM for
a
ircr
aft
appli
ca
ti
ons
Ha
ss
an Ali
1
, E
rwan S
ulaim
an
2
, Mahyu
zi
e
Jenal
3
, I
r
fan
Ali
4
, La
il
i Iw
ani
J
us
oh
5
,
Zar
af
i
Ah
m
ad
6
,
Mohd
Fir
daus
7
1,2,3,4,5,6
Resea
rch
Cent
re
for
Appl
i
ed
E
le
c
tromagne
ti
cs,
Univer
sit
i T
un
Hus
sein
Onn
Mala
ysia
,
B
at
u
Pahat
,
Mal
aysia
7
Cent
er
for
Rob
oti
ct
s
&
Industr
i
al
Autom
at
ion
,
F
akul
ti Kej
uru
te
r
a
an
E
le
ktr
ik
,
Uni
ver
sity Te
knik
al
Mala
ysia
Mel
ak
a
,
uria
n
Tungga
l
,
Mala
ysia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
A
ug
26
, 20
20
Re
vised
Jan
14
, 20
2
1
Accepte
d
Ja
n 2
6
, 2
0
21
The
m
ai
n
obj
ec
t
ive
of
a
ero
spac
e
industry
is
to
p
roduc
e
a
ll
e
lectr
ic
a
irc
ra
ft
(AEA)
equ
ipped
by
e
lectr
i
ca
l
devi
c
es
in
comi
ng
dev
el
op
me
nt
s.
E
lectr
i
cal
ma
ch
ine
s
th
at
p
rovide
h
ighe
r
to
rque
densi
ti
es
ar
e
ga
ini
ng
more
int
er
est
for
rese
arc
h
ers
to
o
bta
in
sus
ta
ina
b
le
direct
-
driv
e
ele
ct
ri
ca
l
propulsio
n
sys
te
m
for
ai
rcr
aft
app
li
c
at
i
ons.
In
addition
to
l
esser
we
ight
and
h
ighe
r
torqu
e
d
ensit
y,
a
ma
ch
ine
should
be
“
fau
lt
tolera
nt”
to
app
li
ed
i
n
a
ero
spac
e
app
li
c
at
ions.
A
novel
m
ac
h
ine
f
or
high
star
ti
ng
torque
,
ide
n
ti
fi
e
d
as
flux
sw
itchi
ng
ma
ch
ine
(FS
M)
was
esta
bli
shed
over
th
e
la
st
de
ca
d
e.
F
SM
s
com
prise
al
l
eff
e
ct
iv
e
source
s
on
stat
o
r
in
cl
uding
robu
st
rotor
struc
ture.
The
se
m
ac
hin
e
s
exhi
bi
te
d
highe
r
“t
orqu
e
-
to
-
weight
ratios”
and
r
el
i
abi
l
it
y.
Nonethe
l
ess,
th
e
chall
enge
of
deve
lop
ing
a
m
ac
hin
e
sui
ta
bl
e
for
a
irc
r
aft
app
li
c
at
ions
goes
f
ar
b
eyond
el
e
ct
rom
agne
t
ic
design
and
mu
ch
de
epe
r
int
o
th
e
f
ie
ld
of
m
ec
h
anic
al
sys
te
ms
th
an
tr
adi
t
iona
l
ones.
Thus,
a
n
e
w
double
st
at
or
(DS
)
hybrid
ex
c
it
ation
(HE)
FS
M
design
employing
seg
me
n
te
d
ro
tor
is
pro
posed
and
an
alyze
d
in
thi
s
rese
arc
h
work.
The
suggest
ed
d
esign
for
DS
HE
-
FS
M
com
prises
of
six
f
ie
ld
exc
i
ta
t
ion
coi
ls
(
FECs)
and
six
p
erm
an
ent
ma
gn
e
ts
(PM
s)
as
their
excitation
source
s.
In
th
is
r
ese
arc
h
,
inve
st
ig
at
ion
of
DS
HE
-
FSM
is
ac
co
mplis
hed
with
respe
ct
to
f
lux
linkage,
bac
k
EM
F
,
coggi
ng
torqu
e
and
torque
analysis
base
d
on
2D FEA.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Aircr
a
ft
Dou
ble
sta
tor
Flux
switc
hing
Hybr
i
d
e
xcita
ti
on
Segm
e
nted
rot
or
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Hassa
n Ali
Re
search
Cent
er fo
r Appli
ed
Ele
ct
ro
ma
gnet
ic
s
In
sti
tute
of Int
egr
at
e
d
E
ng
i
ne
erin
g
Un
i
ver
sit
i T
un
Hu
s
sie
n O
nn
M
al
aysia,
86
400 Pa
rit R
aj
a,
Ba
tu Pa
hat Joh
or,
M
al
aysia
Emai
l:
engg.ha
ssans
oomr
o@
gm
ai
l.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
T
he
I
nt
e
gr
a
t
i
on
of
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
po
w
e
r
t
o
“
d
r
i
ve
a
i
r
c
r
a
f
t
s
ys
t
e
m
s
a
nd
s
u
b
-
s
ys
t
e
m
s
pr
e
vi
ou
s
l
y
pr
o
pe
l
l
e
d b
y
hy
dr
a
ul
i
c
,
p
ne
um
a
t
i
c
,
a
nd
m
e
c
ha
ni
c
a
l
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
s
i
s
n
ow
be
c
o
m
i
ng
a
n
a
t
t
r
a
c
t
i
ve
s
e
gm
e
nt
i
n
t
he
a
vi
a
t
i
on
i
nd
us
t
r
y
.
A
d
va
nc
e
m
e
nt
s
i
n
t
he
po
w
e
r
e
l
e
c
t
r
on
i
c
s
s
e
c
t
or
s
pr
ov
i
de
t
he
i
nn
o
va
t
i
on
s
t
o
i
m
pr
ov
e
t
he
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
ve
ne
s
s
a
nd
pr
ot
e
c
t
i
on
of
op
e
r
a
t
i
on
.
T
he
a
vi
a
t
i
on
i
nd
us
t
r
y
o
pe
r
a
t
or
s
un
de
r
go
a
l
on
g
-
t
e
r
m
t
r
a
ns
f
or
m
a
t
i
on
f
r
o
m
m
e
c
ha
ni
c
a
l
,
hy
dr
a
ul
i
c
,
a
nd
pn
e
u
m
a
t
i
c
po
w
e
r
s
ys
t
e
m
s
t
o
w
o
r
l
dw
i
de
op
t
i
m
i
z
e
d
e
l
e
ct
r
i
c
a
l
s
ys
t
e
m
s
[
1
]
-
[
3
]
.
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
m
ot
or
dr
i
ve
s
a
r
e
c
a
pa
bl
e
of
t
r
a
ns
f
e
r
r
i
ng
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
po
w
e
r
t
o
va
r
i
ou
s
s
ys
t
e
m
s
,
l
i
ke
dr
i
ve
a
c
t
ua
t
or
s
,
pu
m
ps
,
c
om
pr
e
s
s
or
s
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
ot
he
r
s
ub
s
ys
t
e
m
s
a
t
va
r
i
ou
s
s
pe
e
ds
,
c
om
bi
n
e
d
w
i
t
h
pr
o
gr
e
s
s
i
ve
e
l
e
ct
r
on
i
c
s
a
nd
c
on
t
r
ol
a
p
pr
oa
c
he
s
[4
]
.
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
dr
i
ve
s
a
r
e
a
bl
e
t
o o
f
f
e
r
i
m
pr
o
ve
m
e
nt
s
i
n
ov
e
r
a
l
l
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
,
w
hi
l
e
re
du
c
i
n
g
w
e
i
gh
t
a
nd
m
e
e
t
i
ng
r
e
l
i
a
bi
l
it
y
r
e
qu
i
r
e
m
e
nt
s
a
t
l
ow
c
os
t
.
T
he
m
a
i
n
ob
j
e
c
t
i
ve
f
or
t
he
av
i
a
t
i
on
i
nd
us
t
r
y
i
s
t
o
a
c
c
om
pl
i
s
h
t
he
a
l
l
-
e
l
e
ct
r
i
c
a
i
rc
r
a
f
t
(
A
E
A
)
,
c
on
ve
r
t
i
ng
a
l
l
p
ow
e
r
s
ys
t
e
m
s
t
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
”
po
w
e
r
[
5]
.
M
or
e
ov
e
r
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
1
,
Ma
rch
202
1
:
51
–
58
52
m
e
c
ha
ni
c
a
l
l
y
a
c
t
ua
t
or
s
ha
ve
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
a
nt
l
y
r
e
p
l
a
c
e
d
hy
d
r
a
ul
i
c
a
c
t
ua
t
or
s
w
i
t
h
e
l
e
c
t
r
on
i
c
s
e
r
vo
va
l
ve
c
on
t
r
ol
.
T
he
"
m
or
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
"
a
dv
a
nc
e
m
e
nt
ha
s
pe
r
m
i
t
t
e
d
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
i
n
m
e
c
ha
ni
c
a
l
c
om
p
on
e
nt
s
a
nd
h
y
dr
a
ul
i
c
p
ow
e
r
s
up
pl
y
s
ys
t
e
m
s
t
o
be
m
or
e
s
i
m
pl
i
f
i
e
d.
