In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
3, S
ep 2019,
pp.
1
3
8
9
~1
3
9
7
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
3.pp1389-1397
1389
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Design
of
new power g
e
nerating
ci
rcuit for passive U
HF RFID
tag
A
bdelal
i
E
l
Bou
t
ahir
i
1
, Mo
u
ni
r O
u
re
m
c
h
i
2
,
A
h
m
e
d
R
a
ha
l
i
3
,
M
u
sta
pha
El Alao
u
i
4
,
Fou
a
d
Farah
5
,
Ka
ri
m
El
Kha
di
ri
6
,
A
h
med
Tah
i
ri
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H
a
ss
an
Q
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daa
8
1
,
2,
3
,
4,
5,
6,
8
Lab
o
rat
o
ry
o
f El
ectronics
,
S
i
gna
l
s
,
S
y
stem
s
and
Com
pute
r
S
ci
enc
e, F
acu
lty o
f
sc
i
ences,
U
n
iv
ers
i
t
y
of Si
d
i
Mo
h
a
me
d Be
n
Ab
de
lla
h,
Moro
c
c
o
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Labo
rato
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f
Com
p
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t
er S
ci
en
ce an
d In
terd
iscipl
in
ary P
h
ys
i
c
s EN
S,
U
n
i
versit
y
o
f
S
idi
Mo
ham
e
d
Ben
A
bdellah
,
Mo
rocco
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
No
v
1
5
,
2
018
Re
vise
d Mar
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A
c
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pte
d
A
pr 8,
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In
t
his
p
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pe
r,
w
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pro
p
o
s
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a
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po
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t
fo
r
p
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iv
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l
tr
a
hi
gh
f
requ
ency
(
UH
F)
R
F
I
D
t
a
g.
T
h
e
p
ro
posed
p
o
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er
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enera
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ci
rcui
t
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s
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s
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s
o
f
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l
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it
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high
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gh
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e
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ity
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la
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o
r
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rk
lik
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imit
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h
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e
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n
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et
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d
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stit
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All
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e
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ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
A
bde
lal
i
El
Bo
uta
h
iri
Elec
tron
ics,
S
i
gna
l
s
,
S
y
ste
m
s a
nd C
o
mpu
t
er
S
c
i
ence
La
bor
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y (
LESS
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a
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o
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e
n
ce
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idi
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a
me
d Ben
A
b
d
e
ll
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h
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ni
ver
s
it
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oro
cc
o
Em
ail:
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o
u
t
a
hi
r
i
a
b
de
lal
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@
g
m
a
i
l.
com
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
RF
I
D
(ra
di
o
freque
nc
y
i
d
en
t
i
fi
c
a
t
io
n)
it
is
a
t
e
c
h
no
log
y
u
s
e
s
e
l
e
ct
ro
ma
gne
t
i
c
w
av
e
s
t
o
tra
n
smi
t
t
he
ID
o
f
obje
c
t
s.
I
t
is
a
t
ech
no
l
o
gy
op
e
r
at
e
s
i
n
no
n
l
i
ne
o
f
s
i
g
h
t
e
nv
iro
n
m
e
n
t
s.
R
F
I
D
te
chn
o
l
ogy
is
b
ec
om
ing
a
part
o
f
o
u
r
e
v
e
r
y
l
i
fe
,
a
t
w
ork
i
n
s
u
p
erm
a
rket
s
at
h
om
e
a
nd
i
t
ca
n
be
i
m
p
l
a
n
t
e
d
i
n
a
n
ima
l
o
r
hum
a
n
b
o
d
i
es
[
1
]
.
A
n
R
F
I
D
s
y
s
t
e
m
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
t
h
r
e
e
m
a
i
n
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
,
a
n
R
F
I
D
t
a
g
/
t
r
ansp
ond
er,
a
re
a
d
er
o
r
a
t
r
a
n
scei
v
e
r
con
t
a
i
n
s
a
n an
t
e
nna
a
nd a
n
el
e
c
t
r
o
ni
c
c
i
r
c
u
it tha
t
e
mits a
n ele
c
t
r
o
ma
gne
t
i
c
w
a
ve (pow
er
)
to ac
t
i
v
e the
pa
ssi
ve
RF
ID
t
a
g
a
nd
a
h
o
st
s
ys
tem
.
I
n
ge
ner
a
l,
t
he
re
a
re
t
hr
ee
ty
pes
o
f
RFID
t
a
g
s,
a
n
ac
t
i
ve
t
ag,
a
se
mi
a
ct
i
v
e
ta
g
(sem
i
passi
ve
t
ag)
an
d
a
p
a
s
s
i
v
e
t
a
g
whic
h
e
p
ow
ere
d
f
ro
m
the
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
R
F
s
i
g
n
a
l
[
2
]
.
O
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
para
me
ters
t
o
de
term
i
n
e
t
h
e
com
m
unic
a
t
i
o
n
range
o
f
t
h
e
RF
ID
s
ys
t
e
m
is
t
he
f
req
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e
n
cy.
In
t
he
u
l
t
r
a
-
h
igh
fre
que
nc
y
ran
g
e
freq
u
e
n
c
i
e
s
c
a
n
v
a
r
y
fro
m
433
MH
z
t
o
2
.
4
5
G
H
z
.
freque
ncy
de
pe
nds
o
n
loc
a
t
ion;
f
or
exa
m
ple,
86
8
M
H
z
is on
l
y
us
e
d
i
n
E
urope,
w
h
e
n
9
00 t
o
928
MH
z is
u
se
d
i
n
C
a
n
ad
a an
d
t
h
e
USA.
The
u
ltra
h
i
g
h
freque
nc
y
(U
HF
)
passive
R
F
I
D
t
a
gs
h
ave
m
a
ny
a
d
va
n
t
a
g
e
s
like
th
e
i
r
l
o
w
cost,
t
h
eir
low
p
o
w
e
r
c
onsum
p
tio
n,
their
l
on
ge
r dis
t
a
n
c
e
of
opera
ti
on,
s
ma
l
l
a
n
t
e
nn
a
si
ze
a
nd
h
igh
dat
a
rat
e
[3
].
The
p
r
i
nc
ip
le
o
f
w
o
r
k
ing
of
p
ass
i
ve
t
ra
nsp
o
n
d
e
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is
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s
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l
l
ow
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h
e
d
em
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u
l
at
or
e
xt
r
a
c
t
s
t
h
e
am
plit
ud
e
sh
i
f
t
ke
y
i
n
g
(
A
S
K)
s
ig
nal
a
n
d
d
e
m
odu
la
te
d
fo
rm
t
he
b
a
se
ba
nd
proce
ssor.
T
he
v
o
l
t
a
ge
r
e
c
tif
i
e
r
circ
u
i
t
c
o
n
v
er
ts
t
he
r
e
cei
ved
ra
dio
frequenc
y
(
R
F
)
sig
n
a
l
f
rom
the
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
int
o
a
s
u
f
fic
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e
n
tl
y
D
C
v
o
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V
r
,
th
i
s
l
a
t
er
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s
reg
u
la
te
d
b
y
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v
o
l
tage
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
or
c
ircu
it
t
o
g
e
n
er
a
t
e
a
st
abl
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
u
pply
t
o
o
th
e
r
s
ub
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lo
ck
s
of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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S
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0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 3
,
S
e
p
2
019
:
1
3
8
9
–
1
397
1
390
the
ta
g.
