Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
3
,
Septem
be
r
2020
, pp.
15
7
9
~
15
8
7
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
1
1
.i
3
.
pp
15
7
9
-
1
5
8
7
1579
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Volta
ge re
gulati
on and
po
wer l
oss reductio
n by inte
gration
of
SVC i
n distrib
ution net
works
via P
SSE
Ba
-
s
wa
im
i
Sa
l
eh, Lee
Jun
Y
in,
Re
nu
ga
Ve
rayi
ah
Coll
ege of
Grad
uat
e
Studie
s,
Un
ive
rsiti
T
ena
g
a Nasional
(UN
IT
EN),
Mal
aysia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Feb
7
, 2
0
20
Re
vised
M
a
r
6
,
20
20
Accepte
d
Apr
30
, 20
20
Volta
ge
stabilit
y
is
ne
ce
ss
ary
i
n
orde
r
to
m
ai
n
ta
in
the
health
of
the
gri
d
sys
te
m.
In
re
cent
yea
rs,
the
lo
ad
demand
is
i
ncr
ea
sing
fro
m
ti
me
-
to
-
time
which
co
mpromised
th
e
stab
il
i
t
y
of
th
e
sys
te
m
.
On
th
at
purpo
se,
seve
ral
me
thods
on
enh
anc
ing
th
e
volta
ge
st
a
bility
of
t
he
sys
tem
was
int
roduc
ed
such
as
the
tra
ns
forme
r
ta
p
and
FA
CTS
devi
ce
s.
In
a
g
ene
ra
l
ov
erv
ie
w,
th
is
study
is
to
prop
ose
a
sev
era
l
p
ower
co
mpe
nsa
t
ion
t
ec
hn
ique
s
on
th
e
b
ase
ca
se
of
an
IE
EE
-
33
bus
whe
reb
y
power
f
lo
w
ana
lysis
usin
g
Netwon
-
Raphson
in
PS
S/E
softwar
e
is
p
erf
orme
d
.
Aft
er
wards,
distri
bu
ted
gene
r
at
ion
(DG
)
and
Static
VA
R
Compe
ns
at
or
(SV
C)
wil
l
be
im
pl
em
en
ted
withi
n
the
distri
buti
on
net
w
ork
to
co
mpe
nsa
te
th
e
vol
ta
g
e
in
stabi
lity
losses
b
ase
d
on
th
e
wea
kest
ind
ex
f
r
om
the
bus
sys
t
em
.
From
b
oth
t
he
ca
ses
which
i
s
proposed
ea
rl
ie
r
,
a
com
p
ar
ison
study
is
con
duct
ed
on
th
e
p
e
rform
ance
on
bo
th
DG
and
SV
C
withi
n
th
e proposed
net
wor
k.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
SV
C
(
sta
ti
c
V
AR
c
ompensat
or
)
Vo
lt
age
stabil
it
y
Loss
re
du
ct
io
n
DG (
Distrib
ute
d
gen
e
rati
on
)
PSSE
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Re
nuga
Ver
a
yi
ah,
Dep
a
rtme
nt of
Ele
ct
rical
En
gi
neer
i
ng,
Un
i
ver
sit
i
Te
na
ga Nasi
onal
(UN
ITE
N),
Pu
traj
a
ya
Co
m
pu
s
, J
al
a
n IK
R
AM
-
UNITE
N, 4
3000
Kajan
g, Sela
ngor,
M
al
aysia.
Emai
l:
Renuga
@unit
en.
e
du.
my
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Ele
ct
rici
ty
pla
ys
a
n
im
porta
nt r
ole
in
the
ec
onomi
c d
e
velo
pme
nt
of
t
he
co
un
t
ry. A
ll
c
ount
ries
ar
ound
the worl
d
lo
ok
i
ng
for
a
n
af
for
dab
le
, rel
ia
ble
and
s
ecu
re supply
of
elec
tric
it
y
to s
us
ta
in m
oder
n
w
ays of
li
ving.
Power
qual
it
y
is
al
way
s
t
he
top
pri
or
it
y
f
or
the
el
ect
rical
ut
il
i
ty
to
lo
ok
on
pr
ov
i
ding
a
con
ti
nu
ous
sup
ply
to
their
c
us
to
mer
s.
T
he
i
nteg
rati
on
of
distri
bu
t
ed
ge
ner
at
or
s
in
t
he
distrib
ution
netw
ork
is
increasi
ng
day
by
da
y
[1]
due
to
t
he
protect
ion
of
the
en
vir
onme
nt
from
harmf
ul
emissi
ons,
t
echn
ologica
l
a
dv
a
nceme
nt,
e
nerg
y
crisi
s,
po
wer
outa
ges
,
te
ch
nical
issues
,
a
nd
economic
i
nce
ntives
[2]
.
T
he
intermit
te
nt
na
ture
o
f
ren
e
w
able
energ
y
sou
rces
will
introdu
ce
man
y
ch
al
le
nges
to
the
powe
r
qu
al
it
y
of
t
he
el
ect
rici
ty
su
pply
[3]
.
T
he
inj
ect
ed
real
po
we
r
f
rom
D
G
te
nds
t
o
cause
ove
rvolta
ge
or
un
der
volt
age
pro
blem
s
acco
r
ding
to
the
pe
netrati
on
le
vel
of
DG
[
3]
.
Dis
tribu
ti
on
netw
orks
deliver
el
ect
rical
power
to
dif
fer
e
nt
loa
d
ty
pes
i.e.
i
ndus
tria
l,
co
mme
rcial
,
reside
ntial
,
et
c.
,
th
os
e
loa
ds
ar
e
subje
ct
ed
to
fluctuate
over
a
wi
de
range
a
nd
under
heavy
l
oad
i
ng
c
ondi
ti
on
s,
the
distri
bu
ti
on
net
wor
k
will
exp
e
rience
vo
lt
age
instabil
it
y
[4
,
5
]
.
M
ore
ov
e
r,
t
he
majo
rity
of
the
i
ncrea
sing
load
is
i
nductive
in
nat
ur
e,
wh
ic
h
le
ad
s
to
a
m
or
e
la
gg
i
ng
power
fact
or
of
the
s
ys
te
m
.