S
uc
h
a
s
,
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
m
a
c
hi
ne
f
ue
l
pu
m
ps
w
e
r
e
r
e
c
og
ni
z
e
d
i
n
pl
a
c
e
of
h
yd
r
a
ul
i
c
pu
m
ps
t
o
of
f
e
r
a
dv
a
nt
a
ge
s
of
s
ys
t
e
m
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y,
a
n
d
s
pe
e
d
c
o
nt
r
ol
f
l
e
xi
bi
l
i
t
y [
6
]
,
[
7].
S
i
gn
i
f
i
c
a
nt
i
m
pr
o
ve
m
e
nt
s
c
a
n
be
a
c
qu
i
r
e
d
by
“
pr
e
s
e
nt
i
n
g
m
ul
t
i
-
ph
a
s
e
m
a
c
hi
ne
s
t
o
e
nh
a
nc
e
t
he
r
e
l
i
a
bi
li
t
y
of
m
ot
or
dr
i
ve
s
f
or
ME
A
.
T
he
s
e
m
a
c
hi
ne
s
a
r
e
t
yp
i
c
a
l
l
y
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
a
s
m
a
c
hi
ne
s
w
i
t
h
m
or
e
t
ha
n
t
hr
e
e
p
ha
s
e
s
,
t
hi
s
n
um
be
r
be
i
ng
pr
e
s
u
m
e
d
t
o
be
t
he
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
t
hr
e
s
ho
l
d
i
n
s
i
t
ua
t
i
on
of
a
s
i
ng
l
e
-
p
ha
s
e
f
a
ul
t
.
R
e
po
r
t
i
ng
s
ug
ge
s
t
i
on
s
f
o
r
m
ul
t
i
-
ph
a
s
e
m
ot
or
s
p
ow
e
r
e
d
b
y
m
ul
t
i
-
ph
a
s
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
on
i
c
c
on
ve
r
t
e
r
s
c
a
n
be
f
ou
nd
i
n
l
i
te
r
a
t
ur
e
,
i
n
w
hi
c
h
bo
t
h
t
he
m
ot
or
a
n
d
t
he
dr
i
ve
a
r
e
r
e
q
ui
r
e
d
t
o
m
e
e
t
e
xt
r
e
m
e
f
a
ul
t
t
ol
er
a
nt
r
e
qu
i
r
e
m
e
nt
s
[
8
]
,
[
9]
.
B
y
p
r
o
vi
di
ng
s
ol
ut
i
on
s
f
o
r
po
t
e
nt
i
a
l
f
a
i
l
ur
e
s
,
a
f
a
u
l
t
-
t
ol
e
r
a
nt
s
ys
t
e
m
c
a
n
r
e
a
l
i
z
e
go
a
l
s
of
r
e
l
i
a
bi
li
t
y
de
pr
i
ve
d
o
f
r
e
s
or
t
i
ng
t
o
un
-
op
t
i
m
i
z
e
d
r
e
d
un
da
nc
y
or
o
ve
r
-
s
i
z
i
ng
[
10
]
.
E
ng
i
ne
ge
ne
r
a
t
or
s
,
f
l
i
gh
t
s
ur
f
a
c
e
a
c
t
ua
t
or
s
,
f
l
a
p
a
c
t
ua
t
or
s
,
e
n
gi
ne
f
ue
l
p
um
ps
,
a
nd
l
a
nd
i
ng
ge
a
r
n
os
e
w
he
e
l
”
s
t
e
e
r
i
ng
s
ys
t
e
m
s
a
r
e
m
a
i
n
r
e
gi
on
s
t
o
be
c
on
ds
i
de
r
f
o
r
s
a
f
e
t
y
d
r
i
ve
s
i
n
a
i
r
c
r
a
f
t
[
1
1]
.
R
e
c
e
nt
l
y,
f
or
t
op
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
on
s
l
i
ke
w
i
t
hi
n
t
he
a
e
r
os
pa
c
e
,
a
n
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
ve
hi
c
l
e
s
,
“
f
l
ux
s
w
i
t
c
hi
ng
m
a
c
hi
ne
s
”
(
F
S
M
)
us
i
ng
P
Ms
ha
v
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
hi
g
h
t
or
q
ue
de
ns
i
t
i
e
s
be
s
i
de
s
“
f
a
u
l
t
t
ol
e
r
a
nc
e
”
ab
i
l
i
ti
es
[12
]
-
[
14
]
.
F
S
M
s
c
on
t
a
i
n
a
c
t
i
ve
s
ou
r
c
e
s
f
l
u
x
w
i
t
hi
n
t
he
s
t
a
ti
on
a
r
y
pa
r
t
of
t
he
“
m
ot
or
w
i
t
h
t
he
be
ne
f
i
t
of
s
t
ur
dy
r
ot
or
a
s
s
e
m
bl
y,
w
hi
c
h
i
s
he
l
pf
ul
t
o
be
us
e
d
f
or
hi
g
he
r
s
pe
e
d
a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
on
s
.
W
he
r
e
t
he
f
l
ux
c
on
t
r
ol
i
s
m
a
i
nt
a
i
ne
d
by
D
C
e
x
c
i
t
a
t
io
n
”
c
oi
l
.
F
S
M
s
a
r
e
di
vi
de
d
t
hr
e
e
m
a
i
n
t
yp
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
“
pe
r
m
a
ne
nt
m
a
gn
e
t
(
P
M)
F
S
M”
,
“
f
i
e
l
d
e
xc
i
t
a
ti
on
(
F
E
)
F
S
M”
,
a
nd
“
hy
br
i
d
e
xc
i
t
a
t
io
n
(
H
E
)
F
S
M
”
.
A
c
t
i
ve
f
l
ux
pr
o
du
c
i
n
g
s
ou
r
c
e
s
i
n
c
a
s
e
of
“
P
M
-
F
S
M”
a
nd
“
F
E
-
F
S
M”
a
r
e
P
M
s
a
n
d
“
f
i
e
l
d
e
x
c
i
t
at
i
on
(
F
E
)
c
oi
l
”
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
ly
.
W
hi
l
e
i
n
c
a
s
e
of
“
H
E
-
F
S
M
”
P
Ms
a
nd
F
E
C
oi
l
s
a
r
e
c
om
bi
ne
d
t
o
ge
ne
r
a
t
e
t
he
f
l
ux
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6]
.
“
P
M
-
F
S
Ms
”
a
r
e
be
c
om
i
ng
c
om
m
o
n
i
n
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
io
ns
d
ue
t
o
t
he
t
e
c
hn
ol
og
i
c
a
l
ly
a
dv
a
nc
e
d
hi
gh
-
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
r
a
r
e
e
a
r
t
h
m
a
gn
e
t
i
c
pr
o
d
uc
t
s
,
va
r
yi
n
g
“
f
r
om
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
an
d
h
yb
r
i
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
c
a
r
s
,
r
e
ne
w
a
bl
e
e
ne
r
g
y
s
ys
t
e
m
s
l
i
ke
w
i
n
d
p
ow
e
r
t
ur
bi
ne
s
,
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
i
r
c
ra
f
t
,
i
nd
us
t
r
i
a
l
dr
i
ve
s
,
a
ut
om
a
t
i
on
”
t
o
ho
us
e
ho
l
d
a
pp
l
i
a
nc
e
s
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8]
.
Mo
r
e
ov
e
r
,
“
P
M
m
a
c
hi
ne
s
”
ha
ve
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
l
i
m
i
t
a
ti
on
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
hi
gh
e
r
c
o
s
t
of
“
r
a
r
e
e
a
r
t
h”
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
,
c
om
pa
r
a
t
i
ve
l
y
l
ow
f
l
ux
w
e
a
ke
ni
n
g,
u
nc
ha
n
gi
ng
f
l
ux
,
de
m
a
gn
e
t
i
z
a
ti
on
a
nd
r
e
s
t
r
i
c
t
e
d
op
e
r
a
t
i
ng
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
[
1
9]
.
H
e
nc
e
,
t
he
m
a
c
hi
ne
s
w
hi
c
h
a
r
e
c
om
pl
e
t
e
l
y
f
r
e
e
f
r
om
P
Ms
go
t
a
t
t
e
nt
io
n
o
f
t
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
.
FE
-
F
S
M
w
a
s
s
ug
ge
s
t
e
d
a
nd
e
va
l
ua
t
e
d
us
i
ng
“
do
u
bl
e
s
t
a
t
or
”
i
n
[
20
]
,
[
2
1]
.
T
ho
u
gh
,
t
hi
s
c
a
us
e
s
hi
gh
“
c
op
pe
r
l
os
s
e
s
”
,
a
s
bo
t
h
t
he
a
r
m
a
t
ur
e
a
nd
f
i
e
l
d
c
o
i
l
s
a
r
e
m
ou
nt
e
d
i
nd
i
vi
d
ua
l
l
y
on
b
ot
h
s
t
a
t
o
r
s
.
