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b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
s
u
itab
ilit
y
f
o
r
u
s
e
in
A
P
F
s
y
s
te
m
s
as
a
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
in
elec
tr
ical
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
1
0
]
.
A
n
e
w
m
u
l
tile
v
el
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
t
h
e
m
u
lti
s
tr
in
g
C
r
o
s
s
-
Co
n
n
ec
ted
So
u
r
ce
M
u
ltil
e
v
el
I
n
v
er
ter
(
C
C
S
MI
)
h
a
s
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
is
also
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
C
ap
ac
ito
r
T
ied
Sw
itc
h
es
(
C
T
S)
[
1
2
]
w
h
ic
h
h
as
b
ee
n
d
er
i
v
ed
f
r
o
m
a
s
i
m
ilar
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
n
a
m
ed
as
P
ac
k
ed
U
-
C
ell
(
P
UC
)
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
s
h
o
w
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
p
ar
ts
co
u
n
t
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
C
HM
I
.
T
h
e
r
e
liab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
C
C
SMI
to
p
o
lo
g
y
h
a
s
b
ee
n
f
u
r
t
h
er
s
tu
d
ied
to
s
h
o
w
it
s
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
s
b
o
th
in
ter
m
s
o
f
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
es
a
n
d
o
v
er
all
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
co
s
t
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
ex
ten
s
i
v
e
a
n
d
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
s
t
u
d
y
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
[
1
5
]
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
th
e
C
C
SMI
ca
n
b
e
ex
ten
d
ed
to
h
i
g
h
er
lev
els a
n
d
ca
n
e
v
en
o
p
er
ate
u
n
d
er
asy
m
m
etr
ical
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
a
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
s
tu
d
y
u
s
i
n
g
M
A
T
L
A
B
/Si
m
u
li
n
k
o
n
a
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
A
P
F
s
y
s
te
m
b
ased
o
n
th
e
n
o
n
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
C
C
S
M
I
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
it
h
U
C
I
co
n
tr
o
l
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
is
a
n
al
y
ze
d
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
u
n
d
er
s
t
ea
d
y
-
s
tate
co
n
d
itio
n
w
it
h
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t so
u
r
ce
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
lo
ad
.
2.
CRO
SS
-
CO
NN
E
CT
E
D
SO
URCE M
UL
T
I
L
E
VE
L
I
N
V
E
RT
E
R
T
O
P
O
L
O
G
Y
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
c
e
in
ter
m
s
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
a
f
i
v
e
-
le
v
el
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
C
HM
I
an
d
t
h
e
n
o
n
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
C
C
SMI
.
B
asicall
y
,
t
h
e
C
C
S
MI
to
p
o
lo
g
y
r
eq
u
ir
es
o
n
l
y
s
i
x
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
e
s
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
f
iv
e
-
le
v
el
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
ei
g
h
t p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
es
u
s
ed
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
er
.
Fo
r
th
e
C
C
SMI
,
t
w
o
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
es
Sa2
an
d
Sb
2
o
p
er
ate
at
lin
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
w
h
er
ea
s
th
e
o
th
er
f
o
u
r
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
es
Sa1
,
Sa3
,
Sb
1
an
d
Sb
3
o
p
er
ate
at
a
h
ig
h
er
s
w
itc
h
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
A
s
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
s
tr
es
s
an
d
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
es
in
t
h
e
C
C
SMI
cir
cu
it
i
s
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
n
ea
r
l
y
h
al
f
o
f
t
h
at
o
f
th
e
C
HM
I
[
1
6
]
.
T
ab
le
1
d
e
p
icts
th
e
o
n
e
c
y
cl
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
s
tates o
f
a
C
C
SMI
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
f
iv
e
-
le
v
el
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fiv
e
-
lev
e
l M
L
I
to
p
o
lo
g
y
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
(
a)
C
o
n
v
en
t
i
o
n
al
C
HM
I
(
b
)
No
n
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
C
C
SMI
T
ab
le
1
.
Fiv
e
-
le
v
el
C
C
SMI
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
tate
s
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lt
ag
e
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
S
t
a
t
e
O
u
t
p
u
t
V
AB
S
a2
S
b2
S
a1
S
b1
S
a3
S
b3
0
1
1
0
1
0
+
2
V
d
c
0
1
0
1
1
0
+
1
V
d
c
0
1
1
0
0
1
+
1
V
d
c
0
1
0
1
0
1
0V
1
0
1
0
1
0
0V
1
0
1
0
0
1
-
1
V
d
c
1
0
0
1
1
0
-
1
V
d
c
1
0
0
1
0
1
-
2
V
d
c
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
C
r
o
s
s
C
o
n
n
ec
ted
S
o
u
r
ce
Mu
lt
ileve
l I
n
ve
r
ter fo
r
A
ctive
P
o
w
e
r
F
ilter
in
g
Usi
n
g
Un
ified
....
