Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
4
,
Decem
be
r
2020
, p
p.
1857
~
186
5
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
1
1
.i
4
.
pp
1
857
-
186
5
1857
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Fuzzy l
ogic c
ontrolle
r for
closed l
oop cas
ca
ded fly
back
convert
er fe
d PMDC
-
m
otor s
yste
m
C.
T.
M
an
ik
andan
,
G
.T. Sun
da
rr
ajan
Depa
rtment
o
f
E
le
c
tri
c
al a
nd
Ele
ct
roni
cs
Engi
n
eering,
Sa
thya
b
ama
Insti
tut
e
of
Sc
i
enc
e
and
T
ec
hno
logy,
Ind
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Feb
23
, 20
20
Re
vised
A
pr
26
, 2
0
20
Accepte
d
M
a
y
19
, 20
20
Thi
s
pape
r
d
ispla
ys
a
Fly
B
ac
k
Conver
te
r
ide
a
to
straightforwardly
inc
orpora
te
ca
sc
ade
d
f
lyba
ck
co
nver
te
r
.
Th
e
f
ly
bac
k
-
conv
erter
f
inds
a
way
bet
wee
n
DC
-
source
and
DC
Motor
-
loa
d.
This
work
cove
na
nts
with
th
e
mode
li
ng
,
si
mulati
on
,
and
appl
i
ca
t
ion
of
a
Fuzz
y
Logic
cont
rol
l
ed
(FLC)
-
Casca
ded
Fly
ba
ck
Conv
erter
(CFLB)
sys
te
m
.
T
his
work
rec
o
m
me
nds
FLC
to
cont
ro
l
Par
allel
ca
sc
ade
d
fly
-
bac
k
conve
rt
er
to
fab
r
icate
es
senti
al
DC
volt
ag
e
fro
m
th
e
inpu
t
supply
volt
ag
e.
The
yi
el
d
of
CF
LB
is
cont
ro
lled
uti
lizing
cl
osed
l
oop
conf
iguratio
n.
Closed
loop
P
I
&
Fuzzy
log
ic
cont
rolled
CF
LB
sys
te
ms
are
simu
lated
a
nd
the
ir
resul
ts
are
relate
d
.
Th
e
outc
o
me
s
signify
that
th
e
FLC
base
d
sys
te
m
gav
e
a
supe
rior
response
th
an
the
P.I.
cont
rolled
CF
L
B
sys
te
m.
The
F
LC
cont
ro
ll
ed
C
FLB
sys
te
m
has
bene
fi
ts
li
ke
dec
re
ase
d
st
ea
dy
state
err
or and
e
nhanc
ed
time
do
ma
in
-
r
esponse.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Fly
back Co
nv
erter
Fu
zz
y
lo
gic c
ontr
ol.
PI
c
ontrolle
r
Stabil
it
y
A
naly
sis
Total
H
a
rm
onic
D
ist
ort
ion
(THD)
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
CT.
M
ani
kand
an
,
Dep
a
rteme
nt
of Elec
tric
al
and
Elec
tro
nics E
nginee
rin
g,
Sathy
a
bama
In
sti
tute of
Scie
nc
e an
d
Tec
hnol
ogy,
Chen
nai,
India.
Emai
l:
manika
nd
a
nct@
ya
hoo.com
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Flyb
ac
k
co
nv
erters
we
re
ut
il
iz
ed
f
or
lo
w
f
or
ce
,
high
vo
lt
age
a
pp
li
c
at
ion
s
on
acc
ount
of
it
s
strai
gh
t
forw
a
r
dn
e
ss,
disc
onne
ct
ion
a
nd
sho
rt
ou
t
ins
ur
a
nc
e.
T
he
fly
bac
k
co
nverter
e
nc
oura
ged
bo
t
h
a
dv
a
nce
up
&step
dow
n
the
i
nformat
ion
volt
age,
w
hi
le
keep
in
g
up
a
simi
la
r
gro
und
refe
re
nce
a
nd
e
xtre
mit
y
f
or
i
nfo
and y
ie
ld
.
“A
s
olit
ary
sw
it
ch
ac
-
dc
li
gh
t
emit
ti
ng
diode
(LE
D)
dri
ve
r
dep
e
ndent
on
s
upport
fly
back
P
ow
e
r
Fact
or
Co
rr
ect
ion
(PFC
)
co
nverter
with
a
l
os
sle
ss
snu
bb
e
r”
was
prese
nted
[1].
I
n
the
pro
po
se
d
LE
D
dri
ve
r,
the
bo
os
t
-
P
FC
mod
ule
was
i
nten
ded
to
be
worked
in
t
he
disc
on
ti
nu
ou
s
co
nductio
n
m
od
e
to
acco
mpl
ish
a
powe
rful
fact
or.
T
he
dc
-
dc
fl
yb
ac
k
mod
ule
was
inte
nded
t
o
giv
e
i
nput
yield
el
ect
rical
secl
us
io
n
to
i
m
pro
ve
well
bein
g.
T
he
lossless
S
nubber
ci
rc
uit
br
ac
ed
t
he
p
i
nn
acl
e
volt
age
s
pik
e
of
c
hange
to
a
low
volt
age
a
nd
t
he
sp
il
la
ge
in
duct
or ene
rgy was
reu
se
d
t
hro
ugh t
he dc
-
dc fly
ba
ck
m
odule.
Disp
la
ying
a
nd
e
xaminati
on
of
tra
ns
f
orme
r
le
ss
high
in
crease
bu
c
k
-
boos
t
dc
-
dc
co
nv
e
rters
was
exh
i
bited
by
V
u
[
2]
.
T
his
pa
per
prop
os
e
d
a
tra
ns
f
ormer
-
le
ss
e
xch
a
nged
capaci
tor
BB
C
m
od
el
,
wh
ic
h
gi
ves
higher
vo
lt
age
gai
n
an
d
hi
gher
e
ffi
ci
e
ncy
w
hen
c
on
t
rasted
with
t
he
c
us
t
om
a
ry
BB
C.