B
e
s
i
de
s
,
i
t
a
l
s
o
c
om
pr
om
i
s
e
s
t
he
t
or
q
ue
a
n
d
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y
be
c
a
u
s
e
of
l
o
w
f
l
u
x
s
t
r
e
ng
t
h
[
22
]
.
C
on
s
e
q
ue
nt
l
y,
t
he
i
de
a
of
H
E
m
a
c
hi
ne
s
ha
v
e
be
e
n
pr
op
os
e
d
t
o
i
nc
or
p
or
a
t
e
t
he
a
dv
a
nt
a
g
e
s
P
M
a
nd
D
C
e
xc
i
t
a
t
i
on
s
.
H
E
m
a
c
hi
ne
s
a
r
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
ve
a
p
pl
i
c
a
nt
s
f
or
va
r
yi
ng
s
pe
e
ds
a
p
pl
i
c
a
ti
on
s
e
.
g
.
e
l
e
c
t
r
ic
c
a
r
s
,
a
i
r
c
r
a
f
t
a
nd
w
i
nd
p
ow
e
r
ge
ne
r
a
t
i
on
[
23
]
-
[
25]
.
H
E
m
a
c
hi
ne
m
od
e
l
s
a
r
e
di
ve
r
s
i
f
i
e
d,
a
s
t
w
o
s
ou
r
c
e
s
of
e
xc
i
t
a
t
io
n
a
r
e
be
i
ng
a
s
s
e
m
bl
e
d e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
l
y.
In
t
he
l
a
s
t
t
w
e
nt
y
ye
a
r
s
a
w
i
de
v
a
r
i
e
t
y o
f
pr
om
i
s
i
ng
de
s
i
gn
s
ha
ve
be
e
n s
t
u
di
e
d a
n
d
de
ve
l
op
e
d.
E
v
e
n
s
o,
t
he
s
e
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
s
a
r
e
ne
e
de
d
t
o
be
f
u
r
t
he
r
i
m
p
r
o
ve
m
e
nt
du
e
t
o
f
l
u
x
c
a
nc
e
l
l
a
ti
on
s
i
s
s
ue
s
be
t
w
e
e
n
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
P
M
f
l
u
x
a
n
d
F
E
f
l
ux
.
T
he
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
t
he
ne
w
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
of
D
S
H
E
-
F
S
M
w
i
t
h
s
e
gm
e
nt
e
d
r
ot
or
ha
s
be
e
n
pr
op
os
e
d
a
nd
e
xa
m
i
ne
d
i
n t
hi
s
pa
pe
r
.
P
M a
nd
F
E
a
r
e
be
i
ng
us
e
d a
s
m
a
i
n a
nd
s
e
c
o
nd
a
r
y e
xc
i
t
a
t
i
on i
n t
he
pr
o
po
s
e
d s
ys
t
e
m
a
nd
ge
ne
r
a
t
e
“
pa
r
a
l
l
e
l
hy
br
i
d
e
xc
i
t
a
t
i
on
”
to
pr
e
ve
nt
“
f
l
ux
c
a
nc
e
l
l
at
i
on
s
”
a
nd
t
he
i
nf
l
ue
nc
e
s
of
de
m
a
g
ne
t
i
z
a
ti
on
.
I
n
a
dd
i
t
i
on
,
t
he
c
oi
l
t
e
s
t
i
s
pe
r
f
or
m
e
d
t
o
l
e
gi
t
i
m
i
ze
t
he
m
ot
o
r
'
s
o
pe
r
a
t
i
ng
pr
i
nc
i
pl
e
s
,
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
t
h
e
no
n
-
l
oa
d
a
n
d
l
oa
d
c
on
di
t
i
on
s
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
i
s
a
l
s
o
o
bs
e
r
ve
d
ba
s
e
d
o
n
t
he
2
-
D
F
E
A
.
2.
PARA
METR
SPECIFI
C
AI
ONS A
N
D DESIGN
M
ET
H
ODO
L
OG
Y OF P
ROP
OS
ED DS HE
-
FS
M
T
he
de
s
i
g
n
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
at
i
on
a
nd
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
of
a
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
(
D
S
)
H
E
-
F
S
M
us
i
ng
s
e
gm
e
nt
a
l
r
ot
or
a
r
e
i
t
e
m
i
ze
d
i
n
T
ab
l
e
1.
T
he
m
a
xi
m
um
l
i
m
i
t
of
bo
t
h
“
a
r
m
a
t
u
r
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
de
ns
i
t
y
(
J
a
)
”
a
nd
“F
E
C
c
ur
r
e
nt
d
e
ns
i
t
y
(
J
e
)
”
i
s
15
A
/
m
m
2
.
W
he
r
e
a
s
,
t
he
w
e
i
g
ht
o
f
P
M
i
s
f
i
xe
d
a
s
1k
g.
T
he
p
r
op
os
e
d
m
a
c
hi
n
e
c
on
s
i
s
t
s
of
6
P
Ms
s
i
t
ua
t
e
d
on
l
y
a
t
i
nt
e
r
na
l
s
t
a
t
or
t
i
ps
,
t
og
e
t
he
r
“
w
i
t
h
6
F
E
C
s
un
i
f
or
m
l
y
di
s
t
r
i
bu
t
e
d
i
n
t
he
m
i
ds
t
of
e
a
c
h
ou
t
e
r
s
t
a
t
or
t
e
e
t
h.
A
r
m
a
t
u
r
e
w
i
n
di
n
gs
a
n
d
F
E
C
s
a
r
e
m
ou
nt
e
d
on
t
he
o
ut
e
r
s
t
a
t
or
.
F
i
gu
r
e
1
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
a
c
r
os
s
-
s
e
c
t
i
on
al
vi
e
w
of
pr
o
po
s
e
d
D
S
H
E
-
F
S
M
w
i
t
h
a
s
e
gm
e
nt
e
d
r
ot
or
.
T
h
e
f
l
ux
l
i
nk
a
ge
i
n
t
he
a
r
m
a
t
ur
e
c
oi
l
ha
s
on
e
pe
r
i
od
i
c
c
yc
l
e
f
or
m
ot
o
r
r
ot
a
t
i
on
t
hr
ou
gh
1/
1
0
o
f
a
r
e
vo
l
ut
i
on
a
n
d
s
o
t
he
f
r
e
qu
e
nc
y
of
ba
c
k
E
MF
i
n
t
he
a
r
m
a
t
ur
e
c
oi
l
is
t
e
n
t
i
m
e
s
t
he
m
e
c
ha
ni
c
a
l
”
r
ot
a
t
i
on
.
T
he
de
s
i
g
n
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
at
i
on
s
a
r
e
ba
s
i
c
a
l
l
y
c
l
as
s
i
f
i
e
d
i
nt
o
t
w
o
pa
r
t
s
,
i
nc
l
ud
i
ng
t
ho
s
e
r
e
f
e
r
r
i
ng
t
o
t
he
s
t
a
t
or
s
a
nd
t
he
r
ot
or
.
O
n
t
he
s
t
a
t
or
,
i
t
i
s
s
ub
di
vi
de
d
i
nt
o
t
hr
e
e
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
w
hi
ch
a
r
e
t
he
s
ha
pe
of
t
he
F
E
C
s
l
ot
,
t
he
s
ha
pe
o
f
t
he
a
r
m
a
t
ur
e
s
l
ot
a
nd
t
he
P
M
i
n
(
i
nn
e
r
s
t
a
t
or
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Desig
n a
nd an
alysis of
doubl
e stator
HE
-
F
SM
for aircr
aft applic
atio
ns
(
Ha
s
san Ali
)
53
Table
1.
Desig
n para
mete
rs
a
nd r
est
rict
on
s
of D
S
HE
-
FS
M
Item
s
DS HE
-
FS
M
with
seg
m
en
ted
r
o
to
r
Diam
et
er
o
f
ou
ter
stato
r
(
m
m
)
273
Diam
et
er
o
f
in
n
er
stato
r
(
m
m
)
131
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
r
o
to
r
se
g
m
en
ts
10
Too
th
width
of ou
ter
stato
r
(mm)
11
Ou
ter
stato
r
b
ack
i
ron
leng
th
(mm)
20
Air
g
ap
len
g
th
(
m
m
)
0
.5
Armatu
re
co
il slo
t
area
of
(mm
2
)
526
FEC slo
t ar
ea (m
m
2
)
526
FEC nu
m
b
er
o
f
tu
r
n
s p
er
slo
t
10
Armatu
re
co
il nu
m
b
er
o
f
tu
rns
p
er
slo
t
10
Seg
m
en
t sp
an
(
d
eg
ree)
30°
Figure
1.
I
niti
al
d
esi
gn
of pr
opose
d DS
HE
FSM w
it
h
segme
ntal r
otor
3.
PERFO
R
MANC
E
A
NA
L
Y
SIS
O
F
DS
H
E FSS
M
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
s
of
pr
op
os
e
d
D
S
H
E
-
F
S
M
a
r
e
a
na
l
yz
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
ba
s
i
s
o
f
2D
-
F
E
A
us
i
ng
J
M
A
G
de
s
i
gn
e
r
.