(
Ha
ir
o
l J
a
ffa
r
)
119
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
,
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
o
f
a
C
C
SMI
A
P
F
w
it
h
UC
I
co
n
tr
o
l
in
a
s
i
n
g
le
-
p
h
as
e
elec
tr
ical
n
et
w
o
r
k
h
as
b
ee
n
d
esi
g
n
ed
u
s
i
n
g
M
A
T
L
A
B
/Si
m
u
lin
k
.
T
h
e
A
P
F
h
as
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
n
ea
r
l
y
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
s
u
p
p
l
y
cu
r
r
en
t
with
th
e
lo
w
es
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
p
er
ce
n
t
T
o
tal
Har
m
o
n
ic
Di
s
to
r
tio
n
(
T
HD)
.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
co
n
s
id
er
s
t
w
o
m
aj
o
r
task
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
tas
k
is
to
a
n
al
y
ze
t
h
e
i
m
p
er
f
ec
t
n
es
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
cu
r
r
en
t
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
w
h
i
ch
is
d
r
a
w
n
b
y
t
y
p
ical
n
o
n
l
i
n
ea
r
lo
ad
s
in
a
s
i
n
g
le
-
p
h
ase
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
lo
ad
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
th
is
w
o
r
k
i
s
a
n
u
n
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
w
h
ic
h
i
s
co
u
p
led
to
a
r
esis
to
r
co
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
p
ar
allel
to
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
(
R
C
)
,
a
r
esis
to
r
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
s
er
ies
t
o
an
in
d
u
cto
r
(
R
L
)
an
d
an
i
n
d
u
cto
r
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
s
er
ies
to
a
p
ar
allel
co
n
n
ec
te
d
r
esis
to
r
an
d
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
(
R
L
C
)
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
task
i
n
v
o
l
v
es
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
n
o
n
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
f
i
v
e
-
le
v
el
C
C
SMI
A
P
F
to
g
eth
er
w
it
h
UC
I
co
n
tr
o
l
w
h
ic
h
h
as b
ee
n
m
o
d
i
f
i
ed
to
s
u
it th
e
f
o
r
m
er
.
3
.
1
.
Sin
g
le
-
ph
a
s
e
CC
SM
I
AP
F
s
y
s
t
e
m
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
C
SMI
A
P
F
p
o
w
er
s
ta
g
e
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
C
C
SMI
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
p
ar
allel
to
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
lo
ad
as
w
ell.
T
h
e
C
C
SMI
ac
t
s
as
a
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
w
h
ich
co
n
v
er
ts
th
e
D
C
v
o
lta
g
e
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
to
a
n
AC
v
o
lt
ag
e
to
t
h
e
li
n
e.
T
h
e
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
C
C
SMI
is
to
eli
m
i
n
ate
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
h
ar
m
o
n
i
c
an
d
r
ea
cti
v
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
g
en
er
ated
b
y
t
h
e
n
o
n
li
n
e
ar
lo
ad
s
o
th
at
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
cu
r
r
en
t
d
r
a
w
s
n
ea
r
l
y
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
.
V
dc
is
th
e
to
tal
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
C
f1
an
d
C
f2
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
ig
n
al
to
th
e
UC
I
co
n
tr
o
l
u
n
it
is
d
e
n
o
ted
as
i
s
.R
s
,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
s
en
s
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
c
u
r
r
en
t
a
t
th
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
co
m
m
o
n
co
u
p
li
n
g
in
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
(
R
s
is
t
h
e
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
r
esis
ta
n
ce
)
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
U
C
I
co
n
tr
o
l
u
n
it
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
s
i
x
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
p
u
ls
e
s
t
o
c
o
n
tr
o
l
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
C
C
SMI
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sin
g
le
-
p
h
ase
C
C
SM
I
A
P
F
m
o
d
el
3
.
2
.
