Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
s
(
IJ
PEDS
)
Vo
l.
12
,
No.
1
,
M
a
r 202
1
, p
p.
29
~
40
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v12.i
1
.
pp
29
-
40
29
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Compari
son and
a
ssessm
ent of
a di
fferent
steel
materi
als
b
ase
d
on core
l
osses
reductio
n for t
hree
-
phase
ind
uction m
otor
Ya
se
r Att
a Y
assi
n
,
Ali N
as
se
r Huss
ain
,
N
agh
am Yassi
n
Ah
med
Middle
Te
chn
ica
l
Univer
si
ty
,
Ele
ct
ri
ca
l
Eng
ine
er
i
ng
Techni
c
al Co
ll
eg
e
,
Baghda
d
,
Ira
q
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
J
ul
2
1
, 2
0
20
Re
vised
Jan
1
8
, 202
1
Accepte
d
Fe
b 2, 2
021
Thi
s
pap
er
pre
se
nts
a
cor
e
losses
and
per
for
ma
n
c
e
ca
l
cul
a
ti
on
wit
h
diff
ere
nt
type
of
steel
m
a
te
ri
al
s
in
the
cor
e
d
esign
for
thr
e
e
-
phase
indu
ct
io
n
mo
tor
by
using
"A
N
SY
S
Maxwel
l"
progr
am
in
orde
r
to
i
dent
ify
th
e
cor
e
ma
t
eri
a
l
that
provide
s
the
m
ost
eff
ectiv
e
p
e
rform
ance
by
i
ron
losses
red
u
ct
ion
.
The
coe
ffi
ci
en
ts
of
c
ore
losses
ar
e
c
al
cu
la
t
ed
from
t
he
ma
gn
etizatio
n
cur
ve
an
d
cor
e
Loss
cur
v
e
base
d
on
th
e
on
stee
l
ma
t
er
ia
l
d
at
ab
ase
s.
A
lt
hough
the
diffi
cu
lt
to
ob
ta
i
n
bec
ause
of
th
e
li
ttle
of
exi
st
ing
inform
a
ti
o
n.
Re
sults
show
the
ca
pab
il
i
ty
o
f
the
proposed
Cobal
t
st
eel
(H
ipe
rco
50)
to
a
chi
ev
e
th
e
signifi
c
ant
losse
s
red
uc
ti
on
in
c
ompa
rison
to
th
e
E
lectr
i
cal
St
eel
NG
O
–
AK
Stee
l’s
M
-
19
an
d
Low
Carb
on
S
te
e
l
–
SA
E1020
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
An
s
ys Ma
xwel
l
C
or
e l
os
ses
cur
ve
M
a
gn
et
iz
at
ion
curve
T
hr
ee
phase
in
du
ct
io
n mot
or
T
hr
ee
ty
pes of
ste
el
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ali Nasse
r H
ussa
in
Dep
a
rtme
nt of
Ele
ct
rical
Pow
er
E
ng
i
neer
i
ng
Tech
niques
Ele
ct
rical
En
gi
neer
i
ng
Tec
hn
i
cal
Colle
ge
M
id
dle Tec
hnic
al
U
ni
ver
sit
y
, B
aghda
d,
Ir
a
q
Emai
l:
al
inasser19
74@y
a
hoo.
com
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Durin
g
the
rec
ent
yea
rs,
the
i
nductio
n
m
otors
(
IM)
are
util
iz
ed,
instea
d
of
the
DC
m
otors,
in
m
an
y
diff
e
re
nt
a
pp
li
cat
ion
s
inclu
di
ng
domesti
c
a
nd
in
dustria
l
use
s
s
uc
h
as
he
at
pum
ps
,
wind
ge
ner
at
or
,
te
xtil
e
mil
ls,
machine
too
ls,
tra
nsposi
ti
on
,
ai
r
c
onditi
on
e
rs,
a
nd
rob
otics
[
1
]
-
[
4].
