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m
p
u
ti
n
g
t
i
m
e
a
n
d
u
s
in
g
b
ig
m
e
m
o
r
y
w
h
ic
h
r
e
m
a
in
t
h
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
/
s
p
ee
d
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
i
n
e
v
ita
b
le.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
a
f
u
zz
y
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
u
s
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
o
f
t
h
e
class
ical
m
e
th
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
i
n
teg
r
ate
s
t
w
o
p
ar
ts
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ar
t
e
m
p
lo
y
s
a
f
u
zz
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
ith
2
5
r
u
les
to
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
e
e
q
u
iv
ale
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
SMC
w
h
ile
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
ar
t
u
s
e
s
a
f
u
zz
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
i
th
o
n
e
in
p
u
t
a
n
d
o
n
e
o
u
tp
u
t
to
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
te
an
o
p
ti
m
al
v
alu
e
o
f
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
co
n
tr
o
ller
’
s
g
ai
n
o
f
SM
C
.
So
a
FS
M
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
an
d
test
ed
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
u
s
i
n
g
Ma
tlab
/Si
m
u
l
in
k
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
P
&
O,
SM
a
n
d
FLC
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
i
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
h
ig
h
l
ig
h
t
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
ex
h
ib
its
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
,
ti
m
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
p
r
ec
is
io
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
a
s
als
o
p
r
o
v
ed
ef
f
icien
t
ab
ilit
y
to
atten
u
ate
c
h
at
ter
i
n
g
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
h
as
b
ee
n
o
r
g
a
n
ize
d
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
Sect
io
n
2
p
r
ese
n
ts
a
b
r
ief
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
elli
n
g
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
3
m
o
s
tl
y
r
e
f
er
r
ed
ex
is
ti
n
g
MP
PT
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
u
zz
y
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
d
escr
ib
ed
in
d
etail
i
n
s
ec
t
io
n
4
.
Sectio
n
5
p
r
esen
t
s
th
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lts
.
Fin
all
y
,
a
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
is
g
iv
e
n
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
6
.
2.
P
H
O
T
O
VO
L
T
A
I
C
SY
ST
E
M
M
O
DE
L
L
I
NG
As
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
g
en
er
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
c
h
e
m
e
co
n
tain
s
a
PV
m
o
d
u
le,
r
esis
ti
v
e
lo
ad
an
d
DC
-
DC
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
s
ch
e
m
e
[
8
]
2
.
1
.
M
o
dellin
g
a
nd
Cha
ra
ct
er
is
t
ics
o
f
P
V
M
o
du
le
A
P
V
ce
ll
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
m
ater
ial
s
t
h
at
co
n
v
er
t
s
o
lar
in
s
o
latio
n
i
n
to
elec
tr
ic
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
cir
c
u
it
m
o
d
el
o
f
P
V
ce
ll
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
a
s
i
n
g
le
d
i
o
d
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
p
ar
allel
w
i
t
h
a
li
g
h
t
g
e
n
er
ated
cu
r
r
en
t so
u
r
ce
.
A
P
V
p
an
el
i
n
clu
d
es
p
ar
al
lel
m
o
d
u
le
s
ea
ch
o
n
e
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
P
V
ce
ll ser
ial
co
n
n
ec
ted
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
-
v
o
ltag
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
o
f
a
P
V
g
e
n
er
ato
r
ar
e
g
iv
en
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
:
,
*
(
)
+
-
(
)
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
an
d
ar
e
th
e
P
V
g
en
er
at
o
r
o
u
tp
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t v
o
lta
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e
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
en
t,
is
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
-
cu
r
r
en
t,
an
d
ar
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
th
e
p
ar
allel
a
n
d
s
er
ies
ce
ll;
an
d
ar
e
th
e
s
o
lar
ce
l
l
s
h
u
n
t
an
d
s
er
ies
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
s
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
;
is
t
h
e
r
e
v
er
s
e
s
at
u
r
atio
n
c
u
r
r
en
t,
k
i
s
t
h
e
B
o
ltz
m
a
n
n
’
s
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n
s
ta
n
t
(
1
.
3
8
*
1
0
-
2
3
J
/K)
,
A
is
th
e
P
-
N
j
u
n
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y
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ac
to
r
,
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is
th
e
c
h
ar
g
e
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f
an
elec
tr
o
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(
1
.
