In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
4, D
e
c
e
m
ber
201
9,
pp.
2118~
21
25
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
4.pp2118-2125
2
1
18
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Study of autom
atic generation con
trol in tw
o
area power system
wi
t
h
D
FI
G-b
a
sed
wi
nd
en
ergy conversion
Sou
m
ia Ka
il,
A
bdel
k
ade
r
B
e
k
r
i
,
A
b
d
e
ldj
e
b
a
r Hazz
ab
D
e
part
ment
o
f
Electri
cal
E
ngineer
i
n
g,
CA
O
SE
E
l
a
borat
o
ry,
Tahr
i
M
o
ham
m
a
d U
n
ivers
ity, Bech
a
r
,
Al
geria
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
Dec
2
0
,
2
018
Re
vise
d Mar
1,
201
9
Ac
ce
p
t
ed
Ap
r
2
2
,
2
019
The
main
o
bjective
o
f
A
u
t
omatic
G
en
eratio
n
Cont
rol
(AG
C
)
is
t
o
keep
t
h
e
f
r
equ
e
ncy
w
i
t
h
in
s
p
ecified
limits
t
h
r
ou
gh
p
r
im
ary
an
d
s
econd
ary
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
dy,
a
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
w
o
area
t
h
erm
a
l
no
n
-reh
eat
p
o
w
er
s
ys
tem
w
i
t
h
inte
gra
t
ion
o
f
D
ou
bly
Fe
d
Ind
u
c
tion
Generat
o
r
(
D
F
I
G)
b
ased
W
ind
E
n
e
r
g
y
Con
v
ersi
on
(
W
E
C)
i
n
t
o
both
areas
i
s
presen
ted
.
A
P
ro
portional
I
nte
g
ra
l
Deri
vati
ve
(
PID)
c
on
tro
l
l
e
r
and
a
F
u
zzy
L
o
g
i
c
C
on
troller
(FL
C
)
hav
e
b
een
app
l
i
e
d
and
co
m
p
ared.
T
h
e
P
r
op
os
ed
c
o
n
tro
llers
a
re
u
sed
t
o
i
m
p
r
ov
e
th
e
dy
nam
i
c
res
p
o
n
s
e
a
s
well
as
t
o
reduce
o
r
e
li
m
i
n
a
t
e
t
h
e
s
t
eady-s
t
a
t
e
e
rror
in
Area
Cont
rol
Erro
r
(ACE
).
F
L
C
h
as
b
een
o
ff
ered
b
ett
e
r
and
f
a
st
e
r
perf
o
r
man
ce
ov
er
t
h
e
P
ID
c
on
tro
ller.
T
h
e
r
e
s
ults
o
b
t
ai
ned
p
r
ov
e
t
h
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
of
D
F
I
G
-
bas
e
d
WE
C
on
A
G
C
a
n
d
con
f
irm
th
e
parti
c
ip
atio
n
of
t
h
e
D
FIG
in
th
e f
r
equ
e
ncy
sy
stem.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
A
r
ea
C
o
n
t
ro
l
Er
ro
r
(A
C
E
)
A
u
t
o
ma
t
i
c
G
e
ner
a
t
i
o
n
C
on
tr
ol
(AGC)
D
o
u
b
l
y
F
e
d
Induc
tio
n
Generator
(DFIG)
F
u
z
z
y Lo
gic
Con
t
ro
l
l
er
(
F
L
C)
PID
c
o
ntro
ller
W
i
nd
En
e
rgy
Co
nv
e
r
sion
(W
EC)
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Soum
ia K
ail
,
D
e
pa
rtme
nt
o
f
El
e
c
t
rica
l
Eng
i
ne
eri
ng,
CO
A
S
EE
Labora
t
or
y, Ta
h
ri Mo
h
am
m
a
d U
n
i
v
er
sit
y
,
Be
ch
ar
,
A
l
geria
Be
c
h
a
r
U
niver
s
i
t
y,
S
tre
e
t O
f
Inde
pen
d
e
n
c
e
, BP
417,
Bec
ha
r,
A
lge
ria
Em
ail:
kai
l
s
o
u
m
i
y
a
@
gma
i
l
.
com
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
The
fre
que
nc
y
of
a
s
ystem
is
d
epe
n
den
t
on
a
c
tive
pow
er
b
a
l
a
n
ce.
A
s
fre
que
nc
y
is
a
c
om
mon
fa
c
t
or
thr
o
u
g
hou
t
t
h
e
sys
t
em
,
a
c
h
ange
i
n
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
dem
a
nd
at
o
ne
p
oi
n
t
i
s
ref
l
e
c
t
e
d
t
h
ro
ug
hou
t
th
e
syst
e
m
b
y
a
change in frequency [
1
]
.
D
u
r
i
n
g
n
orm
a
l
o
p
er
at
io
ns,
the
syste
m
frequ
enc
y
i
s
c
l
ose
t
o
5
0
H
z.
H
o
w
e
v
er,
wh
e
n
a
n
ev
e
n
t
o
c
cu
rs
t
h
at
cau
se
’s
ge
nera
t
i
o
n
-de
m
a
nd
imba
la
nce
,
t
he
s
y
s
t
e
m
fre
que
nc
y
sta
r
ts
t
o
d
e
v
ia
te
w
i
t
h
the
fr
eq
ue
nc
y
ra
t
e
s,
depe
n
d
i
n
g on
the
to
ta
l sys
t
em
inert
ia
a
nd
the
am
ount o
f
u
n
b
a
lan
c
e
d
po
w
e
r
[
2
].
I
f
,
for
insta
n
c
e
,
consum
p
t
i
o
n
i
s
l
arge
r
t
h
an
p
ro
d
u
ct
i
on,
t
he
r
o
ta
ti
o
n
a
l
e
nerg
y
store
d
i
n
la
r
g
e
syn
c
hro
n
o
u
s
m
a
c
hine
s
is
u
tilize
d
t
o
k
e
e
p
t
he
b
a
l
a
n
ce
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
p
r
od
u
c
tio
n
a
nd
c
on
sump
t
i
on
a
nd
,
a
s
a
r
e
s
u
l
t
,
the
ro
tat
i
ona
l
spee
d
of
t
he
g
e
n
era
t
or
s
d
e
cr
e
a
ses.
T
h
i
s
r
e
s
u
lts
i
n
a
d
ec
re
a
s
e
o
f
t
he
s
yst
e
m
fre
que
nc
y.
I
n
a
pow
er
s
ystem
,
t
he
re
a
re
s
om
e
u
n
i
t
s
t
h
a
t
h
a
v
e
fr
e
que
nc
y-
sens
i
t
i
v
e
e
qui
p
m
ent.
T
he
se
u
ni
t
s
a
re
c
al
led
prim
ary
con
t
ro
l
u
n
i
t
s.
