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2
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3
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Sep
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b
er
202
1
,
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1
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1.
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UCT
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N
J
o
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co
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cr
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ch
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[
1
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-
[
3
]
.
T
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w
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o
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tan
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.
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h
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,
n
e
w
p
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ec
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h
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co
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tr
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n
ef
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th
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w
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g
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r
ce
s
s
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c
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as
w
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an
d
s
o
lar
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er
g
y
.
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lar
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y
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co
n
s
id
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a
clea
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-
p
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g
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d
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ex
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tib
le
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g
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o
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ce
[
4
]
.
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s
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m
s
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v
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ev
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th
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lar
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g
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u
ch
as
f
lat
-
p
late
s
o
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p
an
els
[
5
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r
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
s
o
lar
p
o
w
er
(
C
S
P
)
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
6
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
e
n
co
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r
ag
e
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th
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s
to
s
w
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tch
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s
in
g
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il
f
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s
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p
o
ten
tial
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eth
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tec
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ated
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te
m
)
.
E
v
e
n
t
u
all
y
,
th
i
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
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8
8
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694
I
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t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
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S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
202
1
:
184
5
–
185
2
1846
w
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[
7
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-
[
1
2
]
.
A
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co
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P
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e
lo
ca
ted
n
ea
r
ea
ch
o
th
er
o
r
ien
ted
to
w
ar
d
s
s
o
u
t
h
w
i
th
a
n
ad
eq
u
at
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
m
;
to
av
o
id
an
y
s
h
ad
o
w
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
t
h
e
P
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p
an
els.
A
w
ea
t
h
er
s
tatio
n
w
as
m
o
u
n
ted
n
ea
r
th
e
t
h
r
ee
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
P
V
p
an
els
w
it
h
t
h
eir
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
h
a
v
i
n
g
s
a
m
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
b
u
t e
ac
h
o
n
e
h
a
s
its
o
w
n
co
n
tr
o
l b
o
ar
d
.
T
h
e
d
ata
c
o
llected
f
r
o
m
th
e
t
h
r
ee
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
a
s
an
a
l
y
ze
d
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
w
o
r
k
w
a
s
c
o
n
d
u
cted
d
ail
y
f
o
r
2
m
o
n
th
s
(
Feb
r
u
ar
y
a
n
d
Ma
r
ch
)
;
f
r
o
m
9
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0
A
M
to
2
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0
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M.
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h
e
to
tal
r
o
tatio
n
a
n
g
le
t
h
at
t
h
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
ll c
o
v
er
s
o
lar
az
i
m
u
t
h
a
n
g
le
w
ill
b
e
ar
o
u
n
d
7
0
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ea
c
h
d
ay
.
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h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
en
d
s
a
s
i
g
n
al
to
t
h
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DC
m
o
to
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ea
ch
tim
e
p
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(
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0
m
i
n
u
tes)
o
r
d
er
in
g
it
to
o
p
er
ate
f
o
r
a
cer
tain
a
n
g
le.
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h
is
an
g
le
is
ca
l
cu
lated
b
y
d
iv
id
in
g
t
h
e
to
tal
a
n
g
le
o
f
r
o
tatio
n
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ti
m
e
p
er
io
d
s
.
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p
o
ten
tio
m
eter
i
s
m
o
u
n
ted
o
n
t
h
e
m
ai
n
j
o
in
t to
ac
q
u
ir
e
t
h
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
r
o
tatio
n
an
g
le.
T
h
e
p
a
n
el
m
o
tio
n
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
w
a
s
th
e
s
o
lar
n
o
o
n
ti
m
e.
A
t
s
o
lar
n
o
o
n
ti
m
e,
th
e
t
h
r
ee
s
o
lar
P
V
p
an
els
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
o
r
ien
ted
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
s
u
n
.