The
la
ggin
g
powe
r
factor
ma
y
inc
rease
the
po
we
r
loss
in
t
he
ne
twork
due
to
the
high
c
urrent
dr
a
wing
by
the
loa
d
a
nd
de
crease
t
he
volt
age
profil
e o
f
the
net
w
ork
[2]
.
Vo
lt
age
sta
bili
ty
is
esse
ntial
l
y
relat
e
d
to
t
he
reacti
ve
pow
er
bala
nce
[1]
,
so
by
co
ntr
olli
ng
reacti
ve
powe
r
betwee
n
le
a
ding
an
d
la
ggin
g
po
we
r
facto
r
ca
n
m
ai
ntain
t
he
volt
age
within
th
e
acce
ptable
volt
ag
e
range
an
d
i
mpro
ve
the
reli
ab
il
it
y
of
the
s
yst
em.
T
he
co
nv
entional
met
hod
i
n
c
ontr
olli
ng
t
he
reacti
ve
powe
r
wh
e
re pow
e
r
f
act
or
co
rr
ect
io
n
was
fi
xed
by
the
inte
gr
at
io
n of
fi
xed
ca
pacit
or
s
pro
ving
re
act
ive
po
wer
s
upply.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
15
7
9
–
15
8
7
1580
T
he
de
ployme
nt
of
F
ACTS
dev
ic
e
withi
n
distrib
ution
ne
twork
co
mes
i
nto
ef
fect
in
orde
r
t
o
m
ai
nta
in
the
vo
lt
age
le
vel
t
o
be
regulat
ed
within
t
he
i
nd
e
x
c
ompe
ns
at
in
g
reacti
ve
pow
er
[6]
.
Table
1
sho
ws
se
veral
typ
e
s
of FA
CT
S
de
vi
ce wh
ic
h
a
re c
urren
tl
y avail
a
ble in t
he mar
ke
t.
Table
1
.
Dif
fere
nt t
ypes
of F
ACTS
de
vice
FACTS
Mod
el of con
stru
ct
io
n
Ins
tallatio
n
on
Refere
n
ces
SVC
–
Static
Va
r
Co
m
p
en
sato
r
Bran
ch
es o
f
two
s
witch
es wh
ich
con
sis
ts o
f
TCR
(swit
ch
ed
in
d
u
cto
r)
and
T
SC (switch
ed
capacit
o
r)
Line o
r
b
u
ses
[
7
]
TCVR
–
Thy
risto
r
-
co
n
trolled
vo
ltag
e
regu
lato
r
Po
wer
switch
es
mo
d
el of a
tap
chan
g
er
Line
[7,8
]
STAT
C
OM
-
S
t
ati
c
sy
n
ch
ronou
s
co
m
p
en
sato
r
Energy
sto
rage su
p
ercon
d
u
ctin
g
m
ag
n
etic sto
rage (
S
M
ES)
or
VSI
wi
th
a
DC
link
con
n
ected to
a
step
-
u
p
tr
an
sfo
rm
e
r
Line o
r
b
u
ses
[7, 9
-
13]
UPFC
-
U
n
ified p
o
wer
flow co
n
trolle
r
Two trans
for
m
e
r
a
n
d
po
wer
switch
es wh
ich
acts as
a
r
e
ctifier an
d
co
m
p
en
sated
thro
u
g
h
con
trol sch
em
e
an
d
r
ev
erts back
th
e DC
so
u
rce
to
an AC w
av
eform th
rou
g
h
an in
v
erter
Bu
s ad
jo
in
t
with
line
[
1
4
]
The
fun
dame
nt
al
of
t
he
de
vi
ce
will
be
t
he
same
as
t
he
w
orkin
g
pr
i
ncipl
e
of
the
t
ran
s
missi
on
S
VC
wh
e
re
by
it
wi
ll
ei
ther
injec
t
or
a
bsor
b
re
act
ive
po
wer
to
mai
ntain
t
he
bus
volt
age
s
to
a
ce
rtai
n
le
vel
dep
e
ndin
g
on
t
he
volt
age
re
gula
ti
on
ra
nge
of
t
he
e
nd
c
ons
ume
r.
In
the
c
urren
t
ma
r
ket,
S
VC
is
sti
ll
viab
le
an
d
bein
g
im
plem
ented
within
t
he
tra
ns
missi
on
an
d
distrib
ut
ion
ne
tw
ork
as
com
pa
red
t
o
the
oth
e
r
F
ACTS
dev
ic
es
.
T
his
i
s
beca
us
e
the
costin
g,
maint
enan
ce
a
nd
pe
rformance
of
the
SV
C
te
ch
nolo
gy
is
more
feasible
and
matu
red
t
o
be
ap
pli
ed
whereby
it
requir
es
small
er
ene
r
gy
st
or
a
ge
to
pe
rform
an
y
rea
ct
ive
com
pe
nsa
ti
on
s
[7,
8
]
.
The
dr
a
wb
ac
k
of
the
c
urren
t
S
VC
te
c
hnolog
y
is
du
e
to
it
s
sl
ow
r
es
pons
e
ti
me
w
hi
ch
le
a
ds
t
o
a
s
lowe
r
com
pensat
ion t
ime com
pa
red
to it
s su
cce
ssor
[1
5
-
21
]
.
2.
RESEA
R
CH
METHO
D
To
fi
nd
the
op
t
imal
locat
ion
of
S
VC
an
d
DG
in
IEE
E
33
-
bu
s
distrib
utio
n
ne
twork
,
t
hree
ind
i
ces
a
r
e
us
e
d,
w
hich
a
r
e
the
Vo
lt
a
ge
Stabil
it
y
Inde
x
(V
S
I)
,
V
oltag
e
Stabil
it
y
M
a
rg
i
n
(
VSM)
a
nd
S
ys
te
m
V
ol
ta
ge
Dev
ia
ti
on
(
Sy
s
te
m
VD)
.
VSI
from
(1)
is
us
e
d
to
fin
d
the
opti
mal
locat
ion
of
DG.
T
he
va
lue
of
V
SI
s
hould
be
le
ss
than
one.
If
VSI
value
c
losed
to
ze
ro,
then
t
he
s
ys
te
m
is
m
or
e
sta
bl
e
and
vise
ve
r
sa.