T
he
p
rima
ry
c
on
t
r
o
l
u
nits
w
i
l
l
i
n
cre
a
se
t
he
ir
g
e
ne
rat
i
o
n
u
nt
il
th
e
bala
nc
e
be
tw
e
e
n
pr
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
and
c
ons
ump
t
i
on
is
r
estored
and
fre
que
nc
y
ha
s
stab
i
liz
ed.
The
p
e
r
i
o
d
of
t
i
m
e
f
o
r
t
h
i
s
c
o
n
t
r
ol
i
s
1–30
s
a
s
show
n
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
1.
I
n
orde
r
t
o
r
est
o
re
t
he
f
r
e
que
nc
y
t
o
its
nom
i
n
a
l
v
a
l
ue
a
n
d
r
e
l
ea
se
u
s
e
d
pr
im
ary
r
e
serve
s
,
the se
co
n
d
ar
y
con
t
ro
l
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
A
u
toma
tic
G
e
n
e
r
ati
o
n
Co
n
t
rol
(
A
G
C
)
is
e
mpl
o
yed
w
ith
a
ti
m
e
spa
n
of
1
0
–
1
5
mi
n.
T
he
s
ec
o
nda
r
y
c
o
n
tr
ol
t
h
u
s
r
e
su
lts
i
n
a
slo
w
er
i
nc
rea
s
e
o
r
d
ec
rea
s
e
o
f
g
ene
r
a
t
i
o
n.
I
n
som
e
cou
n
t
ries,
au
to
ma
t
i
c
ge
ner
a
t
i
on
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
is
u
se
d;
i
n
ot
her
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
t
h
e
s
ec
onda
ry
c
o
n
tr
ol
i
s
ac
com
p
lis
he
d
ma
nual
l
y
b
y r
e
que
st from
the
sys
t
em
ope
rat
o
r [3].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
St
u
d
y
of a
u
tom
a
t
i
c ge
ner
a
t
i
on
cont
rol in two are
a
po
wer
sys
t
em
wit
h
D
F
IG-base
d
win
d
…
(Soum
i
a
Kai
l
)
2
119
F
i
gure
1.
T
i
m
e
fra
m
e
s
inv
o
l
v
e
d in s
ystem
fr
eque
nc
y re
spo
n
se
[2]
The
d
y
n
am
ic
b
eha
v
ior
o
f
a
pow
er
s
yste
m
in
t
he
p
resenc
e
of
w
i
n
d
po
w
e
r
u
n
i
t
s
m
i
ght
b
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
from
t
hat
in
c
on
ve
nt
i
ona
l
pow
er
p
lan
t
s.
T
he
p
ow
er
o
u
t
p
u
t
s
of
s
u
ch
s
ource
s
a
r
e
de
pe
n
d
e
n
t
o
n
w
ea
ther
con
d
i
t
i
on
s,
s
e
a
son
s
,
and
ge
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
l
oca
t
i
on.
W
hen
w
i
n
d
p
ow
e
r
i
s
a
part
o
f
a
power
s
y
stem
,
additional
imba
l
a
nce
i
s
c
rea
t
ed
w
he
n
t
h
e
ac
tua
l
w
i
n
d
pow
er
d
e
v
i
a
tes
from
i
t
s
f
orec
ast
d
u
e
to
w
in
d
ve
loc
i
t
y
v
a
r
i
a
tio
ns
[4].
S
om
e
resea
r
che
r
s
have
c
a
rried
o
u
t
r
ese
a
r
ch
on
the
po
ssibi
l
ity
o
f
u
s
ing
do
u
b
ly
f
e
d
i
n
duc
t
i
on
bas
e
d
o
n
wi
nd
g
en
e
r
ato
r
s
t
o
c
on
t
r
i
but
e
f
o
r
AGC
c
ont
ro
l
.
T
ra
di
tion
all
y
w
i
nd
t
u
rb
ine
gener
a
ti
on
d
o
e
s
no
t
par
tici
p
ate
in
fre
que
nc
y
re
gula
t
io
n
se
rv
ic
es
i
n
pow
er
s
ys
tem
s
.
With
i
n
c
re
as
i
n
g
p
e
n
et
rat
i
o
n
of
w
i
n
d
e
n
ergy
,
sy
st
em
opera
to
r
s
a
re
d
e
m
a
ndin
g
m
ore
a
n
d
m
o
re
p
ar
tic
i
p
a
t
i
on
o
f
w
in
d
t
u
r
b
i
n
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
a
n
c
i
l
l
a
r
y
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y
i
n
fre
que
nc
y
re
g
u
l
a
t
i
on
pro
v
i
si
o
n
s.
A
s
t
he
t
ec
h
n
o
l
og
y
a
dva
nc
e
s
,
i
t
i
s
p
o
ss
i
b
le
f
or
w
i
n
d
ge
ne
rators
t
o
p
a
r
ti
cipa
te
in
f
re
q
u
e
n
cy
c
on
tro
l
s
er
vic
e
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
case
o
f
D
FIGs,
the
i
n
e
r
t
i
a
of
t
he
t
u
r
bi
ne
i
s
to
ta
l
l
y
dec
o
u
p
l
ed
f
ro
m
th
e
syste
m
,
thus g
e
n
era
t
ors are
not resp
o
n
d
i
ng t
o
freq
u
enc
y
c
h
a
nge
s
of th
e p
o
w
er syst
e
ms.
S
e
ve
ral me
t
h
o
d
s
ha
ve
bee
n
r
ep
orte
d
in
lite
rat
u
re
on
h
o
w
a
variab
le-
s
pee
d
w
i
nd
t
u
rbin
e
ca
n
pa
rt
ic
i
p
ate
effec
t
i
v
e
l
y
i
n
s
yste
m
fre
que
nc
y
regu
lat
i
o
n
s
[5-
8].
To
m
ai
nta
i
n
t
h
e
pow
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
freque
nc
y
t
o
i
t
s
n
om
ina
l
v
al
ue
dur
in
g
l
o
ad
c
ha
ng
e,
v
a
r
io
us
t
y
p
es
o
f
con
v
e
n
t
i
ona
l
c
o
n
t
ro
lle
rs
a
s
p
r
op
or
t
i
o
n
al
(
P
)
,
prop
ort
i
o
n
a
l
-in
t
e
gral
(
P
I
),
a
nd
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
na
l-i
n
te
gra
l
-
d
er
iv
ati
v
e
(PID
)
controllers
wer
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
nt
ed
f
or
A
G
C
c
o
n
t
rol
i
n
pow
er
s
ys
t
e
ms
[
9-13].
I
n
[14]
,
the
Ziegler-N
i
c
hols
(ZN
)
m
etho
d
is
u
se
d
to
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
t
he
opt
im
um
v
al
ues
of
t
he
P
ID
contr
o
l
l
er
p
ar
am
eters.