T
he
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
us
e
d
f
or
P
M
i
s
“
N
E
O
MA
X
-
3
5
A
H
”
wh
i
l
e
“
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
-
m
a
g
ne
t
i
c
s
t
e
e
l
(
35
H
21
0
)
”
i
s
us
e
d
f
o
r
t
he
c
or
e
s
of
r
ot
o
r
s
a
n
d
s
t
a
t
or
s
.
T
he
s
l
o
t
a
r
e
a
of
t
he
“
a
r
m
a
t
ur
e
c
oi
l
(
S
a
)
”
p
r
o
vi
de
s
m
a
xi
m
um
a
m
o
un
t
of
a
r
m
a
t
ur
e
c
oi
l
t
ur
ns
(
N
a
)
,
w
h
i
l
e
,
t
he
bo
un
d
a
r
i
e
s
of
“
a
r
m
a
t
ur
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
d
e
ns
i
t
y
J
a
”
i
s
se
t
t
o
15
A
r
m
s
/
m
m
2
.
E
qu
a
l
l
y,
t
h
e
m
a
xi
m
um
“
f
i
e
l
d
c
ur
r
e
nt
de
ns
i
t
y
J
e
”
i
s
s
e
t
t
o
15
A
/
m
m
2
.
3.1.
Flux
li
nkage
at dif
fren
t
s
ou
r
ces
T
he
r
e
s
ul
t
s
of
s
ug
ge
s
t
e
d
“
D
S
H
E
-
F
S
M
w
i
t
h
s
e
gm
e
nt
e
d
r
ot
or
”
a
t
o
pe
n
c
i
r
c
ui
t
i
nc
l
ud
i
ng
f
l
ux
l
i
nk
a
ge
,
ba
c
k
-
E
MF
,
a
n
d
c
o
gg
i
n
g
t
or
q
ue
a
r
e
i
ni
t
i
a
ll
y
e
va
l
ua
t
e
d.
F
l
ux
l
i
nk
a
ge
i
s
a
n
e
xa
m
i
na
t
i
on
t
o
a
f
f
i
r
m
t
he
“
m
a
gn
e
t
ic
f
l
ux
”
,
pr
od
uc
e
d
t
hr
o
ug
h
t
he
c
om
bi
na
t
i
on
of
“
P
Ms
a
n
d
F
E
C
s
”
.
T
he
f
l
ux
l
i
nk
a
ge
o
f
pr
o
po
s
e
d
m
a
c
hi
ne
i
s
i
nv
e
s
t
i
ga
t
e
d
a
n
d
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
a
t
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
e
xc
i
t
at
i
on
s
s
o
ur
c
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
P
M
on
l
y,
F
E
C
o
nl
y
a
n
d
a
t
H
E
c
o
nd
i
t
i
on
s
a
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
2.
F
r
om
t
he
f
i
gu
r
e
,
i
t
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
t
ha
t
t
he
m
a
c
hi
ne
dr
a
w
s
l
ow
e
s
t
f
l
ux
l
i
nka
ge
w
he
n
on
l
y
F
E
s
ou
r
c
e
s
i
s
a
c
t
i
ve
(
w
i
t
ho
ut
P
Ms
)
.
T
he
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
d
f
l
u
x
l
i
nk
a
ge
i
s
ge
ne
r
a
t
e
d
a
s
bo
t
h
t
he
e
xc
i
t
a
t
i
on
s
a
r
e
us
e
d
a
t
hy
br
i
d
c
on
di
t
i
on
w
he
r
e
t
he
f
l
ux
l
i
nk
a
g
e
a
c
hi
e
ve
d
i
s
a
l
m
os
t
0.
0
34
5
W
b.
I
t
a
l
s
o
ve
r
i
f
i
e
s
t
ha
t
t
he
f
l
ux
l
i
nk
a
ge
s
f
r
om
b
ot
h
s
ou
r
c
e
s
a
r
e
c
om
bi
ne
d
p
r
o
p
e
r
l
y
a
nd
h
yb
r
i
d
e
xc
i
t
a
t
i
on
i
s
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
l
y
a
c
hi
e
ve
d.
W
he
r
e
a
s
,
in
c
a
s
e
o
f
“
on
l
y
P
M
e
xc
i
t
a
t
i
on
”
,
t
he
a
m
ou
nt
of
f
l
ux
de
ns
i
t
y
ob
t
a
i
ne
d
i
s
a
pp
r
ox
i
m
a
t
e
l
y
0.
02
5
Wb.
Figure
2. Flu
x l
ink
age
at
var
i
ou
s
c
onditi
on
s
PM
only
, F
EC
on
l
y
a
nd HE
3.2.
Cog
ging t
orque ex
amin
at
i
on o
f DE HE
-
F
SM
A
t
f
i
r
s
t
,
t
h
e
b
e
ha
vi
or
of
t
he
c
og
gi
ng
t
o
r
q
u
e
f
or
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
D
S
H
E
-
F
S
M
ha
s
be
e
n
e
va
l
ua
t
e
d
be
i
ng
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
3
a
t
no
l
oa
d
c
i
r
c
um
s
t
a
nc
e
.
T
ha
t
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
f
r
om
f
i
g
ur
e
t
ha
t
c
og
gi
n
g
t
o
r
qu
e
a
t
“
P
M
o
nl
y”
i
s
a
bo
ut
5.
57
N
m
pe
a
k
t
o
pe
a
k
.
A
l
t
ho
u
gh
t
he
“
m
a
xi
m
um
f
i
e
l
d
c
ur
r
e
nt
de
ns
i
t
y
”
of
1
5
A
/
m
m
2
i
s
i
ns
e
r
t
e
d
i
nt
o
f
i
e
l
d
Ou
ter
stato
r
FE
Co
ils
Armatu
re
co
ils
PMs
Ro
to
r
seg
m
en
ts
Inn
er
stato
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
1
,
Ma
rch
202
1
:
51
–
58
54
c
oi
l
i
n
t
he
c
a
s
e
of
F
E
o
nl
y.
I
n
t
he
c
a
s
e
of
“
F
E
o
nl
y”
t
he
va
l
ue
o
f
c
og
gi
ng
t
or
qu
e
i
s
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
d
ue
t
o
hi
g
h
c
ur
r
e
nt
i
n
t
he
F
E
c
oi
l
,
w
hi
c
h
c
a
n
c
a
us
e
f
l
uc
t
u
a
t
i
on
s
a
nd
a
m
b
i
e
nt
s
ou
n
ds
i
n
t
he
m
ot
o
r
.
O
n
t
he
ot
he
r
s
i
de
,
w
hi
l
e
m
a
c
h
i
ne
i
s
un
de
r
no
l
oa
d
c
i
r
c
um
s
t
a
nc
e
s
,
t
he
c
o
gg
i
ng
t
o
r
q
ue
i
s
d
r
op
pe
d,
a
nd
a
r
e
a
s
on
a
bl
e
va
l
ue
of
a
bo
ut
12
N
m
“
pe
a
k
t
o
p
e
a
k”
ha
s
be
e
n
ge
ne
r
a
t
e
d.
T
h
o
ug
h,
t
he
ob
t
a
i
ne
d
va
l
ue
of
“
c
o
gg
i
n
g
t
or
qu
e
”
of
t
he
i
ni
t
ia
l
de
s
i
gn
i
s
hi
gh
c
om
pa
r
e
d
t
o
“
i
n
c
a
s
e
of
P
M
on
l
y”
.
T
he
i
ni
t
i
a
l
st
r
uc
t
ur
e
of
t
he
ne
w
“
D
S
HE
-
F
S
M”
a
f
f
i
r
m
s
t
ha
t
t
he
p
e
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
pr
op
os
e
d
m
ot
or
w
i
l
l
be
u
ni
f
or
m
a
t
hi
g
he
r
s
pe
e
ds
w
i
t
h
f
e
w
e
r
vi
br
a
t
i
on
s
a
n
d
no
i
s
e
s
.
Figure
3. Co
gging
t
orq
ue of p
rop
os
ed
DS
H
E FSM
with s
e
gm
e
ntal r
otor
3.3.
Induced
EM
F
of pr
oposed
DS
HE
-
F
SM
F
i
gu
r
e
4
de
m
o
ns
t
r
a
t
e
i
nd
uc
e
d
E
MF
o
f
s
ug
ge
s
t
e
d
D
S
H
E
-
F
S
M
a
t
op
e
n
c
i
r
c
ui
t
c
on
di
t
i
on
w
i
t
h
s
pe
e
d
of
50
0
r
pm
.
T
he
m
a
gn
i
t
ud
e
of
i
nd
uc
e
d
vo
l
t
a
ge
pr
od
uc
e
d
fr
om
P
M
o
nl
y i
s
a
r
o
un
d
26
.
5
V
,
w
i
t
h a
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
di
s
t
or
t
i
on
i
n
t
he
s
i
nu
s
oi
d
a
l
w
a
ve
f
o
r
m
a
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
4.
N
e
ve
r
t
h
e
l
e
s
s
,
"
F
E
on
l
y"
ge
ne
r
a
t
e
s
l
e
s
s
e
r
i
nd
uc
e
d
v
ol
t
a
ge
t
ha
n
P
M,
a
l
t
h
ou
gh
t
he
r
e
i
s
s
om
e
di
s
t
or
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
he
w
a
ve
f
or
m
.