6
*
1
0
-
1
9
C
)
an
d
T
is
th
e
P
V
g
en
er
ato
r
t
e
m
p
er
at
u
r
e.
T
h
e
P
V
ce
ll p
h
o
to
-
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
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n
an
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
as st
ated
i
n
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
.
[
]
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
G
is
th
e
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
i
atio
n
in
w
att
s
p
er
s
q
u
ar
e
m
eter
,
is
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
it
cu
r
r
en
t
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
co
ef
f
icie
n
t,
is
t
h
e
P
V
ce
ll
r
ef
er
en
ce
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
an
d
is
th
e
ce
ll’
s
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
it
cu
r
r
e
n
t
at
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
r
ev
er
s
e
s
at
u
r
atio
n
cu
r
r
en
t
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
T
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
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N:
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8
8
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F
u
z
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h
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(
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[
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3
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w
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er
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is
th
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b
an
d
g
ap
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y
o
f
th
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s
e
m
ico
n
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in
p
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o
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ce
ll
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h
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en
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t t
h
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en
ce
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r
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(
a
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b
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Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
q
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i
v
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n
t so
lar
ce
ll
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ay
cir
c
u
it,
(
a)
Sin
g
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ce
ll c
i
r
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(
b
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So
lar
ar
r
ay
cir
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it
(
Ns
-
s
er
ies,
Np
-
p
ar
allel)
.
[
9
]
[
1
7
]
T
ab
le
1.
E
lectr
ical
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
K
y
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ce
r
a
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3
5
GX
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L
P
p
an
el
P
a
r
a
me
t
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t
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l
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M
a
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m
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m
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w
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r
(
P
max
)
1
3
5
.
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4
w
V
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g
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t
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max
(
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mp
p
)
1
7
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7
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36
Fro
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ig
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r
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3
a
n
d
4
,
it
i
s
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ea
r
l
y
o
b
s
er
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at
t
h
e
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V
g
en
er
ato
r
p
r
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t
s
a
n
o
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li
n
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r
b
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r
w
h
ic
h
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
i
atio
n
an
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
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e
n
o
te
th
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
P
V
p
o
w
er
in
cr
ea
s
es
w
it
h
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
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n
an
d
t
h
at
th
e
o
p
en
cir
cu
it
v
o
lta
g
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
s
li
g
h
t
l
y
.
On
co
n
tr
ar
y
,
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
i
s
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
ed
b
y
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
o
f
P
V
p
an
el.
T
h
e
P
-
V
c
u
r
v
e
s
s
h
o
w
al
s
o
th
at
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
o
f
P
V
m
o
d
u
le
v
ar
ies.
So
a
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
tr
ac
k
th
is
p
o
in
t
i
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
u
s
e
th
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
as a
n
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
ato
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
P
-
V
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
th
e
P
V
p
an
el
at
co
n
s
tan
t te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
T
=
2
5
°C
0
5
10
15
20
25
0
50
100
150
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
(
V
)
P
o
w
e
r
(
W)
T
=2
5
°
C
1
0
0
0
W
/
m
²
8
0
0
W
/
m
²
6
0
0
W
/
m
²
4
0
0
W
/
m
²
2
0
0
W
/
m
²
I
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
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8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
7
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No
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3
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tem
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2
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:
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–
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7
3
967
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
P
-
V
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
th
e
P
V
p
an
el
at
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
G
=1
0
0
0
W
/m
²
2
.
2
.
P
o
w
er
C
o
nv
er
t
er
Str
uct
ure
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
s
id
e
r
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
i
s
a
D
C
-
DC
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
5
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
lo
ad
is
a
co
n
s
tan
t
r
esis
ta
n
ce
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
ad
j
u
s
ted
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
o
w
er
av
ailab
le
at
th
e
P
V
p
an
el.
T
h
e
u
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
b
y
an
in
p
u
t
f
ilte
r
C
IN
,
an
in
d
u
cto
r
L
,
a
M
OS
F
E
T
s
w
itc
h
,
a
d
io
d
e,
an
d
an
o
u
tp
u
t f
i
lter
C
out
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Sch
e
m
a
tic
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
DC
-
D
C
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
[
1
0]
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as:
(
4
)
3.
M
P
P
T
M
E
T
H
O
DS
3
.