H
owever
,
the
c
o
nv
en
tio
n
a
l
c
o
nt
rol
t
e
ch
niqu
e
s
m
ay
not
a
ssu
re
t
h
e
d
e
s
i
r
e
d
p
e
r
f
orm
a
nc
e
d
u
e
t
o
t
he
c
om
ple
x
it
y
an
d
m
u
lt
i-
varia
b
l
e
c
o
ndi
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
t
he
p
o
w
e
r
s
yste
m.
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
re
sen
t
p
a
p
e
r
,
F
u
z
z
y
L
ogi
c
Co
nt
roll
er
i
s
p
r
opo
se
d
to
a
n
a
l
y
ze
the
dy
na
mic pe
r
f
orm
a
nce
o
f
t
w
o
a
re
a
p
o
w
e
r
syste
m
w
i
t
h
D
F
IG
-ba
s
e
d
Wi
n
d
E
n
e
rg
y
Conv
ersi
o
n
c
onn
e
c
t
e
d
in
bo
th
a
re
a
i
n
A
G
C
c
o
m
par
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
he
P
I
D
con
ve
nt
iona
l
co
ntr
o
l
l
e
r
.
Th
is
p
a
p
e
r
i
s
o
r
gan
i
zed
i
n
t
h
e
fo
ll
ow
i
ng
or
d
e
r.
T
he
s
ec
on
d
se
ct
i
o
n
de
scri
bes
t
h
e
dy
nam
i
c
m
ode
l
of
D
F
I
G
w
ith
i
ne
rtia
l
c
o
ntr
o
l
.
T
he
m
ode
l
of
t
w
o
a
rea
pow
er
s
ys
t
e
m
i
s
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
t
h
i
r
d
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
.
A
b
r
i
e
f
descr
i
pt
i
o
n
o
f
P
I
D
c
ont
r
o
l
l
e
r
a
nd
F
u
zz
y
Lo
gi
c
c
o
nt
r
o
l
l
e
r
is
p
r
e
se
nte
d
i
n
sec
t
io
n
f
our.
The
fi
fth
sec
t
i
o
n
di
sc
usse
s the
si
m
u
l
a
t
i
on
resu
l
t
s.
I
n
the e
nd,
t
he
c
on
c
l
u
s
io
n of
t
he
p
a
p
er
i
s pre
s
e
n
t
e
d i
n
se
c
tio
n
six.
2.
MODELING OF DFIG
A
s
t
he
p
e
n
e
t
ra
tio
n
of
w
i
n
d
e
n
erg
y
i
s
incre
a
s
i
ng
i
n
to
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
on
a
l
p
ow
er
s
ys
tem
,
i
t
’
s
d
e
sire
d
t
h
at
D
F
I
G
shou
l
d
p
ar
t
i
c
i
pa
t
e
in freque
nc
y c
o
n
t
r
o
l.
The
ki
n
e
t
ic e
nerg
y
st
o
r
ed
in
wi
nd
t
u
r
b
i
ne
c
an
b
e
ext
r
ac
t
e
d wi
th
the he
lp
o
f
v
a
r
i
able-
s
pe
ed
g
e
n
era
t
or
s.
Th
e
DFIG
b
ase
d
w
i
n
d
t
u
rb
in
es
a
re
a
bl
e
to
p
ro
du
ce
p
ower
w
i
t
h
v
a
r
ia
b
l
e
mech
a
n
i
cal
s
p
e
ed
a
nd
extra
c
t
t
he
k
i
n
etic
e
nerg
y
to
a
id
t
he
p
r
i
ma
ry
f
r
e
q
u
enc
y
c
on
tro
l
.
The
D
F
IG
m
od
e
l
u
s
e
d
for
ac
tiv
e
pow
er
con
t
ro
l
w
ith
d
ynam
i
c
pa
rt
i
c
ipa
t
ion
of
w
i
n
d
turb
i
n
e
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
.
2
,
w
h
i
c
h
h
a
s
t
h
e
e
s
s
e
n
c
e
o
f
e
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
iner
tia
l
co
ntr
o
l.
A
n
a
ddi
tio
na
l
con
t
ro
l
si
gna
l
is
c
rea
t
e
d
t
o
ad
a
p
t
t
h
e
pow
er
s
et
poi
n
t
s
∗
a
s
a
f
unct
i
on
o
f
dev
i
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
ra
te
o
f
c
h
a
nge
o
f
fre
q
u
e
nc
y
i
n
e
m
u
lat
i
on
co
ntr
o
l
o
f
t
he
D
F
I
G
.
T
he
c
ontr
o
l
l
er
s
try
t
o
k
e
e
p
the
tur
b
ine
a
t
i
t
s
opt
im
al
s
pee
d
i
n
orde
r
to
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
t
he
m
axim
um
p
o
w
e
r
.
A
p
o
w
e
r
s
e
t
p
o
i
n
t
∗
ba
sed
o
n
me
asure
d
s
pe
ed
a
nd
me
asured
e
le
ctrica
l
p
o
w
e
r
is
p
r
ovide
d
b
y
t
he
c
o
n
tr
ol
l
e
r
[5,
6].
The
ha
s
tw
o
com
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
;
∗
the
a
d
d
iti
o
n
a
l
r
e
f
e
r
enc
e
p
o
i
n
t
b
ase
d
on
fr
eque
nc
y
chan
g
e
s
and
∗
wh
i
c
h
i
s
b
ased
on
op
tim
um
t
urb
i
n
e
spee
d
a
s
a
f
unc
t
i
o
n
o
f
w
i
n
d
spee
d
a
nd
as gi
v
e
n
bel
o
w
:
∗
(
1
)
∗
∗
∗
(
2
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
: 208
8-
869
4
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 : 2
1
1
8
–
21
25
2
120
∗
∗
(
3
)
an
d
are
the
con
t
ro
l
l
er
g
ains
f
or
t
he
d
er
i
v
a
t
i
v
e
and
pro
por
ti
o
n
al
c
o
nt
r
o
ller
s
r
e
s
pect
i
v
el
y.
W
her
e
and
are
consta
nt
o
f
P
I
c
ontr
o
ller,
w
hic
h
p
ro
vi
des
fa
st
s
pe
e
d
r
e
c
ove
r
y
a
n
d
t
r
a
n
s
i
e
n
t
s
p
e
e
d
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
,
w
h
ic
h
he
l
p
s
n
on-c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
on
al
g
e
n
era
t
or
s
t
o
s
up
p
l
y
the
requ
ire
d
ac
t
i
ve
p
ow
er
t
o
red
u
ce
d
e
v
i
a
tio
ns
.