A
l
t
ho
ug
h
t
he
m
a
g
ni
t
ud
e
of
i
n
du
c
e
d
E
MF
i
s
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
d
t
o
ne
a
r
l
y
35
V
by
c
om
bi
ni
n
g
b
ot
h
s
ou
r
c
e
s
(
P
M
a
nd
F
E
)
du
e
t
o
f
i
e
l
d
-
s
t
r
e
ng
t
he
n
i
ng
e
f
f
e
c
t
.
W
he
r
e
a
s
,
i
t
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
i
n
t
he
f
i
gu
r
e
t
ha
t
t
he
va
r
i
a
t
i
on
ha
s
a
l
s
o
be
e
n
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
a
n
d
va
l
i
da
t
e
s
t
ha
t
th
e
s
u
gg
e
s
t
e
d
D
S
H
E
-
F
S
M
m
ot
or
op
e
r
a
t
e
s
s
e
a
m
l
e
s
sl
y
un
de
r
s
a
f
e
r
e
gi
on
.
Figure
4. I
nduc
ed
E
M
F
agai
nst
r
ot
or
posit
ion
3.4.
Flux
distribu
t
ion
an
d
f
lux
d
ensity a
t full
load
Ma
g
ne
t
i
c
f
l
ux
di
s
t
r
i
bu
t
i
on
a
n
d
f
l
u
x
de
ns
i
t
y
of
s
ug
ge
s
t
e
d
“
D
S
H
E
-
F
S
M”
a
r
e
e
xa
m
i
ne
d
a
t
f
ul
l
l
oa
d
c
on
di
t
i
on
s
f
o
r
s
ou
r
c
e
s
of
e
xc
i
t
a
ti
on
s
.
T
he
f
l
u
x
di
s
t
r
i
bu
t
i
on
o
f
p
r
o
po
s
e
d
“
D
S
H
E
-
F
S
M”
a
r
e
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
5
.
F
i
gu
r
e
5(
a
)
di
s
pl
a
ys
t
he
f
l
ux
di
s
t
r
i
bu
t
i
on
a
t
“
f
i
e
l
d
c
ur
r
e
nt
de
ns
i
t
y
o
f
15
A
/
m
m
2
”
be
s
i
d
e
s
“
a
r
m
a
t
ur
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Desig
n a
nd an
alysis of
doubl
e stator
HE
-
F
SM
for aircr
aft applic
atio
ns
(
Ha
s
san Ali
)
55
de
ns
i
t
y
of
1
5
A
r
m
s
/
m
m
2
”
.
I
t
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
f
r
om
f
i
gu
r
e
t
ha
t
f
l
ux
de
ns
i
t
y
a
t
f
ul
l
l
oa
d
i
s
2.
53
T
,
w
he
r
e
a
s
,
a
bo
v
e
2.
5
3T
,
f
l
u
x
ge
t
“
s
a
t
ur
a
t
e
d
w
hi
c
h
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
a
t
t
he
ti
ps
of
t
he
t
e
e
t
h
of
ou
t
e
r
s
t
a
t
or
i
n
r
e
d
”
c
i
r
c
l
e
s
.
B
e
sid
e
s
,
F
i
gu
r
e
5
(
b)
de
m
on
s
t
r
a
t
e
s
t
he
f
l
ux
di
s
t
r
i
bu
t
i
on
”
w
he
n
“
P
M
o
nl
y”
e
xc
i
t
a
t
i
on
i
s
ut
il
i
zed
a
t
f
ul
l
l
oa
d,
r
e
a
l
i
z
i
ng
s
m
oo
t
h
di
s
t
r
i
bu
t
i
on
a
r
o
un
d
t
he
c
or
e
s
of
m
a
c
hi
ne
a
nd
a
c
hi
e
vi
ng
t
he
“
m
a
xi
m
um
f
l
u
x
de
ns
i
t
y
of
2.
60
T
”
.
W
he
r
e
a
s
i
n
c
a
s
e
of
F
i
g
ur
e
5(
c
)
,
i
n
w
hi
c
h
“
P
M
a
n
d
F
E
”
e
xc
i
t
at
i
on
s
a
r
e
un
i
t
e
d
t
o
p
r
o
du
c
e
m
a
gn
e
t
i
c
f
l
ux
l
i
nk
a
ge
.
F
r
om
F
i
gu
r
e
5(
c
)
,
t
he
ov
e
r
a
l
l
m
a
gn
e
t
i
c
f
l
ux
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
c
i
r
c
ul
a
t
e
d
a
l
m
os
t
10
0%
ov
e
r
t
he
c
or
e
of
m
a
c
hi
n
e
,
d
u
e
t
o
t
he
P
Ms
,
w
h
i
c
h
a
r
e
po
s
i
t
i
on
e
d
o
n
t
he
s
ur
f
a
c
e
of
i
nn
e
r
s
t
a
t
o
r
w
he
r
e
a
s
a
r
ou
nd
t
he
o
ut
e
r
s
t
a
t
or
a
l
m
os
t
90
%
of
“
m
a
gn
e
t
i
c
f
l
ux
”
i
s
di
s
pe
r
s
e
d
w
i
t
h
10
%
e
m
p
t
y
c
or
e
c
a
us
e
d
by
f
l
ux
s
a
t
ur
a
t
i
on
a
t
t
he
t
i
ps
of
s
t
a
t
or
t
oo
t
h
a
nd
oc
c
ur
r
e
nc
e
of
l
e
a
k
a
ge
.
F
ur
t
he
r
m
or
e
,
f
r
o
m
F
i
gu
r
e
5
(
c
)
,
i
t
i
s
ob
vi
ou
s
t
ha
t
m
a
xi
m
um
a
nd
m
i
ni
m
um
f
l
ux
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
a
t
t
ai
ne
d
i
n
“
D
S
H
E
-
F
S
M”
a
r
e
2.
9
T
a
nd
3.
6
E
-
05
T
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
l
y.
T
hi
s
i
nv
e
s
t
i
ga
ti
on
a
f
f
i
r
m
s
t
ha
t
t
he
“
D
S
H
E
-
F
S
M”
c
om
pe
t
e
nc
e
e
n
ou
gh
t
o
c
r
e
a
t
e
hi
gh
l
e
v
e
l
s
of
f
l
u
x
de
n
s
i
t
ie
s
t
o
r
e
a
c
h
hi
gh
e
s
t
e
s
s
e
nt
i
a
l
t
or
qu
e
f
o
r
a
i
r
c
r
a
f
t
a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
on
s
a
t
va
r
i
ou
s
s
pe
e
d
r
a
ng
e
s.
(a)
FE
sou
rce
on
l
y
(b)
P
M
sourc
e
on
l
y
(c)
Bot
h
s
ourc
es
(
HE)
Figure
5
.
M
a
gnet
ic
f
lu
x de
nsi
ty at dif
fer
e
nt
excit
at
ion
s
our
ces
4.
TORQ
UE I
N
VESTIG
ATI
ON AT
DIFF
ERENT
CUR
RENT
DEN
SI
TIE
S
T
he
t
or
qu
e
i
n
ve
s
t
i
ga
t
i
on
of
pr
o
po
s
e
d
D
S
H
E
-
F
S
M
i
s
c
on
du
c
t
e
d
by
i
ns
e
r
t
i
ng
va
r
i
a
b
l
e
va
l
ue
s
of
a
r
m
a
t
ur
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
de
ns
i
t
i
e
s
f
r
om
3
A
r
m
s
/
m
m
2
t
o
15
A
r
m
s
/
m
m
2
a
t
va
r
i
ou
s
l
oa
ds
.
H
e
nc
e
f
or
w
a
r
d
,
a
t
m
ax
i
m
u
m
f
i
e
l
d c
ur
r
e
nt
de
ns
i
t
y o
f
1
5 A
/
m
m
2
,
t
he
va
l
ue
of
t
or
qu
e
ha
s
be
e
n o
bs
e
r
ve
d
a
t
va
r
i
ou
s
“
a
r
m
a
t
ur
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
d
e
ns
i
t
i
es
(
J
a
)
”
s
uc
h
a
s
a
t
3
A
r
m
s
/
m
m
2
,
6
A
r
m
s
/
m
m
2
,
9
A
r
m
s
/
m
m
2
,
12
A
r
m
s
/
m
m
2
a
nd
15
A
r
m
s
/
m
m
2
.
A
s
a
s
o
u
r
c
e
of
f
l
u
x,
P
M
pr
od
uc
e
s
c
on
s
i
s
t
e
nt
f
l
ux
a
nd
t
hu
s
t
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
de
ns
i
t
y
of
t
he
f
i
e
l
d
i
s
va
r
i
e
d
t
o
e
va
l
ua
t
e
t
he
o
ut
pu
t
t
or
qu
e
a
t
va
r
i
o
us
l
oa
ds
.
F
i
gu
r
e
6
de
m
o
ns
t
r
a
t
e
s
t
he
r
e
s
ul
t
of
t
or
qu
e
a
t
va
r
i
ou
s
c
u
r
r
e
nt
de
ns
i
t
i
e
s
un
de
r
v
a
r
i
ou
s
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
i
n
t
he
a
r
m
a
t
ur
e
.