1
.
P
er
t
urb a
nd
O
bs
er
v
e
M
P
P
T
M
et
ho
d
Am
o
n
g
all
t
h
e
MP
PT
tech
n
iq
u
es,
th
e
p
er
tu
r
b
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
e
(
P
&
O)
s
tr
ateg
y
i
s
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
in
p
r
ac
tice
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
it
s
ea
s
e
o
f
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
b
y
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
o
f
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle,
th
e
n
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
o
f
P
V
g
en
er
ato
r
.
I
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
,
th
i
s
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
p
o
in
t
h
as
m
o
v
ed
to
w
ar
d
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
an
d
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
p
er
tu
r
b
ati
o
n
w
il
l
b
e
m
ad
e
in
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
B
u
t
if
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
d
ec
r
ea
s
es,
th
e
n
e
w
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
i
s
m
ad
e
in
t
h
e
o
p
p
o
s
ite
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
d
r
aw
b
ac
k
s
o
f
th
i
s
s
tr
ateg
y
ar
e
d
ev
iatio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t d
u
r
i
n
g
r
ap
id
ly
ch
a
n
g
i
n
g
w
ea
t
h
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
3
.
2
.
F
uzzy
L
o
g
ic
B
a
s
ed
M
P
P
T
Fu
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
v
er
y
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
ll
y
ap
p
lied
to
m
a
n
y
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
v
er
t
h
e
p
ast
f
e
w
d
ec
ad
es
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
h
u
m
an
t
h
in
k
i
n
g
an
d
n
at
u
r
al
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
i
n
F
L
C
,
m
ad
e
it
to
u
s
e
i
n
al
m
o
s
t
all
s
ec
to
r
s
o
f
s
cie
n
ce
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
[
1
2
]
.
Fu
zz
y
lo
g
ic
-
b
ased
MPPT
tr
ac
k
er
h
av
e
ex
p
o
s
ed
v
er
y
ex
ce
lle
n
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
u
n
d
er
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
an
d
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
w
i
th
o
u
t
a
n
y
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
P
V
g
en
er
ato
r
m
o
d
el.
I
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
g
o
o
d
d
esig
n
to
s
elec
t
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
u
zz
i
fi
ca
tio
n
,
i
n
f
er
e
n
ce
m
ec
h
an
is
m
,
r
u
le
b
ase,
an
d
d
ef
u
zz
i
ficatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
ts
o
f
f
u
zz
y
co
n
t
r
o
ller
ar
e
e
r
r
o
r
an
d
its
v
ar
iatio
n
s
;
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
i
s
th
e
0
5
10
15
20
25
0
50
100
150
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
(
V
)
P
o
w
e
r
(
W)
2
5
°
C
3
5
°
C
4
5
°
C
5
5
°
C
G
=1
0
0
0
W
/
m²
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
F
u
z
z
y
S
lid
in
g
Mo
d
e
C
o
n
tr
o
l f
o
r
P
h
o
to
vo
lta
ic
S
ystem
(
Mo
u
n
ir
Derr
i
)
968
d
u
t
y
r
atio
o
f
D
C
-
DC
co
n
v
er
te
r
o
r
its
v
ar
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
m
a
n
y
r
esear
ch
es
u
s
es
th
e
r
atio
dP
pv
/d
V
pv
a
n
d
its
v
ar
iati
o
n
∆(
d
P
pv
/d
V
pv
)
a
s
in
p
u
ts
a
n
d
it
co
n
s
id
er
s
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
a
s
o
u
tp
u
t.T
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
s
v
ar
iab
les ar
e
d
efin
es a
s
f
o
llo
w:
(
5
)
(
6
)
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
l
y
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
b
y
u
s
in
g
f
u
zz
i
fi
ca
tio
n
,
in
f
er
e
n
ce
r
u
le
s
,
d
ef
u
zz
i
ficatio
n
.
As
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
6
,
s
ca
li
n
g
f
ac
to
r
s
k
1
,
k
2
an
d
k
3
ar
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
in
p
u
t a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
al
s
f
o
r
th
is
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Gen
er
al
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
a
f
u
zz
y
MP
PT
co
n
tr
o
ller
[
1
4
]
3
.
3
.