The
c
o
nt
ribu
ti
o
n
of t
h
e
DFIG
t
o
w
a
rd
s
sy
st
em i
n
e
rt
i
a
i
s gi
ve
n
by
:
–
(
4
)
A
me
t
h
od
ol
o
g
y
to
opti
m
i
z
e
th
e
co
nt
rol
l
e
r
pa
ra
me
t
e
rs
o
f
do
ubl
y
f
e
d
i
nd
u
c
ti
o
n
g
e
n
e
r
at
or
m
odele
d
fo
r
fre
que
nc
y
re
g
u
l
a
tio
n
in
i
n
t
e
r
c
onne
cte
d
t
w
o
-ar
ea
w
i
nd
p
o
w
e
r
int
e
grate
d
t
her
m
a
l
pow
er
s
ystem
i
s
p
rop
o
sed
in [1
5
].
I
t
h
as
a
n
ad
d
i
tio
na
l
refere
nce
pow
er
s
et
t
i
n
g
t
ha
t
is
d
eve
l
o
p
ed
o
n
t
he
c
h
a
nge
i
n
fre
que
ncy
us
ing
a
w
a
sho
u
t
f
i
l
t
er
w
i
t
h
tim
e
c
onsta
nt
T
ω
,
w
h
ere
a
s,
t
he
r
e
f
er
ence
p
o
i
nt
∗
,
can
b
e
d
e
ri
ved
from
the
fo
l
l
ow
i
n
g
eq
ua
ti
o
n
:
∗
(
5
)
Where,
R
i
s
d
r
oo
p
c
o
n
s
t
a
nt
a
nd
Δ
X
2
i
s
c
h
an
ge
i
n
fre
q
u
e
nc
y
ca
l
c
ula
t
e
d
w
here
w
ind
turb
ine
i
s
con
n
ec
ted
to t
h
e
g
rid.
The
D
F
IG
r
esp
o
n
d
s
i
n
a
c
c
or
d
a
nc
e
w
i
t
h
t
he
f
r
e
que
nc
y
de
via
tio
ns
d
uri
n
g
lo
ad
p
e
r
turb
at
i
ons
b
y
us
in
g
the
i
r
s
t
ore
d
k
i
n
e
tic
e
ner
g
y.
T
he
p
ro
pose
d
c
o
n
tr
ol
ler
us
es
f
r
e
q
u
enc
y
d
ev
ia
ti
o
n
i
n
s
t
e
a
d
o
f
de
ri
va
t
i
ve
o
f
fre
que
nc
y
to pr
o
v
i
de fast a
c
tiv
e
pow
e
r
injec
t
i
on c
o
ntr
o
l.
The
i
n
jecte
d
a
cti
v
e
pow
e
r
b
y
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
t
urb
i
ne
d
uri
ng
di
st
urba
nc
e
s
i
s
gi
ven
a
s
.
Th
e
i
n
j
e
cted
pow
er
b
y
w
i
n
d
turb
i
n
e
is
c
om
pa
red
w
i
th
Δ
P
NC
-r
ef
for
ob
tai
n
i
n
g
m
a
xim
u
m
pow
er
o
ut
p
u
t
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
obta
i
ne
d
by
ma
int
a
in
in
g r
e
fe
renc
e
rotor sp
ee
d [6]
.
F
i
gur
e 2.
Mo
d
e
l
o
f
D
F
I
G-ba
sed ine
r
t
i
a
l
c
o
n
t
r
ol
The
cap
ture
d m
echa
n
ic
al p
o
w
e
r
of wind tu
rbi
n
e
is
g
i
v
e
n
a
s:
M
ech
a
n
i
cal
Ine
r
ti
a
D
r
oop
Wi
nd
Tu
r
b
in
e
-
+
∗
∗
-
+
∆
∆
1
1
+
+
1
1
-
-
∗
1
2
∆
∆
1
Wa
shout
filt
e
r
F
r
e
que
n
c
y
me
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
St
u
d
y
of a
u
tom
a
t
i
c ge
ner
a
t
i
on
cont
rol in two are
a
po
wer
sys
t
em
wit
h
D
F
IG-base
d
win
d
…
(Soum
i
a
Kai
l
)
2
121
.
(
6
)
Whe
r
e
A
r
i
s
t
h
e rotor
swept area in m
2
,
S
n
is the
wind turbine r
ating
in
M
W
,
ω
s
i
s t
h
e wi
nd
sp
eed
,
C
p.
op
t
i
s
t
h
e
m
a
x
val
u
e o
f
the
C
p
c
urve
at
a
pitc
h
an
gl
e
β=0
º
,
ρ
i
s t
h
e a
i
r d
e
nsit
y
in
kg
/
m
3
.
3.
T
W
O A
R
E
A
POWER
S
YSTEM
The
s
y
s
t
em
c
ons
ists o
f t
w
o
ar
eas w
ith tw
o
id
e
nt
ica
l
no
n
-reh
e
at
t
u
rb
i
n
es is show
n in
F
i
gur
e.
3
, w
h
ich
are
c
onnec
t
e
d
t
o
ea
c
h
o
t
h
er
t
hro
u
g
h
t
i
e
-l
i
n
e
s
.
T
h
e
tie
l
i
n
e
all
o
w
s
elec
t
r
i
c
pow
e
r
t
o
f
l
o
w
b
etw
e
e
n
t
he
a
rea
s
.
Eac
h
a
re
a
has
three
ma
j
o
r
c
o
mpo
n
e
n
t
s
,
w
h
i
c
h
a
r
e
t
u
rb
in
e,
govern
or,
and
ge
ne
rator.
D
FIG
ba
sed
WE
C
is
in
t
e
grate
d
i
n
b
o
t
h
a
r
eas
i
n
the
pre
s
ence
of
t
h
e load
c
ha
nge
.
F
i
gure
3.
D
yna
m
i
c
M
o
de
l o
f
t
w
o
a
re
a
i
n
te
rcon
nec
t
e
d
p
ow
e
r
system
w
ith D
F
I
G
-
ba
sed WEC
co
nnec
t
e
d
t
o
bo
t
h
a
rea
4.
T
H
E CONTR
O
LLE
RS
I
n
t
h
i
s
pa
pe
r,
t
w
o
c
o
n
t
r
oll
e
r
s
a
r
e
i
nve
stiga
t
e
d
,
na
me
ly:
the
P
I
D
c
o
n
t
ro
l
l
er
a
nd
t
he
f
uzz
y
lo
gic
con
t
ro
l
l
er.
P
r
oport
i
o
n
a
l
I
nte
g
ra
l
D
e
riva
ti
ve
(
P
I
D)
c
ont
r
o
ller
s
h
a
v
e
bee
n
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
m
last
s
e
v
en
d
ec
ades
b
y
v
a
rio
u
s
e
l
ect
ric
a
l
u
til
i
t
i
e
s.
T
h
e
y
pl
ay
a
m
ajo
r
r
o
l
e
in
i
ndust
r
i
a
l
proce
s
s
c
o
n
t
ro
l
.
The
P
I
D
co
ntro
lle
rs
a
r
e
u
se
d
f
o
r
mi
ni
mi
z
i
ng
t
h
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
e
vi
a
tio
ns
i
n
sin
g
l
e
o
r
mu
l
t
i
a
re
a
pow
er
s
ystem
s
e
m
p
l
o
y
i
ng
A
G
C
.
