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I
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P
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&
Dr
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S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1851
–
1
8
6
5
1852
On
t
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n
d
,
f
o
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th
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co
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ti
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[
11]
-
[
1
3
].
2.
P
V
SYST
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M
A
p
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to
v
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ltaic
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is
m
ad
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ce
ll
s
ex
is
t,
th
e
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
i
n
th
is
p
ap
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s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
B
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
it
s
s
i
m
p
lic
it
y
,
th
is
e
m
p
ir
ical
m
o
d
el
is
c
u
r
r
en
t
l
y
th
e
m
o
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e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
.
I
t
is
m
ad
e
o
f
a
co
n
s
tan
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
o
u
r
ce
m
o
d
ell
in
g
th
e
m
a
g
n
etic
f
l
u
x
w
h
er
e
is
p
h
o
to
cu
r
r
en
t
cr
ea
te
b
y
r
ad
iatio
n
f
r
o
m
s
u
n
a
n
d
o
f
d
io
d
e,
w
h
ic
h
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ep
r
esen
ts
a
−
j
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
ce
ll,
t
h
e
lo
s
s
e
s
ar
e
m
o
d
elled
b
y
t
w
o
r
esis
to
r
s
:
a
s
h
u
n
t
r
esis
ta
n
ce
a
n
d
a
s
er
ies r
esis
tan
ce
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
].
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
E
q
u
iv
ale
n
t c
ir
cu
it o
f
th
e
P
V
ce
ll
3.
M
P
P
T
CO
NT
RO
L
T
h
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
p
o
w
er
o
f
g
e
n
e
r
ato
r
s
is
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
v
o
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e
c
u
r
r
en
t
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
e
d
eter
m
in
at
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
ef
er
e
n
c
e
p
o
w
er
is
m
o
r
e
d
elica
te
b
ec
a
u
s
e
i
t
is
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
m
e
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r
o
lo
g
ical
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
(
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
)
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
at
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
i
s
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
ac
h
iev
e
b
ec
a
u
s
e
t
h
i
s
r
ef
er
en
ce
is
v
ar
iab
le
an
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
a
n
o
n
l
in
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r
f
u
n
ct
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n
.
Sev
er
al
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
ae
r
atin
g
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
].
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
P
V
ar
r
a
y
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
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c
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r
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e
w
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t
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e
m
ax
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m
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t ir
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ad
iatio
n
(
4
0
0
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8
0
0
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0
0
W
/m
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).
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
C
o
n
tr
o
l Meth
o
d
s
o
n
Th
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
P
o
w
er C
o
n
ve
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ter
s
in
P
h
o
to
vo
lta
ic
S
ystems
(
Oth
ma
n
e
S
a
la
ma
)
1853
3
.
1
.
DC/DC
Co
nv
er
t
er
(
B
o
o
s
t
Co
nv
er
t
er
)
T
h
is
DC
/D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
also
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lled
b
o
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s
t
co
n
v
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ter
is
a
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tatic
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tr
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d
ev
ice
th
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n
cr
ea
s
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n
g
t
h
e
i
n
itial
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n
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n
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o
u
s
v
o
ltag
e,
it
m
a
k
e
s
to
i
m
p
o
s
e
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
d
ete
r
m
in
ed
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MP
PT
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o
r
ith
m
.
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h
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
th
e
b
o
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s
t
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n
v
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ter
co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
t
w
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atin
g
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
eq
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e
n
ce
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
3
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
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y
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clo
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ed
s
w
itc
h
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S=1
)
an
d
th
e
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io
d
e
is
o
p
en
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Fig
u
r
e
3
.
B
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t seq
u
en
ce
I
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e,
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
d
es
cr
ib
in
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e:
00
2
pv
L
V
di
d
t
L
d
V
V
d
t
R
C
(
1
)
An
o
p
en
s
w
itc
h
ch
ar
ac
ter
izes
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
an
d
th
e
d
io
d
e
is
clo
s
ed
.
T
h
is
s
eq
u
en
c
e
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
B
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
eq
u
e
n
c
I
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e,
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
d
es
cr
ib
in
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e:
0
00
22
pv
L
L
VV
di
d
t
L
d
V
V
i
d
t
R
C
C
(
2
)
Fro
m
t
w
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
f
eq
u
atio
n
s
(
6
,
7
)
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
m
at
h
e
m
atic
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
is
g
i
v
en
b
y
[
1
8
]
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1851
–
1
8
6
5
18
54
u
0
PV
PV
dP
dV
0
0
00
2
2
2
pv
L
LL
VV
V
di
u
d
t
L
L
d
V
V
ii
u
d
t
R
C
C
C
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
is
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e
s
tate
o
f
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
.