T
he
bu
s
wi
th
the
highest
V
SI
va
lue
is
sel
ect
ed
as
the
op
ti
mal
locat
ion
f
or
D
G
[2
2
]
.
VSM
f
rom
(
2)
is
us
e
d
to
fin
d
t
he
opti
mal
placeme
nt
of S
VC
in
a rad
ia
l netw
ork
[23
]
. V
S
M
is
a
n
in
de
x
us
e
d
to
fi
nd
the mar
gin
sta
bili
ty
of
eac
h
bus
a
nd
it
s
value
is
bet
ween
ze
ro
a
nd
one.
T
he
node
wit
h
le
ss
VSM
is
cl
os
er
to
the
c
ollapse
point
an
d
sho
uld
be
reinfo
rced
by
injec
ti
ng
reacti
ve
po
wer
[2
2
]
.
Vo
lt
age
de
vi
at
ion
in
a
syst
em
is
de
fine
d
as
t
he
di
ff
e
ren
ce
betwee
n
the
nominal
volt
age
and
t
he
act
ual
bu
s
volt
age.
T
he
small
er
the
dev
ia
ti
on
of
th
e
vo
lt
age
base
d
on
it
s
nominal
volt
ag
e,
the
bette
r
th
e
vo
lt
age
c
ondi
ti
on
of
t
he
sys
te
m.
Sy
ste
m
V
oltage
De
viati
on
(VD)
is
cal
culat
ed
us
in
g (3)
[24,
25
]
.
=
4
1
2
(
2
2
2
+
2
)
≤
1
(1)
wh
e
re,
X: Line
r
eact
a
nce
V
1
: Se
nd
i
ng end
bu
s
volt
age
P
2
: R
ecei
ving
end real
powe
r
Q
2
: R
ecei
ving
end reacti
ve
po
wer
(
)
=
4
−
4
2
(
+
)
–
4
(
+
)
2
;
=
1
,
2
…
(2)
wh
e
re,
X
i
: Li
ne
r
eact
a
nce
R
i
: Li
ne
resist
a
nce
V
s
: Se
nd
i
ng end
bu
s
volt
age
P
i
: R
ecei
ving e
nd r
eal
powe
r
Q
i
: R
ecei
ving
end reacti
ve
po
wer
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Volta
ge
re
gu
l
at
ion
and p
ower
loss
re
duct
io
n by inte
grati
on
of SVC
in
distr
ibu
ti
on
…
(B
a
-
swaimi
Sa
le
h
)
1581
N: Num
be
r of
bu
s
es
Syst
em
VD
=
∑
(
1
−
1
)
2
(3)
wh
e
re,
V
n
:
volt
age
ma
gn
it
ude
of
bu
s
‘
n
’,
e
xpres
sed
in
(
p.u
.
)
The
IEE
E
33
-
bus
ra
dial
distri
bu
ti
on
net
wor
k
ha
s
33
buses,
32
-
br
a
nch,
3
la
te
rals,
5
ti
e
sw
it
ches,
a
nd
on
e
s
ync
hrono
us
ge
ne
rato
r.
The
s
ys
te
m
-
rel
at
ed
volt
age
is
12.66
KV
with
ma
ximum
a
nd
minim
um
li
mit
s
of
±5
%
.
T
he
tota
l
real
an
d
reac
ti
ve
powe
r
loa
ds
are
3.7
15
MW
an
d
2.3
M
V
AR
c
onne
ct
ed
to
32
bus
es
with
a
diff
e
re
nt po
we
r
fact
or
[2
4
]
.
T
he
s
ys
te
m
data
is t
aken f
rom
[
4]
.
Figure
1. Flo
w
char
t
of the
res
earch
meth
od
3.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
The
pro
pose
d
method
has
be
en
te
ste
d
us
i
ng
PSS
/
E
34
s
of
t
war
e
in
the
IE
EE
-
33
bus
distri
bu
ti
on
ne
tw
ork
.
T
he
com
par
is
on
ha
s
bee
n
pe
rformed
f
or
f
our
cases:
Distri
but
ion
netw
ork
without
SV
C
and
D
G
,
distrib
ution
net
work
with
SVC
on
l
y
,
distrib
ution
net
work
with
D
G
only
,
and
distri
bu
ti
on
netw
ork
wi
th
both
SV
C
a
nd
D
G.
Th
e
co
mp
a
rison
is
pe
rfo
rme
d
by
ta
king
into
co
ns
ide
rati
on
of
volt
age
sta
bi
li
ty
mar
gin
(
V
SM),
vo
lt
age
d
e
viati
on (VD
)
a
nd
re
al
an
d react
ive
powe
r
loss
es.
3.1.
Ca
se st
u
dy 1
:
I
EE
E 33
-
bu
s s
ystem
wi
thout SV
C an
d
DG
The
ob
ta
ine
d
r
esults
f
or
real
and
reacti
ve
powe
r
los
ses
ar
e
202.6
5
K
W
a
nd
135.1
3
KVAR
res
pecti
vel
y.
T
he
VSM
a
nd
s
ys
t
em
V
D
are
ca
lc
ulate
d
f
or
ea
ch
bus
us
i
ng
e
qu
at
io
n
(2)
a
nd
(
3)
res
pecti
ve
ly.
T
he
cal
cu
la
ti
on
resu
lt
s
us
in
g
load
fl
ow
data
sh
owe
d
t
hat
th
e
18th
bus
is
the
weake
st
bu
s
with
V
SM
of
0.695
a
nd
V
D
of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
15
7
9
–
15
8
7
1582
0.007
55
pu.
Figure
2
dem
ons
tra
te
s
the
s
ys
te
m
volt
age
pro
f
il
e
and
V
SM
f
or
the
distrib
ut
ion
netw
ork
w
it
ho
ut
SV
C a
nd DG.
3.2.
Ca
se st
u
dy
2:
I
EE
E 33
-
bu
s s
ystem
wi
th
S
VC onl
y
The
loa
d
flo
w
anal
ys
is
us
i
ng
fi
xed
New
t
on
–
Ra
phson
is
cond
ucted
usi
ng
PSSE
t
o
i
nvest
igate
th
e
eff
ect
of
SV
C
on
the
volt
age
prof
il
es,
V
D
a
nd
po
wer
l
os
se
s
of
the
net
wor
k.