In
o
rder
t
o
ac
hi
e
v
e
opt
im
al
r
esp
onse
o
f
t
he
s
ys
t
e
m
[1
6].
P
I
D
contro
ller
w
i
d
e
l
y
use
d
b
ec
a
u
se
o
f
s
i
m
p
le
d
es
ign
a
nd
i
t
s
1/
-1
1
2
∆
∆
∆
∆
+
-
+
-
AC
E1
+
DF
I
G
1
∆
1
1
1
1
PID
-
+
+
+
-1
1
1
∆
1
1
PID
1/
AC
E2
DF
IG2
∆
+
+
-
∆
1
+
-
+
+
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISS
N
:
208
8-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t
J Po
w El
ec &
D
ri S
y
s
t
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 4
,
D
e
c
2
0
19
:
21
18 –
2
1
25
2
122
r
obust
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
ga
in
st
w
ide
r
a
nge
o
f
o
p
e
r
at
in
g
con
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
Th
e
ma
them
at
ica
l
d
e
s
cri
p
t
i
on
o
f
P
I
D
as f
o
llo
w:
.
(
7
)
Where
e(
t
)
i
s
the
er
r
o
r
va
l
u
e
a
nd
u(
t
)
is the
con
t
ro
l va
ria
b
l
e
.
K
p
,
K
i
a
n
d
K
d
,
all
no
n-
ne
gat
i
v
e,
d
en
ot
e
t
h
e
coe
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
ts
f
or
t
he
p
r
o
por
t
i
ona
l
,
i
n
t
egr
a
l
,
a
nd
der
i
va
t
i
ve
t
er
m
s
r
e
spec
tive
l
y.
I
n
t
h
is
w
or
k,
t
h
e
P
I
D
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
h
a
v
e
be
en
t
une
d
by
Zi
e
g
l
er
–
N
i
c
hol
s
met
h
od
.
Fu
zz
y
c
o
nt
rol
is
b
a
s
ed
o
n
a
log
i
c
a
l
sy
st
e
m
cal
l
e
d
fu
zz
y
lo
gic
w
hic
h
i
s
muc
h
c
loser
in
sp
i
r
i
t
t
o
hum
a
n
th
i
n
k
i
ng
an
d n
a
t
u
r
a
l lan
g
u
a
g
e
than
c
la
ssic
a
l
l
o
g
ic
a
l
sys
tem
s
[
1
7]
.
Fu
zz
y
l
ogi
c
i
s
u
se
d
i
n
a
l
m
ost
a
l
l
fi
e
l
ds
o
f
sc
ie
n
c
e
an
d
t
e
c
hno
l
ogy,
i
nc
lu
di
n
g
s
o
l
v
i
ng
a
w
i
d
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
pr
o
b
l
e
ms
i
n
pow
e
r
s
ys
t
e
m
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
and
o
p
er
at
i
o
n.
T
her
e
a
r
e
m
a
n
y
po
ssi
b
l
e
f
uz
zy
l
og
i
c
c
ontro
ll
er
str
u
c
t
ur
e
s
f
or
A
G
C
pur
poses
,
som
e
d
if
f
e
r
i
n
g
s
ig
ni
f
i
ca
n
tly
f
r
o
m
e
ach
o
t
h
e
r
by
t
h
e
num
b
e
r
a
nd
ty
pe
o
f
in
put
s
an
d
o
u
tp
ut
s,
o
r
l
e
ss
s
ig
ni
fi
c
a
nt
ly
b
y
th
e
nu
mb
e
r
a
n
d
t
yp
e
o
f
i
n
pu
t
a
n
d
o
u
t
p
ut
f
uz
z
y
s
e
t
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
r
m
e
m
b
er
shi
p
f
u
n
c
tio
ns,
or
b
y
t
h
e
t
y
pe
o
f
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
r
u
les,
i
n
f
er
ence
e
n
g
i
n
e
,
a
n
d
d
ef
uzz
i
f
i
c
a
tio
n
m
e
t
h
od.
I
n
fac
t
,
i
t
i
s
up
t
o
th
e
de
sig
n
er
t
o
de
c
i
de
w
h
i
c
h
c
o
n
t
r
ol
ler
str
u
ct
ur
e
w
oul
d
be
o
p
t
im
al
fo
r
th
e
A
G
C
p
r
o
b
le
m
[4
]
.
A
C
E
a
n
d
i
t
s
der
i
vat
i
v
e
a
r
e
take
n
a
s
i
n
p
u
t
s
f
or
t
he
F
u
z
z
y
l
o
g
ic
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
er
(
F
i
gur
e
4)
.
A
C
E
is
pr
opor
ti
ona
l
t
o
f
r
e
que
nc
y
dev
i
at
i
on
a
nd
tie
l
ine
pow
er
d
ev
i
a
ti
o
n.
S
o,
A
CE
n
e
e
ds
t
o
be
c
ontr
o
l
l
ed
t
o
z
e
r
o
i
n
e
ach
a
rea
.
I
n
t
his
s
t
u
dy
“
M
a
m
da
ni
t
y
p
e”
f
uzz
y
i
n
f
e
r
enc
e
syste
m
i
s
use
d
a
nd
t
h
e
r
u
l
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
F
u
z
z
y
l
o
g
i
c
c
o
n
t
r
o
ller
ar
e
presente
d in Ta
b
le
.
1
;
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
ba
se
d
o
n
t
he
v
al
ue
o
f
t
h
e
A
C
E
a
n
d
the
c
h
a
nge
i
n
t
h
e
A
C
E.
Tab
l
e
1.
F
uzz
y
r
ule
s
Δ
A
C
E
N
B
N
M
NS
ZE
P
S
PM
P
B
AC
E
N
B
N
B
NB
N
B
NM
N
S
NS
ZE
NM
N
B
N
M
N
M
NM
N
S
ZE
P
S
NS
N
B
N
M
N
S
NS
Z
E
PS
PM
ZE
N
B
N
M
N
S
Z
E
PS
P
M
PB
PS
N
M
N
S
Z
E
PS
P
S
P
M
P
B
PM
N
S
Z
E
PS
PM
P
M
P
M
P
B
P
B
ZE
PS
P
S
P
M
PB
PB
P
B
NB:
Ne
g
a
tiv
e
Big, NM:
Ne
g
a
tiv
e
M
e
dium
, NS: N
e
g
a
ti
v
e
S
m
a
ll, ZE:
Ze
r
o
, P
B
: Posi
tive
B
i
g,
PM: P
o
sitiv
e
M
e
d
i
u
m, P
S:
P
o
s
itiv
e
S
m
a
l
l
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
S
t
r
u
ctur
e
of
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
F
u
z
z
y
L
ogic
C
o
n
t
r
o
ller
5.