T
he
f
ound
t
he
midd
le
value
of
model
dep
e
ndent
on
sta
te
-
sp
ace
de
picti
on
was
e
xa
mined.
Buc
k
boos
t
c
on
tr
ol
of
4q
ua
drant
c
hoppe
r
util
iz
ing
balan
ced im
pedance
arr
a
nge
for fl
exible s
pee
d dr
i
ve was
recom
men
ded by
Da
sh
[3].
The
tra
diti
onal
ICE
represe
nted
a
n
inc
re
dibl
e
risk
t
o
c
onditi
on
beca
us
e
of
inc
reme
nt
in
ta
il
pipe
discha
rg
e
.
T
hi
s
was
the
pr
i
nc
iple
reas
on
that
car
in
du
st
r
y
is
m
ovin
g
t
o
gr
eat
er
co
nd
it
ion
ag
reea
ble
an
d
fina
ncial
ly
sav
vy
a
dvance
s
a
nd
one
su
c
h
in
novatio
n
wa
s
HEV
w
hich
m
ay
f
ulfill
el
ect
ric
fo
rce
nee
d,
veh
ic
l
e
execu
ti
on,
a
nd
highe
r
tra
vele
r
c
om
f
ort
al
on
gs
ide
ex
pa
nd
e
d
sa
fety
[
4]
.
T
he
veh
ic
ular
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
had
a
fe
w
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
1857
–
186
5
1858
po
i
nts
of
intere
st,
f
or
exa
mp
le
,
ex
pa
nd
e
d
pro
fici
ency,
c
onfi
neme
nt,
bette
r
vo
lt
age
gu
i
deline
a
nd
a
dap
ta
bi
li
ty,
con
t
ro
ll
in
g for
ce q
ualit
y
to
ea
ch diffe
re
nt bo
ard,
diminish
e
d weig
ht and
siz
e [
5
-
8].
“
To
po
l
ogy
of
dc
-
dc
c
onve
rte
r
in
s
un
-
ba
sed
PV
-
relev
a
nce's
”
was
gi
ven
by
Nizar
[
9].
Sun
li
gh
t
based
energ
y
as
sume
d
a
si
gn
i
ficant
jo
b
i
n
sust
ai
na
ble
powe
r
source
gen
e
rati
on
fr
a
mew
orks
since
it
was
pe
rf
ect
,
con
ta
mi
natio
n
fr
ee
reas
on
a
bl
e
ene
rgy
j
us
t
as
the
e
xpan
di
ng
co
st
of
power
w
hich
cau
ses
hi
gh
-
dev
el
opment
r
eq
uests a
mon
g uti
li
ty cli
ents. Creato
r
e
xh
i
bi
te
d
I
nv
est
igati
on on parti
cula
r
Fly
bac
k
c
onve
rter
util
iz
ing
PI
a
nd
FLC.
Hi
gh
ad
van
ce
up
propor
ti
on
c
onve
rters
f
or
l
ow
vol
ta
ge
hi
gh
e
bb
and
flo
w
e
nergy
source
s
we
re
these
days
t
he
f
ocal
point
of
an
escal
at
ed
rese
arch
act
io
n
by
t
he
f
or
ce
ga
dg
et
s
netw
ork,
on
acc
ount
of
the
exp
a
ndin
g
ent
hu
sia
s
m
f
or
s
ust
ai
nab
le
po
we
r
source
s
li
ke
tho
s
e
de
pe
nd
e
nt
on
P
V
m
odul
es
and
f
uel
cel
ls.
The
exp
l
or
at
io
n
on
DC
-
DC
powe
r
conve
rters
ha
d
involve
d
ent
husia
sm
for
a
c
on
sidera
ble
le
ng
t
h
of
ti
me
since
this
kind
of
c
onve
r
te
r
can
be
util
iz
ed
in
a
wide
sco
pe
of
util
iz
at
ion
s.
T
he
f
undame
ntal
re
search
was
ce
ntere
d
arou
nd
e
xpa
nd
i
ng
t
he
c
onve
rter
volt
age
gai
n
w
hile
acqu
i
rin
g
a
dece
nt
eff
ect
ive
nes
s
and
unwa
ver
i
ng qu
al
it
y
[10
-
13]
.
Vo
lt
age
mode
con
t
r
ol
of
inco
r
porated
boos
t
-
ar
rangem
ent
par
al
le
l
fl
yb
ac
k
f
or
ene
rgy
-
st
or
a
ge
-
releva
nce's
wa
s
pr
opos
e
d
by
Vija
y
[14].
T
he
f
undame
nta
l
fa
vorab
le
po
sit
ion
of
this
conve
rter
was
hi
gh
dep
e
ndabili
ty,
high
f
or
ce
m
ove
pr
oductivit
y
an
d
ve
ntu
re
up
gain
.
Util
izing
this
t
opology
c
urre
nt
wei
gh
t
on
switc
hes
was
diminis
hed
be
cause
of
pa
rall
el
act
ivit
y.
“A
m
odifie
d
st
ep
-
up
dc
-
dc
fl
yb
ac
k
c
onve
rter
wit
h
act
ive
s
nubber
f
or
im
pro
ved
ef
fici
enc
y”
w
as
propose
d
[
15].
A
m
ong
the
div
e
rse
DC
-
DC
co
nverter
s,
t
he
fly
back
t
opology
was
outst
a
ndin
g
a
nd
broa
dl
y
util
iz
ed.
In
t
his,
a
novel
hig
h
pro
duct
ivit
y
ch
an
ge
d
ad
va
nce
up
DC
-
DC f
l
yb
ac
k
c
onve
rter
wa
s prese
nted.