I
n
or
der
to
make
the
i
nduc
ti
on
mo
to
rs
ope
rate,
the
re
is
no
ne
ed
f
or
sli
din
g
c
on
ta
ct
s
or
pe
r
mane
nt
mag
ne
ts,
wh
ic
h
make
them
t
oo
sim
pl
e
an
d
hav
e
l
ow
ma
nufact
ur
in
g
c
os
t
[5
]
-
[
8].
With
li
tt
le
excep
ti
on
s,
t
he
el
ect
ric
mo
to
rs
a
re
c
on
si
der
e
d
t
he
major
so
urce
of
the
mecha
nical
en
ergy
s
upplies
i
n
in
dustr
y.
Al
ong
man
y
yea
r
s,
in
duct
ion
m
otors
wer
e
co
nsi
der
e
d
as
the
w
ork
hor
se
in
industr
y.
M
ost
of
t
hese
mo
to
rs
that
use
d
in
in
dustr
y
are
la
rg
el
y
th
re
e
-
phase.
H
ow
e
ver,
in
small
po
wer
industries
,
si
ngle
phas
e
mac
hi
nes
a
re
s
o
co
mmon
[
9].
M
a
ny
ty
pes
of
i
nductio
n
mac
hin
es
a
r
e
pr
ese
nted
in
t
he
market
s
with
var
i
ou
s
po
wer
s
r
a
ng
i
ng from s
ever
al
watt
s up
to
me
ga
watt
s.
Desp
it
e
in
duct
ion
mo
t
or
s
ha
ve
eas
y
desig
n
as
co
mp
a
re
t
o
a
DC
mo
to
r
s,
but
it
has
low
ef
fici
enc
y
bec
au
se
of
high
los
ses.
The
reducin
g
of
ir
on
losses
is
c
on
si
der
e
d
one
of
the
main
po
i
nts
that
relat
ed
f
or
impro
ving
the
pe
rformance
and
de
vel
op
i
ng
the
f
uture
of
these
mac
hi
nes
[10
].
The
determi
nation
of
co
re
losses
an
d
othe
r
losses
i
n
th
e
el
ect
rical
machin
es
is
on
e
of
the
ta
s
ks
t
hat
must
be
pe
rformed
duri
ng
t
he
el
ect
ro
ma
gn
et
i
c cal
culat
ion.
Thr
ee
ph
ase
in
du
ct
io
n
m
otors
are
cal
culat
ed
by
A
nso
ft
RM
xprt
a
nd
to
w
di
mension
(tra
nsi
ent
m
od
e
)
Applic
at
ion
[
11]
.
T
he
re
du
ct
i
on
of
ir
on
loss
es
in
a
t
hr
ee
-
phase
i
nductio
n
m
oto
r
is
de
pe
nd
on
the
qual
it
y
of
mag
netic
mate
rial
s
that
us
e
d.
Ther
e
f
or
e
,
f
or
op
ti
mizi
ng
th
e
desig
n
eac
h
typ
e
of
ste
el
mate
rial
s
co
nt
ai
ns
a
dig
it
al
core lo
s
s curv
e
s (mag
ne
ti
zat
ion
curve
and
permeabil
it
y
cu
rv
e
) [12
]
-
[
14]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
1
,
Ma
rch
20
21
:
29
–
40
30
The
data
of
propose
d
ste
el
m
at
erial
typ
e
t
ha
t
us
ed
in
c
ore
can
be
a
dd
e
d
directl
y
t
o
the
desig
n
of
a
three
-
phase
i
nductio
n
mo
t
or
pro
gr
am
(
A
NSYS
M
a
xw
el
l)
.
This
pro
gr
am
of
simulat
io
n
desig
n
will
be
able
to
sp
ee
d
up
the
ti
me
to
see
t
he
eff
ect
s
of
ste
el
mate
rial
ty
pe
on
the
pe
rform
ance
of
the
m
ot
or
[15
].