SV
C
placed
at
an
18
th
bus,
wh
ic
h
represe
nts
the
lowest
V
SM
i
n
t
h
e
sy
ste
m.
The
siz
e
of
S
VC
is
cha
nged
to
get
mi
nimum
VD
with
mi
nimum
powe
r
losses
.
Fr
om
T
a
ble
2,
it
is
ob
ser
ve
d
that
0.5
M
VA
R
is
the
opti
mal
siz
e
of
S
VC
a
nd
t
he
18
th
bus
is
the
op
ti
m
um
place
f
or
the
c
ompe
ns
at
io
n.
The
placement
of
SVC
is
al
so
te
ste
d
at
33
th
bus,
w
hich
re
pr
e
sente
d
t
he
lowest
VSM
in
t
he
sec
ond
-
longest
la
te
ral
in
the
net
wor
k
.
VSM
an
d
bu
s
vo
lt
age
pro
file
with
op
ti
mal
placeme
nt of S
VC at a
n 18
th
bus is s
how
n
i
n Fi
gure
3.
Figure
2
.
VSM
an
d vo
lt
age
prof
il
es
of n
et
work with
out S
V
C an
d DG
Table
2
. Res
ults o
f
total
powe
r
loss
varia
ti
on
an
d
s
ys
te
m
V
D wit
h
S
VC si
ze an
d place
m
ent
Bu
s
No
.
Incre
m
en
t
(KV
AR)
Bas
e
case
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
Sy
stem
V
D (
p
u
)
0
.11
7
0
.11
0
0
.10
0
0
.09
7
0
.09
1
0
.08
6
0
.08
1
0
.07
6
0
.07
1
0
.06
2
0
.05
9
0
.05
5
18
Total KW
los
s
2
0
2
.65
1
9
5
.87
1
9
0
.73
1
8
6
.69
1
8
3
.98
1
8
2
.62
1
8
2
.68
1
8
4
.19
1
8
7
.21
1
9
7
.93
2
0
5
.78
2
1
5
.31
33
Total KV
AR lo
ss
Sy
stem
V
D
(pu
)
Total KW
los
s
Total KV
AR lo
ss
1
3
5
.13
0
.11
7
2
0
2
.65
1
3
5
.13
1
3
0
.49
0
.11
2
1
9
4
.43
1
2
9
.48
1
2
7
.13
0
.10
8
1
8
6
.85
1
2
4
.36
1
2
4
.7
0
.10
4
1
8
0
.08
1
1
9
.87
1
2
3
.35
0
.10
0
1
7
4
.05
116
1
2
3
.13
0
.09
6
1
6
8
.66
1
1
2
.65
1
2
4
.07
0
.09
8
1
6
4
.34
1
1
0
.12
1
2
6
.2
0
.09
2
1
6
0
.62
1
0
8
.12
1
2
9
.58
0
.08
5
1
5
7
.72
1
0
6
.78
1
4
0
.22
0
.08
2
1
5
5
.84
1
0
6
.21
1
4
7
.51
0
.07
8
1
5
4
.69
1
0
6
.26
1
5
6
.23
0
.07
5
1
5
4
.41
1
0
7
.02
Figure
3
.
VSM
an
d vo
lt
age
prof
il
es
of n
et
work with
S
VC
only
0
0
.1
0
.2
0
.3
0
.4
0
.5
0
.6
0
.7
0
.8
0
.9
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
VSM
an
d
Bu
s Vo
latg
e (
p
u
)
Bu
s No
.
Bu
s Vo
ltag
e (
p
u
)
VSM
0
0
.1
0
.2
0
.3
0
.4
0
.5
0
.6
0
.7
0
.8
0
.9
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
VSM
an
d
Bu
s Vo
latg
e (
p
u
)
Bu
s No
.
Bu
s Vo
ltag
e
VSM
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Volta
ge
re
gu
l
at
ion
and p
ower
loss
re
duct
io
n by inte
grati
on
of SVC
in
distr
ibu
ti
on
…
(B
a
-
swaimi
Sa
le
h
)
1583
3.3.
Ca
se study
3
: IEEE 3
3
-
bus
syste
m
wi
th
DG
on
ly
The
loa
d
flo
w
anal
ys
is
us
i
ng
fi
xed
New
t
on
–
Ra
phson
is
cond
ucted
usi
ng
PSSE
t
o
i
nvest
igate
th
e
eff
ect
of
D
G
a
t
unit
y
po
wer
f
act
or
on
the
volt
age
prof
il
es,
sy
ste
m
V
D
a
nd
powe
r
losses
of
the
ne
tw
ork.
D
G
placed
at
6
th
bus
acc
ordin
g
t
o
VS
I
,
wh
ic
h
is
cal
culat
ed
usi
ng
t
h
e
pro
posed
m
et
hod
in
[
18
]
us
in
g
E
quat
ion
(
2
).
T
he
data
f
or
cal
culat
in
g
V
SI
a
re
obta
ine
d
f
rom
loa
d
fl
ow
res
ult
us
i
ng
New
t
on
-
Ra
ph
s
on
in
PS
SE.
T
he
siz
e
of
DG
is
c
ha
nged
in
ste
ps
in
or
der
to
get
m
inimum
VD
wi
th
mi
nim
um
powe
r
losses
.
F
r
o
m
F
ig
ure
4
a
nd
5
it
is
ob
se
rv
e
d
tha
t
2.
6
MW
is
the
op
ti
mal
siz
e
of
D
G
an
d
6
th
bus
is
the
op
ti
m
al
locat
ion
f
or
DG
placeme
nt
wit
h
sy
ste
m
V
D
of
0.029
0
pu
.
Fig
ur
e
6
s
how
s
th
e
impact
of
opimal
placem
e
nt
of
D
G
in
V
S
M
a
nd
volt
age
prof
il
e
of the
netw
ork
.
3.4.
Case stud
y
4:
IEEE 3
3
-
bu
s syste
m
wi
th
bo
th
SVC a
nd
DG
The
op
ti
mal
siz
es
of
SV
C
a
nd
D
G
are
t
he
s
ame
as
instal
li
ng
i
nd
i
viduall
y,
wh
ic
h
are
0.5MVR
f
or
S
V
C
and
2.6MW
f
or
D
G.