S
I
M
U
L
A
TI
O
N
R
ES
U
L
T
S
Tw
o
ar
ea
of
n
on-
r
e
he
a
t
p
ow
er
p
la
n
t
pow
e
r
s
ys
t
e
m
w
i
t
h
D
F
I
G
base
d
W
E
C
w
a
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
t
h
e
dy
na
mic
be
ha
v
i
or
w
he
n
the
lo
ad
i
ncr
e
ases
b
y
0.
0
2
p
.
u
(
i.
e
40
MW
)
i
n
b
o
t
h
ar
e
a
s.
D
iff
e
r
e
nt
w
i
n
d
pe
net
r
a
t
i
o
n
leve
ls
h
a
v
e
be
en
u
se
d
to
i
nv
estiga
t
e
t
h
e
i
m
pac
t
o
f
D
F
I
G
on
A
G
C
.
T
he
p
r
e
senc
e
a
nd
t
h
e
a
b
se
nce
of
D
FI
G
in
the
sys
t
em
h
a
v
e
be
e
n
t
es
te
d
to
e
xam
i
ne
i
t
s
r
ole
i
n
t
he
s
ystem
.
Th
e
s
i
mu
l
a
ti
o
n
i
s
d
iv
id
ed
i
n
th
ree
ca
se
s
as f
o
llo
w:
5.
1.
C
o
m
p
aris
on
b
e
t
we
en
P
ID
c
on
t
r
ol
le
r
an
d
f
u
zzy
l
ogic
con
t
rol
l
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Stu
d
y
of a
u
t
om
atic
ge
ne
r
a
t
i
o
n
c
ontro
l i
n
tw
o are
a
po
w
e
r
sys
t
em
w
i
t
h
D
F
I
G
-
base
d
w
i
n
d
…
(
Soum
ia
Kai
l
)
2
123
The
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
o
f
P
I
D
c
on
tr
o
lle
r
w
a
s
c
o
mpa
r
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
i
n
te
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
t
echn
i
qu
e
Fu
zz
y
Lo
gi
c
Co
nt
rol
l
er
(
FLC
)
w
it
h
st
ep
l
o
a
d
of
0
.0
2
p
.
u
i
n
bot
h
a
r
e
a
s
.
B
o
th
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
s
a
r
e
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
t
o
a
t
w
o
a
r
e
a
n
o
n
-
r
e
h
e
at
p
o
w
er
p
l
a
nt
.
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
re
sponse
s
o
f
are
a
1
a
nd
a
rea
2
a
r
e
sh
ow
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
5
a
n
d
Fi
g
u
re
6
r
es
p
e
c
t
iv
el
y
.
F
i
gur
e
5.
F
r
e
quency
de
vi
a
t
i
on
w
ith
2
%
step
l
oad
change
i
n
ar
e
a
1
F
i
gur
e
6.
F
r
e
quency
r
e
spon
se
w
it
h
2%
s
tep
load
c
hange
i
n
ar
ea
2
F
i
gur
e
5
a
nd
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
s
how
t
ha
t
the
r
e
sp
o
n
s
e
s
w
i
t
h
F
uzz
y
l
o
g
i
c
c
o
ntr
o
lle
r
are
stab
le
w
it
h
very
l
ess
ove
r
s
ho
ot,
less
s
et
tli
ng
t
ime
and
t
h
e
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
ns
a
r
e
mi
n
i
mi
zed
.
It
i
s
foun
d
t
h
a
t
F
LC
i
s
b
e
tt
er
t
han
t
h
e
c
onv
ent
i
on
a
l
c
ont
rol
l
ers
i
n
[
9
-
14
]
.
T
hu
s
th
e
p
e
rf
o
r
ma
n
c
e
of
F
L
C
i
s
f
a
s
t
e
r
a
n
d
b
e
t
t
e
r
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
P
I
D
c
o
n
t
r
o
ller
w
h
ic
h
give
s
be
t
t
er
s
tab
i
l
i
t
y
f
or
A
GC
o
f
a
tw
o
a
r
ea
p
ow
e
r
s
ystem
.
5.
2.
Th
e
D
F
IG
i
mp
act
on
A
GC
The
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
w
i
n
d
pe
ne
tr
at
i
o
n
le
ve
ls
o
f
5
%
,
10%
a
nd
2
0
%
ar
e
us
e
d
t
o
i
nve
st
iga
t
e
th
e
i
n
f
l
uence
of
w
i
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
o
n
A
G
C
w
i
t
h
2
%
s
t
e
p
l
o
a
d
c
h
a
n
g
e
i
n
b
o
t
h
a
r
e
a
s
.
T
h
e
w
i
n
d
pe
ne
tr
a
tio
n
le
vel
s
(
α
w
%)
i
s
d
e
fi
ne
d
as f
o
llo
ws:
1
0
0
(
8
)
α
w
%
wi
nd
p
ene
t
ra
ti
on
m
ean
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
e
xi
st
ing
g
e
n
e
rat
o
r
un
it
s
a
r
e
r
e
d
u
ce
d
by
α
w
%,
i
.
e
α
w
%
r
e
duc
ti
o
n
in
i
ne
r
t
i
a
a
nd
i
n
cr
e
a
se
i
n
per
m
ane
n
t
dr
oo
p
(
R
) wi
t
h
out
f
r
e
qu
e
n
c
y
supp
o
r
t
.
F
i
gur
e
7
s
h
ow
s
fr
e
que
nc
y
de
via
tio
n
r
e
sp
o
n
s
e
s
of
t
he
t
w
o
a
r
e
a
fo
r
di
ff
er
e
n
t
w
i
nd
pow
er
p
e
n
e
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
it
i
s
obser
ved
tha
t
t
he
s
tea
d
y
-
state
fr
e
que
nc
y
de
v
i
a
t
ion
m
a
y
i
n
cre
a
se
a
s
the
wi
n
d
p
ow
er
p
e
n
etra
t
i
o
n
l
eve
l
incr
ease
s
.
B
u
t
a
large
r
p
e
n
e
t
rat
i
o
n
m
ay
d
egra
de
t
he
d
y
n
am
ic
p
e
r
for
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
he
s
y
s
t
e
m
with
i
n
c
re
ased
se
ttl
ing
t
i
m
e
a
nd
hi
ghe
r
stea
dy-
st
a
t
e
e
r
r
o
r
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISS
N
:
208
8-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t
J Po
w El
ec &
D
ri S
y
s
t
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 4
,
D
e
c
2
0
19
:
21
18 –
2
1
25
2
124
(a)
(b
)
F
i
gur
e
7. F
r
e
quenc
y
r
e
sponse
w
i
th
d
i
ffe
r
e
nt
l
eve
l
s
of
w
ind
p
e
ne
t
r
at
io
n
,
(
a
)
i
n
a
r
ea
1
,
(
b
)
i
n
a
re
a
2
5.
3.