Sli
di
ng
M
o
de
B
a
s
ed
M
P
P
T
Sli
d
in
g
m
o
d
e
co
n
tr
o
l
(
SMC
)
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
SMC
b
ased
MP
PT
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
r
o
v
id
es
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
wh
ich
ac
h
iev
e
s
t
h
e
MP
P
d
u
r
in
g
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
w
ea
t
h
e
r
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
MP
P
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
p
ee
d
is
f
aster
w
ith
t
h
e
in
c
r
ea
s
e
in
s
w
itc
h
in
g
b
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
u
tp
u
t
an
d
p
o
w
e
r
o
u
tp
u
t
o
s
cilla
tio
n
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
s
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
o
f
t
h
e
S
MC
b
ased
MP
PT
is
h
ig
h
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
class
ical
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
[
2
]
.
SMC
is
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tati
o
n
o
f
a
co
n
tr
o
l
eq
u
at
io
n
,
w
h
ic
h
f
o
r
ce
s
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
v
ar
iab
les to
s
ta
y
o
n
a
s
elec
ted
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
ca
lled
s
lid
in
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
4.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
F
U
Z
Z
Y
S
L
I
D
I
NG
M
O
DE
B
ASE
D
M
P
P
T
CO
NT
RO
L
L
E
R
A
f
u
zz
y
s
l
id
in
g
m
o
d
e
co
n
tr
o
ll
er
is
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
a
s
tan
d
-
alo
n
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
ai
m
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
tr
o
l
la
w
ar
e
to
tr
ac
k
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
o
f
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
,
m
in
i
m
ize
o
s
cillatio
n
s
ar
o
u
n
d
MP
P
an
d
also
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
ch
atter
i
n
g
p
h
en
o
m
en
a
wh
ich
lead
to
lo
s
s
es
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
t
w
o
p
ar
ts
as
ill
u
s
tr
ated
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ar
t
is
b
ased
o
n
f
u
zz
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
h
ich
w
o
r
k
as
a
n
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
to
m
ain
tai
n
t
h
e
s
tate
o
n
th
e
s
lid
i
n
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
s
(
x
)
=0
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
ar
t
is
a
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
s
ed
to
s
tab
ilize
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
co
m
b
in
ed
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
a
n
d
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
ter
m
i
s
g
iv
e
n
b
y
eq
u
atio
n
(
7
).
(
7
)
(
)
(
8
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Stru
ct
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
f
u
zz
y
s
lid
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
co
n
tr
o
l s
y
s
te
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
6
:
964
–
9
7
3
969
4
.
1
.
F
uzzy
L
o
g
ic
Co
ntr
o
ller
Desig
n
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
ar
e
er
r
o
r
(
e
)
an
d
ch
an
g
e
er
r
o
r
(
ce
)
w
h
ile
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
is
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
(
d
)
.
I
t
k
n
o
w
n
th
at
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
f
u
zz
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
ill
b
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
m
e
m
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
c
tio
n
s
(
MF
s
)
,
s
o
tr
ian
g
u
lar
MF
s
ar
e
ad
o
p
ted
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
a
n
d
also
to
f
ac
ilate
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
n
r
ea
l
cir
c
u
it.
T
h
e
v
ar
iab
les i
n
p
u
ts
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t a
r
e
d
i
v
id
ed
i
n
to
f
i
v
e
f
u
zz
y
s
u
b
s
ets
: N
e
g
a
ti
v
e
B
i
g
(
NB
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ati
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ig
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(
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(
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Fig
u
r
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.
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ip
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er
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ce
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ad
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ased
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[
1
6
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,
g
iv
en
b
y
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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e
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h
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s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Do
u
n
is
,
A
.
I.
,
Ko
f
in
a
s,
P
.
,
A
laf
o
d
im
o
s,
C.
,
&
T
se
les
,
D.
(2
0
1
3
).
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
f
u
z
z
y
g
a
in
sc
h
e
d
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li
n
g
P
I
D
c
o
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tro
ll
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r
f
o
r
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x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
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in
t
trac
k
in
g
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic sy
ste
m
.
Ren
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
,
60
,
2
0
2
-
2
1
4
.
[2
]
Bh
a
tn
a
g
a
r,
P
.
,
&
Ne
m
a
,
R.
K.
(2
0
1
3
).
