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m
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w
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o
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se
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t
h
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th
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ly
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d
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m
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se
d
to
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n
h
a
n
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th
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v
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se
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p
p
ly
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n
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a
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lar
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m
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le
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c
ircu
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re
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l
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d
a
n
d
sim
u
late
d
in
M
A
TL
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B/S
IM
UL
IN
K
so
f
t
w
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re
.
Re
su
lt
s a
re
p
re
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ted
a
n
d
d
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ss
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d
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
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DC co
n
v
e
rter
M
u
lt
il
e
v
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l
in
v
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rter (M
L
I)
Re
n
e
wa
b
le en
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
(RES
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S
IM
O
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
201
8
In
s
t
it
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
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n
g
i
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rin
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n
d
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c
e
.
All
rig
h
ts re
se
rv
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C
o
r
r
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s
p
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A
uth
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r
:
S.Na
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a
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lar
Dep
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g
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s
(
R
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S)
[
1
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3
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ar
e
s
o
lar
,
w
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d
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T
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p
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ca
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as
d
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tr
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(
DG)
[
4
-
5
]
.
W
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ca
n
in
s
tall
t
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ate
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I
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t
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h
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w
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o
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w
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ld
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in
n
a
tu
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h
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w
v
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a
n
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t
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t
th
is
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w
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DC
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D
C
b
o
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s
t
co
n
v
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ter
s
ar
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u
s
ed
.
T
h
er
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ar
e
m
an
y
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
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p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
[
6
-
9
]
e
ar
lier
.
T
h
e
b
asic
b
o
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s
t
co
n
v
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ter
o
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w
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a
n
d
lo
s
s
es
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
DC
ca
n
b
e
d
ir
ec
tl
y
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
D
C
lo
ad
s
an
d
if
w
e
n
ee
d
to
co
n
n
ec
t
it
to
A
C
lo
ad
s
th
e
n
,
w
e
p
r
ef
er
in
v
er
ter
s
.
C
o
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
t
w
o
-
le
v
el
in
v
er
ter
g
i
v
es
s
q
u
ar
e
w
a
v
e
o
u
tp
u
t,
w
h
ic
h
h
as
m
o
r
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
i
n
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
is
d
is
to
r
ted
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
ca
u
s
e
s
h
ea
t
lo
s
s
e
s
,
p
ar
asit
ic
to
r
q
u
es in
ca
s
e
o
f
i
n
d
u
c
tio
n
m
o
to
r
s
,
an
d
d
r
aw
s
r
ip
p
le
cu
r
r
en
t
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
.
Mu
ltil
e
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
s
(
ML
I
)
ar
e
th
e
b
est
s
o
l
u
tio
n
f
o
r
t
h
is
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
DC
to
AC
.
I
t
is
also
an
in
v
er
ter
w
h
ic
h
co
n
v
er
t
s
DC
t
o
A
C
,
b
u
t
ea
c
h
h
al
f
c
y
cle
h
a
s
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lev
e
ls
to
g
et
n
ea
r
l
y
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
[
1
0
-
1
3
]
li
k
e
d
io
d
e
cla
m
p
ed
,
f
l
y
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
an
d
ca
s
ca
d
ed
H
-
B
r
id
g
e
ty
p
e.
T
h
e
d
io
d
e
clam
p
ed
an
d
f
l
y
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
ca
n
g
iv
e
m
o
r
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lev
els
b
u
t,
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
m
o
r
e
d
io
d
es
a
n
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
ca
s
ca
d
ed
H
-
B
r
id
g
e
t
y
p
e
g
iv
e
s
u
s
m
o
r
e
le
v
els
b
y
h
av
i
n
g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
H
-
B
r
id
g
es
.
E
ac
h
H
-
B
r
id
g
e
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
o
u
r
s
w
itc
h
es.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
as
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
H
-
B
r
id
g
es
in
cr
ea
s
e
,
s
w
itc
h
co
u
n
t
w
i
ll
b
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
.
Hen
ce
,
i
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
a
n
e
w
m
u
ltil
e
v
e
l
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
it
h
less
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
w
itc
h
-
c
o
u
n
t
to
g
e
n
er
ate
7
,
9
,
1
1
,
1
3
an
d
1
5
lev
e
ls
b
y
o
p
er
atin
g
i
n
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
a
n
d
as
y
m
m
etr
ical
m
o
d
es
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
I
n
-
p
h
a
s
e
lev
el
-
s
h
i
f
t
ed
ca
r
r
ier
ty
p
e
s
i
n
e
P
W
M
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
tr
ig
g
er
th
e
co
m
m
u
tati
n
g
s
w
itc
h
es
o
f
m
u
lti
-
le
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
.