With
a
nd wi
t
ho
u
t
DFIG
The
fr
e
que
nc
y
r
e
spo
n
ses
of
t
h
e
t
w
o
ar
eas
a
r
e
pr
e
sen
t
e
d
f
or
t
he
ca
se
s
w
h
e
r
e
t
h
e DFIG
i
s
p
a
rt
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
ng
in
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
c
on
tr
o
l
a
nd
n
o
t
p
ar
t
i
ci
pa
ti
n
g
i
n
f
r
e
que
nc
y
c
o
ntr
o
l
w
it
h
st
ep
l
o
a
d
of
0
.0
2
p.u
in
b
oth
a
r
e
a
s
.
Th
e
tw
o
ar
e
a
s
yste
m
ha
s
bee
n
s
imulate
d
w
i
t
h
P
I
D
c
o
n
t
r
o
ller
.
F
i
gur
e
8 an
d F
i
g
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
w
the
c
o
mpa
r
at
i
v
e r
e
sponse
of f
r
e
qu
e
n
c
y
dev
i
a
t
i
on i
n
a
r
e
a
1 and
2
an
d t
i
e
-
l
i
n
e
p
o
w
e
r
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
a
n
d
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
D
F
I
G
w
i
t
h
2
%
s
t
e
p
l
o
a
d
c
h
a
n
g
e
i
n
b
o
t
h
a
r
e
a
s
.
I
t
i
s
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
r
e
sp
ons
e
w
i
t
h
D
F
I
G
is
i
m
p
r
o
ved
by
r
e
d
u
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
ow
e
r
.
I
t
i
s
a
l
so
o
bse
r
v
e
d
tha
t
t
he
s
ett
l
i
n
g
time
is im
p
ro
v
e
d.
(a)
(b
)
F
i
gur
e
8
.
F
r
e
quenc
y
r
e
sponse
w
i
th
a
nd
w
it
h
o
u
t
D
F
I
G
,
(
a
)
in
a
r
e
a
1
,
(b
) in
ar
e
a
2
Fi
g
u
r
e.
9
Ti
e
-l
in
e
p
o
w
e
r
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
on
w
ith
2
%
step
l
oad
change
6.
CONCLUSION
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
St
u
d
y
of a
u
tom
a
t
i
c ge
ner
a
t
i
on
cont
rol in two are
a
po
wer
sys
t
em
wit
h
D
F
IG-base
d
win
d
…
(Soum
i
a
Kai
l
)
2
125
Thi
s
p
ap
er
p
resen
t
s
Au
to
mati
c
Gen
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
Co
nt
rol
(AGC)
i
n
t
wo
a
r
e
a
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
i
t
h
t
w
o
n
o
n
-
rehe
at
t
he
rma
l
p
ow
e
r
u
ni
ts.
Each
a
r
ea
is
i
nte
g
ra
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
D
F
I
G
-
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
Win
d
E
n
e
rg
y
C
onv
e
r
si
o
n
(
W
E
C)
w
ith
2
%
s
t
e
p
c
han
g
e
in
l
oa
d
in
b
o
t
h
ar
ea
s.
T
he
P
roport
i
o
n
a
l
I
nt
egral
Derivative
(P
I
D
)
a
n
d
Fu
zz
y
Lo
gi
c
Con
t
ro
ller
(F
LC)
have
b
e
e
n
a
p
p
lied
a
nd
sy
stem
p
e
r
for
m
a
n
ce
has
b
e
e
n
a
n
al
yze
d
a
nd
com
p
are
d
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
of
fre
que
nc
y
re
sp
ons
e.
B
o
t
h
c
o
n
t
ro
llers
w
er
e
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
to
a
t
w
o
a
re
a
.
Th
e
Fu
zz
y
Log
i
c
c
o
nt
ro
l
l
e
r
o
f
f
e
rs
b
e
t
t
e
r
and
f
a
s
t
er
p
e
r
f
o
rma
n
ce
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
con
v
e
n
t
i
on
a
l
c
on
t
r
ol
l
e
r.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
a
tio
n
res
u
lt
s
sho
w
t
h
a
t
th
e
fu
z
z
y
l
ogic
con
t
ro
l
l
er
r
edu
c
es
t
h
e
o
ver
s
hoo
ts
a
nd
t
h
e
se
tt
lin
g t
i
m
e
r
ega
r
di
ng
P
I
D
con
t
rol
l
e
r
.
The
win
d
p
e
n
e
t
rat
i
o
n
i
m
p
act
has
bee
n
i
n
v
es
t
i
ga
te
d.
A
s
the
pene
tr
at
i
o
n
o
f
w
ind
pow
e
r
i
ncr
eas
e
s
,
t
h
e
f
r
eque
nc
y
de
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
inc
r
ea
ses
.
T
he
prese
n
ce
of
D
F
I
G
ha
s
im
pro
v
ed
t
he
d
y
n
am
ic
r
esp
o
n
se
o
f
freque
n
c
y
c
om
pare
d
to
w
i
t
ho
ut
D
F
I
G.
H
e
n
c
e
,
Th
e
D
F
I
G
ba
s
e
d
W
EC
c
o
u
l
d
be
u
til
ize
d
t
o
par
t
ic
i
p
ate
an
d
impro
v
e
the
f
re
que
n
c
y pe
rfor
ma
nc
e.
ACKNOW
LEDG
E
MEN
T
S
A
u
t
hors
w
o
u
l
d
l
i
k
e
t
o
tha
n
k
t
h
e
he
a
d
s
o
f
L
ab
orat
ory
of
A
na
lysi
s
,
C
o
n
t
ro
l
an
d
O
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
on
of
Elec
tro-
Energe
t
i
c
S
y
s
t
em
s (CA
O
S
EE)
i
n
T
A
H
R
I Moham
m
ed uni
ver
s
i
t
y
of Bechar (
Alg
e
ria)
.
REFE
RENCES
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P
.
K
und
ur,
"
P
o
wer
S
y
st
e
m
S
tab
i
li
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a
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C
ontro
l,
"
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okhl
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a
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esp
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an
d
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r
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uen
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rg
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",
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ar
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s
t
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ms
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i
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este
r,
UK: Joh
n
Wil
e
y, 20
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i H
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am
a T, "Int
e
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t
au
tom
a
tic
generat
i
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c
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n
t
r
ol,
"
CRC
p
r
ess
,
A
pr 2
01
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Jal
a
li
M
,
Bhattach
arya
K
,
"F
req
u
en
cy
r
eg
ulat
io
n
an
d
A
G
C
i
n
i
so
l
a
t
e
d
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
ith
D
FIG-ba
se
d
win
d
t
ur
b
i
ne
s,
"
InP
o
wer
and E
n
erg
y
So
ciet
y Gen
e
ral
M
eetin
g
(P
ES)
, p
p
. 1-5
,
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E
E
E
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[6]
Ibrah
eem,
N
i
azi
K
R,
S
h
a
rma
G
,
"
S
t
u
d
y
o
n
d
y
n
am
i
c
p
artici
pa
t
i
on
o
f
w
i
nd
t
urbin
e
s
in
a
ut
o
m
atic
g
eneration
contr
o
l
o
f
po
w
er sy
s
t
e
m
s
,"
El
ectric P
o
wer
Comp
on
ent
s
a
n
d
Sys
t
ems
, vo
l
. 43
(
1
)
, p
p.