UCI Co
ntr
o
l o
f
t
he
CCSM
I
AP
F
s
y
s
t
e
m
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
ch
e
m
at
ic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
U
C
I
co
n
tr
o
lle
r
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
a
s
e
C
C
SMI
A
P
F
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
UC
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
s
ed
i
s
b
ased
o
n
th
at
i
n
itiall
y
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
s
i
n
g
le
-
p
h
ase
in
v
er
ter
s
in
A
P
F
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
1
7
]
w
i
th
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
to
s
u
it
t
h
e
C
C
SMI
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
if
ied
UC
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
co
n
tain
s
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
in
te
g
r
ato
r
w
i
th
a
co
n
s
ta
n
t
clo
c
k
in
p
u
t
s
ig
n
al,
t
h
r
ee
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m
p
ar
ato
r
s
,
t
w
o
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
s
w
i
th
co
n
s
ta
n
t
clo
ck
i
n
p
u
t
s
ig
n
al
to
s
et
th
e
f
lip
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f
lo
p
s
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
a
s
et
o
f
lo
g
ic
cir
cu
it.
F
ig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
et
o
f
lo
g
ic
cir
c
u
it t
h
at
g
e
n
er
at
es th
e
f
iv
e
p
u
ls
e
s
s
i
g
n
a
l to
th
e
C
C
SMI
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
es.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al
V
dc
is
s
e
n
t
to
t
h
e
i
n
teg
r
ato
r
u
n
it
w
it
h
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al
p
as
s
i
n
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
n
e
g
ati
v
e
g
ain
b
ef
o
r
e
b
ein
g
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
in
te
g
r
ato
r
u
n
i
t.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
te
g
r
ato
r
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
r
e
f
er
en
c
e
s
ig
n
al
R
s
.i
s
w
h
ic
h
b
ec
o
m
e
s
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
s
ig
n
al
to
t
h
e
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
.
T
h
e
clo
c
k
g
i
v
es a
co
n
s
tan
t p
u
l
s
e
s
i
g
n
a
l to
t
h
e
f
l
ip
-
f
lo
p
.
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h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
f
lip
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f
l
o
p
th
en
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
ig
n
al
to
t
h
e
lo
g
ic
cir
c
u
it
u
n
it.
T
h
e
lo
g
ic
cir
cu
i
t
u
n
i
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
s
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
s
w
itc
h
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l
s
i
g
n
al
to
th
e
s
i
x
C
C
S
MI
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
es.
T
h
e
R
s
.i
s
s
ig
n
al
al
s
o
d
ir
ec
tl
y
g
o
es
i
n
to
t
h
e
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
u
n
it
to
co
n
tr
o
l
t
w
o
o
f
th
e
C
C
SMI
p
o
w
er
s
w
i
tch
es
t
h
at
o
p
er
ates
at
lin
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
as
h
i
g
h
lig
h
te
d
ea
r
lier
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
P
h
a
s
e
Dela
y
(
d
elay
o
f
1
8
0
0
)
an
d
A
b
s
is
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
p
at
ter
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
s
ca
n
g
e
n
er
ate
a
f
iv
e
-
lev
el
P
W
M
s
ig
n
al
as
s
h
o
u
ld
b
y
t
h
e
C
C
SMI
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tan
t
clo
ck
s
i
g
n
al
f
o
r
th
e
f
lip
-
f
lo
p
is
T
s
w
h
e
r
ea
s
T
i
is
th
e
clo
ck
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
t
h
e
in
te
g
r
ato
r
u
n
it.
Un
d
er
u
n
ip
o
lar
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
d
u
al
d
u
t
y
r
atio
w
it
h
t
h
e
C
C
S
MI
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
T
i
is
s
et
at
2
T
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
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IJ
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r
ch
201
7
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1
7
–
124
120
(
a)
(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
3
.
(
a)
Mo
d
if
ied
UC
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
th
e
C
C
SMI
A
P
F s
y
s
te
m
(
b
)
Set o
f
lo
g
ic
d
r
iv
e
cir
cu
it
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
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ed
s
in
g
le
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p
h
a
s
e
C
C
SMI
A
P
F
m
o
d
el
w
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h
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C
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co
n
tr
o
l
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h
ich
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n
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m
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lated
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s
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g
M
A
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L
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B
/Si
m
u
lin
k
.
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h
e
m
ai
n
s
v
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ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
is
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e
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to
2
2
0
Vr
m
s
a
t
a
li
n
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
5
0
Hz
w
h
er
ea
s
th
e
s
w
i
tch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
is
s
et
to
1
0
k
Hz
an
d
th
e
in
te
g
r
ato
r
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
is
5
k
Hz
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
r
atin
g
o
f
th
e
C
C
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is
5
k
W
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
s
f
o
r
L
f
a
n
d
R
f
ar
e
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5
m
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a
n
d
0
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1
Ω
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ec
tiv
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y
.