E
q
u
atio
n
s
3
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
:
,,
(
)
(
)
u
x
t
x
t
f
g
A
x
(
4
)
W
h
er
e:
1
2
0
T
T
r
r
L
x
x
x
i
V
(
5
)
22
1
2
1
2
2
2
(
)
;
(
)
;
0
0
pv
x
x
A
xx
V
LL
fg
L
x
x
x
C
R
C
C
(
6
)
3
.
2
.
Sli
din
g
M
o
de
Co
ntr
o
l
T
h
e
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
co
n
tr
o
l is a
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
co
n
tr
o
l,
it is
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
th
e
d
is
co
n
ti
n
u
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
in
p
ass
a
g
e
b
y
s
w
i
tch
in
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ca
lled
: sli
d
in
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
].
C
h
o
ice
o
f
s
lid
in
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e:
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t P
P
M
is
g
iv
en
b
y
I
n
th
i
s
co
n
d
itio
n
,
it i
s
g
u
ar
an
te
ed
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
tate
w
ill
h
i
t th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t p
er
s
is
ten
tl
y
.
()
P
V
P
V
P
V
P
V
P
V
P
V
x
d
P
d
I
S
I
V
d
V
d
V
(
7
)
C
alcu
latio
n
o
f
t
h
e
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t c
o
n
tr
o
l,
it is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
lo
w
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
:
1
2
12
()
x
SS
x
Sx
xx
(
8
)
Kn
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
S
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
L
i
th
en
w
e
ca
n
w
r
ite:
1
0
S
x
;
2
0
S
x
(
9
)
1
1
()
0
x
S
Sx
x
(
1
0
)
T
h
en
,
th
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
eq
u
iv
alen
t c
o
n
tr
o
l c
an
b
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
n
d
itio
n
x
1
=0
eq
0
1
PV
V
u
V
(
1
1
)
Fin
all
y
,
t
h
e
r
ea
l c
o
n
tr
o
l sig
n
al
is
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
C
o
n
tr
o
l Meth
o
d
s
o
n
Th
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
P
o
w
er C
o
n
ve
r
ter
s
in
P
h
o
to
vo
lta
ic
S
ystems
(
Oth
ma
n
e
S
a
la
ma
)
1855
S
,
11
f
o
r
0
1
00
eq
e
q
e
q
eq
u
k
S
u
u
k
S
u
k
S
u
k
S
(
1
2
)
W
h
er
e
k
is
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
ca
l
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co
n
s
tan
t,
t
h
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eq
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n
t c
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tr
o
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co
m
p
r
is
ed
w
it
h
eq
u
an
d
kS
,
w
h
er
e
eq
u
is
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
ef
f
o
r
t
f
o
r
an
d
kS
ca
n
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co
n
s
id
er
ed
as th
e
ef
f
o
r
t to
tr
ac
k
th
e
MP
P
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
s
lid
in
g
an
d
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
v
er
s
u
s
o
p
er
atio
n
r
eg
io
n
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Du
t
y
c
y
cle
v
er
s
u
s
o
p
er
atio
n
r
eg
io
n
A
L
y
ap
u
n
o
v
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
d
ef
i
n
e
d
as:
2
1
2
VS
(
1
3
)
Kn
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
at:
e
x
p
p
v
s
o
c
p
v
p
s
c
p
s
c
st
V
N
V
I
N
I
N
I
nv
(
1
4
)
An
d
e
x
p
p
v
p
s
c
p
v
s
o
c
p
v
s
t
s
t
d
I
N
I
V
N
V
d
V
n
v
n
v
(
1
5
)
Su
b
s
ti
tu
t
in
g
(
1
4
)
an
d
(
1
5
)
in
to
(
7
)
,
th
e
s
lid
in
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itte
n
:
(
)
I
e
x
p
p
s
c
p
v
s
o
c
p
s
c
p
s
c
p
v
s
t
s
t
x
N
I
V
N
V
S
N
N
I
V
n
v
n
v
(
1
6
)
T
h
e
ti
m
e
d
er
iv
ati
v
e
o
f
S c
an
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1851
–
1
8
6
5
1856
0
pv
dV
dt
()
2
e
x
p
p
v
p
s
c
p
v
s
o
c
p
v
s
t
s
t
s
t
x
V
N
I
V
N
V
d
V
S
n
v
n
v
n
v
d
t
(
1
7
)
1.
C
ase
S
(
x
)
> 0
:
I
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e,
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
to
r
ea
ch
th
e
P
PM,
it
m
ea
n
s
th
a
t
0
pv
dV
dt
,
b
y
r
ep
laci
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
(
1
7
)
,
w
e
g
et
S
> 0
,
w
h
ich
m
ea
n
s
S
(
x
)
S
(
x
)
< 0
.
I
t is co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
th
e
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
2.