T
h
is
w
a
s
v
er
i
f
ied
b
y
p
laci
n
g
a
s
m
al
l
p
iece
o
f
w
o
o
d
v
er
tica
l
t
o
th
e
P
V
p
an
el
s
u
r
f
ac
e
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
n
o
s
h
ad
o
w
ex
is
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
p
an
el
s
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
a
n
y
ti
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
a
y
to
m
a
k
e
s
u
r
e
th
at
t
h
e
ca
lc
u
lated
an
g
le
s
ar
e
co
r
r
ec
t.
T
h
e
P
V
tilt
an
g
le
m
a
y
b
e
s
to
r
ed
in
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
all
o
v
er
th
e
y
ea
r
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
a
n
ex
ac
t
til
t
an
g
le,
a
s
en
s
o
r
w
as
u
s
ed
.
A
p
o
ten
t
io
m
eter
w
a
s
m
o
u
n
ted
o
n
a
j
o
in
t
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
tilt
an
g
le
d
u
r
in
g
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
is
is
a
n
o
p
en
lo
o
p
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
h
at
o
p
er
ates
o
n
ti
m
e
b
as
is
,
th
at
n
ee
d
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
ti
m
e
b
asis
m
o
tio
n
.
T
w
o
m
icr
o
-
co
n
tr
o
ller
b
o
ar
d
s
w
er
e
b
u
ilt,
o
n
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
P
V
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
.
E
ac
h
P
V
tr
ac
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
n
ee
d
s
t
w
o
D
C
m
o
to
r
s
:
O
n
e
m
o
to
r
f
o
r
th
e
E
-
W
m
o
tio
n
,
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
f
o
r
th
e
S
-
N
m
o
tio
n
.
A
s
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
ea
r
lier
,
a
s
i
m
p
le
w
ea
t
h
er
s
tatio
n
co
n
s
i
s
ti
n
g
o
f
a
n
an
e
m
o
m
eter
,
t
w
o
p
y
r
a
n
o
m
eter
s
,
an
d
f
o
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
co
u
p
les o
f
K
-
t
y
p
e
w
a
s
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
r
ee
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
w
e
r
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
t
h
r
ee
P
V
p
an
el
’
s
s
u
r
f
ac
es,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
w
as
u
s
ed
to
d
ete
r
m
in
e
t
h
e
a
m
b
ien
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
A
m
icr
o
in
v
er
ter
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
ea
ch
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
p
an
els.
T
h
r
ee
m
icr
o
in
v
er
ter
s
w
er
e
u
s
ed
to
co
n
v
er
t t
h
e
DC
c
u
r
r
en
t i
n
to
AC
cu
r
r
en
t a
n
d
co
m
p
u
te
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t e
n
er
g
y
f
o
r
ea
ch
P
V
p
an
el.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
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O
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A
ll
t
h
e
r
ea
d
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g
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p
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m
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ts
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e
tak
e
n
s
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m
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lta
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eo
u
s
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m
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T
h
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p
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m
e
n
tal
r
e
s
u
lt
s
ar
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s
u
m
m
ar
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i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
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o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
w
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t
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d
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n
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i
s
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p
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th
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r
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lecto
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r
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RE
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NC
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S
[1
]
R
.
Al
-
Rb
a
ih
a
t
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
th
e
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re
ti
c
a
l
sim
u
latio
n
o
f
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d
so
rp
ti
o
n
re
f
rig
e
ra
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
d
riv
e
n
b
y
f
lat
p
late
so
lar
c
o
ll
e
c
to
r,
”
J
o
r
d
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
a
n
d
In
d
u
stria
l
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,
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o
.
1
,
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p
.
1
-
1
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
Dr
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N:
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P
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ce
o
f so
la
r
mo
d
u
les in
teg
r
a
ted
w
ith
r
eflec
to
r
(
Ja
m
il A
l A
s
fa
r
)
1851
[2
]
M
.
A
Ha
m
d
a
n
,
E.
M
.
A
lq
a
ll
a
b
a
n
d
A
.
H
.
S
a
k
h
rieh
,
“
P
o
ten
ti
a
l
o
f
so
lar
c
e
ll
s
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
u
si
n
g
li
q
u
i
d
a
b
so
rp
ti
o
n
f
il
ters
,
Ira
n
ian
Jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
”
Ira
n
ia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
f
M
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
4
3
,
p
p
.