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h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
A
P
F
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
v
er
i
f
ied
b
y
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n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
r
ee
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
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o
n
li
n
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r
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ad
s
w
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ic
h
ar
e
k
n
o
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to
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r
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d
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ce
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r
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cu
r
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t
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m
o
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ics i
n
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h
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o
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s
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e
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r
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.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
A
Si
m
u
li
n
k
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c
u
it
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o
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el
o
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o
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m
Fig
u
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5
d
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icts
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e
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ier
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h
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n
Fig
u
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e
6
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g
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ter fo
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123
5.
CO
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SI
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ate
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n
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n
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al
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h
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s
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tes
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er
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ed
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e
s
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th
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y
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ate
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er
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lar
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e
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atin
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en
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u
r
t
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er
m
o
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th
e
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m
p
le
m
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r
e
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ir
e
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r
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RE
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NC
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S
[1
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A
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a
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Ak
a
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t
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,
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S
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”
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we
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M
.
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b
ro
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t
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p
o
we
r
fi
lt
e
rs
:
A
re
v
iew
,
”
IEE
P
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
-
El
e
c
tri
c
P
o
w
e
r
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
1
4
7
(5
)
,
p
p
.
4
0
3
-
13
,
2
0
0
0
.
[5
]
Z.
L
u
o
w
e
i
a
n
d
K.
M
.
S
m
e
d
le
y
,
“
Un
if
ied
c
o
n
sta
n
t
-
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
in
teg
r
a
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
a
c
ti
v
e
p
o
we
r
fi
lt
e
rs
,
”
in
A
p
p
li
e
d
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
a
n
d
Ex
p
o
si
ti
o
n
,
2
0
0
0
.
A
P
EC
2
0
0
0
.
F
if
tee
n
th
A
n
n
u
a
l
IEE
E
,
2
0
0
0
.
[6
]
W
.
Yo
n
g
a
n
d
S
.
S
o
n
g
h
u
a
,
“
Re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
o
n
e
-
c
y
c
le
c
o
n
tro
l
f
o
r
sw
it
c
h
in
g
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
”
in
In
telli
g
e
n
t
Co
n
tro
l
a
n
d
Au
to
m
a
ti
o
n
,
W
CICA
2
0
0
4
.
Fi
f
th
W
o
rld
Co
n
g
re
ss
on
,
2
0
0
4
.
[7
]
K.
M
.
S
m
e
d
le
y
a
n
d
L
.
Zh
o
u
,
“
T
h
e
Re
g
e
n
ts
o
f
T
h
e
Un
iv
e
r
sit
y
o
f
Ca
li
f
o
rn
ia,
a
ss
ig
n
e
e
,
u
n
if
ied
c
o
n
sta
n
t
-
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
in
teg
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
a
c
ti
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
il
ters
,”
Un
it
e
d
S
t
a
tes
p
a
ten
t
U
S
6
,
2
4
9
,
1
0
8
,
2
0
0
1
.
[8
]
K.
M.
S
m
e
d
le
y
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Un
if
ied
c
o
n
sta
n
t
-
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
in
teg
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
a
c
ti
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
il
ters
-
ste
a
d
y
-
sta
te
a
n
d
d
y
n
a
m
ics
,
”
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
IE
EE
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
1
6
(3
)
,
p
p
.
4
2
8
-
4
3
6
,
2
0
0
1
.
[9
]
A
.
N
a
b
a
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
Ne
w
Ne
u
tral
-
P
o
in
t
-
Clam
p
e
d
P
W
M
In
v
e
rter,
”
In
d
u
stry
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
IE
EE
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
IA
-
1
7
(5
)
,
p
p
.
5
1
8
-
5
2
3
,
1
9
8
1
.
[1
0
]
M
.
Ro
u
t
im
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
V
o
lt
a
g
e
-
S
o
u
rc
e
a
n
d
C
u
rre
n
t
-
S
o
u
rc
e
S
h
u
n
t
A
c
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
F
il
ters
,
”
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
,
v
o
l/
iss
u
e
:
2
2
(2
)
,
p
p
.
6
3
6
-
6
4
3
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
1
]
K.
K.
G
u
p
ta
a
n
d
S
.
Ja
in
,
“
A
No
v
e
l
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rter
Ba
s
e
d
o
n
S
w
it
c
h
e
d
DC
S
o
u
rc
e
s,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
6
1
(
7
)
,
p
p
.
3
2
6
9
-
3
2
7
8
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
2
]
H.
V
a
h
e
d
i,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
A
n
e
w
fi
v
e
-
l
e
v
e
l
b
u
c
k
-
b
o
o
st
a
c
ti
v
e
re
c
ti
fi
e
r,
”
in
In
d
u
strial
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(ICI
T
),
2
0
1
5
IEE
E
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
on
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
3
]
Y.