Creat
or
presen
te
d
no
vel
co
ntr
ol
co
nspires
for
an
I
nterleave
d
Fl
yb
ac
k
c
onver
te
r
base
d
s
unli
gh
t
bas
e
d
PV
s
mall
er
sc
al
e
inv
e
rter
t
o
accom
p
li
sh
hi
gh
pr
oductivit
y.
More
over
,
i
t
add
it
io
nally
l
essens
the
c
on
du
ct
io
n
misfortu
nes
thr
ough
l
ow
cu
rrent
to
p
due
t
o
BC
M
a
nd
e
qu
i
valent
c
urre
nt
sh
ari
ng
betwee
n
t
he
tw
o
co
nv
erter
s
at
the
high
i
nfl
uen
ce
le
vel
[
16
-
19].
Exc
ha
ngin
g
mis
fortu
ne
s,
beca
us
e
of
the
lo
w
rec
ur
ren
ce
act
i
vity
of
t
he
BC
M
at
a
pow
erful
le
vel,
a
re
ad
diti
onal
ly
de
creased
.
W
orkin
g
mode
c
hoic
e
of
t
he
inter
le
aved
in
ver
te
r
at
a
sp
eci
fic
f
orce
le
vel
de
pends
on
t
he
data
of
ideal
pro
fici
ency.
D
efinit
e
com
pu
ta
ti
ons
of
pinnacl
e
c
urre
nt
ref
e
ren
ces
ha
ve
been
c
ompl
et
ed
f
or
the
diff
e
re
nt
w
ork
ing
met
hods
of
t
he
interl
e
aved
fly
bac
k
base
d
micro
-
in
ver
te
r.
Inp
ut
-
series
&
yield
a
rr
a
nge
ment
ass
ociat
ed
meas
ured
sol
it
ay
-
switc
h
fl
yb
ac
k
c
onve
rt
er
w
orki
ng
i
n
the
ir
re
gu
la
r
c
onduct
io
n
m
od
e
wa
s
e
xhibit
ed
by
Fa
us
t
[
20].
‘A
n
el
evated
e
ff
ect
ive
ness
fl
yb
ac
k
micr
o
-
in
ver
te
r
with
an
ot
her
ve
rsati
le
sn
ub
be
r
f
or
PV
-
rele
va
nce’
s
’
was
re
comme
nded
by
Lee
[21].
A
n
eval
uatio
n
be
tween
diff
e
re
nt
snu
bbers
for
fly
back
co
nv
e
rters
wa
s
prese
nted
[22
-
23].
Se
ver
al
stud
ie
s
[
24
-
27
]
ha
ve
s
uggeste
d
th
a
t
the
im
portance
of
po
wer
fact
or
in
power
el
ect
ronics
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
an
d
the
imp
r
ov
e
ment
of
power
facto
r
t
o
be
carried
out
peri
od
ic
al
ly.
In
thi
s
work,
t
he
ste
ady
sta
te
a
ct
iv
it
y
of
each
s
nu
bb
e
r
ci
rc
uit
w
as
cl
arifie
d
in
detai
l
and
bro
ke
dow
n,
the
aftere
ff
e
ct
s
of
t
he
in
ves
ti
gation
was
ut
il
iz
ed
to
make
a
strat
eg
y
f
or
t
he
pla
n
of
ke
y
par
ts,
and the tec
hniq
ue was
disp
la
ye
d wit
h
a
struct
ur
e
m
od
el
.
2.
RESEA
R
CH GAP
Ther
e
is
a
nee
d
to
im
prov
e
the
dynamic
re
sp
onse
of
CL
F
B
Sy
ste
m
.
T
he
ab
ov
e
pap
e
rs
do
not
ta
lk
about
e
nhanc
e
ment
of
dyna
mic
res
ponse
of
CL
FB
s
ys
te
m
us
in
g
PI
/F
L
co
ntr
ollers.
T
he
a
bove
li
te
ra
ture
does
no
t
deal
with
com
par
is
on
of
PI
an
d
FL
c
on
t
ro
ll
ed
CL
-
CLFB
S.
T
his
work
s
uggests
FLC
for
t
he
con
t
ro
l
of CL
-
CLFB
S.
3.
SY
STE
M DESC
RIPTIO
N
Bl
ock
-
diag
ram
of
O
pe
n
Lo
op
fl
y
bac
k
co
nv
erter
sy
ste
m
is
ex
pose
d
i
n
Fi
gure.
1.
T
he
yi
el
d
of
P
V
is
al
te
red
t
o
DC
util
iz
ing
Ca
s
caded
Fl
yback
I
nverter
(C
FI).
The
yield
of
CF
I
is
recti
f
ie
d
us
in
g
co
nt
ro
ll
ed
recti
fier
(CR). T
he
yield
of C
R i
s appli
ed
t
o t
he
DC
Moto
r.
Figure
1. Bl
oc
k diag
ram of
open
lo
op
CFB
CS
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
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ow Elec
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ys
t
IS
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694
Fuzz
y
lo
gic controll
er fo
r clo
sed
l
oop
c
as
c
aded
fl
yba
c
k c
onvert
er fed
…
(
C.T.
M
anik
andan
)
1859
Bl
ock
dia
gr
a
m
of
cl
ose
d
-
L
oop
casca
de
d
fly
back
c
onve
rter
sy
ste
m
is
ex
pose
d
in
Fig
ure.
2.
T
he
spe
ed
of
P
M
DC
M
is
relat
ed
with
a
ref
e
re
nce
s
pe
ed.
The
flaw
is
prag
mati
c
to
a
P
I/FL
-
co
ntr
oller.
T
he
-
yi
el
d
o
f
com
par
at
or
up
dates the
P
W
a
pp
li
ed
to
CR
.