The
b
a
s
eba
nd pr
oc
ess
o
r
ma
nipu
la
tes
the
r
ece
ive
d
b
inar
y
d
at
a
an
d
t
h
en
g
en
e
r
a
t
e
s
o
utp
u
t
s
a
cco
rdi
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
op
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
t
a
g
.
M
od
u
l
a
t
ion
t
e
quhn
iqu
e
i
s
do
n
e
(
u
s
in
g
A
S
K
m
od
u
l
at
ion)
b
y
var
i
ng
t
he
e
ff
e
c
ti
ve
im
peda
nc
e
o
f
t
he
a
nte
n
na
t
o
bac
k
scat
ter
sig
n
a
l
s
ba
c
k
t
o
t
h
e
t
r
a
ncie
v
e
r
.
T
he
b
loc
k
d
i
a
gr
am
o
f
a
U
H
F
RF
ID
tr
a
n
spo
n
d
e
r
i
s
show
n
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
1,
i
t
co
ns
ists
o
f
an
a
nt
e
nna,
a
di
g
i
t
a
l
par
t
,
and
a
n
a
na
l
og
fr
o
n
t-
e
nd
par
t
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
s
,
a
m
odula
t
or
,
a
d
e
m
od
u
l
at
or
a
nd
a
n
o
sc
il
la
tor
.
F
i
gur
e
1.
P
assi
ve
R
F
I
D
tag
bloc
k
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
F
o
r
e
a
c
h
ana
lo
g
fr
ont-
e
n
d
pa
ssi
ve
R
F
I
D
tag w
e
ha
v
e
a pow
e
r
g
ene
ra
t
i
n
g
c
i
rcui
t
t
h
a
t
c
an
g
e
n
erat
e
th
e
pow
e
r
t
o
ea
ch
R
F
I
D
t
a
g
su
b
-
bloc
ks.
The
ef
fic
i
e
n
cy
o
f
po
w
e
r
gene
r
a
ti
n
g
cir
c
uit
a
n
d
c
o
mm
unica
t
i
o
n
r
a
nge
d
of
t
he
R
F
I
D
sys
t
em
d
epe
n
d
o
n
t
he
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
r
ecti
f
ier
use
d
i
n
t
h
e
vo
lt
a
g
e
g
e
n
e
rat
o
r
c
i
rcui
t
.
T
he
F
r
i
ss
tr
a
n
smiss
i
on
(
1
)
gi
ve
s
us
t
he
t
he
or
e
tica
l
c
om
munic
a
t
ion
r
a
n
g
e
d
[
4
]
.
(
1
)
W
h
ere
,
,
,
and
a
r
e
t
he
f
re
e
space
w
a
v
eleng
t
h
,
t
he
ef
f
ect
iv
e
i
s
o
t
rop
i
c
ra
d
i
a
t
ed
powe
r
o
f
a
re
ad
e
r
,
t
h
e
g
a
i
n
o
f
the
t
ag
a
nte
n
na,
the
pr
a
c
t
i
ca
ble
ope
r
a
ti
n
g
p
ow
e
r
o
f
a
n
R
F
I
D
ta
g
i
s
t
he
p
ow
er
c
on
ver
s
i
o
n
ef
f
i
cie
n
c
y
o
f
the
r
ectif
ier
u
s
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
r
e
spec
tive
l
y.
Th
e
ma
in
c
h
a
la
n
g
e
s
i
n
R
FID
t
e
c
h
nol
ogy
a
r
e
:
t
h
e
mi
ni
mi
zi
ng
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
c
ons
um
pti
o
n
o
f
R
F
I
D
tag,
t
he
i
nc
r
a
s
i
ng
of
t
he
c
om
munica
ti
on
d
i
s
t
ance
a
n
d
t
he
e
ff
i
c
i
en
cy
o
f
vo
lt
a
g
e
re
gu
l
a
ti
o
n
.
M
any
wo
r
k
s
wa
s
in
ter
e
st
e
d
by
t
h
e
de
si
gn
i
ng
of
t
he
pow
er
g
e
n
er
a
tin
g
c
i
r
c
ui
t.
V
o
lt
ag
e
re
ct
i
f
i
e
r
wi
th
h
i
g
h
po
we
r
e
f
fi
ci
en
cy
a
ugme
n
t
s
bo
t
h
the
ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
o
f t
h
e
vo
l
t
age
r
e
gula
t
i
o
n
cir
c
u
it
a
nd
c
o
mm
un
icat
i
on
r
a
n
g
e
d
of
R
F
I
D
syste
m
.
A
vo
l
t
age
r
ect
i
f
i
e
r
usin
g
S
c
h
o
tt
ky
d
i
o
d
es
a
nd
c
a
p
ac
i
t
or
s
has
m
a
ny
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
s
l
i
k
e
t
h
e
i
r
l
o
w
j
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
ca
p
a
cit
a
n
c
e
,
t
he
i
r
s
mal
l
s
eri
e
s
r
e
sistance.
B
ecause
o
f
its
less
e
xpe
ns
i
v
e
and
mor
e
c
om
pa
ti
ble
w
i
t
h
s
t
a
nd
a
r
d
C
M
O
S
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
ogie
s
n
a
t
i
v
e
N
M
O
S
t
r
a
ns
is
t
o
r
used
i
n
w
o
r
k
s
[
5
]
,
[
6]
a
nd
[
7
]
i
s
u
s
e
d
i
n
s
te
ad
S
cho
t
tk
y
di
od
es
u
s
ed
i
n
[8
].
B
ot
h
schot
tky
diod
e
s
a
nd
n
a
tiv
e
NM
OS
t
ra
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
r
e
c
t
if
i
e
rs
h
av
e
man
y
d
i
s
adv
a
nt
ag
es;
on
e
o
f
t
he
c
o
mm
on
d
i
sa
d
v
a
n
t
a
ges
o
f
s
uc
h
r
e
ct
if
ier
s
i
s
t
h
e
dr
o
p
v
o
lta
ge
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
tp
ut
b
eca
u
s
e
of
M
O
S
t
r
a
nsi
s
tor
s
thr
e
sho
l
d
v
o
l
ta
ge
.
The
t
h
r
e
sh
ol
d
v
o
l
tage,
n
o
t
onl
y
r
e
d
u
c
e
s
the
pow
e
r
e
ff
ic
ie
nc
y,
b
ut
a
l
s
o
decr
ease
s
t
he
o
utp
u
t
r
ectifie
d
v
o
lta
g
e
.
S
o
t
o
m
i
nim
i
z
e
t
he
pow
e
r
c
on
sum
p
tio
n
of
t
he
t
r
a
nspo
nde
r
an
d
t
o
i
n
cra
s
e
t
h
e
c
o
mmu
n
i
c
a
t
i
on
di
sta
n
ce
o
f
R
F
I
D
s
ystem
,
w
e
pr
op
ose
a
ne
w
apr
o
a
c
h
w
i
h
i
ch
t
he
R
F
I
D
t
ag
c
o
n
s
u
m
e
s
a
l
o
w
p
o
we
r
co
mp
a
r
e
d
w
i
t
h
o
ther
r
ec
e
n
t
r
e
sea
r
c
h
e
s
a
n
d
w
it
h
l
onge
r
c
o
mm
un
ic
ati
o
n
d
i
st
an
ce
.