This
pap
e
r
pro
po
se
d
a
th
r
ee
ty
pe
of
ste
el
mate
rial
s
in
the
c
ore
desi
gn
f
or
th
ree
-
phase
i
nductio
n
m
oto
r
to
pres
ent
a
com
pr
e
he
ns
ive
com
par
is
on
a
nd
ass
essme
nt
in
order
t
o
identif
y
the
c
ore
mate
rial
th
at
pr
ovide
s
th
e
mo
st
eff
ect
ive
p
e
rfo
rma
nce
by iron
losses
re
du
ct
i
on.
2.
MOTO
R CO
RE LOS
SES
CA
L
CU
L
ATI
ON
The
model
of
three
phase
in
du
ct
io
n
m
ot
or
is
desig
ne
d
by
A
NSYS
M
a
xwel
l
softwa
re.
Also,
from
this so
ftwa
re is
calc
ulate
d
t
he follo
wing L
os
s
es:
1.
Stran
de
d
L
os
s
(R
–
lo
ss)
i
n
t
he win
dings
of m
otor is
determi
ned by
(
1)
:
=
3
2
(1)
w
he
re
is t
he
c
urren
t a
nd
R
is
the phase
r
esi
st
ance.
Durin
g
100
ye
ars
a
go,
fe
rtil
e
min
ds
-
Stei
nme
tz
(
1900)
,
B
ertott
i
(
1990)
a
nd
Ionel
(
20
10)
str
ugglin
g
to
de
velo
p
the
models
that
c
an
cal
culat
ed
c
or
e
l
os
s
at
a
ny
ti
me
.
By
mat
chin
g
the
phys
ic
s
that
base
d
on
t
he
interp
olati
on
f
un
ct
io
n
wit
h
c
or
e
los
s
data,
a
co
mm
on
Be
r
tott
i
model
of
cor
e
los
s
is
the
s
um
of
ed
dy
current
losses, h
ys
te
re
sis l
os
ses
an
d
a
dd
it
io
nal loss
e
s [
12
].
2.
Core Los
s (Ir
on L
os
s
)
The
co
re
losse
s
of
m
otor
are
cl
assifi
ed
to
ed
dy
c
urre
nt
loss
es,
hyste
resis
l
os
ses
a
nd
a
ddit
io
nal
losses
as foll
ow
:
a.
Ed
dy curre
nt l
os
ses
(
2)(3)
:
=
(
)
2
(2)
=
2
2
2
(3)
w
he
re
(
)
is
coef
f
ic
ie
nt
of
e
ddy
current
los
ses
,
(
)
is
the
el
ect
rical
con
duct
ivi
ty
an
d
(
)
is
steel
sh
eet
thickne
ss.
b.
Hy
ste
resis lo
ss
es
(
4)
:
ℎ
=
ℎ
2
(4)
wh
e
re:
(
ℎ
)
is
coeffic
ie
nt
of
hyst
eresis
losses
,
(
)
is
the
fr
e
que
ncy
a
nd
(
)
is
the
maxim
um
va
lue
of
mag
netic
in
du
c
ti
on
.
c.
Additi
on
al
l
os
s
es
(
5)
:
=
(
)
1
.
5
(5)
w
he
re
(
)
is t
he
c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nt
of ad
di
ti
on
al
loss
e
s.
The
ir
on lo
sses
w
il
l be
(
6)
:
=
+
ℎ
+
(6)
The
Be
rtotti
m
od
el
ex
pects
al
l
the
c
oeffici
en
ts
of
ir
on
losse
s
,
ℎ
an
d
to
be
po
sit
ive
.
B
ut
if
are
po
sit
ive
,
the
n
cor
e
l
os
ses
c
urve
will
be
in
creased
mon
oto
nical
ly
t
hen
t
he
fl
ux
de
ns
it
y
B
increases.
The
Be
rtotti
model did
not
f
oresee
to
t
he
po
i
nt
of
inflect
io
n
as
si
mil
ar
to
t
he
co
re
los
s
m
odel
s.
