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nics
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m
(
I
J
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)
Vo
l.
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,
No
.
4
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Dec
em
b
er
201
6
,
p
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1
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Co
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©
201
6
In
s
t
it
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f
A
d
v
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Mo
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A
s
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,
Dep
ar
te
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
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in
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Ku
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co
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1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
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O
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E
n
er
g
y
cr
i
s
is
a
n
d
en
v
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m
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tal
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s
u
es
ar
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o
n
a
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is
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in
to
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ay
’
s
w
o
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ld
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to
s
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lv
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th
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ab
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v
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p
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b
le
m
[
1
-
2
]
.
R
en
e
w
ab
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en
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g
y
is
b
ein
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s
ee
n
as
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t
al
s
o
p
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o
v
id
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n
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g
y
s
ec
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it
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d
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o
m
ic
b
en
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ts
.
I
n
to
d
a
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’
s
s
ce
n
ar
io
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a
m
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all
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v
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as
t
h
e
m
o
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t
p
r
o
m
i
s
in
g
[3
-
4
]
.
I
t
h
as
n
o
m
o
v
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n
g
p
ar
ts
,
r
eq
u
ir
es
n
o
s
u
p
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v
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io
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an
d
litt
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m
ai
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te
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an
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is
n
o
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-
p
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ti
n
g
a
n
d
h
as
a
life
s
p
an
o
f
2
0
-
3
0
y
ea
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s
w
i
th
lo
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n
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co
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t
s
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t
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a
s
a
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a
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s
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y
is
al
s
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en
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w
ab
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[
5
]
,
b
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t in
t
h
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w
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r
k
P
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s
y
s
te
m
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s
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s
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.
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p
in
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s
y
s
te
m
i
s
th
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m
o
s
t
f
a
v
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ed
s
o
lu
tio
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f
o
r
elec
tr
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v
e
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icles,
w
a
ter
s
u
p
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,
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m
m
i
n
g
p
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o
l
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s
y
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te
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s
etc.
[
6
]
.
I
t
h
as
g
ai
n
ed
w
id
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ac
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p
tab
ilit
y
an
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m
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am
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f
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o
latio
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[
7
].
T
h
e
b
est
u
s
e
o
f
s
o
lar
s
y
s
te
m
is
m
ad
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b
y
m
ax
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m
izi
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g
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
in
t
w
o
w
a
y
s
.
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h
e
f
ir
s
t
o
n
e
b
ein
g
to
tr
ac
k
t
h
e
s
u
n
m
ec
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a
n
icall
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t
h
at
is
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
th
e
o
r
ien
tatio
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o
f
th
e
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o
lar
p
an
el
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ch
t
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at
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ei
v
e
m
ax
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m
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m
s
o
lar
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ad
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.
T
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e
s
ec
o
n
d
w
a
y
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s
to
elec
tr
icall
y
tr
ac
k
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n
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t
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o
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w
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d
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x
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m
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p
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u
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an
g
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n
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at
m
o
s
p
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co
n
d
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s
.
T
h
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co
m
m
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v
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P
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y
s
te
m
s
g
e
n
er
all
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s
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in
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f
f
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MP
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tr
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l
o
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g
o
f
o
r
d
ir
ec
tl
y
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
te
m
s
[8
-
9
]
.
T
h
e
d
ir
ec
tl
y
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
p
er
ate
at
th
e
in
ter
s
ec
ti
o
n
o
f
lo
ad
cu
r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
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IJ
PEDS
Vo
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7
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No
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4
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Dec
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b
er
2
0
1
6
:
1
3
3
0
–
1
3
3
6
1331
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
–
v
o
lta
g
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c
u
r
v
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o
f
th
e
P
V
ar
r
ay
.
T
h
is
o
p
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p
o
in
t
m
a
y
b
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r
v
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h
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ca
n
b
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ax
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m
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m
p
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(
MPP
)
o
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ar
a
w
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s
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a
m
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n
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f
th
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av
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w
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w
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ll b
e
w
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h
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p
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in
t lies
f
ar
a
w
a
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f
r
o
m
th
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MP
P
[
10
-
12
]
.