S
w
itc
h
es
o
f
H
-
B
r
id
g
e
f
o
r
r
ev
er
s
e
v
o
lta
g
e
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
lo
ad
ar
e
tr
ig
g
er
ed
b
y
s
i
m
p
le
p
u
ls
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
.
T
h
e
Hig
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
ai
n
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
is
u
s
ed
at
f
ir
s
t
s
ta
g
e
o
f
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
a
n
d
a
s
i
n
g
le
i
n
p
u
t
m
u
lti
o
u
tp
u
t
(
SIM
O)
D
C
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
t
er
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
p
lace
d
af
ter
f
ir
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
b
ala
n
cin
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
ai
n
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
SIM
O
co
n
v
er
ter
ar
e
ca
s
c
ad
ed
to
g
et
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
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ed
s
y
m
m
etr
i
ca
l
o
r
as
y
m
m
etr
ical
R
V
M
L
I
is
co
n
n
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ted
b
et
w
ee
n
SIM
O
co
n
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er
ter
an
d
lo
ad
.
T
h
is
cir
cu
it
is
m
o
d
eled
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d
s
i
m
u
lated
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n
MA
T
L
A
B
/S
i
m
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li
n
k
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
an
d
r
esu
lt
s
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
2.
RE
N
E
WAB
L
E
E
N
E
R
G
Y
S
O
URCE F
E
D
DC
-
DC
CO
N
VE
R
T
E
R
S F
O
R
H
I
G
H
VO
L
T
A
G
E
-
G
AI
N
B
O
O
ST
I
N
G
AND
SI
NG
L
E
-
I
NP
UT
M
UL
T
I
-
O
UT
P
UT
VO
L
T
A
G
E
B
AL
AN
CIN
G
R
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
(
R
E
S)
ar
e
k
n
o
w
n
as
r
e
n
o
w
n
ed
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
m
an
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
i
s
s
u
es
t
h
ese
d
a
y
s
.
Als
o
,
t
h
e
p
o
te
n
tial
o
f
r
e
n
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
i
s
e
n
o
r
m
o
u
s
as
t
h
e
y
ca
n
i
n
p
r
in
cip
le
m
ee
t
m
an
y
ti
m
e
s
t
h
e
w
o
r
ld
’
s
e
n
er
g
y
d
e
m
a
n
d
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
R
E
S
f
o
r
elec
tr
icit
y
g
e
n
er
atio
n
is
t
h
at
R
E
S
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
lo
w
-
v
o
lta
g
e
o
u
tp
u
t
w
h
ic
h
i
n
s
is
t
s
f
o
r
b
o
o
s
t
o
p
er
a
tio
n
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
u
s
i
n
g
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
ese
n
ts
t
h
e
h
ig
h
v
o
l
tag
e
-
g
ai
n
D
C
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
b
o
o
s
tin
g
th
e
lo
w
v
o
ltag
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
R
E
S
to
r
eq
u
ir
ed
lev
el
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
s
i
n
g
le
-
i
n
p
u
t
m
u
lti
-
o
u
t
p
u
t
co
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
v
o
ltag
e
b
alan
c
in
g
.
A
ls
o
,
th
e
pr
o
p
o
s
ed
R
V
ML
I
n
ee
d
s
t
h
r
ee
s
ep
ar
ate
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
th
o
s
e
th
r
ee
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
r
ep
lace
d
w
ith
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
b
y
ca
s
ca
d
i
n
g
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
o
av
o
id
th
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
b
alan
cin
g
ac
r
o
s
s
th
r
ee
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
,
a
v
o
ltag
e
b
al
an
cin
g
co
n
v
er
ter
is
p
lace
d
alo
n
g
s
i
d
e
o
f
h
ig
h
g
ai
n
D
C
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
.
2
.
1
M
ultilev
el
DC
-
DC
B
o
o
s
t
Co
nv
er
t
er
T
h
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
r
ee
lev
el
DC
-
D
C
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
,
(
2
N
-
1
)
d
io
d
es
an
d
(
2
N
-
1
)
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
ad
v
a
n
t
ag
es
of
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
pr
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
ar
e
it c
a
n
b
e
ex
ten
d
ed
to
N
-
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lev
els b
y
ad
d
in
g
o
n
l
y
d
io
d
es a
n
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
m
o
d
i
f
y
i
n
g
th
e
m
a
in
cir
cu
i
t,
a
n
d
also
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
g
ai
n
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
w
it
h
o
u
t
u
s
e
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
a
n
d
h
ig
h
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
3
s
ta
g
es
w
h
i
ch
i
s
o
p
er
ated
at
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
o
f
0
.