The
ste
el
is
a major
mate
rial
that
us
e
d
i
n
t
he
m
anu
factu
re
of
el
ect
rical
mo
t
or
s
in
home
app
li
ance
s,
industrial
machi
ne
ry
a
nd
trans
portat
ion
[
16
-
18
]
.
Es
pec
ia
ll
y,
it
forms
the
basis
of
th
e
mo
t
or
s
an
d
conve
rts
the
m
agn
et
ic
e
nerg
y
with
high e
ff
ic
ie
nt i
nto
elec
tric
al
e
nerg
y
[
10
].
Both
the
ma
gnet
iz
at
ion
cu
r
ve
(
−
)
an
d
c
or
e
L
os
s
curve
(
−
)
are
require
for
lookin
g
the
m
a
t
the
same
ti
me.
In
ge
ner
al
,
t
he
higher
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy
is
obta
ine
d
wh
e
n
us
in
g
t
ypes
of
ste
el
s
w
it
h
lowe
r
c
or
e
losses
[
19
]
.
T
her
e
f
ore,
in
orde
r
to
achieve
t
he
hi
gh
e
r
e
ff
ic
ie
nc
y
re
qu
ire
s
the
r
edu
ci
ng
the
m
agn
et
ic
c
urre
nt
w
hile
reducin
g
the
c
or
e
l
os
s [
20
].
The
(
−
)
curve
is me
asur
e
d
by
the
manuf
act
ur
e
r
a
s
locu
s o
f
ti
ps of
a
series o
f
hy
ste
resis lo
op
s.
The
slo
pe of
permeabil
it
y
is
incr
ease
d wit
h H
i
ncr
easi
ng a
s sho
wn in
(7):
̅
=
(
0
)
⁄
(7)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Compari
son
and as
sess
men
t
of a d
if
fe
rent
ste
el
m
ateri
als
base
d on core
lo
sses
...
(Yaser
Att
a
Y
as
sin
)
31
wh
e
re
(
)
ma
gn
et
ic
f
lu
x den
sit
y,
(
)
ma
gn
et
ic
fiel
d
inte
ns
it
y
a
nd
0
permeabil
it
y for free s
pace.
It
is
know
n
t
ha
t
the
co
re
l
osse
s
vary
acco
r
ding
t
o
t
he
dif
fer
e
nt
of
flo
w
densi
ty
a
nd
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
[
21
].
But
it
is
al
so
know
n
t
o
dif
fer
with
t
he
ma
nufactur
e
r's
s
pecifica
ti
on
s.
Ea
ch
co
m
pany
ha
s
it
s
own
form
ula
a
nd
recipe
for
ma
nufact
ur
in
g.
By
com
par
i
ng
t
he
char
act
e
risti
cs
of
c
urves
f
or
cor
e
l
os
s,
it
ca
n
help
t
o
disc
ove
r
the
man
uf
act
ur
e
r mat
erial
that p
r
od
uces
the l
owest
loss
with
flow d
e
ns
it
y an
d fr
e
quenc
y.
Thr
ee
t
yp
es
of
ste
el
wer
e
us
e
d,
afte
r
ha
rd
l
y
ob
ta
ini
ng
t
he
(
−
)
curve
an
d
c
or
e
losses
cu
rv
e
f
or
each
of
them
separ
at
el
y
a
nd
app
li
ed
eac
h
of
the
m
to
the
three
-
phase
inducti
on
m
otor
in
pro
gram
An
s
ys
M
a
xw
el
l
(t
ransi
ent
mode
)
[
22
]
,
[
23
].
By
desig
ning
t
he
mo
to
r
a
nd
ent
erin
g
the
data
of
c
urves
i
nt
o
the
pro
gr
am
afte
r
app
l
ying
t
he
t
yp
e
of
ste
el
a
nd
ob
ta
in
ed
the
res
ults
of
ir
on
co
re
los
ses
wi
th
co
pper
loss
es
an
d
assessme
nt the
pe
rformance
of the
m
oto
r
in
each ty
pe o
f
st
eel
.