M
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
in
t
t
ra
c
k
in
g
c
o
n
tro
l
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s:
S
tat
e
-
of
-
th
e
-
a
rt
in
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
i
e
ws
,
2
3
,
2
2
4
-
2
4
1
.
[3
]
F
a
rh
a
t,
M
.
,
Ba
ra
m
b
o
n
e
s,
O.,
&
S
b
it
a
,
L
.
(2
0
1
5
).
Ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
p
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
DSP
-
b
a
se
d
sta
n
d
a
l
o
n
e
P
V
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
a
sta
b
le sin
g
le i
n
p
u
t
f
u
z
z
y
l
o
g
ic co
n
tro
ll
e
r.
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le an
d
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
R
e
v
ie
w
s,
4
9
,
9
0
7
-
9
2
0
.
[4
]
Ka
las
h
a
n
i
,
M
o
sta
f
a
Ba
r
z
e
g
a
r
e
t
F
a
rsa
d
i
,
M
u
rtaz
a
.
Ne
w
S
tru
c
tu
re
f
o
r
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
y
ste
m
s
w
it
h
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
in
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
A
b
il
it
y
.
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
,
2
0
1
4
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
4
,
p
.
4
8
9
.
[5
]
L
iu
,
F
.
,
Ka
n
g
,
Y.,
Z
h
a
n
g
,
Y.,
&
Du
a
n
,
S
.
(
2
0
0
8
,
Ju
n
e
).
C
o
mp
a
riso
n
o
f
P&
O
a
n
d
h
il
l
c
li
mb
i
n
g
M
P
PT
me
th
o
d
s
fo
r
g
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
PV
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r
.
In
In
d
u
strial
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
2
0
0
8
.
ICIEA
2
0
0
8
.
3
rd
IE
EE
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
on
(
p
p
.
8
0
4
-
8
0
7
).
IE
EE
.
[6
]
Ch
u
,
C
.
C.
,
&
C
h
e
n
,
C
.
L
.
(2
0
0
9
)
.
Ro
b
u
st
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
in
t
tra
c
k
in
g
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic ce
l
ls:
A
slid
in
g
m
o
d
e
c
o
n
tro
l
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.
S
o
l
a
r E
n
e
rg
y
,
8
3
(
8
),
1
3
7
0
-
1
3
7
8
.
[7
]
De
rri,
M
.
,
B
o
u
z
i,
M
.
,
L
a
g
ra
t,
I.
,
&
Ba
b
a
,
Y.
(2
0
1
4
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r).
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
in
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
u
s
in
g
F
u
z
z
y
L
o
g
ic
Co
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
f
o
r
S
tan
d
-
A
lo
n
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
y
ste
m
.
In
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
Vo
l.
3
,
N
o
.
1
1
(N
o
v
e
m
b
e
r
-
2
0
1
4
)).
E
S
RS
A
P
u
b
l
ica
ti
o
n
s.
[8
]
A
b
ra
h
a
m
,
Nith
in
T
.
,
Ku
m
a
r
,
K.
V
in
o
t
h
,
Jo
se
,
V
ick
y
,
e
t
a
l.
S
A
R
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
M
e
th
o
d
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v
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ic
S
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u
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.
In
ter
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o
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rn
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Po
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lec
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n
d
Dr
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ms
,
2
0
1
3
,
v
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l
.
3
,
n
o
4
,
p
.
4
3
8
.
[9
]
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
i,
A
.
,
Re
k
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u
a
,
D.,
&
M
e
z
z
a
i,
N.
(2
0
1
3
).
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p
e
rim
e
n
tal
S
tu
d
y
o
f
a
P
V
W
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ter
P
u
m
p
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g
S
y
st
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m
.
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
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c
tri
c
a
l
S
y
ste
m
s,
9
(2
).
[1
0
]
Bin
b
i
n
Zh
u
;
Yo
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g
Ya
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g
;
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Ji;
X
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n
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g
w
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o
.
(2
0
1
4
).
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S
trate
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Rid
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h
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h
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J
o
u
rn
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l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
S
y
ste
ms
,
1
0
(4
).
[1
1
]
Ba
i,
Y.,
Zh
u
a
n
g
,
H.,
&
W
a
n
g
,
D.
(2
0
0
7
).
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
f
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
tec
h
n
o
lo
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in
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strial
a
p
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li
c
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ti
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n
s.