5
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
t
h
r
ee
lev
el
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
is
ex
p
lain
ed
i
n
[
6
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
8
:
210
–
2
1
9
212
A
n
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
DC
-
DC
M
u
l
t
il
e
v
el
B
o
o
s
t
C
o
n
v
er
t
er
:
I
n
th
is
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
t
h
e
b
o
o
s
t
r
a
ti
o
w
il
l
b
e
an
aly
z
e
d
.
T
h
is
is
v
e
r
y
im
p
o
r
t
an
t
b
e
ca
u
s
e
th
e
in
d
u
ct
o
r
l
o
s
s
e
s
lim
i
t
t
h
e
th
e
o
r
e
ti
c
a
l
ly
m
ax
im
u
m
b
o
o
s
t
r
at
i
o
,
an
d
t
h
e
an
a
ly
s
is
g
iv
e
s
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
t
o
d
e
s
ig
n
e
r
s
[
1
1
]
.
F
r
o
m
b
a
s
i
c
p
r
in
c
i
p
l
e
s
,
th
e
v
o
l
t
ag
e
g
ai
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
v
en
ti
o
n
al
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
is
g
iv
en
b
y
Vo
ltag
e
g
ai
n
,
V
o
V
dc
=
1
1
−
D
(
1
)
Fo
r
MB
C
,
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
g
ai
n
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
V
o
V
dc
=
N
1
−
D
(
2
)
T
h
e
in
p
u
t D
C
c
u
r
r
en
t c
a
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t a
n
d
i
n
p
u
t
-
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lt
ag
e
as,
V
dc
I
L
=
V
O
I
O
=
V
O
V
O
R
O
=
N
V
C
NV
C
R
O
=
N
2
V
C
2
R
O
(
3
)
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
I
L
=
V
C
V
dc
.
N
2
V
C
R
O
=
N
2
V
C
(
1
−
D
)
R
O
(
4
)
Fro
m
(
4
)
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
t
h
e
in
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t c
an
b
e
co
n
tr
o
ll
ed
w
it
h
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
‘
D
’
in
t
h
e
P
W
M.
V
i
n
S
L
a
L
a
1
L
a
2
L
a
3
D
1
D
2
D
3
C
1
C
2
C
3
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Hig
h
-
Vo
lta
g
e
T
h
r
ee
lev
el
D
C
-
DC
B
o
o
s
t
C
o
n
v
er
ter
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sin
g
le
-
I
n
p
u
t M
u
lti
-
Ou
tp
u
t (
SIM
O)
C
o
n
v
er
ter
w
i
th
Vo
lta
g
e
B
alan
cin
g
2
.
2
Sin
g
le
-
I
np
ut
M
ulti
-
O
utput
(
SI
M
O
)
C
o
nv
er
t
er
w
it
h
V
o
lt
a
g
e
B
a
la
ncing
T
h
e
SIM
O
is
o
lated
DC
-
D
C
c
o
n
v
er
ter
ac
h
ie
v
e
s
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
t
w
o
m
aj
o
r
task
s
-
o
n
e
is
to
b
o
o
s
t
th
e
in
p
u
t
D
C
v
o
ltag
e
f
r
o
m
h
ig
h
g
ain
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
to
h
ig
h
er
v
al
u
e
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
a
s
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
t
er
an
d
th
e
o
th
er
to
b
alan
ce
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
ac
r
o
s
s
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
in
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
M
L
I
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
r
ep
r
esen
tat
io
n
o
f
s
in
g
le
-
in
p
u
t
m
u
lti
-
o
u
tp
u
t (
SIM
O)
is
o
lated
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
As
th
e
n
a
m
e
s
u
g
g
est
s
o
f
i
s
o
lated
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
,
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
e
r
ter
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
f
o
r
is
o
latio
n
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
s
id
e
to
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
i
s
a
m
u
lti
w
i
n
d
in
g
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
an
d
g
iv
e
s
th
r
ee
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
r
ts
an
d
at
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t,
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
is
s
u
p
p
lied
f
r
o
m
a
D
C
s
o
u
r
ce
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
h
i
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
ga
in
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
is
s
u
p
p
lied
as in
p
u
t to
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
p
r
im
ar
y
.