3.
DESIG
N OF
THREE
PH
A
SE IN
D
UC
TI
ON MOT
OR
The
t
hr
ee
-
ph
as
e
in
du
ct
io
n
m
ot
or
is
desig
ned
in
the
M
a
xwe
ll
pro
gr
am
us
i
ng
R
M
xprt
tha
t
us
e
d
a
set
of
an
al
ytica
l
and
mag
netic
ci
rc
uit
eq
uat
ion
s
to
pe
rfo
r
m
a
mo
re
de
ta
il
ed
anal
ys
is
an
d
m
or
e
ac
cur
at
e
performa
nce
forecast
s.
T
he ge
ner
al
data
of th
e mo
t
or
cha
rac
te
risti
cs are list
ed
in
T
a
ble 1
:
Table
1.
Para
m
et
ers
an
d speci
ficat
ion
s
f
or
t
hree
ph
ase
in
duct
ion
m
otor
Para
m
ete
rs
and
sp
ecifica
tio
n
s
Valu
e
RMS lin
e
-
to
-
lin
e
r
ated
vo
ltag
e
460V
Frequ
en
cy
6
0
Hz
Rated
sp
eed
3
5
0
2
RPM
Ir
o
n
core le
n
g
th
9
.5 in
ch
es
Stack
in
g
f
acto
r
0
.95
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
stato
r
s
lo
ts
36
Inn
er
d
iam
et
er
o
f
s
tato
r
5
.52
5
inch
es
Ou
ter
d
iam
eter
of
stato
r
1
0
.12
5
inch
es
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
r
o
to
r
sl
o
ts
28
Ou
ter
d
iam
eter
of
roto
r
5
.47
9
inch
es
Inn
er
d
iam
et
er
o
f
r
o
to
r
1
.87
5
inch
es
Air
g
ap
0
.04
6
inch
es
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
con
d
u
cto
r
11
Res
istan
ce f
o
r
p
h
a
se win
d
in
g
3
.92
3
4
o
h
m
Ind
u
ctan
ce f
o
r
p
h
ase win
d
in
g
0
.00
0
5
6
1
6
0
6
H
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
parallel
bran
ch
es
1
The
s
hap
e
s of
slots f
or
stat
or
and
r
oto
r
a
s shown in
Fig
ur
e
1
an
d
Fi
gure
2
.
The dimensi
ons of slo
t
for
sta
to
r
a
nd roto
r
as s
how
n
in
T
able 2
.
Figure
1
.
T
he
s
hap
e
of sl
ot for st
at
or
Figure
2
.
T
he
s
hap
e
of sl
ot for
r
oto
r
Table
2.
T
he
d
i
mensi
on
s
of sl
ot for st
at
or an
d ro
t
or
f
or
t
hr
e
e phase i
nduction m
otor
d
im
en
sio
n
s o
f
stato
r
slo
ts
d
im
en
sio
n
s o
f
roto
r
slo
ts
Hs0
0
.05
5
0
inch
es
Hs0
0
.02
1
5
in
c
h
es
Hs1
0
.06
5
0
inch
es
Hs0
1
0
.01
0
0
in
c
h
es
Hs2
0
.69
8
0
inch
es
Hs2
0
.22
0
0
in
c
h
es
Bs0
0
.16
0
0
inch
es
Bs0
0
.01
0
0
in
c
h
es
Bs1
0
.30
9
0
inch
es
Bs1
0
.15
0
0
in
c
h
es
Bs2
0
.43
2
0
inch
es
Bs2
0
.16
0
0
in
c
h
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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S
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In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
1
,
Ma
rch
20
21
:
29
–
40
32
The desig
n
of t
hr
ee
phase i
nduction
m
otor is
shown i
n
t
he Fi
gure
3
.