T
he
great
es
t
impro
veme
nt
for
volt
age
prof
il
es
is
made
with
the
instal
la
ti
on
of
both
S
VC
an
d
DG
as
s
how
n
in
Figure
7.
It
is
ob
se
rv
e
d
that
al
l
bu
se
s
of
the
s
ys
te
m
are
withi
n
the
acce
ptable
li
mi
t
consi
der
i
ng
±
5%
ar
ound
t
he
relat
ed
volt
a
ge
as
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ure
8.
T
he
V
S
M
of
th
e
curre
nt
sy
st
em
are
acce
ptable
as
al
l
of
it
s
buses
are
cl
os
e
t
o
1
w
hich
is
s
hown
in
Fig
ur
e
9
.
The
re
duct
ion
in
real
a
nd
reacti
ve
powe
r
los
ses
with
the
inte
grat
ed
SV
C
an
d
DG
withi
n
t
he
bus
s
ys
te
m
are
85.
78K
W
an
d
64.26
KVAR
as
ind
ic
at
ed
in
T
able
.
To
c
ompare
with
the
oth
e
r
previ
ou
s
m
e
ntion
e
d
s
ys
te
m
earli
er
,
bo
t
h
SV
C
a
nd
D
G
con
t
rib
utes
sig
nificantl
y
i
n
powe
r
losse
s
re
du
ct
io
n.
B
y
pe
rformi
ng
volt
age
de
viati
on
usi
ng
E
quat
ion
(3),
the
vo
lt
age
dev
ia
ti
on
is
obta
ine
d
at
a
value
of
0.
0147
p.u.
Ba
se
d
on
t
he
obta
in
ed
de
viati
on,
t
he
volt
age
c
on
diti
on
in
the
s
ys
te
m
is
favo
ur
a
ble
as
the
diff
e
re
nc
e
betwee
n
t
he
nom
inal
volt
age
with
the
c
urren
t
bus
vo
lt
age
is
relat
ively s
mall
.
Figure
4
.
VS
I profile
s
of I
E
E
E 33
rad
ia
l
distrib
ution net
work
Figure
5.
Re
su
l
ts of total
po
w
er lo
s
s
es
var
ia
t
ion
with
DG
si
ze
0
0.
02
0.
04
0.
06
0.
08
0.
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
VS
I
Bus
No
.
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
3
0
0
4
0
0
KVAR
&
KW
Los
s
DG
Sizin
g
KV
AR Los
s
KW
L
o
s
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
15
7
9
–
15
8
7
1584
Figure
6
.
VSM
an
d vo
lt
age
prof
il
es
of n
et
work with
DG
only
Figure
7
.
VSM
an
d vo
lt
age
prof
il
es
of n
et
work with
both
S
VC a
nd DG
Figure
8.
Com
par
is
on b
et
wee
n
al
l t
he res
ults o
f
vo
lt
age
profil
e o
f
I
E
EE
-
33
bu
s
s
ys
te
m
without a
nd w
i
th S
VC
a
nd DG
0
0
.1
0
.2
0
.3
0
.4
0
.5
0
.6
0
.7
0
.8
0
.9
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
VSM
an
d
Bu
s Vo
latg
e (
p
u
)
Bu
s No
.
Bu
s Vo
ltag
e
VSM
0
.75
0
.8
0
.85
0
.9
0
.95
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
VSM
an
d
Bu
s Vo
ltag
e (
p
u
)
Bu
s No
.
Bu
s Vo
ltag
e (
p
u
)
VSM
0
.85
0
.87
0
.89
0
.91
0
.93
0
.95
0
.97
0
.99
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Bu
s Vo
ltag
e in p
u
Bu
s No
.
Bas
e
case
W
ith
SVC
o
n
ly
W
ith
DG
only
W
ith
SVC
an
d
DG
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Volta
ge
re
gu
l
at
ion
and p
ower
loss
re
duct
io
n by inte
grati
on
of SVC
in
distr
ibu
ti
on
…
(B
a
-
swaimi
Sa
le
h
)
1585
Figure
9. Com
par
is
on
bet
wee
n
al
l t
he res
ults o
f
V
S
M
of
IE
EE
-
33
bus
sy
st
em
without a
nd w
i
th S
VC
a
nd DG
Table
3
.
C
omp
ariso
n
a
nalysis
of
I
EEE
-
33
bus sy
ste
m
with a
nd w
it
ho
ut S
V
C an
d/o
r
DG
Descripti
o
n
Bas
e Case
W
ith
SVC
o
n
ly
W
ith
DG on
ly
W
ith
SVC and
DG
SVC size(
MV
AR)
-
0
.5
-
0
.5
SVC lo
catio
n
-
18
-
18
DG size
(M
W
)
-
-
2
.6
2
.6
DG locatio
n
-
-
6
6
Sy
stem
V
D(pu
)
0
.11
7
0
.
863
0
.02
9
0
.01
4
7
Total rea
l
po
wer
lo
ss
(KW)
2
0
2
.65
1
8
2
.62
1
0
3
.97
8
5
.78
Total rea
ctiv
e po
w
er
lo
ss
(KV
AR)
1
3
5
.13
1
2
3
.13
7
4
.83
6
4
.26
Minimum
bu
s v
o
ltag
e
(pu
)@b
u
s
0
.91
3
@
1
8
0
.92
0
@
3
3
0
.95
1
4
@18
0
.95
9
@
3
3
Minimum
VS
M
@
b
u
s
0
.69
5
@
1
8
0
.81
9
@
3
3
0
.95
1
4
@18
0
.84
6
@
3
3
4.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
this
w
ork,
SV
C
integ
rati
on
i
n
IEE
E
33
-
bus
distri
bu
t
ion
s
ys
te
m
is
inv
est
igate
d
us
in
g
PS
SE
so
ft
war
e
. Th
e
ob
je
ct
ives a
re to
imp
rove
vo
lt
age profil
e an
d red
uce n
et
wor
k
po
wer
lo
sses
. Th
e in
vestiga
ti
on
is
performe
d
f
or
SV
C
i
n
a
ra
dial
distrib
utio
n
ne
twork
wit
h
a
nd
without
D
G.