Figure
2. Bl
oc
k
-
diag
ram o
f
c
losed
-
lo
op
-
CF
BC
S w
it
h PI
a
nd FLC c
ontr
ol
le
r
4.
SIMULATI
O
N RESULTS
The
Ci
rcu
it
ob
ta
ined
from
Ma
tl
ab
Sim
ulink
en
vir
onme
nt
i
s
dis
playe
d
be
low.
‘Circ
uit
-
di
agr
am
of
-
CFB
CS with
-
s
ource
distu
rb
a
nce’ i
s appea
re
d
in
Fig
ure
3.
Figure
3. Ci
rcui
t
-
diagr
a
m
of
CFB
CS with
s
ource
-
distu
rb
a
nce
Inp
ut
vo
lt
age
of
CFB
CS
is
di
sp
la
ye
d
i
n
Fig
ur
e
4
a
nd
it
s
va
lue
rises
from
48
V
t
o
50
V
ol
ts.
V
oltag
e
acro
s
s
m
otor
l
oad
of
C
FBC
S
is
ap
pea
red
in
Fig
ur
e
5
a
nd
it
s
value
set
tl
es
at
42
0
vo
lt
s.
Current
t
hro
ugh
m
otor
load
of
C
FBC
S
is
dis
playe
d
in
Fi
gure
6
an
d
it
s
val
ue
is
8.5
Am
p.
M
ot
or
s
peed
of
C
FBC
S
is
delin
eat
ed
in
Figure
7
an
d
it
s
val
ue
is
14
00
RP
M
.
Moto
r
Torq
ue
res
ponse
of
C
FBC
S
i
s
ap
pea
red
in
Figure
8
an
d
it
s
val
ue
is 9.5
N
-
m.
Ci
rcu
it
diag
ra
m
of
-
cl
os
ed
-
lo
op
-
CFB
CS
with
P
I
-
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
is
disp
la
yed
i
n
Fig
ure
9.
T
he
s
peed
of
PM
DCM
is
re
la
te
d
with
a
s
et
-
sp
ee
d.
T
he
flaw
is
pr
a
gma
ti
c
to
a
P.I.
-
c
on
t
ro
ll
er.
Th
e
-
yield
of
c
omp
arato
r
updates t
he
P
W
a
pp
li
ed
to
CR
in
the
2
ndary
of CFBC
S.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
1857
–
186
5
1860
Figure
4.
I
nput
volt
age
of CF
BC
S
Figure
5.
V
oltage ac
ro
s
s m
otor loa
d of CFB
CS
Figure
6.
Cu
rr
e
nt th
rou
gh m
oto
r
loa
d of
C
FBC
S
Figure
7.
Moto
r
s
peed o
f
CFB
CS
Figure
8.
Moto
r
to
rque
of CF
BC
S
Figure
9. Ci
rcui
t diagr
a
m
of close
d
lo
op CFB
CS with
PI co
nt
ro
ll
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Fuzz
y
lo
gic controll
er fo
r clo
sed
l
oop
c
as
c
aded
fl
yba
c
k c
onvert
er fed
…
(
C.T.
M
anik
andan
)
1861
Inp
ut
vo
lt
age
of
CL
-
PI
-
CFB
CS
is
disp
la
ye
d
i
n
Fig
ur
e
10
an
d
it
s
val
ue
is
50
V
olts.
V
oltage
ac
r
os
s
mo
to
r
l
oad
of
CL
-
PI
-
CFB
CS
is
dis
playe
d
i
n
Fi
gure
11
a
nd
is
value
is
400
volt
s.
C
urre
nt
th
rou
gh
m
oto
r
loa
d
of
CL
-
PI
-
CFB
CS
is
delineat
ed
in
Fig
ure
12
an
d
it
s
val
ue
is
8.
5
Amp.
M
ot
or
s
pee
d
of
CL
-
PI
-
CFB
CS
is
disp
la
yed
i
n
Fi
gure
13
a
nd
it
s
value
is
1250
RPM.
Moto
r
T
orq
ue
of
CL
-
PI
-
CFB
CS
res
ponse
is
dis
play
ed
in
Figure
14 a
nd it
s v
al
ue
is 9.8
N
-
m.
Figure
10. In
put
volt
age
of C
L
-
PI
-
CFB
CS
Figure
11.
V
oltage ac
ro
s
s m
ot
or loa
d of
CL
-
PI
-
CFB
CS
Figure
12. C
urren
t t
hroug
h
m
otor loa
d of C
L
-
PI
-
CFB
CS
Figure
13. M
oto
r
sp
ee
d o
f
CL
-
PI
-
CFB
CS
Figure
14. M
oto
r
tor
que
of CL
-
PI
-
CFB
CS
Ci
rcu
it
diagr
a
m
of
cl
ose
d
-
loop
-
CFB
CS
w
it
h
FL
c
on
t
ro
l
le
r
is
dis
playe
d
i
n
Fig
ur
e
15.
A
F
uzz
y
-
con
t
ro
ll
er
subs
ti
tutes t
he
PI
-
c
on
t
ro
ll
er i
n
the
p
re
cedi
ng sy
st
em. T
he
s
pee
d of
P
M
DC
M
is
relat
ed wit
h w
anted
-
sp
ee
d.
The
fla
w
is
prag
mati
c
to
a
FL
c
on
t
r
oller.
The
yields
of
2
c
ompar
at
or
s
up
date
th
e
pulse
widt
h
app
li
ed
to CR i
n
t
he
se
conda
ries of C
FBC
S.
Inp
ut
volt
age
of
CL
-
FL
-
CF
BC
S
is
disp
la
ye
d
i
n
Fi
gure
16
a
nd
it
s
value
is
55
V
olts.
V
oltage
ac
r
oss
mo
to
r
loa
d
of
CL
-
FL
-
CFB
CS
is
disp
la
yed
in
Fig
ur
e
17
a
nd
is
value
is
400
volt
s.