Figure
3. The
desig
n of t
hree
phase i
nductio
n
m
otor
Fo
r
the
cal
cula
ti
ng
pur
pose
of
c
or
e
loss
es,
the
pro
posed
m
at
erial
pro
per
ti
es
m
us
t
be
a
ppli
ed
i
n
t
he
desig
n
of
sta
to
r
a
nd
r
otor
for
mo
to
r
c
ore,
w
hi
le
the
al
um
i
num
mate
rial
is
use
d
i
n
the
bar
s
and
the
en
d
rin
g
of
bar
s
f
or
mo
t
or
ro
t
or
[24
]
,
[
25]
.
In
the
first
case,
Co
balt
ste
el
typ
e
(
Hi
per
c
o
50)
has
been
us
e
d
as
a
cor
e
mate
rial
.
Fig
ure
4
s
hows
t
he
mag
netiz
at
ion
curve
(
−
)
for
Co
ba
lt
ste
el
(H
iper
co
50
).
Fi
gure
5
s
hows
th
e
sp
eci
fic
co
re
l
os
ses
c
urve
th
at
ob
ta
ine
d
by
us
in
g
Co
balt
ste
el
(H
ipe
rco
50)
at
fr
eq
ue
nc
y
(
=
60
)
and
the thick
ness
of steel
s
heet eq
uals
=
0
.
635
.
Figure
4.
T
he
mag
netiz
at
ion
curve
(
−
)
f
or
c
oba
lt
steel
(
h
ipe
rc
o 50)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Compari
son
and as
sess
men
t
of a d
if
fe
rent
ste
el
m
ateri
als
base
d on core
lo
sses
...
(Yaser
Att
a
Y
as
sin
)
33
Figure
5. The
c
or
e
losses
cur
ve
that obta
ine
d by us
i
ng
c
ob
al
t
steel
(
h
i
per
c
o 50)
In
the
sec
ond
case,
Ele
ct
rical
Stee
l
-
N
on
Gr
ai
n
Or
ie
nte
d
t
yp
e
(NG
O
t
yp
e
AK
Stee
l’
s
M
-
19)
ha
s
been
us
e
d
as
a
cor
e
mate
rial
.
Figure
6
s
how
s
t
he
ma
gn
et
iz
at
ion
c
urve
(
−
)
for
Ele
ct
rical
Stee
l
NGO
–
AK
Stee
l’s
M
-
19.
Figure
7
sho
w
s
the
sp
eci
fic
c
or
e
l
os
ses
c
urv
e
that
ob
ta
ine
d
by
us
in
g
Ele
ct
rical
Stee
l
NGO
–
A
K
Stee
l’s
M
-
19 a
t
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
(
=
60
)
an
d
the
thick
ness
of steel
s
heet
equ
al
s
=
0
.
635
.
Figure
6.
T
he
mag
netiz
at
ion
curve
(
−
)
f
or
e
le
ct
rical
s
te
el
N
G
O
–
A
K
s
te
el
’s
M
-
19
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S
N
:
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-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
1
,
Ma
rch
20
21
:
29
–
40
34
Figure
7. The
c
or
e
losses
cur
ve
that obta
ine
d by us
i
ng
e
le
ct
r
ic
al
s
te
el
N
G
O
–
A
K
s
te
el
’
s
M
-
19
In
the
t
hir
d
cas
e,
L
ow
Ca
r
bon
Stee
l
–
S
AE
1020
ha
s
been
use
d
as
a
c
or
e
m
at
erial
.
Fig
ur
e
8
s
hows
t
he
mag
netiz
at
ion
curve
(
−
)
f
or
L
ow
Ca
r
bon
Stee
l
–
SA
E
1020.
Fig
ur
e
9
s
hows
th
e
sp
eci
fic
c
or
e
losses
c
urve
that
obta
ine
d
by
us
i
ng
L
ow
Ca
rbon
Stee
l
–
SA
E
1020
at
frequ
e
nc
y
(
=
60
)
an
d
the
thick
ness
of
ste
el
sh
eet
e
qu
al
s
=
0
.
635
.
Figure
8.