S
p
rin
g
e
r
S
c
ien
c
e
&
Bu
sin
e
ss
M
e
d
ia.
[1
2
]
Ba
la
m
u
ru
g
a
n
,
S
.
,
V
ij
a
y
a
,
K.R.
M
.
,
Ch
a
n
d
ra
k
a
la,
S
a
n
k
a
ra
n
a
r
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y
a
n
a
n
,
K.
(2
0
1
1
).
De
v
e
lo
p
m
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n
t
of
V
a
riab
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stru
c
tu
re
F
u
z
z
y
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o
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ic Co
n
tro
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r
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E
n
h
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n
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d
L
o
a
d
F
re
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c
y
Co
n
tro
l.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
S
y
ste
ms
,
7
(
3
).
[1
3
]
Ch
e
k
ired
,
F
.
,
M
e
ll
it
,
A
.
,
Ka
lo
g
iro
u
,
S
.
A
.
,
&
L
a
rb
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s,
C.
(2
0
1
4
).
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telli
g
e
n
t
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
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ic ap
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F
P
G
A
c
h
ip
:
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c
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y
.
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o
l
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r E
n
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y
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1
0
1
,
8
3
-
9
9
.
[1
4
]
S
h
a
rm
a
,
C.
,
&
J
a
in
,
A
.
(2
0
1
5
)
.
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e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
Co
m
p
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riso
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o
f
P
I
D
a
n
d
F
u
z
z
y
Co
n
tro
ll
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rs
in
Distrib
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te
d
M
P
P
T
.
In
ter
n
a
t
io
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l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
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lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
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ms
(
IJ
P
EDS
),
6
(3
),
6
2
5
-
6
3
5
.
[1
5
]
A
sh
ra
f
z
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d
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h
,
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.
,
No
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ick
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.
,
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y
,
R.
,
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a
l
m
o
n
,
J.
C.
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9
9
6
,
Oc
to
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e
r).
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ti
m
a
l
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o
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f
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zz
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c
o
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rs
[
f
o
r
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c
ti
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n
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o
to
rs].
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In
d
u
stry
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p
p
li
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ti
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n
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re
n
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e
,
1
9
9
6
.
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Re
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9
6
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EE
(
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3
,
p
p
.
1
7
4
1
-
1
7
4
5
).
IE
EE
.
[1
6
]
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e
z
ian
e
,
M
.
,
S
e
f
rit
i,
B.
,
Bo
u
m
h
id
i,
J.,
&
S
lao
u
i,
K.
(2
0
1
3
).
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u
ra
l
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f
o
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p
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to
v
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lt
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ic
p
u
m
p
in
g
sy
ste
m
.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
S
y
ste
ms
,
9
(3
).
[1
7
]
Ya
ich
i
,
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
F
e
ll
a
h
,
M
o
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m
m
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d
-
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ri
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t
M
A
M
M
ERI,
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d
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rim
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n
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ra
l
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tw
o
rk
b
a
se
d
M
P
P
T
tec
h
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iq
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e
c
o
n
tr
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e
r
f
o
r
p
h
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v
o
lt
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ic
p
u
m
p
in
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sy
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m
.
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ter
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ti
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a
l
J
o
u
r
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l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
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tro
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n
d
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ms
,
2
0
1
4
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
2
,
p
.
2
4
1
.
[1
8
]
Ch
iu
,
Ch
ia
n
-
S
o
n
g
,
O
u
y
a
n
g
,
Ya
-
L
u
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t
Ku
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h
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n
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Yu
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e
rm
in
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l
slid
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d
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c
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tr
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x
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p
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p
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trac
k
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o
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ic p
o
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n
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ra
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sy
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m
s
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o
la
r E
n
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2
0
1
2
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v
o
l.
8
6
,
n
o
1
0
,
p
.
2
9
8
6
-
2
9
9
5
.
[1
9
]
G
u
e
n
o
u
n
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u
,
O
u
a
h
ib
,
Da
h
h
o
u
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o
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t
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h
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r
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d
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u
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o
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a
se
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M
P
P
T
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r
p
h
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y
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m
s.
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
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rs
io
n
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n
d
M
a
n
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g
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me
n
t
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2
0
1
4
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o
l.
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8
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5
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B
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RAP
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re
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rg
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y
ste
m
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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IJ
PEDS
Vo
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.