4
4-5
5
, Jan
20
1
5
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[7]
Verm
a,
Y
aj
ven
d
er
P
al,
and
A
s
hwan
i
Ku
mar,
"
Dy
nam
i
c
co
ntribu
ti
on
of
v
ariable-sp
eed
w
i
n
d
en
ergy
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
syste
m
in
sys
t
e
m
fre
q
u
e
nc
y
re
gu
la
t
i
on
,
"
F
r
onti
e
rs
in
ener
gy
,
v
o
l
.
6(2
)
,
p
p
. 1
84
-19
2
, 2
01
2.
[8]
Ahma
di
R
,
Sh
e
i
kh
ole
s
la
m
i
A
,
Na
ba
v
i
N
ia
k
i
A
,
Ra
n
j
ba
r
A,
"
Dy
n
a
mic
p
artic
i
p
at
io
n
o
f
doubl
y
f
e
d
ind
u
c
t
io
n
gen
e
rators
i
n
m
u
l
t
i
‐
con
t
ro
l
area
lo
ad
f
requ
ency
c
on
tro
l
,"
I
n
te
r
n
at
io
na
l
T
r
an
s
a
ctions
o
n
El
ectrical
E
n
er
gy Sys
t
ems
,
vo
l.
25(7
)
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
0-1
147
,
2
01
4.
[9]
Av
in
a
s
h,
a
nd
L
.
B.
P
ras
a
d,
"
L
o
ad
f
requ
ency
c
on
tro
l
o
f
interco
n
n
ected
f
iv
e
-
area
po
w
e
r
s
y
st
em
w
i
t
h
P
I
D
con
t
rol
l
er,"
In
20
17
In
t
e
rn
ation
a
l Co
n
f
er
ence
on
Inf
o
r
m
atio
n
,
Commu
nicati
o
n
,
In
st
rument
a
t
io
n a
n
d
Co
n
t
r
o
l
(ICICIC)
,
p
p
.
1-8.
IEEE,
2017.
[10]
Ankita,
Hari
nder
S
i
n
gh,
and
Kri
s
han
Arora,
"
Au
to
m
a
ti
c
g
e
nera
ti
o
n
cont
ro
l
of
t
w
o
e
qu
al
a
r
eas
w
ith
t
raditi
on
al
con
t
ro
llers
,
"
Int
e
rn
ati
o
n
a
l Jou
r
n
a
l
o
f
Po
wer
Electron
i
cs
an
d
Dri
ve Sys
t
ems
(I
J
P
ED
S)
,
v
o
l.
7
(3
),
pp.
6
10
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6
,
2
01
6.
[11]
Azeer
S
A,
R
am
jug
-
Bal
l
g
obin
R,
H
ass
e
n
S
S
,
"Intel
li
gen
t
c
on
trolle
rs
f
or
l
oad
f
r
equency
con
t
rol
of
t
w
o
-area
po
wer
syst
e
m
,
"
IF
A
C
-P
ap
er
s
O
nL
i
n
e
, v
ol
.
5
0
(2),
p
p
.
301
-306
,
D
ec
20
1
7
.
[12]
Kuma
ri
R
,
Avt
a
r
MR,
"Aut
o
m
atic
g
enerat
ion
control
o
f
m
ulti
are
a
p
owe
r
s
y
s
te
m
us
in
g
PID
c
o
ntro
lle
r
,"
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l of En
g
i
neeri
ng T
r
en
ds an
d
T
ech
nol
og
y
(
I
JET
T
)
,
vo
l. 4(5
)
,
M
a
y
2
01
3.
[13]
Th
aku
r
G
S
,
P
a
t
ra
A
,
"Load
f
r
e
q
uen
c
y
con
t
ro
l
in
s
in
g
l
e
area
w
i
t
h
t
radi
ti
on
a
l
z
iegler-ni
c
ho
ls
p
id
t
u
n
ing
controller,
"
In
te
rn
at
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Re
se
a
r
c
h
in
Ad
v
e
n
t Te
c
h
no
lo
gy
, v
o
l
. 2
(1
2
)
, pp
.
5
-9
, Nov
2
0
1
4
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[14]
Jai
n
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d
ra,
M
.
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Bhas
k
a
r,
S
h
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K
.
Jo
sh
i,
a
nd
D
eep
ak
B
oh
ra,
"An
a
ly
sis
of
l
o
a
d
f
r
eq
uency
con
t
ro
l
pro
b
l
e
m
f
o
r
inte
rcon
nect
ed
p
ow
er
s
ys
tem
usin
g
P
I
D
co
nt
roller,
"
Int
.
J. Em
erg
.
T
echn
o
l
.
Ad
v. En
g
(I
J
E
T
A
E
)
,
v
o
l.
4(1
1
),
2
01
4.
[15]
Chai
ne
S
,
T
r
i
p
a
t
hy
M
,
Satpathy
S,
"
NSG
A
-II
based
optim
al
c
ont
ro
l
s
c
hem
e
o
f
w
i
nd
t
herm
al
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
im
p
r
ove
m
e
n
t
o
f
f
r
eq
uen
c
y
regu
lati
on
c
haracteri
s
tics,
"
Ain S
hams
E
ngin
eerin
g
Jo
ur
nal
,
vol.
6(3),
p
p
.
8
5
1
-
863,
Se
p
20
15
.
[16]
M
eena
S
K
,
Chan
ana
S
,
"
Co
mp
arati
v
e
s
t
ud
y
o
f
l
oad
f
r
equen
c
y
c
o
nt
r
ol
u
s
i
ng
P
ID
a
nd
F
G
P
I
c
ontro
ll
er,
"
InPow
e
r
In
dia In
te
rn
at
io
na
l Co
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
(PIICON
)
, 6
t
h
I
EEE, pp
. 1-6
,
2
0
1
4
[17]
Ary
a
,
Y
ogen
d
ra,
Naren
d
ra
K
um
ar,
and
Hitesh
D
utt
M
a
th
ur,
"
A
ut
om
a
ti
c
g
e
nerati
on
c
o
n
trol
i
n
m
u
l
t
i
area
in
tercon
nect
ed
pow
er
s
ys
tem
by
us
ing
HVD
C
l
i
nks,
"
In
te
rn
a
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l of
Po
we
r
Ele
c
t
ro
nic
s
a
n
d
D
r
i
v
e
Sys
t
ems
(I
J
P
ED
S)
,
vol.
2
(1
),
pp.
6
7-7
5
,
2
01
2.
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