T
he
mag
netiz
at
ion
curve
(
−
)
f
or
l
ow
c
arbo
n
s
te
el
–
S
AE
1020
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Compari
son
and as
sess
men
t
of a d
if
fe
rent
ste
el
m
ateri
als
base
d on core
lo
sses
...
(Yaser
Att
a
Y
as
sin
)
35
Figure
9. The
c
or
e
losses
cur
ve
that obta
ine
d by us
i
ng
l
ow
c
arbo
n
s
te
el
–
S
A
E1
020
Fr
om
Fig
ur
es
5,
7
an
d
9
it
is
cl
ear
t
hat
the
pro
gr
am
cal
cul
at
es
al
l
the
c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nts
of
ir
on
l
os
ses
,
ℎ
an
d
f
or
t
hr
ee
cases.
4.
RESU
LT
S
O
F
C
ORE L
OS
SES AN
D
PE
RFO
R
MANCE
C
H
ARA
CT
ERISTI
CS
In
t
his
sect
ion,
the
abili
ty
of
the
pro
posed
t
hr
ee
t
yp
es
of
s
te
el
mate
rial
s
fo
r
c
or
e
desi
gn
of
a
t
hr
ee
-
ph
a
se
in
du
ct
io
n
m
otor
in
lo
sses
re
du
ct
io
n
and
e
ff
ic
ie
nc
y
improv
e
men
t
are
inv
est
ig
at
ed.
The
m
oto
r
i
s
op
e
rated
with
each
on
e
of
th
e
pro
po
s
ed
ste
el
mat
erial
s
for
no
loa
d
c
onditi
on
a
nd
transient
m
od
e
t
o
ob
t
ai
n
th
e
resu
lt
s
of
c
or
e
losses
an
d
c
he
ck
the
eff
ect
iv
eness
of
thes
e
ste
el
mate
rial
s.
Figure
10
s
hows
the
ma
gnet
ic
fiel
d
distrib
ution l
in
es in t
he
m
otor
u
si
ng
Cob
al
t s
te
el
(
Hipe
rc
o 5
0).
Figure
1
0.
M
a
gn
et
ic
fiel
d dis
tribu
ti
on li
ne
s i
n
the
m
otor
us
ing
c
ob
al
t st
eel
(
h
i
per
c
o 50)
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IS
S
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8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
1
,
Ma
rch
20
21
:
29
–
40
36
Figures
11 a
nd 12 show t
he v
oltage
of sou
rc
e an
d
the
curr
e
nt cons
um
i
ng in
the
sta
tor
wi
nd
i
ng
.
Figure
11. T
he
input
vo
lt
a
ge of
source
Figure
12.
T
he
curre
nt cons
umi
ng in
t
he
sta
tor
windin
g
Figures
13,
14
and
15
s
how
the
res
ults
of
cor
e
lo
sses
cu
r
ve
f
or
th
e
pro
po
s
ed
th
ree
ty
pes
of
ste
el
mate
rial
s.
Figure
13. C
ore losses
curve
for
c
obal
t st
eel
(
h
i
per
c
o 50)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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t J
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ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
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88
-
8
694
Compari
son
and as
sess
men
t
of a d
if
fe
rent
ste
el
m
ateri
als
base
d on core
lo
sses
...
(Yaser
Att
a
Y
as
sin
)
37
Figure
14. C
ore loss c
urve
for
e
le
ct
rical
s
te
el
NGO
–
AK
s
te
el
’s M
-
19
Figure
15.
C
ore loss c
urve
for
l
ow
c
ar
bon
s
te
el
–
SAE1
020
Figures 16,
17 an
d
18
sho
w
t
he
res
ults
of
c
op
per
losses
c
urv
e
in
t
he
sta
to
r
windin
gs
f
or
t
he
pro
posed
three t
yp
es
of
s
te
el
materia
ls.
Figure
16. C
opper loss
for (
h
iperc
o 5
0)
0
.
0
0
2
5
.
0
0
5
0
.
0
0
7
5
.
0
0
1
0
0
.
0
0
1
2
5
.