A
s
f
r
om
f
i
g
ur
e
,
i
t
i
s
s
ho
w
n
t
ha
t
a
s
t
he
f
i
e
l
d
c
ur
r
e
nt
de
ns
i
t
y
r
a
i
s
e
s
,
t
he
a
m
ou
nt
o
f
t
or
qu
e
gr
o
w
s
.
T
he
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
t
he
fl
ux
ge
ne
r
a
t
e
d f
r
om
"
P
Ms
a
n
d
F
E
C
s
"
i
s
a
pp
r
op
r
i
a
t
e
l
y c
om
b
i
ne
d a
t
hi
gh
de
ns
i
t
i
e
s
.
Th
is
f
a
vo
r
s
t
ha
t
t
he
m
a
c
hi
ne
b
e
i
ng
pr
op
os
e
d
i
s
a
bl
e
t
o
ge
ne
r
a
t
e
hi
gh
e
r
t
or
q
u
e
a
t
f
ul
l
l
oa
d.
F
r
om
fi
gu
r
e
i
t
s
e
e
ms
t
o
be
c
l
e
a
r
t
ha
t
a
t
a
m
a
xi
m
u
m
"
a
r
m
a
t
ur
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
de
ns
i
t
y
of
15
A
r
m
s
/
m
m
2
"
,
t
he
m
a
xi
m
um
t
o
r
q
ue
a
t
t
a
i
ne
d
i
s
a
bo
ut
16
0N
m
.
I
n
a
d
di
t
i
on
,
t
h
e
t
or
qu
e
pl
ot
s
ug
ge
s
t
s
t
ha
t
D
S
H
E
-
F
S
M
s
t
i
l
l
t
e
nd
s
t
o
w
i
t
hs
t
a
nd
t
he
m
o
r
e
f
l
ux
e
s
w
hi
l
e
a
v
oi
di
ng
a
ny
s
a
t
ur
a
t
i
on
a
nd
c
a
nc
e
l
l
a
t
io
ns
be
t
w
e
e
n
"
P
M
a
n
d
F
E
C
"
f
l
ux
e
s
a
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
7.
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
m
ot
or
s
f
o
r
a
i
r
c
r
a
f
t
a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
on
s
r
e
q
ui
r
e
hi
g
h
t
or
qu
e
s
,
e
s
pe
c
i
a
l
l
y
a
t
l
ow
e
r
a
l
t
it
ud
e
s
a
nd
l
o
w
e
r
s
pe
e
ds
,
he
nc
e
,
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
s
o
f
D
S
H
E
-
F
S
M
a
r
e
pr
om
i
ne
nt
t
o
be
a
pp
l
i
e
d
f
o
r
s
uc
h
a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
io
ns
.
Satura
ti
on
Magn
etic Flux
den
sity
Satura
ti
on
Magn
etic f
lu
x
den
sity
Em
p
ty
sp
ace
Em
p
ty
sp
ace
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
1
,
Ma
rch
202
1
:
51
–
58
56
Figure
6
.
Aver
age tor
qu
e
of
DS
HE
-
FS
M
with se
gm
e
nte
d ro
t
or
5.
TORQ
UE
A
ND
POWE
R
CHA
RACT
ERISTI
CS
W
ITH
RESP
ECT
TO
S
P
EE
D
OF
INIT
IAL
DESIG
N
F
i
gu
r
e
7
de
m
o
ns
t
r
a
t
e
s
t
he
t
or
qu
e
a
nd
p
ow
e
r
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
of
t
he
“
D
S
H
E
S
F
M”
.
F
r
o
m
f
i
gu
r
e
,
t
he
gr
a
p
h
o
f
t
or
q
ue
a
nd
p
ow
e
r
of
t
he
pr
op
os
e
d
de
s
i
gn
i
s
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
i
n
bl
ue
a
n
d
o
r
a
ng
e
l
i
ne
s
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
l
y.
W
he
r
e
,
it
i
s
ob
vi
ou
s
f
r
o
m
t
he
f
i
gu
r
e
t
ha
t
pr
o
po
s
e
d
“
D
S
H
E
-
F
S
M”
ha
s
a
t
t
ai
ne
d
t
he
m
a
xi
m
um
t
o
r
qu
e
a
l
m
os
t
16
0
N
m
w
hi
c
h
i
s
c
o
nt
i
nu
e
d
t
i
l
l
t
he
ba
s
e
s
pe
e
d
o
f
3
75
0
r
pm
.
B
e
s
i
de
s
,
t
he
va
l
ue
of
t
o
r
q
ue
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
i
s
r
e
du
c
e
d
gr
a
d
ua
l
l
y
a
nd
r
e
a
c
he
s
t
i
ll
10
N
m
a
t
s
pe
e
d
o
f
a
r
ou
nd
1
6,
0
00
r
pm
.
Figure
7
.
Tor
que
a
nd po
wer v
s sp
ee
d
c
hracht
erist
ic
s
of DS
HE
-
FS
M
Mo
r
e
ov
e
r
,
t
he
i
ni
t
ia
l
de
s
i
gn
ha
s
a
t
t
ai
ne
d
m
a
xi
m
um
p
ow
e
r
of
a
r
ou
nd
70
kW
at
s
pe
e
d
of
60
00
r
pm
.
N
e
ve
r
t
he
l
e
s
s
,
w
i
t
h
r
i
s
e
of
s
p
e
e
d,
t
he
va
l
ue
of
po
w
e
r
i
s
s
l
o
w
l
y
r
e
d
uc
e
d
u
nt
i
l
48
kW
at
m
a
xi
m
um
s
pe
e
d.
T
hi
s
s
l
ow
l
y
r
e
du
c
t
i
on
i
n
po
w
e
r
i
s
du
e
t
o
c
or
e
a
nd
e
d
dy
c
ur
r
e
nt
l
os
s
e
s
on
t
he
ou
t
e
r
s
t
a
t
or
.
A
s
a
c
on
c
l
us
i
o
n,
t
he
pr
o
po
s
e
d
de
s
i
gn
of
“
DS
HE
-
F
S
M”
ha
s
r
e
a
l
i
z
e
d
a
de
q
ua
t
e
o
u
t
c
om
e
s
of
m
a
x
i
m
um
t
or
qu
e
at
hi
gh
s
pe
e
d
r
a
ng
e
s
.
I
t
a
l
s
o
c
on
f
i
r
m
s
t
ha
t
pr
op
os
e
d
“
D
S
HE
-
F
S
M
”
can
be
t
he
f
av
or
i
t
e
s
ol
ut
i
on
f
or
a
i
r
c
r
a
f
t
a
pp
l
i
c
at
i
on
s
w
he
r
e
hi
gh
t
or
qu
e
at
hi
gh
s
pe
e
ds
is
e
s
s
e
nt
i
a
l
r
e
qu
i
r
e
m
e
nt
.
6.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
T
hi
s
pa
pe
r
p
r
e
s
e
nt
s
t
he
de
s
i
gn
a
na
l
ys
i
s
a
nd
e
xa
m
i
na
t
i
on
of
D
S
H
E
-
F
S
M.
T
he
i
n
ve
s
t
i
ga
t
e
d
de
s
i
gn
i
nc
l
ud
e
s
t
w
o
s
t
a
t
or
s
w
i
t
hi
n
a
s
e
gm
e
nt
a
l
r
ot
or
.
U
s
i
ng
J
M
A
G
de
s
i
g
ne
r
,
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
e
va
l
ua
t
i
on
of
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
de
s
i
gn
i
s
e
xa
m
i
ne
d
ba
s
e
d
on
2D
-
F
E
A
.
T
he
pr
e
l
i
m
i
na
r
y
r
e
s
ul
t
s
of
pr
op
os
e
d
de
s
i
gn
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
s
t
ha
t
t
he
de
s
i
g
n
ha
s
p
r
o
du
c
e
d
a
c
c
e
pt
a
bl
e
va
l
ue
s
of
f
l
u
x
ou
t
p
ut
,
s
m
o
ot
he
r
f
l
ux
l
i
ne
s
a
nd
hi
gh
t
or
q
ue
ou
t
p
ut
.
I
n
a
d
di
t
i
on
t
o
t
hi
s
,
ba
c
k
E
MF
,
c
o
gg
i
n
g
t
or
qu
e
,
a
nd
f
l
ux
di
s
t
r
i
b
ut
i
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“
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S
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F
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M
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l
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on
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he
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r
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a
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t
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
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8
694
Desig
n a
nd an
alysis of
doubl
e stator
HE
-
F
SM
for aircr
aft applic
atio
ns
(
Ha
s
san Ali
)
57
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
T
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
or
k
i
s
s
p
on
s
o
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d
b
y
“
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
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nd
Ma
na
ge
m
e
nt
c
e
nt
e
r
”
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ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
T
un
H
us
s
e
i
n
O
nn
Ma
l
a
ys
i
a
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U
T
H
M)
,
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nd
e
r
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
u
nd
E
1
5
50
1
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
C
.