T
h
e
in
ter
s
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tio
n
o
f
lo
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ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
a
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d
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p
o
in
t
in
an
elec
tr
ical
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
c
h
ar
ac
t
er
is
tic
c
u
r
v
e
f
o
r
a
s
o
lar
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ich
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
r
esis
tiv
e
lo
ad
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
o
p
er
ates
at
Q1
i
f
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
r
esi
s
tan
ce
is
lo
w
s
a
y
R
1
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t
m
o
v
e
s
to
Q2
if
th
e
r
esis
ta
n
c
e
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
to
R
2
an
d
th
en
to
Q3
as
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
is
f
u
r
t
h
er
in
cr
ea
s
ed
to
R
3
.
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
ca
n
b
e
e
x
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
lo
ad
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
R
2
.
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
ca
n
b
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
i
f
t
h
e
lo
ad
ca
n
ad
j
u
s
t
its
elf
to
tr
ac
k
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t.
T
h
e
I
-
V
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
ti
c
o
f
a
s
o
lar
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
k
ee
p
s
o
n
ch
a
n
g
in
g
w
it
h
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
s
o
lar
i
n
s
o
latio
n
.
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
ca
n
b
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
r
o
m
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
i
f
t
h
e
lo
ad
ad
j
u
s
t
its
el
f
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
to
tr
ac
k
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t.
A
MP
P
T
w
h
ic
h
is
a
h
ig
h
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
w
h
ich
co
n
v
er
ts
th
e
p
o
w
er
to
a
v
o
ltag
e
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
le
v
el
at
w
h
ic
h
MP
P
is
ac
h
iev
ed
[
1
3
].
MP
P
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
o
p
ti
m
ize
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
P
V
ar
r
ay
w
h
ic
h
d
ep
en
d
u
p
o
n
ce
ll
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e,
s
o
lar
in
s
o
latio
n
an
d
lo
ad
.
A
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
in
ts
tr
ac
k
in
g
(
MP
PT)
m
eth
o
d
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
.
Dy
n
a
m
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
s
tead
y
s
ta
te
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
s
en
s
ed
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
,
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
s
p
ee
d
,
r
eq
u
ir
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
,
an
d
co
s
t.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
a
P
I
b
ase
d
co
n
s
ta
n
t
v
o
lta
g
e
m
et
h
o
d
MP
PT
m
eth
o
d
i
n
w
h
ich
a
p
ilo
t
p
an
el
i
s
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
v
o
lta
g
e.
Si
m
u
li
n
k
m
o
d
el
o
f
d
ir
ec
tl
y
co
u
p
led
an
d
MPPT
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
P
MD
C
m
o
to
r
is
m
a
d
e
an
d
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
i
s
s
h
o
wn
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
u
n
d
e
r
v
ar
y
i
n
g
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
2.
M
AXIM
U
M
P
O
WE
R
P
O
I
NT
T
E
CH
NI
Q
U
E
A
MP
PT
w
h
ic
h
i
s
a
h
i
g
h
e
f
f
i
cien
c
y
D
C
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
v
er
ts
th
e
p
o
w
er
to
a
v
o
lta
g
e
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
lev
el
at
w
h
ic
h
MP
P
is
ac
h
iev
e
d
.
T
h
is
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
a
n
i
n
tell
ig
e
n
t
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
in
t
T
r
ac
k
in
g
i
s
an
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ic
h
m
ak
es
t
h
e
P
h
o
to
v
o
lta
ic
(
P
V)
m
o
d
u
les
to
o
p
er
ate
in
s
u
c
h
a
w
a
y
s
o
a
s
to
allo
w
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
les
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
all
th
e
p
o
w
er
t
h
e
y
ar
e
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
.