A
s
w
itc
h
MO
S
FET
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
p
r
i
m
ar
y
a
n
d
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
s
w
itc
h
d
ec
id
es
th
e
c
h
ar
g
i
n
g
ti
m
e
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
p
r
i
m
ar
y
co
il
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
t
h
r
ee
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
r
ts
w
ith
s
in
g
le
i
n
p
u
t
p
o
r
t
an
d
h
en
ce
th
e
cir
c
u
it
i
s
ter
m
ed
as
s
in
g
le
-
i
n
p
u
t
m
u
lti
-
o
u
tp
u
t
i
s
o
lated
D
C
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
.
E
ac
h
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
r
t
o
f
th
e
D
C
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
h
as
a
d
io
d
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
alo
n
g
w
i
th
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ter
m
in
al
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
r
t.
T
h
e
d
io
d
e
is
p
lace
d
to
p
r
ev
en
t
r
e
v
er
s
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
f
r
o
m
ca
p
ac
ito
r
to
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
s
w
i
tc
h
(
MO
SF
E
T
)
co
n
n
ec
ted
at
p
r
im
ar
y
s
id
e
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
y
ield
s
m
u
t
u
al
f
l
u
x
t
h
at
li
n
k
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
th
r
ee
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
e
is
o
lat
ed
D
C
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
.
M
u
tu
a
l
f
lu
x
t
h
at
lin
k
s
to
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
w
i
n
d
in
g
s
i
n
d
u
ce
s
s
el
f
in
d
u
ce
d
E
MF
i
n
t
h
r
ee
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
w
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
SIM
O
is
o
late
d
DC
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D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
.
A
s
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
ter
m
i
n
al
s
ar
e
clo
s
ed
,
th
e
s
el
f
in
d
u
ce
d
E
MF
f
o
r
ce
s
c
u
r
r
en
t
to
p
ass
th
r
o
u
g
h
ea
ch
o
f
t
h
e
th
r
ee
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
.
T
h
is
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
n
c
h
ar
g
es
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
co
n
n
ec
ted
at
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
ter
m
in
a
ls
o
f
ea
c
h
o
f
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
m
u
lti
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o
u
tp
u
t
is
o
lated
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
.
Du
r
in
g
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
m
u
lt
i
-
le
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
,
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
p
lace
d
as
in
p
u
t
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ten
d
s
t
o
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
a
n
d
w
i
th
m
u
ltip
le
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
i
n
M
L
I
r
aises
an
i
s
s
u
e
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
b
alan
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
o
f
ML
I
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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P
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E
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213
As t
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r
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n
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t
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t (
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Fig
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r
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C
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ated
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r
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t p
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C
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n
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er
ter
.
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h
e
v
o
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e
ac
r
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s
s
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c
h
o
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h
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r
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t
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r
ts
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lated
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C
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er
ter
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e
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r
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id
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ito
r
s
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n
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ted
at
th
e
r
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ec
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e
o
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tp
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t
p
o
r
t
ter
m
i
n
als
o
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D
C
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n
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er
ter
.
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h
e
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tu
al
m
ea
s
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r
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u
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t
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o
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ac
r
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s
s
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
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ea
s
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r
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d
is
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m
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ar
ed
w
it
h
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e
y
ield
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g
t
h
e
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r
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r
in
ea
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o
f
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h
e
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i
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al
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o
n
d
ar
y
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h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
er
r
o
r
in
all
th
e
th
r
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v
o
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r
o
s
s
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ito
r
s
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d
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t
to
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I
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ier
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a
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r
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ter
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ier
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w
h
ich
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ates
s
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h
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g
p
u
l
s
es
to
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T
.
ON/OFF
ti
m
e
s
o
f
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lects
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n
g
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o
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il
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s
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ito
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r
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ased
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ased
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s
Sa1
to
Sa6
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
0
8
8
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8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
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1
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Ma
r
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2
0
1
8
:
210
–
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1
9
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s
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6
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g
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P
h
a
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y
m
m
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y
m
m
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ML
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h
e
m
a
x
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m
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m
o
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d
c
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v
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d
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n
(
5
)
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d
(
6
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.
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0
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ma
x
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c1
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(
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s
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d
(
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ate
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h
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/s
u
b
tr
ac
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n
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it.
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o
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d
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at
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n
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th
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ll b
e
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[
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1
0
]
.
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m
e
t
h
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r
o
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lem
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y
m
m
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r
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m
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n
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et
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g
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t t
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s
ca
n
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e
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r
s
u
p
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f
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d
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en
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w
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r
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d
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1
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lev
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h
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s
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in
[
4
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
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8
694
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215
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3
.