W
e
n
p
i
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
O
v
e
r
v
i
e
w
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
M
o
t
o
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
U
s
e
d
f
o
r
M
o
r
e
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
A
i
r
c
r
a
f
t
(
M
E
A
)
,
”
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
ns
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
s
tr
i
a
l
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
9
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
3
5
2
3
–
3
53
1
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2]
S.
N
.
M
o
t
a
p
o
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“A
c
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
s
t
u
d
y
of
e
n
e
r
g
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
for
a
f
u
e
l
-
cell
h
y
b
r
i
d
e
m
e
r
g
e
n
c
y
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
of
m
o
r
e
-
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
i
r
c
r
a
f
t
,
”
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
us
t
r
i
a
l
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
0
–
1
3
3
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[3]
A.
Bogli
et
t
i
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Th
e
saf
et
y
c
rit
ical
elec
t
ric
m
ac
hin
es
and
dr
iv
es
in
th
e
mor
e
e
le
c
tri
c
ai
r
cra
f
t:
A
survey,
”
35
t
h
Annual
Con
fe
re
nce
o
f
I
EE
E
Ind
ustrial
Elec
troni
cs
,
Porto
,
Portug
al
,
2009,
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258
7
–
2594.
[4]
B.
K.
Bose
,
“Power
elec
tron
ics
and
mot
or
dr
ive
s
—
Recent
pr
ogre
ss
and
per
s
pec
t
ive
,
”
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Industrial
E
le
c
tronic
s
,
vo
l. 56, n
o.
2
,
pp
.
581
–
58
8,
Feb
.
2009
.
[5]
A.
C.
Hoffm
an
e
t
al
.
,
“
Advanc
ed
Seconda
ry
Pow
er
Sys
te
m
for
Tr
ansport
Airc
r
aft,
”
W
ashingt
on,
DC:
NA
SA
,
May
1985,
ser
.
NAS
A T
ec
hnic
a
l
Pape
r 246
3.
[6]
G.
J.
Atkinson
et
al
.,
“
Th
e
anal
ysis
of
losses
in
high
-
power
f
au
lt
-
tolera
n
t
machi
nes
for
a
ero
spac
e
appl
i
ca
t
ions,”
IEE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
ns on
Industrial Appli
ca
ti
ons
,
vo
l.
42
,
no
.
5
,
pp
.
1
162
–
1170,
2006
.
[7]
B.
K.
Bose
,
“Power
elec
t
ronic
s a
nd
mot
or
drive
s re
ce
n
t
progr
ess
a
nd
per
spec
ti
ve
,
”
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
ns
on
Industrial
El
e
ct
ronics
,
vol
.
56,
no.
2,
pp.
58
1
–
588,
Feb
.
200
9.
[8]
S.
Dw
ari
and
L
.
Parsa,
“Fault
-
tolera
nt
cont
rol
of
five
-
phase
p
ermane
nt
ma
gne
t
mo
tors
with
tra
p
ez
o
ida
l
b
ac
k
EMF
,
”
IEE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
ns on
Industrial Elect
ronics
,
vol
.
58,
no.
2,
pp.
47
6
–
485,
Feb
.
201
1.
[9]
E.
Le
v
i,
“Multi
phase
e
lectr
i
c
m
ac
hin
es
for
v
ariabl
e
-
spe
ed
appl
i
ca
t
ions,”
Tr
ansa
ct
ions
on
Indust
rial
E
le
c
tronic
s
,
vol.
55
,
no
.
5
,
pp
.
1893
–
1909
,
M
ay
.
2008
.
[10]
N.
Bia
n
chi
and
S.
Bologna
n
i,
“
Fault
-
tolera
n
t
P
M
mot
ors
in
au
t
omot
ive
app
li
c
a
t
ions,”
in
Proc.
I
EE
E
Confe
ren
ce.
Ve
hi
cl
e
Pow
er
P
ropulsion
,
2005,
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747
–
755.
[11]
R.
Krishnan
and
A.
S.
Bh
ara
dwa
j,
“A
com
pa
rativ
e
study
of
v
ari
o
us
mot
or
driv
e
s
ystem
s
for
a
irc
r
a
ft
app
lications,”
in
Confe
ren
ce
R
ec
ord
of
the
199
1
IEE
E
Industry
Appl
ic
a
ti
ons
Soc
i
ety
Annual
Me
e
ti
ng,
Dearbor
n,
MI,
1991,
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.
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,
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–
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.
[12]
T.
Raminosoa
a
nd
C.
Ger
ada,
“
A
com
p
arati
ve
s
tudy
of
p
erm
an
e
nt
ma
gne
t
-
synch
ronous
and
per
m
ane
nt
m
agnet
-
flu
x
sw
it
chi
ng
m
ac
h
ine
s
for
fau
lt
t
ole
ran
t
driv
e
sys
te
ms,
”
in
IE
E
E
Ene
rgy
Conv
ersion
Congres
s
and
Ex
posit
io
n
(ECCE
)
,
2010,
p
p.
2471
–
2478
.
[13]
T.
R
am
inoso
a
e
t
al
.,
“
Design
C
onsidera
t
ions
fo
r
a
Fault
-
Tol
er
a
nt
Flux
-
Sw
it
ch
i
ng
Perma
n
ent
-
Magne
t
Ma
chi
n
e,
”
IEE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
ns
on
Industrial Elect
ronics,
vol
.
58,
pp.
2818
–
28
25,
2011
.
[14]
A
.
L
.
Shuraiji
a
nd
M.
M.
J.
Al
-
ani
,
“D
esign
and
optimizat
ion
of
HTS
flux
-
sw
it
ch
ing
p
erm
an
ent
ma
gne
t
ma
ch
ine,”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of Powe
r
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Dr
iv
e
Syst
em
(I
J
PE
DS)
,
vo
l. 10,
no.
4
,
pp
.
1751
–
1757,
De
c
.
2019
.
[15]
Sulai
ma
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
New
Structure
of
12Slot
-
1
0Pole
Fiel
d
-
Excita
t
ion
Flux
Sw
i
tc
hing
Synchron
ous
Mac
hine
fo
r
Hybrid
El
e
ct
r
ic
Vehic
l
es,
”
Proc
ee
dings
of
14th
European
Confer
enc
es
on
Pow
e
r
El
ectronics
an
d
Appl
i
ed.
(
EPE
),
UK
,
Paper
No
.
3
62,
2011
[16]
Soomro
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Perform
ance
Compa
r
ison
an
d
an
al
ysis
of
(
HE
-
FS
M)
and
(FEFS
M)
using
Segm
ent
a
l
rot
or
Struct
ure
,
”
Appli
ed
Me
chanics an
d
Mate
ria
ls,
vo
l.
695,
pp.
778
–
7
8
2,
2015
.
[17]
E
.
I.
Mbadiwe
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Per
ma
ne
nt
m
agne
t
flux
sw
it
chi
ng
mot
or
technology
as
a
solut
ion
for
h
igh
torqu
e
cl
e
an
el
e
ct
ri
c
v
ehicle
drive
,
”
In
te
rnat
i
onal
Journal
of
Powe
r
E
lectroni
cs
and
Dr
ive
Sy
stem
(IJ
PE
DS)
,
vol.
10,
no.
2,
p
p.
575
–
584,
Jun
.
2
019.
[18]
C.
San
abr
i
a
-
W
a
lt
er
e
t
a
l
.
,
“Hig
h
-
Torque
Densit
y
High
-
Eff
icien
cy
Flux
-
Sw
itchi
ng
PM
Ma
chi
n
e
for
Ae
rospac
e
Applic
a
ti
ons,”
I
EE
E
Journal
of
Eme
rging
and
S
el
e
ct
ed
Topics
i
n
Powe
r
Elec
tronic
s
,
vol.
1
,
no
.
4,
pp
.
327
–
336
,
Aug
.
2013.
[19]
I.
Boldea
e
t
al.
,
“Autom
oti
v
e
e
lectr
i
c
propulsion
sys
te
ms
with
re
duce
d
or
no
pe
r
ma
nen
t
ma
gn
et
s
:
An
over
vie
w
,
”
IEE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
ns on
Industrial Elect
ronics
,
vol
.
61,
no.
10,
pp.
5
696
–
5711,
Oct
.
2014.
[20]
Z.
Q.
Zhu
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
Wound
Fiel
d
Sw
it
che
d
Flux
Mac
hine
wi
th
Fi
el
d
and
Arm
at
ur
e
Wi
nd
ings
Sepa
rat
e
ly
Wound
in
Double
S
tators,”
IEEE
Tr
ansactions
on
Ene
rg
y
C
onve
rs
ion
,
vo
l
.
3
0,
no
.
2
,
pp
.
772
–
783,
Jun
.
2015.
[21]
F
.
Amin
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Modell
ing
and
S
im
ulation
of
Fie
l
d
Orien
te
d
Cont
rol
b
ase
d
Perm
a
nent
Magne
t
Sy
nchr
onous
Moto
r
Drive
Sys
te
m
,
”
Indone
sian
Jour
nal
of
Elec
tric
al
Engi
n
ee
rin
g
an
d
Computer
S
cienc
e
,
vo
l.
6,
no.
2,
pp.
387
–
395,
May
.