In
t
hi
s
ap
ro
ach
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
a
l
o
w
pow
e
r
v
o
lta
ge
r
egu
l
at
i
on
c
i
r
c
ui
t
w
i
t
h
t
ow
s
upp
ly
v
o
lta
ges
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
l
o
w
dr
o
up
o
u
t
(
L
D
O
)
r
e
gul
at
or
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
e
w
fu
ll
w
a
v
e
R
F
r
ec
ti
fi
e
r
w
h
i
ch
e
h
a
v
e
a
dv
ant
a
g
e
s
co
mp
a
r
ed
w
i
t
h
s
ch
ot
k
y
d
io
d
e
s
a
n
d
na
t
i
ve
N
M
O
S
tra
n
sis
t
or
r
e
c
t
i
fi
e
r
s,
w
it
h
t
h
e
aim
of
e
lim
i
n
a
tin
g
the
e
f
fec
t
o
f
thr
e
s
h
o
l
d
vo
l
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
he
p
ass
t
r
ans
i
sto
r
.
The
c
r
oss-
cou
p
l
ed
s
t
r
uc
tur
e
i
n
v
o
l
tage
r
e
c
t
i
f
i
er
i
s
c
o
nside
r
ed
f
or
NM
OS
p
ass
t
r
an
si
sto
r
s
a
n
d
th
e
cap
a
c
i
t
o
r
a
nd
t
he
tra
n
sis
t
or
i
s
use
d
a
s
the
b
o
o
t
s
tr
ap
c
ircu
i
t
f
or
n
eutra
l
i
z
i
n
g
t
h
e
ef
f
ect
o
f
the
P
M
OS
p
ass
transis
t
ors
thres
h
old
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
,
w
h
i
c
h
l
e
a
d
s
t
o
r
e
d
u
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
h
i
p
a
r
e
a
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
m
i
n
imi
z
e
the
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
s
um
p
tio
n,
w
e
pr
opo
se
t
h
e
r
e
duc
in
g
of
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
lta
ge
o
f
t
h
e
a
n
a
l
o
g
s
ec
ti
o
n
o
f
a
0.
5V
whi
l
e
ma
i
n
ta
in
i
ng
a
su
p
p
ly
v
o
l
tage
1
V
to
t
h
e
di
g
i
t
a
l
c
o
re,
u
s
in
g
a
n
e
w
ful
l
w
ave
RF
r
e
c
tif
ier
wi
th
a
hi
g
h
p
o
w
e
r
e
f
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
a
nd
h
i
g
h
se
ns
i
t
i
v
i
t
y
w
i
l
l
i
ncr
a
se
the
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
d
is
tanc
e
.
The
ana
l
og
fr
on
t-
e
n
d
se
c
tio
n
sh
ow
n
i
n
F
igur
e
1
w
i
h
i
c
h
c
on
sis
t
s
of
p
r
o
pos
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
e
sig
n
o
f
new
po
we
r ge
ne
ra
ti
ng c
i
rc
ui
t for p
a
ss
ive
U
H
F
RFID
tag
(Abde
l
a
l
i
El Bo
u
t
ah
i
r
i)
1
391
p
o
w
e
r
g
en
era
tio
n
ci
rcu
i
t
wh
i
c
h
e
g
e
n
erat
es
t
wo
out
put
v
olt
a
g
e
s
u
sin
g
one
L
D
O
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
or
w
ith
m
ul
t
i
ple
o
u
t
put
v
dd1
a
nd
vdd
2
th
ei
r
v
a
lu
e
s
a
re
s
t
a
b
l
e.
v
dd
2
g
e
t
s
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
up
pl
y
t
o
t
he
a
nal
o
g
s
ub-
bl
oc
ks
(
m
o
du
la
tor
,
dem
o
d
u
l
a
t
or
,
c
l
oc
k
ge
ner
a
t
o
r,
r
ing
osc
i
llat
o
r)
,
its
v
a
l
u
e
0
.
5
V
.
vdd1
ge
ner
a
t
e
s
a
sup
p
l
y
v
o
lta
ge
t
o
the
d
i
gi
tal
sub-
bl
oc
ks (c
ont
r
o
l
l
ogic
an
d
RO
M),
its va
l
u
e
is 1V
.
The
pro
p
o
se
d
gene
ra
ti
n
g
c
irc
u
i
t
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
i
n
t
hi
s
pa
pe
r
w
a
s
de
si
g
n
ed
i
n
18
0
nm
C
M
O
S
pr
ocess
w
h
ic
he
c
ons
is
ts
o
f
an
R
F
vo
lt
age
lim
iter
c
i
rcui
t
(
p
r
o
tec
t
or)
th
i
s
l
a
t
e
r
c
a
n
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
n
d
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
f
r
o
m
dam
a
ge
s
c
a
u
s
e
d
t
o
CMO
S
g
a
t
e-o
x
i
d
e
bre
a
k
dow
n
d
u
e
t
o
a
n
exce
ssi
ve
c
o
u
p
lin
g
v
o
lta
ge
f
rom
the
rea
d
e
r
f
or
a
shor
t
ope
rat
i
n
g
di
s
t
a
n
c
e
.
A
high
pow
er
e
ffic
ie
nc
y
an
d
h
i
gh
se
ns
i
t
iv
ity
f
u
l
l
w
a
ve
R
F
w
a
ve
r
ec
ti
f
i
e
r
i
s
us
e
d
t
o
con
v
er
t
the RF
re
ceive
d powe
r
to
DC si
g
nal
s
; t
h
e ful
l
wave
re
ct
ifier is fu
l
l
y
i
nt
e
g
rab
l
e a
n
d t
a
kes a
d
va
nt
age o
f
bo
th
p
a
ssi
ve
a
nd
a
c
t
i
v
e
m
u
l
tip
l
i
ca
ti
o
n
s
to
r
educe
t
h
e
req
u
ire
d
i
n
p
u
t
po
w
e
r
.
T
he
m
in
i
m
um
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
i
npu
t
pow
er
i
s
-24
d
B
m
t
o
g
e
n
era
t
e
su
pp
ly
vol
ta
ge
f
r
o
m
a
5
0
-O
hm
a
nte
n
na
a
t
90
0
MH
z
,
a
nd
a
v
o
lta
ge
r
egu
l
a
t
or
w
h
ic
h r
e
gu
late
s the
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
ta
ge
o
f
the r
ecti
f
ier
to a
pre
fer
d
v
a
l
u
e
.
2.
POWER
G
E
NERAT
ING C
I
RC
UIT
The
pro
p
o
se
d
pow
er
g
en
e
r
ati
ng
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
c
ons
is
t
s
o
f
a
n
R
F
vo
l
t
age
lim
iter
,
a
h
igh
pow
er
e
ffic
ie
n
c
y
and
h
i
g
h
s
e
n
si
ti
v
i
t
y
f
u
l
l
w
a
v
e
r
ec
t
i
fie
r
a
nd
a
vol
tage
r
e
g
ul
a
t
o
r
.