Ou
n
e
jj
a
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
a
c
k
e
d
U
Ce
ll
s
M
u
lt
i
lev
e
l
Co
n
v
e
rter
T
o
p
o
lo
g
y
:
T
h
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
S
tu
d
y
a
n
d
Ex
p
e
rim
e
n
ta
l
V
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l/
iss
u
e
:
5
8
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
1
2
9
4
-
1
3
0
6
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
4
]
K.
K.
G
u
p
ta
a
n
d
S
.
Ja
in
,
“
T
h
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
a
n
a
ly
si
s
a
n
d
e
x
p
e
rim
e
n
tal
v
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
n
o
v
e
l
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rter
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
f
o
r
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
r
g
y
in
ter
f
a
c
in
g
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Re
n
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l/
i
ss
u
e
:
4
(1
)
,
p
p
.
013
-
1
1
3
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
5
]
K.
K
.
G
u
p
ta
a
n
d
S
.
Ja
in
,
“
Co
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
re
v
ie
w
o
f
a
re
c
e
n
tl
y
p
ro
p
o
se
d
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rter,
”
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
IET
,
v
o
l/
iss
u
e
:
7
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
4
6
7
-
4
7
9
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
6
]
L
.
Y
.
Hu
n
g
a
n
d
L
.
C
.
M
in
g
,
“
Ne
w
l
y
-
Co
n
stru
c
ted
S
im
p
li
f
ied
S
in
g
l
e
-
P
h
a
se
M
u
lt
istri
n
g
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rter
T
o
p
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
Distrib
u
ted
E
n
e
rg
y
Re
so
u
rc
e
s,
”
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
2
6
(9
)
,
p
p
.
2
3
8
6
-
2
3
9
2
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
7
]
P.
Y.
L
i
m
a
n
d
N.
A
.
Az
li
,
“
A
mo
d
u
l
a
r
stru
c
tu
re
d
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rte
r
a
c
ti
v
e
p
o
we
r
fi
lt
e
r
wit
h
u
n
if
ied
c
o
n
sta
n
t
-
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
in
te
g
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
n
o
n
li
n
e
a
r
AC
l
o
a
d
s
,”
i
n
2
0
0
7
7
t
h
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Driv
e
S
y
ste
m
s,
p
p
.
2
4
4
-
2
4
8
,
2
0
0
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
201
7
:
1
1
7
–
124
124
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Ha
iro
l
Ja
ff
a
r
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
h
is
Ba
c
h
e
l
o
r’s
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
A
R
A
(Ui
T
M
),
M
a
lay
si
a
in
1
9
9
8
a
n
d
M
.
En
g
.
De
g
re
e
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
S
o
u
th
A
u
stra
li
a
(Un
iS
A
)
A
d
e
laid
e
,
A
u
stra
li
a
,
in
2
0
1
1
.
He
is
w
o
rk
in
g
a
s
a
V
o
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
T
ra
in
in
g
Off
ice
r
u
n
d
e
r
M
in
istry
o
f
Hu
m
a
n
Re
so
u
rc
e
,
M
a
la
y
sia
a
n
d
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
f
u
ll
ti
m
e
stu
d
y
f
o
r
h
is
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
(UT
M
),
Jo
h
o
r,
M
a
lay
sia
.
His
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
is
a
n
A
c
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
F
il
terin
g
s
y
ste
m
with
u
n
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rter
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
u
sin
g
Un
if
i
e
d
Co
n
sta
n
t
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
In
teg
ra
ti
o
n
Co
n
tr
o
l.
Na
z
ih
a
A
h
m
a
d
A
z
li
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
B.
S
c
.
De
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
M
iam
i,
F
lo
rid
a
,
USA
a
n
d
M
.
E.
E.
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
(U
T
M
)
in
1
9
8
6
,
1
9
9
2
a
n
d
2
0
0
2
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
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.
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h
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n
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n
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s
so
c
iate
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
a
t
UT
M
w
it
h
w
h
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h
sh
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
ff
il
iate
d
sin
c
e
1
9
8
8
.
S
h
e
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
tea
c
h
e
s
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
t
ro
n
ics
a
t
b
o
th
u
n
d
e
rg
ra
d
u
a
te
a
n
d
p
o
st
-
g
ra
d
u
a
te
lev
e
ls
a
t
th
e
u
n
iv
e
rsity
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
,
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
le
/
a
lt
e
rn
a
te /
d
istri
b
u
te
d
e
n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
in
telli
g
e
n
t
sy
ste
m
s ap
p
li
e
d
to
p
o
w
e
r
e
l
e
c
tro
n
ics
c
o
n
v
e
rters
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.