2017
.
[22]
M
.
F
.
Omar
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Optimal
D
esign
of
Singl
e
-
phase
12S
-
6P
F
EFS
M
Us
ing
Se
gme
nt
al
Rotor
a
nd
Non
-
Overl
ap
Wi
ndings,
”
Indo
nesian
Journal
o
f
E
le
c
tric
al
Eng
i
nee
ring a
nd
Co
mputer
Scienc
e
,
vol.
14
,
no
.
2
,
pp
.
735
–
7
43
,
2019
.
[23]
H.
Ali
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Design
and
p
erf
orma
nc
e
an
al
ysi
s
of
var
ious
h
i
g
h
torque
segmented
ro
tor
HE
-
F
SM
topol
ogie
s
f
or
ai
rcr
aft a
ppl
ications
,
”
in
IET
Ele
ct
ric
Powe
r
App
li
cations
,
vo
l. 14
,
no
.
2
,
pp
.
297
–
304,
2020
.
[24]
F.
Capponi
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Flux
r
egulati
o
n
hstrategie
s
for
hybrid
ex
ci
t
at
io
n
synchronous
ma
ch
ine
s,”
IE
E
E
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Industrial
App
liations,
vo
l. 51, n
o.
5
,
pp
.
3838
–
3
847,
2015
.
[25]
Y.
Am
ara
e
t
a
l
.
,
“Hybri
d
excitati
on
synchronous
ma
ch
ine
s:
en
erg
y
-
eff
icient
solu
tion
for
veh
icles
p
ropulsion,
”
I
EEE
Tr
ansacti
ons on Vehicular
Techn
ology
,
vol
.
58
,
n
o.
5
,
pp
.
2137
–
2
149,
Jun.
2009.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
1
,
Ma
rch
202
1
:
51
–
58
58
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Hassan
A.
Soomro
was
born
in
Nawabshah,
Sin
dh,
Pakist
an,
on
May
01,
1985
.
He
recei
ved
his
B.
E
and
M.E
de
gre
es
in
Elec
tr
ical
Eng
ineeri
ng
f
rom
Quaid
-
e
-
Aw
am
Univer
si
ty
of
Engi
n
ee
ring
Scie
nc
e
and
T
e
chnol
ogy
Nawa
bshah,
Pak
ista
n
in
2008
and
Univer
sity
Tun
Hus
sein
Onn
Mala
ysia
(UTH
M)
in
2016
resp
ec
t
ive
ly
.
He
has
bee
n
wi
th
UTH
M
from
Apri
l
2
014
as
Gradu
at
e
As
sistant
rese
ar
che
r.
“
Curre
nt
l
y,
He
is
doin
g
PhD
in
De
par
tment
of
Elec
tr
ic
a
l
Pow
er
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
U
THM.
His
rese
a
rch
in
te
r
ests
include
d
esign
and
optimizati
ons
HE
-
FS
M
with
”
segme
nt
al
ro
tor s
truc
ture.
Erwan
Bin
Su
lai
man
“
was
bor
n
in
Johor,
Malays
ia
,
on
Augus
t
31,
1978.
He
r
e
ce
iv
ed
his
B
.
E
and
M.E
d
egr
ees
in
El
e
ct
ri
cal
E
ngine
er
ing
from
Univer
sity
of
Mala
ya
in
2001
and
Univer
sity
Tun
Hus
sein
Onn
Mala
ysi
a
(U
THM)
in
2004
respe
ctivel
y
.
He
recei
ved
Docto
r
at
e
Degre
e
in
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Engi
n
ee
ring
fro
m
Na
goya
Inst
it
ut
e
o
f
T
ec
hno
logy
(
NIT),
Japa
n
in
2012.
He
is
cur
ren
t
ly
As
soc
ia
t
e
Profess
or
a
t
Dep
art
m
ent
o
f
Elec
tri
c
al
Pow
er
Eng
ine
er
in
g,
UTHM
.
His
rese
arc
h
in
te
rest
s inc
lud
e
d
esign opti
mizations of
Flux Switc
hing
Ma
chi
nes.
Mahyuzie
J
enal
“
go
t
his
birt
h
i
n
Johor,
Ma
la
ys
ia
,
on
De
cembe
r
4,
1977.
He
go
t
his
B
.
E
and
M.E
d
egr
ee
s
in
Elec
t
rical
Eng
ine
er
ing
fro
m
Univer
siti
Te
kn
ologi
Ma
la
ysia
in
2000
and
Univer
siti
Tun
Hus
sein
Onn
Mala
ysia
(UTH
M)
in
2009
.
H
e
has
com
p
lete
d
his
PhD
fro
m
Univer
siti
Tun
Hus
sein
Onn
Mala
ysi
a
(UTHM
)
in
2020.
He
h
a
s
bee
n
with
UT
HM
from
June
2003
as
instru
ctor
and
se
lecte
d
as
a
lectur
er
in
”
2009.
His
rese
a
rch
in
te
r
est
is
elec
tr
ic
machine
design
espe
cially i
n
p
ermane
nt
ma
gne
t
flux
sw
itching ma
ch
ine.
Irfa
n
Ali
Soomro
is
a
rese
arc
h
e
r.
He
re
ce
iv
ed
b
ac
he
lor’s
degr
e
e
in
“
E
le
c
tri
c
al
E
ngine
er
ing
fro
m
Quaid
-
e
-
Aw
am
Univer
sity
of
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
Scie
nc
e
and
T
ec
hnology
,
Na
wabshah
”
Sind
h
,
Pakista
n.
Curr
e
ntl
y
he
is
a
fu
ll
-
time
r
ese
ar
ch
er
at
Univ
ersiti
Tun
Hus
sein
Onn
Mala
ysia
(UTHM
).
Curre
ntl
y,
he
is
purs
uing
h
is
rese
arch
in
e
lectr
i
ca
l
p
ower
eng
ineeri
n
g
a
t
the
sam
e
unive
rsity
conse
cut
iv
el
y.
His re
s
ea
rch
intere
st
in
cl
udes
d
esign
of
flux
sw
i
tc
h
ing
m
otor.
Lail
i
Iw
ani
bin
ti
Jus
oh
“
was
b
orn
in
Besut
,
T
ere
ngganu
,
Mal
aysia
,
on
Augus
t
2
,
1987
.
She
ac
hi
eve
d
h
er
B
.
E
degr
ee
in
E
le
c
tri
c
al
Engi
ne
eri
ng
form
Uni
ver
sity
of
Tun
Hus
sein
Onn
Mala
ysia
in
201
0.
Afte
r
th
at,
sh
e
obt
ai
ned
Mast
er
in
T
ec
hni
cal
Voca
ti
on
al
and
Educ
a
ti
on
f
rom
UTHM
in
2014.
Curre
ntl
y
,
she
is
pursuing
Ph.
D
at
UTHM
.
H
er
rese
arc
h
ta
rg
et
s
ar
e
mainly
rel
a
te
d
to
singl
e
and
three
ph
ase
per
ma
n
ent
m
ag
net
flux
sw
it
ch
i
ng
m
ac
hin
es
fo
r
l
ight
e
le
c
tric
”
vehi
c
le
s.
Mohd
Zarafi
B
in
Ah
mad
“
re
c
ei
ved
his
BE
de
gre
e
in
e
lectr
i
cal
engi
ne
eri
ng
fr
om
Univ
ersit
y
Te
chno
logy
Mar
a
in
2003
and
ME
degr
ee
in
el
e
c
tri
c
al
engi
ne
eri
n
g
from
Univ
ersity
Technol
ogy
Mala
ysia
in
200
6.
He
has
b
ee
n
a
l
ec
tu
rer
at
Uni
ver
sity
Tun
Hus
sein
Onn
Mal
ay
sia
sinc
e
2006
where
h
e
recei
v
e
d
his
Ph
.
D
in
2
017.
His
rese
arch
intere
st
s
inclu
de
el
e
ct
ri
c
mach
ine
design
”
and
drive
cont
rol
.
Mohd
Fi
rdaus
Mohd
Ab
“
Hal
im
gra
du
at
ed
fr
om
Univer
sit
i
T
ena
ga
Nasiona
l
in
Ba
che
lor
of
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Engi
n
ee
ring
.
H
e
f
ini
s
hed
Mast
er
D
eg
ree
of
EE
I
T
at
Univer
sity
of
A
ppli
ed
Sci
enc
e
Rosenhei
m
,
Ger
ma
ny.
Curre
n
tl
y
he
is
a
full
-
time
r
ese
ar
che
r
a
t
Unive
rsiti
T
ek
nika
l
Mal
aysia
Mela
ka
,
Fakulti
T
eknol
ogi
Ke
j
urute
ra
an.
His
rese
ac
h
ma
in
ly
foc
us
in
Ene
r
gy
Eff
ic
i
enc
y
,
Rene
wabl
e
En
e
rgy
and
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Vehicle
.
C
urre
ntl
y
he
is
full
t
im
e
studyi
ng
Doctor
Of
Philosophy In
E
l
ec
tr
ic
a
l Engi
ne
er
ing
in
Univer
sit
i Tun
Hus
sein
On
n
(UTHM
)
”
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