C
urre
nt
thr
ough
m
ot
or
l
oad
of
C
L
-
FL
-
CF
BC
S
is
deline
at
ed
in
Fig
ur
e
18
a
nd
it
s
val
ue
is
8.5
Amp
.
Moto
r
s
pee
d
of
CL
-
FL
-
C
F
BC
S
is
disp
la
yed
in
Fi
gure
19
a
nd
it
s
val
ue
reac
he
s
12
50
RP
M
without
a
ny
osc
il
la
ti
on
s.
M
ot
or
T
orqu
e
of
CL
-
FL
-
CFB
CS res
ponse
is d
is
playe
d i
n
Fig
ure
20 and its
value
is
9.8 N
-
m.
Time
(
s
)
Current
(A)
Time
(
s
)
Sp
ee
d
(RPM)
Time
(
s
)
Torq
ue
(N
-
m)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
1857
–
186
5
1862
Figure
15. Circ
uit diag
ram
of
cl
os
ed
lo
op CF
BC
S w
it
h FL c
on
t
ro
ll
er
Figure
16. In
put vo
lt
age
of CL
-
FL
-
CFB
CS
Figure
17. V
oltage ac
ro
s
s m
ot
or loa
d of
CL
-
FL
-
CFB
CS
Figure
18. C
urren
t t
hroug
h
m
otor loa
d
of C
L
-
FL
-
CFB
CS
Figure
19. M
oto
r
sp
ee
d o
f
CL
-
FL
-
CFB
CS
Figure
20. M
oto
r
tor
que
of CL
-
FL
-
CFB
CS
Time
(
s
)
Vo
lt
age
(V)
Vo
lt
age
(V)
Time
(
s
)
Sp
ee
d
(RPM)
Time
(
s
)
Torq
ue
(N
-
m)
Time
(
s
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Fuzz
y
lo
gic controll
er fo
r clo
sed
l
oop
c
as
c
aded
fl
yba
c
k c
onvert
er fed
…
(
C.T.
M
anik
andan
)
1863
Com
par
is
on
of
ti
me
domain
par
a
mete
rs
base
d
CFB
CS
us
i
ng
PI
a
nd
FL
c
ontr
oller
are
gi
ve
n
in
Ta
ble
1.
B
y
usi
ng
-
F
LC,
th
e
-
rise
-
ti
me
is
r
edu
ce
d
f
r
om
1.
65
Sec
t
o
0.8
5Sec
;
the
-
pea
k
-
ti
me
is
re
du
ce
d
f
rom
2.66
Sec
t
o
1.5
0
Sec;
t
he
-
s
et
tl
ing
-
ti
me
is
re
duced
f
rom
2.76
Sec
to
1.8
2
Se
c;
the
-
ste
a
dy
-
st
at
e
-
error
is
reduced
from 3.
3 V t
o 0.9
V.
‘
Ba
r
ch
a
rt
-
co
mp
a
rison
of
-
ti
me
-
domain
-
par
a
mete
rs
’
i
s d
is
playe
d
in
Figure
21.
Table
1.
C
omp
ariso
n of t
ime
domain
pa
ram
et
ers
ba
sed
CF
BC
sy
ste
ms
Co
n
troller
T
r
(
Sec)
T
p
(
Sec)
T
s
(
Sec)
Ess
PI
1
.65
2
.66
2
.76
3
.3
FLC
0
.85
1
.50
1
.82
0
.9
Figure
21. Ba
r
char
t c
ompa
rison
of ti
me
dom
ai
n
pa
ramete
rs
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
w
ork
deal
s
with
Cl
os
ed
-
l
oop
P
I
&
Fu
z
z
y
l
og
ic
c
on
t
ro
ll
ed
C
FLB
sy
ste
ms.
Th
e
s
pee
d
of
CFLB
S
is
re
gu
la
te
d
us
ing
cl
os
e
d
l
oop
c
onfig
urat
io
n.
Cl
os
e
d
lo
op
PI
&
F
uzzy
l
og
ic
co
ntr
olled
CFLB
s
ys
te
ms
a
re
simul
at
ed
.
The
respo
ns
e
of
f
uzzy
l
og
ic
c
ontr
ol
CL
-
CFB
CS
is
com
pared
with
co
nve
ntion
al
P
r
oport
ion
al
-
In
te
gr
al
(P
I
)
c
on
t
ro
ll
ed
in
a
CL
-
CFB
CS.
T
he
F
LC
ha
s
mi
nimum
ov
e
rs
hoot
&pr
oduces
co
ns
ta
nt
yield
cu
rr
e
nt
&
vo
lt
age
s.
I
n
the
case
of
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
s
ame
c
hanges
obta
ined
.
From
these
data
it
c
an
be
i
nf
e
r
t
ha
t
the
set
tl
in
g
ti
me
is
reduce
d
f
rom
the
ra
ng
e
of
2.76
se
co
nds
to
1.82
se
co
nds,
wh
ic
h
w
ould
i
mpro
ve
the
sta
bili
ty
of
the s
ys
te
m
with
fu
zz
y
l
og
ic
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
platf
orm t
han a P
I
c
ontr
oller p
la
tf
or
m.
Con
tri
bu
ti
on
of
this
work
is
to
imp
r
ov
e
dyna
mic
res
ponse
of
the
CFL
B
with
fee
dba
ck
s
ys
te
m.
Pr
op
os
e
d
CFL
B
sy
ste
m
has
a
dv
a
ntage
s
li
ke
high
powe
r
ca
pab
il
it
y
a
nd
im
pro
ved
ti
me
do
main
respo
ns
e.
The
requireme
nt
of
2tra
ns
f
ormer
s
and
4M
OS
FE
Ts
is
the
dr
a
w
back
of
pr
opose
d
CFLB
s
ys
te
m.