0
0
1
5
0
.
0
0
1
7
5
.
0
0
2
0
0
.
0
0
T
i
m
e
[
m
s
]
0
.
0
0
1
0
.
0
0
2
0
.
0
0
3
0
.
0
0
4
0
.
0
0
4
5
.
0
0
St
ra
n
d
e
d
L
o
s
s
R
[
k
W
]
M
a
x
w
e
l
l
2
D
D
e
s
i
g
n
1
X
Y
P
l
o
t
3
1
C
u
r
v
e
I
n
f
o
S
t
r
a
n
d
e
d
L
o
s
s
R
S
e
t
u
p
1
:
T
r
a
n
s
i
e
n
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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S
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8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
1
,
Ma
rch
20
21
:
29
–
40
38
Figure
17. C
opper loss
for M
-
19
Figure
18. C
opper loss
for
s
te
el
–
SAE1
020
It
can
be
see
n
from
t
he
res
ults
of
C
or
e
loss
curves
t
hat
the
bette
r
pe
rform
ance
is
obta
ine
d
by
usi
ng
the
Co
balt
ste
el
(H
ipe
rc
o
50
)
mate
rial
,
whic
h
has
t
he
lo
wer
abs
olu
te
va
lue
f
or
a
ver
a
ge
co
re
lo
sses
curve
(48.4
09
W)
th
an
the
Ele
ct
ric
al
Stee
l
NGO
–
AK
St
eel
’s
M
-
19
(
63.88
7
W
)
and
Lo
w
Ca
r
bon
Stee
l
–
SAE1
02
0
(10
27.87
3
W
).
The
s
up
e
rio
rity
of
propose
d
Cob
al
t
ste
el
(
Hipe
rco
50)
is
du
e
t
o
the
e
ffi
ci
ency
of
ma
gn
et
ic
pro
per
ti
es
of
t
hi
s materia
l.
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
paper
pr
opos
e
d
a
th
ree
typ
e
of
ste
el
mate
rial
s
i
n
t
he
co
re
desig
n
for
th
ree
-
phas
e
inducti
on
mo
to
r
by
us
in
g
"AN
S
YS
Ma
xw
el
l"
pr
og
r
am
wh
ic
h
s
upported
th
e
cal
culat
ion
of
c
or
e
loss
an
d
co
pp
er
loss
dep
e
nd
on
c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nts
that
are
cal
c
ulate
d
bas
ed
on
the
data
of
l
os
s
curves.
It
is
ne
cessar
y
t
o
kn
ow
the
sp
eci
fic
co
re
losses
f
or
eac
h
typ
e
of
ste
el
m
at
erial
in
orde
r
to
ide
ntif
y
t
he
be
st
ty
pe
that
pro
vid
es
the
lo
west
cor
e
l
os
ses.
From
t
he
res
ults
dem
onstrat
ed
that
Cob
al
t
ste
el
(H
ipe
rc
o
50
)
re
pr
es
entin
g
the
bette
r
c
hoic
e
in
com
pa
ris
on
wi
th
oth
e
r
t
ypes
of
ste
el
mate
ri
al
s
in
te
rm
s
of
le
ss
co
re
loss
es.
Also,
the
r
esults
s
how
th
at
th
e
coppe
r
los
ses
not af
fecti
ng
by
typ
e
of c
or
e
m
at
erial
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
M.
B.
B.
Shar
if
ia
n
et
al
.
,
“
Torq
ue
Fluc
tuations
Reduc
ing
in
a
Vec
tor
Controll
ed
Motor
Drive
by
PI
Controll
er
Tuni
ng
Us
ing
P
art
i
cl
e
Sw
arm
O
pti
mization,
”
20
11
Int
ernati
onal
Conf
ere
nce
on
El
e
ct
rica
l
M
achines
and
Syst
ems
,
2011,
pp
.
1
–
6.
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a
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2
D
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i
g
n
1
X
Y
P
l
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t
8
C
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r
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e
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f
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