MPPT
d
o
es
n
o
t
in
v
o
lv
e
p
h
y
s
icall
y
m
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
p
an
el
to
m
ak
e
t
h
e
m
p
o
i
n
t
d
ir
ec
tl
y
at
th
e
s
u
n
.
T
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
av
ailab
le
is
d
eliv
er
ed
to
th
e
lo
ad
b
y
a
f
u
ll
y
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
y
s
te
m
th
a
t
v
ar
ies
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
o
p
e
r
atin
g
p
o
in
t
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
u
le
s
.
MP
PT
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
alo
n
g
w
it
h
a
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
,
b
u
t
th
e
t
w
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
en
tire
l
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
a
v
ailab
le
in
t
h
e
liter
at
u
r
e.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
ese
alg
o
r
it
h
m
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
b
ei
n
g
P
er
tu
r
b
a
n
d
Ob
s
er
v
e,
In
cr
e
m
e
n
ta
l
C
o
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
,
C
o
n
s
ta
n
t V
o
lta
g
e
m
eth
o
d
.
2
.
1
.
Co
ns
t
a
nt
Vo
lt
a
g
e
M
et
ho
d
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
g
i
v
es
f
aste
s
t
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
as
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
i
n
v
o
lv
e
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
.
I
t
is
th
e
s
i
m
p
le
s
t
m
et
h
o
d
a
m
o
n
g
all
an
d
h
as
n
o
o
s
cil
la
tio
n
ar
o
u
n
d
MP
P
.
I
t
w
o
r
k
s
o
n
t
h
e
b
asi
s
t
h
at
r
atio
o
f
s
o
la
r
p
an
el
v
o
lta
g
e
at
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
(
V
m
p
p
)
an
d
its
o
p
en
cir
cu
it
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vo
c)
i
s
a
co
n
s
ta
n
t
V
m
p
p
/Vo
c
=K
(
8
)
T
h
er
e
ar
e
b
asically
t
w
o
t
y
p
es
o
f
co
n
s
ta
n
t
v
o
lta
g
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
av
ailab
le
in
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e.
I
n
o
n
e
m
et
h
o
d
w
e
is
o
late
th
e
s
o
lar
p
a
n
el
to
c
alcu
late
V
OC
,
t
h
e
n
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
(
8
)
co
r
r
ec
t o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t
is
ca
lcu
la
ted
f
o
r
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
v
alu
e
o
f
K
w
h
o
s
e
v
alu
e
d
ep
en
d
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
m
ater
i
al
o
f
s
o
lar
ce
ll.
T
h
en
th
e
ar
r
a
y
v
o
lta
g
e
i
s
ad
j
u
s
ted
till
V
MPP
is
r
ea
c
h
ed
.
T
h
e
d
r
aw
b
ac
k
o
f
t
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
is
i
t
is
d
i
f
f
ic
u
lt
to
c
h
o
o
s
e
o
p
ti
m
al
v
al
u
e
o
f
K
w
h
ic
h
v
ar
ie
s
in
t
h
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
(
7
3
-
8
0
)
%.
I
t
s
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
i
s
r
elati
v
el
y
lo
w
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
d
is
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
o
f
a
b
o
v
e
m
et
h
o
d
is
to
ca
lcu
late
Vo
c,
th
e
p
an
e
l h
as to
b
e
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
h
ic
h
lead
s
t
o
m
o
m
en
tar
y
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
.
T
h
e
d
u
r
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
c
o
n
s
ec
u
tiv
e
s
a
m
p
l
in
g
ti
m
e
i
s
an
o
th
er
c
h
allen
g
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
l
tag
e
b
ased
MP
PT
.
Sa
m
p
le
an
d
h
o
ld
cir
c
u
its
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
s
to
r
e
Vr
ef
.