T
he
S
M
C
base
d
CFLB
sy
ste
m
will
b
e sim
ulate
d
in
futu
re
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
S.W
.
L
ee
,
H.
L. Do,
"A
Singl
e
-
Sw
it
ch
AC
-
DC L
ED
Drive
r
Base
d
on
a
Boost
-
Flybac
k
PF
C
Conve
rte
r
with
Lossles
s
Snubber,
"
IE
EE
Tr
ansacti
on
on
Powe
r E
le
c
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vol
.
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-
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2017.
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Vu
Tra
n,
Mufee
dMah
D,
“Mode
li
ng
and
Analysi
s
of
Tr
ansform
er
le
ss
High
Ga
in
Buck
-
boost
DC
-
DC
Convert
ers”
,
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of Powe
r
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Dr
iv
e
Syst
ems
,
v
ol
4,
no
4
,
pp
.
52
8
-
537,
2014
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[3]
Sasw
at
iSwapna
Dash
and
Byamake
shN
aya
k
,
“B
uck
-
Boost
Contr
ol
of
Four
Quad
ran
t
Chopper
usi
ng
Symme
tr
ic
a
l
Impe
dan
ce
Net
work
for
Adjust
abl
e
Speed
Driv
e”
,
In
te
rnationa
l
Journal
of
Pow
er
E
le
c
tronic
s
a
nd
Dr
iv
e
S
yste
m
s
,
pp.
424
-
432
,
20
14.
[4]
Atul
Kum
ar
and
Prerna
G
aur
,
“O
per
ation
o
f
DC/
DC
Converter
fo
r
H
ybrid
E
le
c
tric
Vehi
cle”
,
In
te
rn
ati
onal
Journal
of
E
le
c
tronic an
d
Elec
tri
cal E
ng
ine
ering
,
ISS
N 0
974
-
2174,
vol
7,
no
4
(2014), pp. 335
-
340.
[5]
NooriBawi
Daw
ood,
“Re
v
ie
w
o
f
Diffe
ren
t
DC
to
DC
Conver
ters
Based
for
Re
newa
ble
Ene
rgy
Appli
ca
t
ions”,
Inte
rnational
R
e
s
earc
h
Journal
of
Engi
n
ee
ring
a
nd
Technol
og
y,
e
-
ISS
N:
2395
-
0
056,
vol
03
Iss
ue:
03
|
Mar
-
2016
ww
w.i
rje
t.
n
et p
-
ISS
N:
2395
-
0072.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
1857
–
186
5
1864
[6]
OzwinDominc
Ds
ouza
,
Manjun
at
haB
abu
P,
B
a
buNaik
G,
Shi
l
pa
G,
“7.
5
W
C
urre
nt
Mode
Co
ntrol
of
Isolated
Flybac
k
Conver
te
r
”
,
Int
ern
ation
al
Journal
o
f
In
formativ
e
&
Futur
isti
c
R
ese
arch
(IJ
IFR
)
,
vol
-
3,
Iss
ue
-
7,
Mar
2016,
Cont
inuou
s 31st
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p:2634
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2648,
IS
SN
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169.
[7]
Nisha
Kasundra,
Ankit
Kumar
,
“
Design
and
Sim
ula
ti
on
of
Flyba
ck
Conve
rte
r
in
MA
TL
AB
using
PID
Controller
”,
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Jo
urnal
of
Adv
an
c
ed
Re
search
in
El
e
ct
rica
l,
El
e
ctr
onic
s
and
Instrum
ent
ati
on
Enginee
ring
,
Vol
.
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Iss
ue
2,
Feb
201
6.
[8]
MediPal
la
v
i,
S.
L
.
V
Srava
n
Kum
ar,
N.
Ravi
shank
ar
R
eddy,
“In
te
g
rat
ed
Boost
Para
ll
el
Flyba
ck
Con
ver
te
r
for
Multi
Loa
d
Applicat
io
ns”,
In
te
rnat
ion
al
Journal
o
f
In
novat
i
ve
Techno
logy
and
Ex
p
loring
Engi
ne
ering
(IJ
ITE
E)
ISS
N:
2278
-
3075,
vol
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Mar
2019.
[9]
Nor
Hanisa
hBah
aru
din,
Tunku
Muhamm
ad
Niz
ar
Tunku
Mansu
r,
Far
iruz
Abdul
Hami
d,
Rosnaz
ri
Ali
,
Muha
mm
a
d
Irwant
o
Misrun
,
"Topol
ogy
of
DC
-
DC
Convert
er
in
Solar
PV
Applic
a
ti
ons
”,
I
ndonesia
n
Journ
al
o
f
Elec
tri
cal
Engi
ne
ering
and
compute
r S
cien
ce
,
vol
.
8,
no.
2
,
Nov 2017.
[10]
V.Jai
krishna
,
Subranhsus
ekha
r
D
ash,
L
inssTAlex
&
R.
Sridh
ar
,
"In
vesti
gation
on
m
odula
r
Fly
-
ba
ck
conve
rt
er
using
PI a
nd
Fuzz
y
Lo
gic
Con
tro
llers"
,
Inte
rnat
ional
Jo
urnal
of Ambie
nt
Ene
rgy
,
pp
1
-
10
,
Jun
2017
[11]
G.
Spia
zz
i
,
P.
M
at
t
ave
l
li
,
J.
R
Ga
zol
i
,
R
.
Mag
al
h
a
es
,
G.
Frat
ti
ni
.
"Improve
d
Inte
gr
a
te
d
Boost
-
Flyb
a
ck
High
Step
up
Convert
er
”,
201
0
IEEE
In
te
rnati
onal
Conf
ere
nce on
Industrial
Te
chnol
ogy
.
[12]
GurkanT
osun,
O
me
r
Cih
anKiva
n
c,
Ende
rOgux,
O
zgur
Us
tun
and
R
.