3
8
3
–
3
9
8
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
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0
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0
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7
/s
4
0
9
9
7
-
0
1
8
-
0
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6
5
-
x
.
[3
]
A
.
S
a
k
h
rieh
,
Y.
A
b
d
u
ll
a
t,
a
n
d
M
.
A
.
Ha
m
d
a
n
,
“
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
r
m
a
l
e
n
e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
e
u
sin
g
p
h
a
se
-
c
h
a
n
g
e
m
a
teria
l
u
n
d
e
r
Jo
rd
a
n
ian
c
li
m
a
te,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
fra
str
u
c
tu
re
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
22
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
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,
2
0
1
6
,
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o
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0
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/(as
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)is.
1
9
4
3
-
5
5
5
x
.
0
0
0
0
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8
7
.
[4
]
I.
A
s
c
h
il
e
a
n
,
G
.
Ra
so
i,
M
.
S
.
Ra
b
o
a
c
a
,
C.
F
il
o
te,
a
n
d
M
.
Cu
lce
r
, “
De
sig
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
o
f
a
n
e
n
e
rg
y
s
y
ste
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
re
n
e
wa
b
le
so
u
rc
e
s
f
o
r
g
r
e
e
n
h
o
u
se
su
sta
in
a
b
le
a
g
ricu
lt
u
re
,”
En
e
rg
ies
,
p
p
.
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
2
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/e
n
1
1
0
5
1
2
0
1
.
[5
]
E.
A
rık
a
n
,
S
.
A
b
b
a
so
ğ
lu
,
a
n
d
M
.
G
a
z
i
,
“
Ex
p
e
ri
m
e
n
tal
p
e
r
f
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
f
lat
p
late
so
lar
c
o
ll
e
c
to
rs
u
sin
g
d
if
fe
re
n
t
n
a
n
o
f
lu
i
d
s,”
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
il
i
ty
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
11,
2
0
1
8
,
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o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/su
1
0
0
6
1
7
9
4
.
[6
]
S
.
Qiu
,
L
.
S
o
l
o
m
o
n
,
a
n
d
G
.
Rin
k
e
r
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
n
in
teg
ra
te
d
th
e
rm
a
l
e
n
e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
e
a
n
d
f
re
e
-
p
isto
n
stir
li
n
g
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
f
o
r
a
c
o
n
c
e
n
tratin
g
so
lar
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
,
”
En
e
rg
ies
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
7
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/e
n
1
0
0
9
1
3
6
1
.
[7
]
R.
P.
S
e
m
m
a
a
n
d
M.
S.
Im
a
m
u
ra
,
“
S
u
n
T
ra
c
k
in
g
Co
n
tro
ll
e
r
f
o
r
M
u
lt
i
Kw
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
Co
n
c
e
n
trato
r
S
y
ste
m
,
”
Ph
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic S
o
l
a
r
En
e
rg
y
C
o
n
fe
re
n
c
e
,
Ca
n
n
e
s,
1
9
8
1
,
p
p
.
2
7
-
3
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
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1
0
0
7
/
9
7
8
-
94
-
0
0
9
-
8
4
2
3
-
3
_
5
4
.
[8
]
J
.
G
a
d
e
w
a
d
ik
a
r
,
“
M
icro
p
ro
c
e
ss
o
r
Ba
se
d
S
o
lar
T
ra
c
k
in
g
S
y
ste
m
Us
in
g
S
tep
p
e
r
M
o
to
r,
”
B
.
S
.
th
e
sis
,
De
p
a
rt,
o
f
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
I
n
stru
m
.
En
g
.
,
S
.
G
.
S
.
In
st.
o
f
T
e
c
h
.
S
c
i
.
,
In
d
o
re
,
1
9
9
7
.
[9
]
G
.
M
.
M
a
ste
rs,
“
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
Ef
fi
c
ien
t
El
e
c
trica
l
Po
we
r
S
y
ste
ms
,
”
1
st ed
.