I
f
th
e
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
p
er
io
d
is
lar
g
e,
h
o
ld
ca
p
ac
ito
r
w
ill
d
r
o
p
[
1
4
]
an
d
Vr
ef
w
ill
ch
a
n
g
e
lead
in
g
to
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
if
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
p
er
io
d
is
lar
g
e
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
o
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
i
n
ter
v
al
s
,
ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
u
c
h
a
s
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
r
s
o
lar
in
s
o
lati
o
n
w
ill
s
h
if
t
MP
P
,
w
h
ic
h
w
ill a
g
ain
r
es
u
lt i
n
lo
s
s
o
f
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
o
th
er
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
co
n
s
tan
t
v
o
lta
g
e
m
e
th
o
d
is
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
ilo
t
p
an
el
to
ca
lc
u
late
o
p
en
cir
cu
i
t
v
o
ltag
e.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
eli
m
i
n
ate
ab
o
v
e
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
[
1
5
]
s
u
g
g
ested
u
s
e
o
f
p
ilo
t
p
an
el
o
f
s
i
m
ilar
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
.
Hen
ce
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
d
i
s
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
P
V
p
an
el
is
r
e
m
o
v
ed
.
T
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
m
ain
P
V
p
an
el
an
d
p
ilo
t
P
V
p
an
el
m
a
y
n
o
t
b
e
s
i
m
ilar
th
o
u
g
h
o
f
s
a
m
e
r
ati
n
g
m
a
y
lead
to
w
r
o
n
g
MP
P
.
A
n
ee
d
o
f
ex
tr
a
p
ilo
t
p
an
el
w
ill
al
s
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
co
s
t
an
d
s
p
ac
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
,
a
p
ilo
t
s
o
lar
p
an
el
o
f
s
a
m
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
as
th
at
o
f
m
ain
s
o
lar
p
an
el
is
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
V
OC
,
w
h
ic
h
eli
m
in
ate
t
h
e
lo
s
s
o
f
P
V
p
o
w
er
d
u
r
in
g
V
OC
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
as
i
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
co
n
s
tan
t
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
t
h
is
m
eth
o
d
is
th
at
it
is
co
s
tlier
as
an
ex
tr
a
p
ilo
t p
an
el
is
b
ei
n
g
u
s
ed
.
Mu
lti L
e
v
el
I
n
v
er
ter
is
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
s
o
lar
P
V
to
th
e
g
r
id
[
1
6
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
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A
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mp
r
o
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ai
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as
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ia
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d
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ated
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e
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ate
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s
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h
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h
e
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l
s
e
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th
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lated
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u
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t
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e
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3.
SI
M
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Si
m
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r
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le
1
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r
d
ir
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t
ly
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u
p
led
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d
f
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P
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n
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ted
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o
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r
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e
ar
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ic
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array
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t
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a
x
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m
p
o
w
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
7
,
No
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4
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er
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le
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t
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W
M
-
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t
h
o
u
t
M
P
P
T
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-
M
P
P
T
T
h
e
s
i
m
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lat
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n
w
a
s
ca
r
r
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o
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t
f
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p
er
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r
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r
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g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
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to
3
0
0
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a
n
d
f
o
r
s
o
lar
in
s
o
latio
n
1
0
0
m
W
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m
2
to
3
0
m
W
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m
2
.
F
ig
u
r
e
3
a
n
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
ar
r
a
y
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
with
s
o
lar
i
n
s
o
latio
n
an
d
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
w
it
h
o
u
t
MP
PT
an
d
w
ith
MP
PT
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
A
t
s
o
lar
i
n
s
o
latio
n
o
f
1
0
0
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/c
m
2
t
h
e
ar
r
a
y
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o
w
er
is
1
5
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1
w
atts
,
w
h
er
ea
s
at
3
0
m
W
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m
2
t
h
e
ar
r
a
y
p
o
w
e
r
is
3
9
2
w
a
tts
o
n
l
y
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ici
en
c
y
is
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
95%
-
8
2
%
f
o
r
s
o
lar
in
s
o
latio
n
1
0
0
W
/
m
2
to
4
5
W
/
m
2
a
n
d
in
t
h
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
7
5
%
-
4
3
%
f
o
r
s
o
lar
i
n
s
o
latio
n
4
0
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/m
2
to
3
0
W
/m
2
f
o
r
a
d
ir
ec
tl
y
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
i
s
s
ee
n
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
af
ter
MP
PT
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
a
n
d
is
in
t
h
e
r
a
n
g
e
9
9
%
-
8
2
%
f
o
r
s
o
lar
in
s
o
l
atio
n
1
0
0
W
/m
2
to
4
5
W
/m
2
an
d
in
t
h
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
8
0
%
-
5
4
% f
o
r
s
o
lar
in
s
o
lati
o
n
4
0
W
/m
2
to
3
0
W
/m
2
f
o
r
a
MP
PT
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lt
o
f
d
ir
ec
tl
y
co
u
p
led
P
M
DC
m
o
t
o
r
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
5
a
n
d
F
ig
u
r
e
7
.