Nej
at
Tun
ca
y
.
"
Deve
lopment
of
high
eff
i
cienc
y
mul
ti
-
ou
tput
Fl
ybac
k
Conv
ert
e
r
for
Industri
al
Applicati
ons"
,
9
th
Int
ernati
on
al
Confe
ren
ce
on
Elec
tri
cal
a
nd
El
e
ct
ronics
Enginee
ring (
ELECO),
2015
[13]
S.L
.
V
Srava
n
Kumar
,
Dr.
N.
R
a
vishanka
r
R
eddy
,
Dr.
M.
Vija
y
Kumar
,
"Q
uasi
sw
it
ch
ed
c
apa
c
it
or
int
egr
at
ed
boost
serie
s
p
arall
e
l
fl
y
-
bac
k
conv
erter
for
ene
rgy
stora
ge
applications,
"
Journal
of
adva
nce
d
research
in
dynamic
al
and
cont
rol sy
st
ems
,
vol.
9
.
2017
.
[14]
Srava
n
Kum
ar
S.L
.
V
,
R
avi
Sank
a
r
Reddy
.
N,
Vijay
Kumar
.
M,
"
V
olt
ag
e
Mode
Co
ntrol
of
In
te
gr
ated
Boost
Seri
es
Para
llel
Fly
-
Ba
ckt
er
for
En
er
gy
Storage
Ap
pli
c
at
ions",
1
st
i
nte
rnational
co
nfe
renc
e
on
po
wer
engi
ne
erin
g
computi
ng
and
c
ontrol
P
ECCON
-
2017
,2
-
4
Mar
2
017,
VIT
U
nive
r
sity,
Ch
enna
i
Ca
mpus.
[15]
Cristi
an
Pesce
,
J
avi
er
Ri
ede
m
an
n,
Rub
en
Pen
a,
We
rne
r
Jar
a,
Ca
mi
lo
Maury
and
Rodrigo
Villalo
bos,
“A
Modified
Step
-
Up
DC
-
DC
Flyba
ck
Con
ver
te
r
wi
th
Active
Snubber
fo
r
Improve
d
Eff
ic
i
enc
y”
,
En
ergie
s
2019
,
12
,
2066
;
doi:
10.
3390
/e
n1
2112066.
[16]
Lodh.
T
,
Prag
alla
pat
i
.
N,
Ag
arwa
l
.
V,
“Nove
l
Con
tr
ol
Sche
me
for
a
n
Interle
ave
d
Fl
ybac
k
Converter
Based
Solar
PV
Micro
inv
ert
e
r
t
o
Achie
v
e
High
Eff
icienc
y
”,
IE
E
E
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Indusr
ial
App
li
cations
,
pp
347
3
–
3482,
2018
.
[17]
S
hen.
C
,
Chiu.
P
,
“Buc
k
-
boost
-
f
l
ybac
k
integra
te
d
conv
ert
e
r
wi
th
single
sw
it
ch
to
a
chi
ev
e
h
igh
voltage
gai
n
for
PV
or
fue
l
-
cell appli
ca
t
ions”,
IET
Po
wer
Elec
troni
cs
,
vol.
9,
pp
1228
–
1
237,
2016
.
[18]
Cheng.
H,
Chan
g.
Y,
Ch
ang.
C
,
Hs
ie
h.
S,
Ch
eng.C,
“A
Novel
Hi
gh
-
Pow
er
-
Fact
or
AC/DC
L
ED
Drive
r
with
Du
al
Flybac
k
Conv
erters”,
IEEE
Journal
of
Eme
rging
and
Se
lecte
d
Topics
in
Powe
r
El
e
ct
ronics
,
vol
7,
pp
555
–
564
,
2019.
[19]
Tseng.
S.
Y
,
Hu
ang.
P.J.
Wu.
D.H
,
“Power
Fac
tor
Corre
ct
or
with
Bridg
el
ess
Fly
bac
k
Conver
te
r
for
DC
Loa
ds
Applic
a
ti
ons”,
v
ol
11,
En
ergie
s
2018
.
[20]
Pagli
osa.
M,
F
au
st.R,
L
azza
r
in.
T
,
Barbi
.
I
,
“In
put
-
serie
s
and
ou
tpu
t
-
serie
s
conn
ecte
d
modul
ar
sing
l
e
-
sw
it
ch
flyb
ac
k
conve
rt
er
op
era
t
i
ng
in the
disc
ont
inuous
conducti
on
mode”,
IET
P
ower
Elec
troni
cs
,
vol
9,
pp
1962
–
1970,
2016.
[21]
Rez
a
ei
.
M
,
Lee.K
,
Huang
,
A,
“A
High
-
Eff
i
cien
cy
Flyb
ac
k
Mic
ro
-
inve
rt
er
With
a
New
Adapt
i
ve
Snubber
for
Photovolt
aic
Ap
pli
c
at
ions”
,
I
EEE
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Powe
r
Elec
tr
onic
s
,
vo
l
31
,
pp
318
–
327,
2016
.
[22]
Dong.
M,
Ti
an
.
X,
L
i.
L,
Son
g.
D
,
Wa
ng
.
L
,
Zh
ao.
M,
“Mode
l
-
Based
Curr
e
nt
Shar
ing
Approac
h
for
DCM
Inte
rl
ea
ved
Flyb
ac
k
Mi
cro
-
Inve
r
t
er”
,
vol
11,
En
ergie
s 2018
.
[23]
Algani
di
,
A,
“
A
Compa
r
ison
be
twee
n
Diff
e
ren
t
Snubbers
for
Flyba
ck
Co
nver
te
rs”
,
Mas
t
er’
s
Th
esis,
Th
e
Univer
sity
of
We
stern
Ontar
i
o,
London
,
ON
,
Can
ada,
2017
.