Ne
w
Yo
rk
:
Jo
h
n
W
il
e
y
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
0
]
J
.
K
.
Kie
t
, “
M
i
n
iatu
re
so
lar t
ra
c
k
e
r
,
”
th
e
sis d
isse
rtatio
n
,
U
n
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
sia
,
Jo
h
o
r,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
1
]
S
.
A.
Ka
lo
g
iro
u
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
o
f
o
n
e
a
x
is
su
n
trac
k
in
g
s
y
ste
m
,
”
S
o
la
r
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
n
o
.
6
0
,
p
p
:
4
6
5
-
4
6
9
,
1
9
9
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
S
0
0
3
8
-
0
9
2
X
(9
6
)0
0
1
3
5
-
1
.
[1
2
]
A
.
A
b
u
S
n
e
in
e
h
a
n
d
W
.
S
a
la
h
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
n
a
u
t
o
m
a
ti
c
a
ll
y
a
li
g
n
e
d
so
lar
trac
k
in
g
s
y
ste
m
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
0
5
5
-
2
0
6
4
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
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j
p
e
d
s.v
1
0
.
i4
.
p
p
2
0
5
5
-
2
0
6
4
.
[1
3
]
P
.
G
.
Nik
h
il
,
a
n
d
M
.
P
re
m
a
lat
h
a
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
so
lar
m
o
d
u
le
b
y
c
o
o
li
n
g
:
A
n
e
x
p
e
rim
e
n
tal
in
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
En
v
ir
o
n
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
7
3
-
8
2
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
4
]
K.
A
.
M
o
h
a
rra
m
,
M
.
S
.
A
b
d
-
El
h
a
d
y
,
H.
A
.
Ka
n
d
il
,
a
n
d
H
.
El
-
S
h
e
rif
,
“
En
h
a
n
c
in
g
t
h
e
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
p
a
n
e
ls
b
y
w
a
ter
c
o
o
li
n
g
,”
Ai
n
S
h
a
ms
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
8
6
9
–
8
7
7
,
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
a
se
j.
2
0
1
3
.
0
3
.
0
0
5
.
[1
5
]
A
.
A
ld
ih
a
n
i,
A
.
A
ld
o
ss
a
r
y
,
S
.
M
a
h
m
o
u
d
,
a
n
d
R.
K.
A
L
-
Da
d
a
h
,
“
T
h
e
e
ff
e
c
t
o
f
c
o
o
li
n
g
o
n
th
e
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
c
e
ll
s
u
n
d
e
r
d
u
sty
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
s,”
E
n
e
rg
y
Pro
c
e
d
ia
,
v
o
l.
6
1
,
p
p
.
2
3
8
3
-
2
3
8
6
,
2
0
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4
,
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o
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1
0
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1
0
1
6
/
j.
e
g
y
p
ro
.
2
0
1
4
.
1
2
.
0
1
0
.
[1
6
]
M
.
L
a
y
th
,
S
.
A
h
m
a
d
,
A
.
A
h
m
a
d
,
H.
Am
e
r,
A
.
E
m
a
n
,
a
n
d
H.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
“
Op
ti
m
ize
d
c
lea
n
in
g
a
n
d
c
o
o
li
n
g
f
o
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p
h
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to
v
o
lt
a
ic m
o
d
u
les
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
,
”
T
h
e
rm
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
1
P
a
rt
A
,
p
p
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2
3
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-
2
4
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0
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o
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0
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2
2
9
8
/T
S
CI1
5
1
0
0
4
1
4
5
M
.
[1
7
]
W
.
Ns
e
n
g
i
y
u
m
v
,
S
.
G
.
Ch
e
n
,
L
.
Hu
,
a
n
d
X
.
Ch
e
n
,
“
Re
c
e
n
t
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
ts
a
n
d
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
in
so
lar
t
ra
c
k
in
g
s
y
ste
m
s
(S
T
S
):
A
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
”
Ren
e
w.
S
u
st.
E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
.
,
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
202
1
:
184
5
–
185
2
1852
B
I
O
G
RAP
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AUTH
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