The
best
l
ocati
on
f
or
S
VC
a
nd
DG
are
ide
ntifie
d
us
in
g
VSM
a
nd
VS
I
,
resp
e
ct
ively.
Sim
ulati
on
res
ults
s
how
that
SV
C
wi
th
D
G
is
t
he
be
st
case
for
im
pro
ving
v
oltage
p
r
ofi
le
an
d red
ucin
g
powe
r
losses
i
n
the
netw
ork.
T
he
i
ns
ta
ll
at
io
n of
S
VC w
it
h
th
e
siz
e
of
0.5M
VA
R
i
mpro
ve
d
volt
age
pro
file
s
a
nd
re
duced
the
l
osse
s.
The
siz
in
g
a
nd
t
ypes
of
D
G
s
ources
s
hould
be
plan
ne
d
wis
el
y
es
pecial
ly h
avi
ng
P
V
as
one o
f
the
sel
ect
ion
s
due
t
o
t
he
inco
ns
ist
ent g
e
ner
at
io
n
w
hich
ma
y
even
t
ually
le
ad
t
o
ot
her
power
qu
al
it
y
is
su
es
s
uch
as
vo
lt
ag
e
sa
g/s
w
el
l.
F
utu
re
res
earch
mi
gh
t
in
tro
du
ce
mu
lt
iple
S
VC
placeme
nt
in
the
dist
rib
ution
netw
ork
a
nd
us
in
g
op
ti
miza
ti
on
te
ch
nique
s
for
S
VC
siz
ing
a
nd
placeme
nt.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
T
he
aut
hors
gr
at
efu
ll
y
ack
no
wled
ge
U
niv
e
r
sit
i
Tenag
a
Na
sion
al
f
or
the
fina
n
ci
al
sup
port
t
hro
ugh
UNITE
N
i
nter
nal gra
nt UNII
G 201
8
to
con
du
ct
t
his r
e
sear
ch pr
oject
.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
K.
Chakr
abor
ty,
G.
Deb
and
S.
Deb,
"V
oltage
stabi
l
it
y
assess
me
nt
in
r
adi
a
l
d
istri
buti
on
sys
te
m
by
l
ine
stabilit
y
indi
c
at
or
(LSI)
a
nd
it
s
im
prov
ement
using
SV
C,
"
2016
I
EE
E
1st
Inte
rnational
Co
nfe
renc
e
on
Po
wer
Elec
tronic
s,
Inte
lligen
t
Contr
ol
and
Ene
rgy
S
yste
ms
(ICPE
IC
ES)
,
D
el
hi
,
2016
,
pp
.
1
-
5.
[2]
F.
Iqba
l,
M.
T
.
Khan,
and
A.
S.
Siddiqui
,
“Optimal
pl
acem
ent
of
DG
and
DS
TATCOM
for
loss
red
uct
ion
and
vol
ta
g
e
profi
le i
mprove
m
ent
,
”
A
le
xandria
Engi
n
ee
ring
Journal
,
vol.
57
,
no
.
2
,
pp
.
755
–
765
,
2018
.
[3]
M.
M.
Hus
sein
and
K.
Mah
mou
d,
"Combin
ed
st
at
i
c
VA
R
com
p
ensa
tor
and
PV
-
inve
rt
er
for
r
egu
la
ti
ng
voltage
in
distri
buti
on
sys
te
ms,"
2017
Ninetee
n
th
Int
ernati
o
nal
Midd
le
East
Powe
r
Syst
ems
Confe
renc
e
(M
E
PCON)
,
pp
.
19
–
21,
2017
.
[4]
Z.
G.
Sanch
ez,
J.
A.
G.
C
.
Cru
z,
G.
C
.
San
chez,
H.
H.
Herr
er
a,
and
J.
I
.
S.
Orteg
a,
“Voltag
e
col
l
apse
poin
t
eva
lu
at
ion
consi
der
ing
the
lo
ad
dep
ende
nc
e
in
a
power
sys
tem
stab
il
i
ty
pro
ble
m
,
”
Inte
rnat
i
onal
Journal
of
El
e
ct
rica
l
and
C
omputer
Engi
n
e
ering
(IJ
ECE
)
,
v
ol.
10
,
no
.
1
,
pp
.
61
–
71,
2020
.
0
.4
0
.5
0
.6
0
.7
0
.8
0
.9
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
VSM
Bu
s No
.
Bas
e
case
W
ith
SVC
o
n
ly
W
ith
DG
only
W
ith
SVC
an
d
DG
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
15
7
9
–
15
8
7
1586
[5]
B.
Singh
and
G.
Agrawal
,
“
Enhance
m
ent
of
vol
tage
prof
ile
by
incorporat
ion
of
S
VC
in
power
sys
te
m
ne
tworks
by
using opt
imal
lo
ad
flow
method
i
n
MA
TL
AB/S
im
uli
nk
envi
ron
me
nts,
”
Ene
rgy
Re
ports
,
vo
l. 4,
pp.
418
–
434
,
20
18.
[6]
M.
Sime
on
,
W
.
S.
Ti
t
a,
I.
A
.
Ad
ej
um
obi
,
and
A.
El
i
za
b
et
h,
“Min
im
izati
on
of
Ac
t
ive
Tr
ansmi
ss
io
n
Loss
in
Pow
er
Sys
te
ms
using
S
ta
tic
V
ar
Co
mpens
at
or
,”
Int
ernat
ional
Journal
o
f
Appl
ie
d
Engi
ne
e
ring
Re
sear
ch
,
v
ol.
13,
no.
7,
pp
.
4951
–
4959,
201
8.
[7]
E.
Gh
ahr
emani
and
I
.
Ka
mwa,
“Ana
lysing
the
eff
e
c
ts
of
diffe
r
ent
type
s
of
FA
CTS
device
s
on
the
ste
ady
-
state
per
forma
n
ce
of
t
he
Hydro
-
Québe
c
net
work,
”
IET
Gene
ration,
Tr
a
nsm
ission
&
Dis
tribut
ion
,
vol.
8
,
no.
2,
pp
.
233
–
249,
2014
.
[8]
M.
Z
el
l
agui,
H.
A.
Hass
an,
and
A.