T
he
oret
ic
a
l
a
na
l
y
ze
s
an
d
sim
u
la
tio
ns
o
f
the
c
i
rcui
t
s
u
se
d
to
opt
i
m
i
z
e
t
h
e
d
e
si
gn
a
re
p
rese
nt
e
d
.
Th
e
c
i
rcui
t
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
s
t
a
b
l
e
D
C
vo
lta
ge
s
i
n
dep
e
nde
n
t
o
f
the
i
n
p
u
t
p
ow
e
r
l
e
v
el
s
a
n
d
i
t
c
a
n
b
e
p
o
w
e
re
d
the
pa
ssi
ve
U
H
F
R
F
I
D
tag.
I
n
t
h
i
s
sect
io
n,
eac
h sub-
bl
oc
k
of v
o
lta
ge
r
egu
l
a
t
i
o
n c
i
r
c
u
i
t
is
p
rese
n
t
e
d w
i
t
h
m
ore
detai
l
s.
2.1.
V
o
lta
g
e
R
F
li
m
iter
The
vol
ta
ge
a
t
the
in
pu
t
o
f
t
he
v
ol
ta
ge
r
ec
tifie
r
c
a
n
g
o
es
f
rom
3
5
0
m
V
to
20
V
,
d
e
p
e
n
d
i
ng
on
the
pro
x
imi
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
ta
g.
T
o
preve
n
t
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
sist
o
r
s
of
t
he
i
n
n
er
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
f
r
o
m
b
ei
ng
d
amag
ed
a
t
h
i
gh
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
l
e
v
el
s
a
n
R
F
l
i
m
i
t
e
r
i
s
u
s
e
d
.
T
h
e
R
F
s
i
g
n
a
l
i
s
d
e
t
e
c
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
R
F
_
i
n
o
f
the
RF
v
olta
ge
limi
t
e
r
w
hi
c
h
i
s
a
st
ac
ked
vo
lta
ge d
i
o
de
r
efere
n
ced
t
o t
h
e gr
ou
nd
o
f
t
h
e
RF
ID
tag.
The
out
p
u
t
of RF
l
i
m
i
t
e
r is
g
i
v
e
n
by (2)
:
_
2
(
2
)
W
h
ere
(
3
)
With
K′
a
nd
V
a
re
t
ransco
nd
uc
ta
nce
par
a
m
e
ter
a
nd
the
thre
s
h
o
l
d
vo
lta
ge
o
f
P
M
OS
t
ransistor
respe
c
t
i
ve
l
y
.
In
(
2)
t
he
v
a
l
u
e
i
n
th
e
sq
u
a
re
r
oot
i
s
mi
ni
miz
e
d
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
l
a
r
g
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
a
s
p
e
c
t
r
a
t
i
o
s
o
f
trans
i
s
t
or
s,
w
it
h the
I
d
w
e
c
a
n
w
r
i
t
e
:
2
(
4
)
Thi
s
m
e
a
n
s
tha
t
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
R
F
s
i
g
n
a
l
ex
ce
ed
s
2
V
,
t
h
e
RF
v
o
l
tage
w
i
l
l
re
duce
th
e
act
ua
l
vo
lta
ge, abo
v
e
2
V
, t
he
a
dd
iti
o
n
a
l
v
o
l
tage ap
p
e
a
r
i
n
g
a
t
t
h
e gate of N
M
O
S
t
r
a
nsist
or N
1. A
fte
r
a
c
ertain
li
m
i
t
of
t
he
t
rans
ist
o
r,
N
1
g
r
a
dua
lly
t
ur
ns
on.
O
nce
N
1
i
s
fu
ll
y
a
c
tiva
t
e
d
,
PM
OS
t
ran
s
i
s
to
r
P3
s
ta
rt
s
to
dec
r
ea
se
.
To
p
r
e
ven
t
t
h
e
R
F
si
gna
l
from
b
e
i
ng
c
o
m
p
le
te
l
y
lim
ite
d
,
a
r
e
s
i
s
t
o
r
R
3
i
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
a
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
dro
p
o
n
t
h
e
R
F
s
ig
nal
an
d
N
1
d
ra
in.
Whe
n
t
he
g
a
t
e
vo
l
t
a
g
e
of
P
3
c
o
n
t
i
n
ues
to
d
ro
p
as
a
r
esul
t
of
s
w
i
t
c
hi
n
g
N
1
,
P
3
s
t
a
r
t
s
t
o
t
u
r
n
o
n
.
A
t
t
h
i
s
t
i
m
e
,
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
P
3
a
c
t
s
a
s
a
s
h
u
n
t
a
n
d
l
i
m
i
t
s
t
h
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
o
f
a
n
y
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
R
F
signa
l
.
F
ig
ur
e
3 show
s t
h
e
am
pl
i
t
ude
o
f i
n
pu
t si
gna
l af
t
e
r usi
n
pr
opose
d
vo
l
t
a
ge
lim
ite
r.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 3
,
S
e
p
2
019
:
1
3
8
9
–
1
397
1
392
F
i
gur
e
2.
R
F
volta
ge
l
imiter
cir
c
u
i
t
Vol
t
age
af
t
e
r
R
F
limi
t
er
V
oltage
a
fter
R
F
limi
t
er
(a)
(b
)
F
i
gur
e
3.
(
a)
I
npu
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
bef
o
r
e
R
F
limiter
,
(
b)
I
npu
t
pow
er
befor
e
R
F
limiter
(dBm)
2.
2.
Fu
ll
e
w
ave
R
F
rec
t
i
f
i
er
The
v
o
l
t
a
ge
r
e
c
ti
fier
i
s
a
c
i
r
c
ui
t
c
o
n
v
erts
t
he
R
F
i
n
c
i
de
n
t
s
ig
n
a
l
t
o
a
D
C
s
i
g
n
a
l
w
i
t
h
v
e
r
y
s
m
a
l
l
r
i
p
p
les.
It
com
e
s a
f
ter
the RF
v
o
lta
ge l
im
iter
.
To
i
m
p
r
ove
p
ow
er
e
f
f
i
cie
n
c
y
,
t
h
e
pr
o
p
o
se
d
f
u
ll
w
a
ve
R
F
r
e
ctifie
r
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
6
u
s
e
s
t
h
e
co
mb
in
ati
o
n
of
t
h
e
boot
st
r
a
p
ci
r
c
ui
t
(c
ap
ac
i
t
o
r
a
nd
tr
a
n
sist
or
)
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
c
r
o
ss-
c
oup
le
d
str
u
c
t
ur
e
[9].Tr
ansistors
,
.
,
a
nd
a
r
e
repla
c
e
d
b
y
the
tr
ansistor
s
co
nnec
t
e
d
on
d
i
o
d
e
of
t
he
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
ional
br
idge
r
ect
if
ier
a
nd
c
o
n
duc
t
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
nt
p
a
t
h
fr
om
t
he
i
np
u
t
s
o
ur
ce
t
o
t
h
e
ou
tpu
t
l
oa
d.