C
ase
S
(
x
)
> 0
:
I
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e,
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
m
u
s
t
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e
d
ec
r
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s
ed
to
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ea
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P
PM,
it
m
ea
n
s
th
a
t
b
y
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ep
lacin
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,
w
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,
w
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clu
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at
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h
e
s
lid
in
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o
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r
o
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id
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.
3
.
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uzzy
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o
g
ic
Co
ntr
o
ller
T
h
e
f
u
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y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
eo
u
s
l
y
a
r
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u
s
t
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n
tr
o
l,
w
h
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d
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es
n
o
t
r
eq
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ir
e
th
e
ex
ac
t
k
n
o
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led
g
e
o
f
th
e
m
at
h
e
m
ati
ca
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
is
co
m
m
an
d
is
b
etter
ad
ap
ted
to
th
e
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
f
u
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y
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n
tr
o
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er
; it
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
t
w
o
i
n
p
u
t (
E
,
C
E
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an
d
o
n
e
o
u
tp
u
t (
D
u
t
y
c
y
cle)
,
th
e
r
e
latio
n
b
et
w
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n
t
h
e
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n
p
u
t a
n
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u
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t is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
f
o
llo
w
in
g
eq
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atio
n
s
.
(
)
(
1
)
()
(
)
(
1
)
nn
n
nn
PP
E
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(
1
8
)
(
)
(
)
(
1
)
n
n
n
C
E
E
E
(
1
9
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Fu
zz
y
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n
tr
o
ller
d
iag
r
a
m
FIS
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
Fu
zz
y
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n
f
er
en
c
e
S
y
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te
m
(
FIS)
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d
ito
r
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Me
m
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er
s
h
ip
F
u
n
ctio
n
E
d
ito
r
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R
u
le
E
d
ito
r
,
an
d
R
u
le
V
ie
w
er
,
Su
r
f
ac
e
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w
er
an
d
d
ef
u
zz
i
f
icat
io
n
.
T
h
e
d
ec
is
io
n
r
u
le
tab
le
r
elatin
g
to
th
e
i
n
p
u
t to
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
u
zz
y
s
et
s
as s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
1.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Me
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
o
r
in
p
u
ts
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
f
u
zz
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
C
o
n
tr
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l Meth
o
d
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Th
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p
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a
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n
ve
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ter
s
in
P
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to
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ic
S
ystems
(
Oth
ma
n
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la
ma
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1857
r
f
r
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21
N
c
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a
m
c
f
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1
.
Fu
zz
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le
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ase
ta
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4.
DC/AC
S
T
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C
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h
e
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o
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th
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e
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h
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AC
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ter
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o
m
ee
t
t
h
e
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o
v
e
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ir
em
e
n
t,
t
h
e
Neu
tr
al
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o
in
t
C
la
m
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th
r
ee
lev
el
i
n
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ter
is
u
s
ed
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t
h
is
w
o
r
k
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F
ig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
n
eu
tr
al
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o
in
t c
la
m
p
ed
(
NP
C
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th
r
ee
-
le
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
NP
C
th
r
ee
lev
el
i
n
v
e
r
ter
T
o
g
en
er
ate
th
e
co
m
m
a
n
d
i
m
p
u
ls
e
s
,
t
w
o
co
m
m
a
n
d
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
an
d
ev
alu
a
ted
:
1.
P
DW
M
(
P
h
ase
Dis
p
o
s
itio
n
P
W
M)
:
T
o
g
en
er
ate
th
e
co
m
m
a
n
d
im
p
u
l
s
es
o
f
co
n
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er
ter
an
N
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el
s
,
N
-
1
tr
ian
g
u
lar
ca
r
r
ier
s
ar
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n
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es
s
ar
y
.
T
h
ese
ca
r
r
ier
s
h
av
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
an
d
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
a
m
p
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e
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
ca
n
b
e
s
h
i
f
ted
h
o
r
izo
n
tall
y
,
th
e
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h
ase
d
i
f
f
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n
t
w
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co
n
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ti
v
e
s
ig
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al
s
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g
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en
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y
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t
h
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
h
a
v
e
t
h
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s
a
m
e
s
h
i
f
ted
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tica
l.
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h
ey
ar
e
th
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
a
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
i
g
n
a
l o
f
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
Am
p
li
tu
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
i
n
d
ex
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
:
2
(
1
)
r
a
c
A
m
NA
(
2
0
)
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
i
n
d
ex
f
m
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
:
c
f
m
f
m
f
(
2
1
)
I
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e
all
ca
r
r
ier
s
ar
e
id
en
tical
i
n
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
A
C
,
in
p
h
a
s
e
an
d
in
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
F
C
.
2.
SVP
W
M
(
Sp
ac
e
Vec
to
r
P
W
M)
:
T
h
is
is
an
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
P
W
M
m
eth
o
d
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics,
i
t
h
as
b
ee
n
f
i
n
d
in
g
w
id
esp
r
ea
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
i
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
SVP
W
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
f
i
v
e
s
tep
s
:
a.