Avai
la
b
le
onl
ine
:
htt
ps:
//
ir
.
li
b
.
uwo.ca/etd/515
3
(ac
c
essed
on
22
May
2019).
[24]
V.
SenthilNaya
gam
,
G.
T.
Sun
dar
Rajan
and
V.
Ba
la
subram
anian,
“Im
prov
ed
Pow
er
Fact
or
at
Input
Stag
e
of
Pse
udoboost
Rec
ti
fi
er
with
Impr
oved
Sw
it
chi
ng
Patt
ern
”,
In
te
rn
ati
onal
Journal
of
Appl
i
ed
Eng
i
nee
ring
R
ese
arc
h,
vol
10,
no
6
,
201
5,
pp
.
5158
–
51
64.
ISS
N 0973
-
4562.
[25]
R.
Hem
apr
it
hn
i
and
G.
T
.
Sundar
Raj
an
,
“
Three
L
eve
l
Inte
gr
ated
AC
to
DC
Conv
ert
er
fed
DC
Dri
ve
wi
th
C
asc
ad
e
d
fil
ter”,
In
te
rnati
onal
Journal
o
f
Appl
ie
d
Engi
ne
e
ring
R
ese
arch
,
v
ol
10
,
no
6
,
201
5,
pp
.
5140
–
51
46.
ISS
N
0973
-
4562.
[26]
G.
T
.
SundarR
ajan,
“Power
Qua
l
it
y
I
mprove
m
ent
at
Input
and
Ou
tput
St
age
s
of
T
hre
e
Phase
Diod
e
Re
ct
i
fie
r
using
Artifi
c
ia
l
Intell
i
gent
T
ec
hn
iques
for
DC
and
AC
Drive
Ap
pli
c
at
ions”
,
IE
E
E
Inte
rnat
ional
Confe
renc
e
o
n
Computati
onal
Inte
lligen
ce
and
Computing
Res
earc
h
(ICCIC
-
2014)
,
PA
RK
Coll
eg
e
of
Engi
ne
eri
ng
an
d
Te
khnology
,
Coi
mba
tor
e, T
a
mi
ln
adu,
IND
IA,
pp.
904
–
909
,
De
c 18 t
o
20
,
201
4.
[27]
D.
Jaya
nthy
,
G.
T.
SundarRa
ja
n
,
“A
Novel
Unity
Pow
er
Fact
or
at
Input
Stage
of
Vienna
Re
ct
if
ie
r
for
Wi
nd
En
erg
y
Conversion
Sys
t
em
Us
ing
Fuzz
y
Logic”
,
Inte
rn
ati
onal
Journal
of
App
lied
Enginee
ring
Re
searc
h
,
vo
l
10
,
no
6
,
2015,
pp
.
5650
–
5655.
ISS
N 0973
-
456
2.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Fuzz
y
lo
gic controll
er fo
r clo
sed
l
oop
c
as
c
aded
fl
yba
c
k c
onvert
er fed
…
(
C.T.
M
anik
andan
)
1865
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
C.
T.
Man
ika
nd
an
com
p
le
t
ed
B
.
E
.
at
VRS
co
ll
eg
e
of
Engg
&Tec
h
aff
iliated
to
Ann
a
Univer
si
ty
in
2005
and
ME
a
t
CEG
campus,
Anna
Univer
sity
in
2009
and
u
nder
going
PhD
at
Sathy
aba
m
a
Instit
ute
of
Sc
ience
and
T
ec
hno
l
ogy.
He
has
pub
l
ished
few
p
ape
r
s
in
nationa
l
an
d
int
e
rna
t
iona
l
journa
ls
and
co
nfe
rnc
es
.
Present
ly
he
is
workin
g
as
As
socia
t
e
Profess
or
in
the
Depa
rt
me
nt
of
EE
E
a
t
Panimal
ar
Inst
it
ut
e
of
Te
chno
logy,
Che
nnai
.
He
h
as
a
t
ota
l
t
each
ing
ex
per
ie
n
ce
of
11
yea
rs.His
areas
of
in
te
rest
are
E
le
c
tri
c
al
Mac
h
in
es,
Elec
tro
mgne
t
ic
the
ory
,
Pow
er
E
le
c
tronics
&
Drive
s a
nd
Pow
er
Sys
te
ms.
G.
T.
Sundar
R
aj
an
born
in
T
ir
unel
ve
li
Distri
ct,
Tamil
n
adu
Sta
te
,
Ind
ia
in
197
5,
recei
v
ed
B.
E
.
degr
ee
in
Elec
t
r
ic
a
l
and
E
le
c
tro
nic
s
Eng
ine
er
in
g
from
the
Univ
ersit
y
of
Madra
s
and
the
M.E
.
degr
ee
in
Pow
er
Elec
tron
ic
s
and
Industrial
Driv
e
s
and
Ph.
D.
f
ro
m
th
e
Sathy
abama
Univ
ersit
y
,
Chenna
i
,
Indi
a
i
n
1997,
2007
an
d
2
014
respe
ct
i
vel
y.
He
h
as
pu
bli
shed
f
ew
tech
nic
a
l
pap
ers
in
int
ern
at
ion
al
a
nd
national
jo
urna
ls
and
co
nfe
ren
c
es.
Presentl
y
he
is
w
orking
as
an
As
socia
te
Profes
sor
in
the
De
par
tment
of
E
EE
a
t
Sathya
b
am
a
Inst
it
ut
e
o
f
Scie
nc
e
and
Tc
hnology
,
Ch
e
nnai
.
He
has
a
t
ota
l
teac
h
ing
ex
per
ie
n
ce
of
14
yea
rs.
His
ar
ea
s
of
int
er
est
are
power
quality
i
mprove
m
ent
,
ha
rmoni
cs
r
eductio
n,
AC
and
DC dr
ive
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.