T
ra
ns
i
s
t
o
r
s
M
a
nd
w
i
t
h
t
he
c
r
o
ss-
cou
p
l
ed
s
tr
uc
t
u
r
e
h
a
v
e
the
c
h
a
nne
l
r
e
sisti
v
i
t
y
l
ow
er
t
han
t
h
eir
ac
ti
va
ti
on
t
i
m
e
.
To
i
m
p
r
o
ve
t
he
e
f
f
i
cie
n
c
y
a
n
d
the
ou
t
p
u
t
v
olta
ge
,
the
boot
str
a
p
is
u
se
d
t
o
c
a
n
ce
l
t
h
e
thr
e
sh
o
l
d
vo
l
t
age
of
t
he
PM
O
S
tra
n
sis
t
ors.
T
he
t
he
boo
tstr
a
p
c
i
r
cui
t
i
s
bu
ilt
us
in
g
the
ca
pac
ito
r
w
i
t
h
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
.
I
n
t
his
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
t
opo
log
y
,
th
e
ga
t
e
s
of
t
h
e
t
ransi
s
t
o
rs
a
nd
and
a
r
e connec
t
e
d
t
o eac
h
o
t
h
e
r
(
t
r
a
nsi
s
tor
s
co
nnec
t
e
d
o
n
di
o
d
e)
,
t
h
e
ga
t
s
o
f
tr
a
n
sis
t
or
s
ar
e
c
onnec
t
e
d
w
it
h
the
ou
t
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
re
ctifier
t
o
r
ed
uc
e
t
h
e
effec
t
o
f
the
thr
e
sho
l
d
vo
lt
a
g
e
of
a
nd
,
P
M
O
S
p
a
s
s
tr
ansis
t
or
s.
T
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
o
f
the
i
n
pu
t
so
ur
c
e
c
har
g
e
s
bot
hs
t
he
o
u
tp
ut
c
a
p
acit
o
r
an
d
t
h
e
ca
pac
i
t
o
r
by
a
nd
.
The
vo
lta
ge
acc
ros
the
ca
p
a
cit
o
r
c
a
n
b
e
s
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
the
c
o
m
p
l
e
te
c
ond
uc
ti
vi
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
PM
OS
p
a
s
s
t
r
ans
i
st
ors.
T
o
r
e
duce
t
h
e
lea
k
a
g
e
curr
en
t,
t
he
s
izes
o
f
th
e
pos
i
tive
ha
lf
-
c
yc
l
e
,
w
h
e
n
t
he
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
ltage
(
V
)
i
s
l
ar
ge
r
t
h
a
n
t
he
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e,
t
he
c
ur
r
e
nt
l
oa
ds
t
h
e
ou
t
p
u
t
c
apac
it
or
b
y
M
,
the
t
r
an
sistor
c
o
nne
cte
d
t
o
t
h
e
d
i
o
d
e.
T
he
v
ol
ta
ge
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
ca
pac
i
t
o
r
and
th
e
ca
p
a
cit
o
r
C
i
s
gi
ven
a
s
f
o
l
low
s
:
(
6
)
and
(
15)
.
|
|
(
5
)
|
|
(
6
)
|
||
|
(
7
)
The
vo
l
t
age
a
c
ross
the
ca
pa
cit
o
r
,
a
c
t
i
v
a
t
e
s
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
t
o
si
m
u
l
t
a
n
eo
us
l
y
c
har
g
e
the
ca
p
a
cit
o
r
w
it
h
th
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
.
The
vo
lta
ge
V
_G
S
of
t
r
a
nsis
tor
i
s
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
e
sig
n
o
f
new
po
wer
ge
ner
a
ti
ng
ci
rcu
i
t for p
a
ss
i
v
e
U
H
F
RFI
D
tag (
A
bde
l
a
li
El
Bo
u
t
a
h
ir
i)
1
393
,
(
8
)
V
o
f
M
i
s
equa
l
t
o
i
t
s
t
hr
es
ho
l
d
v
ol
t
a
ge
t
h
e
t
r
a
ns
is
tor
M
is de
act
iv
ated
w
he
n,
so we
c
an wr
i
t
e
:
|
|
(
9
)
U
s
in
g
(
7
)
and
(9)
,
t
he
outp
u
t
v
ol
ta
ge
c
a
n
b
e
ca
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
(
1
0)
.
|
|
|
|
(
10)
The
r
ef
ore,
i
f
|
|
|
|
,
the
ca
pa
c
i
t
o
r
i
s
cha
r
ged
on
the
va
l
u
e
e
qua
l
to
t
he
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
lta
ge
.
Th
e
to
w
PM
OS
,
and
di
o
d
e t
r
ans
i
st
or
s oper
a
t
e
i
n
a dy
na
m
i
c
r
e
gion ha
ve
a
g
r
o
u
nd (
b
u
l
k
)
te
rmina
l
tha
t
is
n
o
t
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
he
h
ig
h
v
o
lta
g
e
dur
ing
a
co
m
p
lete
c
yc
le.
Th
is
p
r
o
b
l
em
c
au
se
s
t
h
e
in
cre
a
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
t
hres
h
o
ld
vo
l
t
age
o
f
t
he
t
r
a
n
s
is
t
o
r
s
c
onn
ec
t
e
d
t
o
t
he
d
i
ode
a
n
d
t
he
b
u
l
k
lea
k
age
cur
r
ent.
T
he
b
u
l
k
bia
s
c
ircui
t
(
,
,
,
a
nd
)
is
u
sed
t
o
e
lim
ina
t
e
th
e
bo
dy
e
f
fec
t
o
f
trans
i
s
t
ors
a
nd
.
Si
n
c
e
t
h
e
ef
f
ect
o
f
t
h
e
thresh
old
vo
l
t
age
o
f
t
ran
s
is
tors
a
nd
i
s
n
e
u
t
r
a
l
i
ze
d
by
t
h
e
b
o
o
ts
tr
ap,
t
h
e
bu
l
k
b
ias
ci
r
c
uit
does
n
o
t
u
s
e
fo
r
a
nd
,
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
ha
ve
t
he
m
axim
u
m
outp
u
t
v
o
lta
ge
.
Thus,
the
b
ody
o
f
su
c
h
t
ra
n
s
i
s
t
o
rs
i
s
co
n
n
ect
ed
t
o
V
.
T
h
e po
we
r co
n
v
ersio
n
e
f
f
i
ci
en
cy
of
p
r
op
osed
re
c
t
i
f
i
e
r i
s
giv
e
n
b
y
(
1
1
)
.
%
100
%
(
11)
With
(
12)
Wher
e
P
_
O
U
T
and
P
_
I
N
a
r
e
t
he
out
p
u
t
pow
e
r
a
nd
inp
u
t
inc
i
de
nt
p
o
w
e
r
resp
ectiv
e
l
y
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
pr
esen
ts
t
he
c
ur
ve
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
ef
f
i
cie
n
c
y
o
f
the
pr
o
p
o
s
ed
f
ul
l
w
a
v
e
rec
tifie
r.
A
t
the
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
1.6
5
V
th
e
p
o
w
er ef
f
ici
e
ncy
is abo
ut
7
4
. 2
5%.