I
t
s
h
o
w
s
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
lo
ad
p
o
w
er
w
it
h
s
o
lar
in
s
o
latio
n
(
MP
PT
)
at
T
=
3
0
0
C
an
d
T
=
2
2
0
C
.
Fo
r
T
=
3
0
0
C
an
d
s
o
lar
in
s
o
latio
n
o
f
1
0
0
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e
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u
r
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n
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ce
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t
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e
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h
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v
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g
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r
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h
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e
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h
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u
r
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t so
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te
m
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r
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Fig
u
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4
.
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r
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e
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f
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h
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o
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t
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n
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d
te
m
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at
u
r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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u
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Var
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u
r
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.
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r
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Fig
u
r
e
8
.
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ter
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n
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m
o
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o
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as
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ee
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a
l
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n
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ta
n
t
v
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g
e
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o
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ith
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as
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o
n
e.
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h
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ec
t
o
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te
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n
s
y
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te
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m
in
ed
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d
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s
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er
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at
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tr
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k
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y
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te
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u
s
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t
v
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o
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it
h
m
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w
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n
ce
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is
ca
lcu
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e
h
elp
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h
e
s
i
m
u
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es
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lt
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w
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t
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at
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ac
k
ed
u
n
d
er
ch
an
g
i
n
g
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s
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latio
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co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
w
er
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ta
k
en
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
alu
e
s
o
f
te
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p
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r
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an
d
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lar
in
s
o
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n
an
d
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g
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ap
h
h
as
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lo
tted
to
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h
o
w
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h
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eh
av
io
r
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
at
v
ar
y
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g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
/r
e
s
u
l
t
s
p
r
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ted
in
th
e
p
ap
er
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il
l
h
elp
in
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
e
u
tili
z
atio
n
o
f
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
esp
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iall
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n
r
e
m
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te/is
o
lated
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ea
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h
er
e
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m
o
to
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ca
n
b
e
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s
ed
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o
r
w
ater
p
u
m
p
in
g
f
o
r
ir
r
ig
atin
g
t
h
e
ag
r
icu
lt
u
r
al
f
ield
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
L
a
ta
T
rip
a
th
i,
A
.
K.
M
ish
ra
,
A
n
il
Ku
m
a
r
Du
b
e
y
,
C.
B.
T
rip
a
th
i,
P
ra
sh
a
n
t
Ba
re
d
a
r.
Ren
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
:
An
o
v
e
rv
iew
o
n
it
s
c
o
n
trib
u
ti
o
n
in
c
u
rr
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t
e
n
e
rg
y
sc
e
n
a
rio
o
f
In
d
ia
,
Ren
e
wa
b
le a
n
d
S
u
sta
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n
a
b
le
E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
.
2
0
1
6
;
6
0
:
2
2
6
-
2
3
3
.
[2
]
M
o
h
d
T
a
riq
,
Kh
y
z
e
r
S
h
a
m
si,
T
a
b
re
z
A
k
h
tar.
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
,
a
n
a
lys
is
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
o
f
“
h
y
b
ri
d
”
ma
n
u
a
l
a
n
d
so
la
r
PV
b
a
se
d
p
o
we
r g
e
n
e
ra
t
io
n
sy
ste
m
.