Dete
r
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
ec
to
r
.
b.
C
alcu
latio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
ec
to
r
.
c.
C
alcu
latio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
eg
io
n
.
d.
C
alcu
latio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
ti
m
e.
e.
C
alcu
latio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1851
–
1
8
6
5
1858
W
ith
α
β
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
e
s
ig
n
a
l
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
a
t
w
o
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
al
p
la
n
e,
th
e
t
h
r
ee
-
v
o
lta
g
e
v
ec
to
r
s
ar
e
r
ep
lace
d
w
i
th
V
an
d
V
:
=
11
1
-
-
22
2
3
33
0
-
22
an
bn
cn
V
V
V
V
V
(
2
2
)
W
h
er
e:
(
t
)
(
t
2
)
3
(
t
4
)
3
s
i
n
s
i
n
s
i
n
a
n
m
b
n
m
c
n
m
VV
VV
VV
(
2
3
)
T
h
e
am
p
lit
u
d
e
an
d
an
g
le
o
f
t
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
ec
to
r
ar
e
g
i
v
en
b
y
:
2
2
1
(
)
(
)
;
t
a
n
r
e
f
V
V
V
V
V
(
2
4
)
T
h
e
v
ec
to
r
d
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r
a
m
o
f
a
th
r
ee
-
lev
el
i
n
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er
ter
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
,
it c
an
b
e
s
u
b
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
s
ix
s
ec
to
r
s
(
I
to
VI
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.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Vec
to
r
d
iag
r
am
f
o
r
th
r
ee
lev
el
i
n
v
er
te
r
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
eq
u
atio
n
(
2
4
)
,
th
e
s
ec
to
r
s
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
C
o
n
tr
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o
d
s
o
n
Th
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
P
o
w
er C
o
n
ve
r
ter
s
in
P
h
o
to
vo
lta
ic
S
ystems
(
Oth
ma
n
e
S
a
la
ma
)
1859
1
i
f
0
<
<
3
2
2
i
f
<
<
33
2
3
i
f
<
<
3
S
e
c
t
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r
=
4
4
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f
<
<
3
45
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f
<
<
33
5
6
i
f
0
3
(
2
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Fro
m
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g
u
r
e
8
,
th
e
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eg
io
n
m
a
y
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e
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m
i
n
ed
,
ac
co
r
d
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g
to
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e
f
o
llo
w
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n
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co
n
d
itio
n
s
:
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
i
f
m
0
.
5
a
n
d
m
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d
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m
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5
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o
n
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f
m
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f
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0
.
5
(
26
)
W
h
er
e
1
3
2
s
i
n
3
n
mm
(
27
)
2
2
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n
3
n
mm
(
28
)
=
2
3
r
e
f
n
DC
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m
U
(
29
)
T
h
e
r
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er
en
ce
v
ec
to
r
in
s
ec
to
r
I
an
d
r
eg
io
n
2
is
s
h
o
w
n
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n
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g
u
r
e
1
0
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
R
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
th
e
s
ec
to
r
I
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1851
–
1
8
6
5
1860
1
7
2
=
T
r
e
f
s
a
b
c
V
V
t
V
t
V
t
(
30
)
W
h
er
e
:
0
1
3
2
6
7
3
3
3
j
DC
j
DC
j
DC
U
U
Ve
Ve
U
Ve
(
3
1
)
\
Su
b
s
ti
tu
t
in
g
(
2
9
)
an
d
(
3
1
)
in
to
(
3
0
)
,
w
e
ca
n
w
r
ite:
1
3
1
c
o
s
s
i
n
c
o
s
s
i
n
c
o
s
s
i
n
2
2
6
6
2
3
3
n
s
a
b
c
m
T
j
t
j
t
j
t
(
3
2
)
Kn
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
at:
S
a
b
c
T
t
t
t
(
3
3
)
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h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
t
i
m
e
i
n
t
h
e
s
ec
t
o
r
I
an
d
r
eg
io
n
2
ca
n
b
e
w
r
it
te
n
:
3
3
4
s
i
n
3
4
s
i
n
3
4
s
i
n
3
a
s
n
s
b
s
n
s
c
s
n
s
t
T
m
T
t
T
m
T
t
T
m
T
(
3
4
)
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
eq
u
e
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s
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n
th
e
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ec
to
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I
an
d
r
eg
io
n
2
is
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
:
15
26
=
4
4
2
4
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2
2
4
c
a
b
c
s
s
a
T
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SS
T
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(
3
5
)
5.
SI
M
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alu
ate
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ased
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/Si
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ter
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Fi
g
u
r
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1
1
,
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p
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M
P
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c
e.
Fig
u
r
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1
.
Sy
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m
to
p
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y
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