F
i
gur
e
4.
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
vo
lta
ge
r
ecti
f
ier
F
i
gur
e
5.
C
ur
v
e
o
f
e
f
f
i
cie
n
c
y
v
er
sus
i
npu
t
vo
lta
ge
2.
3.
R
e
gu
lat
o
r
The
re
g
u
l
a
t
or
c
i
r
cu
it
com
e
s
after
the
ful
l
w
ave
r
ect
ifier.
T
he
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
r
e
gu
la
tor
per
f
or
m
s
t
w
o
m
ai
n
f
u
n
c
tio
ns.
The
fir
s
t
is
t
o
r
e
g
u
la
te
t
he
o
utp
u
t
vol
ta
ge
t
o
a
pr
e
fe
r
r
e
d
va
lu
e
and
a
pr
ef
er
r
e
d
r
a
n
g
e
f
o
r
p
a
ssi
v
e
RFI
D
U
H
F
t
ag
.
Th
e
oth
e
r
i
s
t
o
p
r
otect
t
h
e
in
ner
circuits
fro
m
b
r
e
ak
i
ng
at
h
ig
h
RF
i
np
ut
pow
er
.
The
bas
i
c
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
a
vo
l
t
age
r
e
g
u
la
t
o
r
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
8.
I
t
c
ons
is
ts
o
f
on
O
TA
,
t
o
w
r
e
gu
l
a
tio
n
r
e
si
s
t
a
n
c
e
s
an
d
a
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
fe
renc
e t
o
g
e
n
erat
e a
re
g
u
l
a
t
ed
volt
a
g
e
[10
].
T
he
o
u
t
pu
t
of
a
vol
tage
r
eg
u
l
ator
V
is
g
ive
n
a
s
fo
ll
ow.
In
a
n
ide
a
l
case
co
n
s
ide
r
in
g
a
fi
nit
e
ope
n-
lo
o
p
g
a
i
n
A
_
o
l
t
he
r
egu
l
ate
d
v
o
lta
g
e
i
s
gi
ve
n
by
:
(
13)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 3
,
S
e
p
2
019
:
1
3
8
9
–
1
397
1
394
With
V
V
(
14)
we can
writ
e
:
.
(
15)
I
f
w
e
c
onside
r
a
n
in
f
i
n
ite
ope
n-
l
o
o
p
g
a
i
n
f
o
r
an
i
de
al
c
ase
s
o
the
sim
p
l
i
fyi
ng
calc
u
la
te
s ca
n we
give
:
≅
.
1
(
16)
I
n
(
16)
t
he
o
u
t
pu
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
of
v
o
l
tage
r
e
gula
t
or
d
epe
nds
o
n
t
h
e
vo
ltage
r
e
f
e
r
ence
a
nd
r
e
sist
a
n
ce
an
d
.
F
i
gur
e
6.
V
olta
ge
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
or
s
che
m
a
tic
.
F
i
gur
e
7
sh
ow
s
t
h
e
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
v
o
l
t
a
ge
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
or
.
I
t
c
ons
i
s
ts o
f
f
o
u
r
b
lo
cks, a d
iod
e
N
MOS
reg
u
l
a
to
r
, a
vo
l
t
age
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
an
O
TA
a
nd
a
volta
ge
d
ivi
d
er
.
The
N
M
O
S
d
i
ode
r
e
g
ula
t
or
u
ses
f
our
s
e
r
ie
s
di
ode
c
on
ne
c
t
ed
n
at
i
v
e
NM
OS
t
ransistor
to
lim
i
t
l
ar
ge
o
u
tp
ut
of
t
h
e vo
lt
ag
e
re
ct
i
f
i
e
r,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
on
t
he
o
r
d
e
r
o
f
d
o
zen
s
of
t
e
n
s
o
f
v
ol
t
s
,
to
a
r
e
l
at
ive
l
y
sma
l
l
sw
ing.
O
n
e
o
f
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
o
f
R
F
I
D
p
a
s
s
i
v
e
t
a
g
s
i
s
t
h
e
f
u
l
l
y
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
te
d,
R
F
I
D
tag
ha
s
n
o
t
an
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
vo
l
t
age
r
e
fe
re
n
c
e
,
it
me
ans
th
a
t
t
he
v
o
lta
ge
r
e
f
er
ence
u
se
d
in
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
re
fer
e
nce
must
b
e
a
u
t
o
g
ener
ate
d
,
e
v
en
the
p
o
w
e
r
sup
p
l
y
v
ol
ta
ge.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
7,
1
.
6
V
i
s
ge
ner
a
t
e
d
dir
e
c
t
l
y
b
y
a
r
e
fe
r
e
nc
e
se
lf
-
b
i
a
se
d
vo
l
t
age,
i
ns
t
e
a
d
o
f
the
c
o
nve
nt
i
ona
l
m
e
t
h
od
f
or
a
m
p
li
fy
i
n
g
a
lo
w
-
pr
ec
isi
on
r
e
fe
r
e
nc
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
he
v
ol
t
a
ge
pr
e-
ge
n
e
r
a
t
e
d.
M
-
M
bu
ild
a
t
w
o
c
asca
de
c
on
ne
c
t
i
o
n
t
o
i
ncr
e
ase
the
ou
tp
u
t
r
esista
nc
e
;
a
l
l
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
s
o
p
e
r
a
t
e
i
n
the
l
o
w
in
ver
s
io
n
r
e
g
i
o
n
t
o
r
e
duce
t
h
e
po
w
e
r
consum
p
t
ion.
I
n
t
h
e
l
o
w
-
in
ver
s
i
on
r
e
gi
on,
t
he
d
r
a
in-
s
our
c
e
c
u
r
r
e
nt
i
s
g
i
ve
n
by
:
I
I
e
(
1
7
)
I
f
t
h
e
r
a
t
i
o
W/
L
o
f
t
h
e
N
M
OS
t
ra
n
s
isto
r
M
i
s
m
a
d
e
Q
time
s
l
ar
ger
tha
n
t
ha
t
o
f
M
a
nd
bo
t
h
h
a
v
e
the
sam
e
L
,
V
of
t
r
a
nsist
o
r
M
a
nd
M
c
an
b
e
refo
rmu
l
at
ed
in
terms
cu
rr
en
t
I
a
s
V
n
ln
V
(
18)
V
n
ln
V
(
19)
V
V
I
R
(20)
Us
in
g
(1
7,
18
an
d
20
)
we
can
s
im
pl
y
s
how t
hat:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
e
sig
n
o
f
new
po
wer
ge
ner
a
ti
ng
ci
rcu
i
t for p
a
ss
i
v
e
U
H
F
RFI
D
tag (
A
bde
l
a
li
El
Bo
u
t
a
h
ir
i)
1
395
I
ln
Q
(21)
Th
is
c
ur
r
e
nt
i
s
in
de
pe
n
d
e
n
t
of
t
he
pow
e
r
s
our
ce
a
nd
i
s
m
uch
sma
l
le
r
,
t
han
the
cur
r
ent
o
p
er
a
tin
g
in
t
y
p
i
ca
l
sat
u
r
a
tio
n
r
e
gi
o
n
.