Chagh
i,
“E
ffe
ct
of
TCVR
controlle
d
vo
l
ta
ge
on
short
-
c
irc
ui
t
cal
cul
a
ti
ons
in
ca
se
of
ground
fau
lt
i
n
the
Alger
ia
n
n
et
work,”
Inte
rna
ti
onal
Journal
of
Control
and
Au
tomati
on
,
vo
l.
8
,
no.
1,
pp
.
125
–
138,
2015
.
[9]
O.
K.
Shind
e
an
d
V.
R.
S.
V
.
B
.
Pulav
art
hi
,
“ST
ATCOM
conve
r
te
rs
and
cont
r
ol:
A
rev
i
ew,
”
201
7
Int
.
Conf
.
Dat
a
Manag.
Ana
l. In
nov.
ICDM
AI
20
17
,
pp
.
145
–
151
,
2017.
[10]
A.
Saha
,
S.
Ahmad,
A.
A
.
Som
a,
M
.
Z
.
A
.
Cho
wdhury,
and
A.
A.
Hos
sain,
“Mode
ll
ing
and
con
trol
of
STATCOM
to
ensure
stab
le
power
sys
te
m
op
era
t
ion,
”
4th
Int
.
Conf. A
d
v. E
l
ec
t
r.
Eng
.
ICA
EE 2
017
,
pp
.
12
–
17
,
2018.
[11]
Z.
Xinwen
and
T.
Xiangqian,
“
Topol
ogy
and
c
ontrol
study
for
a
nov
el
STATC
OM
,
”
in
2016
C
hine
se
Control
a
nd
Dec
ision
Con
fe
r
enc
e
(CCDC)
,
2
016,
pp
.
1235
–
1
240.
[12]
N.
Cherka
ou
i,
T
.
Haid
i,
A.
Bel
f
qih,
F.
El
Mar
iami,
and
J
.
Bouk
her
ouaa,
“A
Compa
rison
Study
of
React
iv
e
Pow
e
r
Control
Str
at
eg
i
es
in
Wi
nd
Far
ms
with
SV
C
a
nd
STATCOM
,
”
Inte
rnat
ional
J
ournal
of
Elec
tr
ic
al
and
Compu
te
r
Engi
ne
ering
(I
J
ECE
)
,
vol
.
8
,
no
.
6,
p
p
.
4836
-
484
6
,
2018
.
[13]
M.
A.
Ka
ma
rpo
shti
and
M.
Al
i
nez
had
,
“Com
pa
rison
of
SV
C
an
d
STATCOM
in
Stat
i
c
Vol
ta
g
e
Stabi
lity
Marg
in
Enha
nc
em
en
t,”
World
Ac
ad
emy
of
Sc
ie
nc
e, E
ng
i
nee
ring a
nd
Tec
hnology
,
pp.
860
–
865,
2009
.
[14]
Parva
thy
S
.
and
K.
C.
S.
Thampa
tt
y
,
“Dyna
mi
c
M
odel
ing
and
Con
trol
of
UP
FC
for
Pow
er
Flow
Co
ntrol
,
”
Proce
dia
Technol
ogy
,
vo
l. 21, pp. 581
–
588
,
2015
.
[15]
A.
Qat
am
in
et
a
l
.
,
“SVC
ver
sus
STATCOM
for
im
proving
powe
r
sys
te
m
loa
d
abilit
y:
A
c
ase
stud
y,
”
2017
8th
Int
.
Re
new
.
Ene
rgy
Congr.
IRE
C
20
1
7
,
pp
.
1
–
4
,
201
7.
[16]
I.
Alham
roun
i,
R.
Ismail,
M.
Sa
le
m
,
B.
Ism
ai
l
,
A.
Jus
oh,
and
T
.
Sutikno,
“In
te
gr
at
ion
of
STATC
OM
and
ESS
for
power
sys
te
m
st
abi
lity
im
prov
e
me
nt
,
”
Int
ernational
Journal
of
Powe
r
Elec
troni
cs
and
Dr
ive
Sys
te
m
(
IJPEDS)
,
v
ol.
11,
no
.
2
,
p
p
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86
8
–
878,
2020
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[17]
W.
N.
Chang
an
d
C.
H.
L
ia
o
,
“De
sign
and
im
pl
e
me
nt
at
ion
of
a
s
ta
t
com
base
d
on
a
mu
lt
i
le
ve
l
FH
B
conv
ert
er
wi
th
del
t
a
-
connect
ed confi
gura
ti
on
for
unbalanc
ed
lo
ad
com
p
ensa
ti
on
,
”
Ene
rgies
,
vol
.
1
0,
no
.
7
,
2017
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[18]
E.
Barr
ios
-
ma
rt
íne
z
an
d
C.
Ángele
s
-
cama
ch
o,
“Tec
hni
cal
com
par
ison
of
FA
CTS
cont
r
oll
ers
in
par
all
el
conne
c
ti
on,
”
Jou
rnal
of
app
li
ed
r
ese
arch
and
tech
nology
,
vol
.
15
,
no.
1
,
pp
.
36
–
44
,
2017.
[19]
L.
Xu,
L
.
Yao
,
and
C.
Sass
e,
“
Compa
rison
of
Us
ing
SV
C
and
STATCOM
for
Wi
nd
Farm
In
t
e
gra
t
ion,
”
in
20
06
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Co
nfe
ren
c
e
on
Pow
er
Sys
te
m
T
ec
hn
ology,
2006
.
[20]
Q.
Zha
ng
,
H
.
L
iu,
Y.
Ba
i,
J.
Wa
ng,
and
Y.
Qu,
“A
Nove
l
Analysis
Scheme
for
St
at
i
c
Vo
lt
ag
e
Stab
il
i
ty
o
f
Distribut
ion
Net
work
with
DF
IG
and
SV
C,
”
201
8
IE
EE
3rd
Ad
v.
Inf
.
Techno
l.
E
l
ec
tron.
Aut
om.
Control
Con
f
.
,
p
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201
–
206,
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[21]
M.
Z
am
an
i
-
gar
g
ari
,
F.
Kala
v
ani,
and
K.
Z
are,
“
R
evi
ew
o
f
I
mpa
c
t
s
of
Sta
ti
c
Var
C
ompe
nsator
Allo
ca
t
ion
on
Radial
Distribut
ion
Net
works
,”
IETE
Jo
urnal
of Re
searc
h,
vol
.