Am
e
ri
c
a
n
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
m
s 2
,
2
0
1
3
;
2
:
4
4
-
4
9
.
[3
]
A
s
k
a
rz
a
d
e
h
,
A
li
re
z
a
.
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
so
lar
a
n
d
w
in
d
e
n
e
rg
y
s
y
st
e
m
s:
A
su
rv
e
y
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Amb
ie
n
t
En
e
rg
y
ju
st
-
a
c
c
e
p
ted
2
0
1
6
;
1
-
36.
[4
]
M
o
h
d
T
a
riq
,
S
a
g
a
r
Bh
a
rd
w
a
j,
M
o
h
d
Ra
sh
id
.
Ef
f
e
c
ti
v
e
b
a
tt
e
ry
c
h
a
rg
in
g
s
y
ste
m
b
y
so
lar
e
n
e
rg
y
u
sin
g
c
p
ro
g
ra
m
m
in
g
a
n
d
m
i
c
ro
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r.
Ame
ric
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
Po
we
r a
n
d
E
n
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
2
,
2
0
1
3
;
2
:
4
1
-
4
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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694
IJ
PEDS
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l.
7
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em
b
er
2
0
1
6
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3
3
0
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1
3
3
6
1335
[5
]
A
.
T
a
riq
,
M
.
A
.
Hu
sa
in
,
M
.
A
h
m
a
d
.
M
.
T
a
riq
,
“
S
imu
la
ti
o
n
a
n
d
stu
d
y
o
f
a
g
rid
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
Co
n
v
e
rte
r
(
M
L
C)
wit
h
v
a
ry
in
g
DC
in
p
u
t
”
.
In
IE
EE
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
e
rg
y
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
EE
EIC
2
0
1
1
.
[6
]
Bh
a
v
n
e
sh
Ku
m
a
r,
Yo
g
e
sh
K.
Ch
a
u
h
a
n
,
V
iv
e
k
S
h
riv
a
st
a
v
a
.
A
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
stu
d
y
o
f
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
i
n
t
trac
k
in
g
m
e
th
o
d
s
f
o
r
a
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
-
b
a
se
d
w
a
ter
p
u
m
p
in
g
s
y
ste
m
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
le
E
n
e
rg
y
3
3
,
2
0
1
4
;
4
:
797
-
8
1
0
.
[7
]
M
o
h
d
T
a
riq
,
S
.
Yu
v
a
ra
jan
.
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
A
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
S
e
lf
Ex
c
it
e
d
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
G
e
n
e
ra
to
r
w
it
h
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
l
o
a
d
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
su
p
p
ly
in
g
sta
ti
c
lo
a
d
s.
Ca
n
a
d
i
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
E
lec
tro
n
ics
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
4
(
1
):
9
-
1
3
.
[8
]
R.
A
n
u
su
y
a
d
e
v
i,
P
.
S
u
re
sh
P
a
n
d
i
a
ra
jan
,
J.
M
u
ru
g
a
Bh
a
ra
th
i.
S
li
d
i
n
g
M
o
d
e
Co
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
b
a
se
d
M
a
x
im
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
in
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
o
f
DC
to
DC
Bo
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rter
.
In
t.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
(
IJ
PE
D
S
),
2
0
1
3
;
3
(
3
):
321
-
3
2
7
[9
]
G
u
d
ime
tl
a
Ra
m
e
sh
,
Ka
ri
V
a
sa
v
i,
S
.
L
a
k
sh
m
i
S
iri
sh
a
.
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
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ic
Ce
ll
F
e
d
3
-
P
h
a
se
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
to
r
Us
in
g
M
P
P
T
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
.
I
n
t.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m (
IJ
PE
DS
).
2
0
1
4
;
5
(
2
):
2
0
3
-
2
1
0
[1
0
]
Hu
a
q
ian
W
a
n
g
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