Wit
h
s
uc
h
a
c
o
ns
t
a
n
t
a
n
d
s
ma
ll
c
u
r
r
ent,
t
he
v
o
l
t
a
ge
on
t
h
e
dr
a
i
n
of
t
r
a
ns
is
t
o
r
M
c
a
n
be
a
s
sta
b
l
e
a
n
d
i
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
nt
o
f
t
h
e
pow
e
r
s
up
p
l
y.
T
o
m
i
nimi
ze
t
he
l
ow
e
s
t
w
o
r
k
a
b
l
e
R
F
in
put
p
o
w
er
f
or
the
wh
ole t
r
an
s
p
o
n
d
er,
such
a
re
f
er
ence
i
s
e
x
pecte
d
t
o
w
o
r
k
u
nd
e
r
a
pow
e
r
s
u
p
p
l
y
vo
l
t
age
a
s
l
ow
a
s
po
ss
ible
.
The
ze
ro-t
hresho
l
d
P
MOS
trans
i
stor
s
M
3
-
M
4
a
r
e
used
a
s
the
cur
r
en
t
m
i
r
r
or
l
oad
t
o
r
educe
t
h
e
req
u
ir
e
d
V
ds
vo
l
t
age
dr
o
p
s.
A
l
ow
p
ow
er
r
egu
l
a
t
or
i
s
s
i
mpl
y
a
d
if
f
e
r
e
nt
ia
l
a
mp
l
i
f
i
e
r
w
it
h
fe
ed
b
ack
.
Th
e
f
eedb
a
ck
d
et
e
c
t
s
the
ou
tp
ut
vol
t
a
ge
a
nd
com
p
a
r
e
s
it w
i
th
t
he
V
r
e
f pr
ov
i
d
e
d
by
th
e vo
lt
a
g
e ref
e
ren
c
e o
f
the
s
eco
n
d
s
t
ep
. Fo
r
the
di
ffere
n
tia
l am
pli
f
ie
r, an NMO
S a
m
p
l
i
fie
r
is
se
l
e
c
t
ed w
ith
a
n a
ct
i
v
e
P
M
O
S
l
oad.
I
n
or
de
r
to ac
h
ie
ve
l
o
w
d
r
o
p
r
e
gu
lat
i
on
a
nd
e
n
sur
e
t
ha
t
M
1
8
o
p
er
ates
i
n
t
h
e
sa
tur
a
t
i
on
r
e
gio
n,
t
he
n
a
tive
MO
S
t
r
ans
i
st
or
w
it
h
l
a
r
g
e
W
/
L
is
u
se
d.
V
olta
ge
d
i
v
ide
r
u
se
d
in
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
v
o
lta
ge
r
eg
ula
t
or
c
on
sis
t
s
of
r
es
is
tances
a
nd
c
an
d
iv
i
d
e
t
h
e
ou
t
p
u
t
v
ol
t
a
ge
v
a
l
ue
(
vd
d
1
)
a
n
d
gi
ve
a
n
ou
tpu
t
v
dd
2.
V
dd
2
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
by
(
22
),
w
i
t
h
vd
d2=
1
V
t
o
o
b
t
a
i
n
v
dd1=
0
.
5
V
m
us
t
be
e
qua
l
s
.
(
22)
F
i
gur
e
7.
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
low
p
o
w
e
r
vol
tage
r
egu
l
ator
.
3.
RESU
L
T
S
A
ND ANALY
S
IS
The
s
i
mu
la
ti
on
r
e
s
ul
ts
o
f
pr
o
pos
ed
p
owe
r
g
ener
at
in
g
c
i
rcu
i
t
are
i
ntr
o
d
u
c
e
d
in
t
h
i
s
sec
t
i
on.
F
i
gur
e
8
show
s
t
h
e
t
r
an
sie
n
t
r
e
sp
o
n
se
o
f
vdd
1
an
d
vd
d
2
.
V
dd1
a
nd
vd
d2
w
i
t
h
d
i
f
fer
e
nt
i
n
p
u
t
pow
e
r
l
eve
l
s
w
h
i
c
he
c
h
an
ges
f
r
o
m
-
2
2
d
Bm
t
o
14
d
B
m
a
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gur
es
9
a
nd
1
0
r
e
s
pec
tive
l
y.
I
n
-
2
2d
Bm
i
n
p
u
t
pow
er
,
the
ob
ta
ina
b
le
l
ar
g
e
st
c
o
nver
s
io
n
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
i
s
s
t
i
l
l
29.
1
5
%,
w
hic
h
i
s
h
i
ghe
r
tha
n
t
he
r
ep
or
t
e
d
r
e
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l
t
s
s
h
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n
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ison
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ble
.
W
i
t
h
29.
1
5
%
p
o
w
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r
c
o
n
v
er
si
on
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f
f
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t
he
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om
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
on
d
i
s
t
a
n
ce
o
f
R
F
I
D
s
ys
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e
m
is
a
b
o
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t
1
0
m
.
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a
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le
1
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
ce
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our
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e
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cie
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c
y
c
om
par
e
d
t
o
o
t
h
er
w
or
ks
[
5]
,
[1
1]
,
[12]
,
[
1
3]
.
The
la
yo
u
t
fo
r
th
e
po
wer
g
e
n
e
rating
c
irc
u
it
fo
r
an
UHF
R
F
I
D
tag
circu
i
t
is
s
how
n
i
n
F
igur
e
1
1
.
A
l
l
dev
i
ce
s
or
c
ir
c
u
i
t
s
p
r
o
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e
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o
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oduce
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e
c
t
r
o
ma
gn
et
i
c
i
n
t
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e
ren
c
e
o
r
s
u
s
ce
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l
e
t
o
i
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erfere
nce
are
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l
ose
d
w
i
t
h
do
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le
l
aye
r
gua
r
d
r
i
n
gs.
T
h
e
la
yo
u
t
i
s
d
o
n
e
by
r
espe
c
t
ing
f
o
l
l
ow
i
n
g
i
t
e
m
s
;
d
e
s
i
g
n
r
u
l
e
s
(
D
R
M
,
M
R
C
a
n
d
D
e
n
s
i
t
y
)
a
n
d
de
sig
n
er
c
onstr
a
i
nts
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n
f
o
r
m
a
tion
(
c
o
n
str
a
in
t
m
a
na
ger
,
t
ext)
.
I
t
o
ccup
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25m
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f
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r
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norm
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R
P
sour
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 3
,
S
e
p
2
019
:
1
3
8
9
–
1
397
1
396
F
i
gur
e
8.
T
r
a
nsien
t
r
e
s
p
o
nse
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
ge
n
e
r
a
t
i
ng
cir
c
ui
t.
F
i
gur
e
9.
T
r
a
nsien
t
r
e
s
po
nse
o
f
v
d
d
1
w
it
h
di
f
f
e
r
ent
in
pu
t
p
o
w
e
r
lev
els.
Fi
g
u
r
e 10
.
Tra
n
si
en
t
re
sp
on
se
o
f
v
dd2
w
i
t
h
d
i
f
f
e
r
ent
i
npu
t
po
we
r
levels.
F
i
gur
e
1
1
.
La
you
t
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
pow
e
r
g
e
n
er
ati
n
g
c
i
r
c
u
it.