65
,
no
.
1
,
pp.
120
-
127
,
20
19.
[
22]
B.
Pati
and
S
.
B.
Kara
jgi
,
“Op
ti
mized
p
lace
m
e
nt
of
mu
lt
ip
le
F
ACTS
devi
c
es
using
PS
O
and
CS
A
al
gorit
hms
,
”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of El
e
ct
ri
c
al
and
Comput
er
Engi
n
ee
ring
(IJ
ECE
)
,
vol
.
10
,
n
o.
4
,
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3350
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357,
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[23]
V.
V.
S.
N.
Mur
ty
and
A.
Kuma
r,
“Op
timal
p
la
c
em
en
t
of
DG
in
rad
ial
d
istri
but
io
n
sys
te
ms
base
d
on
new
vol
ta
ge
stabi
lity
ind
ex
u
nder
loa
d
growt
h
Inte
rnationa
l
J
ournal
of
Powe
r
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Dr
iv
e
Syst
em
(I
JP
EDS)
,
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69
,
pp.
246
–
256
,
20
15.
[24]
V.
Vita,
“De
v
e
lopm
ent
of
a
d
ec
ision
-
ma
king
al
gorit
h
m
for
t
he
optimum
si
z
e
and
p
la
c
emen
t
of
distri
bu
te
d
gene
ra
ti
on
un
it
s
in
distri
bu
ti
on
n
et
works
,
”
Ene
rg
ie
s
,
vo
l. 10, no.
9,
2017
.
[25]
T.
P.
Nguyen
a
nd
D.
N.
Vo,
“
A
novel
stoch
as
ti
c
fra
ctal
sea
r
c
h
a
lgori
th
m
fo
r
opti
mal
allocati
on
of
distri
bu
ted
gene
ra
tors
in
ra
d
ia
l
distri
bu
ti
on
s
ystem
s,”
Appl.
S
oft
Comput
.
,
vol. 70, pp. 773
–
796
,
2018
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Volta
ge
re
gu
l
at
ion
and p
ower
loss
re
duct
io
n by inte
grati
on
of SVC
in
distr
ibu
ti
on
…
(B
a
-
swaimi
Sa
le
h
)
1587
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Ba
-
sw
ai
mi
Sal
e
h
was
bo
rn
in
Hadhra
mout
,
Ye
me
n,
in
1991
.
He
re
ceive
d
th
e
B.
Sc
.
degr
ee
i
n
el
e
ct
roni
c
and
c
omm
unication
e
ngine
er
ing
from
Hadhra
mou
t
U
nive
rsity
(Engi
n
ee
ring
Coll
ege
)
,
Yeme
n,
in
201
5.
He
is
cur
r
en
tl
y
pursuing
th
e
M.E
degr
e
e
in
el
e
ct
ri
cal
enginee
ring
(Pow
er
Sys
te
ms)
at
Uni
ver
siti
Te
n
aga
Nasiona
l
(UN
IT
EN),
Sel
angor
,
Mala
ysia
.
His
re
sea
rch
int
er
ests
inc
lud
e
vol
ta
g
e
s
ta
bility
of
distr
ib
uti
on
sys
tems a
n
d
ren
ew
abl
e
en
e
rgy
integra
t
ion.
Le
e
Jun
Yin
wa
s
born
in
Ipoh
,
P
era
k.
He
re
ce
iv
e
d
his
Dip
lom
a
fr
om
Poli
te
knik
U
ngku
Omar
in
2016
and
B
.
Eng
Degre
e
in
UN
ITE
N i
n
2019
.
He
i
s c
urre
nt
ly a
pos
tgra
dua
te
stud
en
t
pursuing
h
is
Master
s
in
Uni
ver
siti
T
ena
ga
Nasiona
l
(UN
ITE
N).
His
main
rese
arc
h
ar
ea
i
ncl
udes
Pow
er
Sys
te
m
Studie
s
,
Control
Sys
te
m
and
Int
el
l
ige
nt
C
ontrol
lers
.
Renuga
Vera
yi
a
h
re
ce
iv
ed
her
B
ac
he
lor
of
El
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
&
El
e
ct
ron
i
cs
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
Degre
e
in
2002
and
Mast
er
of
E
le
c
tri
c
al
Engi
n
e
eri
ng
in
2007
fr
om
th
e
Univ
ersi
ty
T
ena
g
a
Nasio
nal
,
Mal
aysia.
She
obtained
h
e
r
PhD
degr
e
e
i
n
Elec
tr
ical,
E
lectr
oni
cs
&
Sys
t
em
Engi
ne
eri
ng
in
2017
fro
m
Univer
siti
Keba
ngsaa
n
Mal
aysia,
Mal
aysia.
Ren
uga
is
cur
re
ntl
y
serving
as
a
sen
ior
l
ec
tu
rer
at
Depa
rtment
of
E
le
c
tri
c
al
&
E
le
c
t
ronic
s
Engi
n
ee
r
i
ng,
UN
ITE
N
an
d
as
a
Progra
m
Coordina
tor
for
Master
of
Elec
tr
ic
a
l
Eng
ineeri
ng
Program
at
Col
le
ge
of
Gradu
ate
Stu
di
es,
UN
IT
EN.
She
is
a
me
mb
er
of
Inst
it
ute
of
Engi
n
e
eri
ng
and
Te
ch
nology
UK
(M
IET
)
and
The
Instit
uti
on
of
Engi
ne
ers
Malays
ia
(IE
M).
She
is
al
so
a
C
ert
i
f
ie
d
En
erg
y
Man
age
r,
Certifie
d
Profess
iona
l
in
Mea
sureme
n
t
an
d
Veri
ficati
on
,
a
nd
a
technical
w
orking
com
m
it
t
e
e
fo
r
count
ry’s
Nati
ona
l
GH
G
inve
ntory
and
I
nte
rna
ti
ona
l
Co
nsulta
ti
on
&
A
nal
ysis
(ICA)
(
BUR2)
Mala
ysi
a.
Her
rese
arc
h
int
er
est
in
cl
ud
es
power
sys
tem
st
ea
dy
st
ate
an
al
y
sis,
power
sys
tem
dyna
mi
c
an
alys
is,
and
power
sys
te
m
opt
im
i
za
t
ion.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.