4.
CONCLUSION
I
n
c
o
n
c
l
us
i
on,
a
n
ew
p
ow
er
g
e
n
er
a
t
i
n
g
c
i
r
c
uit
f
o
r
a
U
H
F
R
F
I
D
t
r
ans
p
o
nder
w
i
t
h
m
u
l
tip
le
o
ut
pu
t
sup
p
l
y
vo
lta
ge
h
a
s
b
ee
n
suc
cessf
ul
l
y
d
es
ig
ned
i
n
T
S
M
C
1
8
0
nm
t
e
c
h
no
log
y
.
C
i
r
c
uit
de
s
i
g
n
,
s
i
mu
lat
i
on,
a
n
al
ys
i
s
a
nd
la
yo
u
t
d
es
i
gn
ar
e
all
inc
l
u
d
e
d
i
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
dy.
T
he
p
e
rfo
rman
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
op
o
s
ed
p
o
w
e
r
g
en
erat
in
g
ci
r
c
ui
t
i
s
e
nh
a
n
c
e
d
a
g
ood
a
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
of
t
h
e
v
olt
a
g
e
s
up
ply
whi
c
h
i
s
s
t
a
b
le
a
n
d
i
nde
p
e
nde
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
pow
e
r
vo
l
t
age
l
e
ve
ls
a
s
the
pow
er
s
upp
ly
f
or
a
U
H
F
p
a
ssi
ve
R
F
I
D
tag.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
e
sig
n
o
f
new
po
we
r ge
ne
ra
ti
ng c
i
rc
ui
t for p
a
ss
ive
U
H
F
RFID
tag
(Abde
l
a
l
i
El Bo
u
t
ah
i
r
i)
1
397
REFE
RENCES
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]
E
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RF
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R.
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]
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“
RF
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e
Con
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n Model
for Mu
lti-Stage
Recti
f
i
e
rs
i
n
UH
F R
F
ID
T
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”.
I
E
EE J
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d
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Ultra-L
o
w
P
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we
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RF S
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of
a
Pa
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M
i
c
r
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v
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RFID
T
ra
nspo
nd
e
r
in
0.3
5
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C
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ircu
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m
s”
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arthau
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F
u
ll
y
In
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ed
P
assi
ve
UHF
R
F
I
D
T
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e
r
I
C with
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M
inim
u
m
R
F
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IEEE J. Sol
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ts
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8
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2
0
0
3
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60
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16
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]
S
.
Has
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i
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e
s
i
gn of A
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l
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G
e
n
erato
r
f
or
P
as
si
ve
UHF
R
F
I
D
Tag
in
90
nm
C
M
O
S
”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
nal Jour
na
l o
f
M
i
cr
owa
v
e
an
d W
i
rel
e
ss
T
echn
o
lo
g
i
es
,
p
a
ge 1
of 7
. #
C
ambrid
ge Un
i
versity
P
ress
an
d
th
e
E
u
ro
pean
M
icro
w
a
ve
A
ss
ocia
t
i
on,
201
4
do
i:1
0.
101
7/
S
175
90
78
7
1
400
0
84
1.
[7
]
Y.
Y
ao
, J.
W
u
, Y.
Shi
a
n
d
F
.
F
o
s
ter Da
i,
“
A Fu
l
l
y
Integ
r
at
ed
90
0-M
H
z
P
a
ssiv
e
R
F
I
D T
r
ans
pon
der
F
r
o
n
t En
d W
i
th
No
ve
l
Ze
ro
-Thre
s
ho
ld
RF–DC
R
e
c
t
ifie
r”
,
I
E
E
E
T
r
an
sa
c
tio
n o
n
in
du
str
i
a
l
e
l
e
c
t
ron
i
c
.
[8
]
S
m
ail
H
a
ss
ouni
a
nd
Has
s
an
Q
ji
d
aa
“
A
D
esig
n
of a
H
igh
-
P
e
rf
orm
a
nc
e
A
n
al
og
F
r
o
n
t
-
En
d
f
o
r P
a
ssive
U
H
F
R
F
I
D
T
a
g EPC C1
G
2
”,
J
o
ur
nal of Comm
un
icatio
ns So
ftwar
e
an
d S
y
stem
s
, VOL. 14, NO. 2,
JUNE 2018.
[9
]
Rezvan
D., Shab
n
am
R
.,
Samsa
m
I.
“A
High
Effici
en
cy
R
ect
i
f
i
e
r
f
o
r
UH
F
RFI
D
P
a
ssiv
e Tags
W
i
t
h
Vth
Can
cell
a
tio
n
Techn
i
q
u
e
”.
QUI
D
20
1
7
,
p
p
.
2
33
5-23
41
,
S
peci
al
I
ssu
e
N
°
1
-
ISS
N
:
169
2-3
43X
,
M
e
d
e
l
l
í
n-Colombia.
[1
0]
A.
El Bou
t
ahir
i
,
M
.Ouremchi,
A.
Rahali
,
M
.
A
lao
u
i, F
.
Farah
,
K.
El Kha
d
ir
i
,
A.
Tah
i
ri
an
d
H
. Q
j
i
d
aa, “Design
o
f
2MHz O
O
K
Transmitter/
R
ecei
ver f
o
r
Inductive
Power
and
Data T
ran
s
m
is
s
i
on f
o
r Bi
om
ed
i
cal Im
p
lan
t
”,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
nal Jour
na
l o
f
Elect
ri
cal
and Co
mputer En
g
i
neeri
n
g
(
I
J
E
CE),
vol
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7
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1]
K
a
rth
a
us,
U.
,
F
i
scher,
M
.
, “
F
u
l
l
y in
teg
r
ated
p
as
sive
U
H
F
R
F
I
D t
rans
po
nder
IC
w
ith
16
.
7
-mW
minim
u
m
RF
i
np
u
t
p
o
w
e
r”,
I
EE
E
J.
S
o
l
i
d
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e
C
ircu
its,
38
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1
6
02–
16
08
.
[1
2]
Ko
cer,
F
.,
Fl
y
n
n
, M
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.
,
“A
New
Tran
sp
on
der
Arch
i
t
ect
u
r
e
wi
t
h
O
n
-Chi
p
ADC f
o
r
Lo
n
g
-
Range
T
elem
et
ry
A
p
p
l
i
catio
n
s
”,
I
E
E
E
J.
Soli
d
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,
4
1
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6),
1
14
2–
1148.
[1
3]
Pill
a
i
.
V
., Hei
n
r
i
c
h. H.
;
D
iesk
a. D.,
N
i
k
i
tin,
P
.
V.
Martin
ez,
R
.
Ra
o
,
an
d
K
.
V
.S
.: “An u
ltra-l
o
w-po
wer lon
g
ran
g
e
b
a
tt
ery/
passiv
e
RF
I
D t
a
g f
o
r UH
F
and
micro
w
ave
band
s
wit
h
a
c
ur
ren
t
co
n
sump
t
i
o
n
o
f
7
00
nA
at
1
.
5
V”
,
I
E
EE
T
r
an
s.
Circu
i
ts Syst
. I
,
54
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7),
1
5
00–
15
12
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.