1
.
P
uls
es
g
ener
a
t
io
n f
o
r
co
m
mu
t
a
t
ing
s
w
it
ches o
f
pro
po
s
ed
RV
M
L
I
t
o
po
lo
g
y
In
-
p
h
ase
lev
e
l
-
s
h
if
ted
ca
r
r
ier
ty
p
e
s
i
n
e
P
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
s
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
tr
ig
g
er
th
e
co
m
m
u
ta
tin
g
s
w
itc
h
es
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
R
V
ML
I
.
T
h
e
p
atter
n
o
f
in
-
p
h
ase
tr
ia
n
g
u
lar
ca
r
r
ier
b
ased
lev
el
s
h
i
f
ted
PW
M
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
f
ir
in
g
p
u
ls
es
to
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
es
o
f
1
5
-
le
v
el
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
.
I
n
th
is
p
atter
n
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
f
ir
i
n
g
p
u
ls
e
s
,
all
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
al
s
w
ill
h
av
e
s
a
m
e
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
u
t
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
al
s
ar
e
s
h
i
f
t
ed
in
l
ev
els
a
n
d
all
t
h
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
al
s
w
ill
b
e
i
n
-
p
h
ase.
Fo
r
an
n
-
le
v
el
o
f
ca
s
ca
d
ed
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ML
I
t
h
e
le
v
el
s
h
if
ted
m
o
d
u
latio
n
r
eq
u
ir
es
(
n
-
1
)
/2
ca
r
r
ier
s
,
all
th
i
s
ca
r
r
ier
s
h
av
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
Fo
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
R
V
i
n
v
er
ter
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
an
d
7
ca
r
r
ier
s
i
g
n
als
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
alo
n
g
w
ith
r
ef
er
en
c
e
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
p
u
ls
e
s
to
g
e
n
er
ate
7
,
9
,
1
1
,
1
3
an
d
1
5
lev
el
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
P
u
ls
e
s
f
o
r
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
s
w
itc
h
es
ar
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
o
n
l
y
at
th
e
in
s
ta
n
t
o
f
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
an
d
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
al
s
an
d
w
h
en
t
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
i
g
n
al
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
s
i
g
n
al;
t
h
e
p
u
ls
e
w
il
l
b
e
h
i
g
h
a
n
d
o
th
er
w
is
e
lo
w
f
o
r
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
s
w
itc
h
es.
W
h
en
s
w
i
tch
Sa2
i
s
ON,
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
Sa1
r
e
m
a
in
s
OFF
a
n
d
t
h
u
s
w
h
e
n
Sa1
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
t
u
r
n
ed
ON,
Sa2
s
w
itc
h
es
O
FF
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
il
a
r
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
is
ad
o
p
ted
f
o
r
s
w
itc
h
p
air
s
Sa3
,
Sa4
a
n
d
Sa5
,
Sa6
.
Fo
r
tr
ig
g
er
i
n
g
s
ix
co
m
m
u
ta
tin
g
s
ig
n
al
s
,
th
r
ee
d
r
iv
e
p
u
ls
e
s
ar
e
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
w
h
ile
th
e
o
t
h
er
th
r
ee
s
w
itc
h
es c
a
n
b
e
o
p
er
ated
u
s
in
g
NOT
s
ig
n
al
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
is
ti
n
g
d
r
iv
e
p
u
ls
e
s
.
T
h
e
p
u
ls
es
g
en
er
ate
d
to
t
r
ig
g
er
Sa2
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
tr
ig
g
er
s
w
itc
h
Sa1
b
y
co
m
p
li
m
e
n
ti
n
g
p
u
ls
e
s
o
f
s
w
i
t
ch
Sa2
u
s
i
n
g
a
NOT
g
ate.
Sim
ilar
l
y
p
u
ls
e
s
f
o
r
Sa4
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
tr
ig
g
er
s
w
itch
Sa3
b
y
co
m
p
li
m
en
t
in
g
p
u
l
s
es
o
f
s
w
itc
h
Sa4
u
s
i
n
g
a
NOT
g
ate
an
d
Sa6
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
tr
ig
g
er
s
w
itc
h
Sa5
b
y
co
m
p
l
i
m
e
n
ti
n
g
p
u
ls
e
s
o
f
s
w
i
t
ch
Sa6
u
s
in
g
a
NOT
g
ate
an
d
th
u
s
u
s
in
g
o
n
l
y
t
h
r
ee
d
r
iv
in
g
p
u
ls
es
s
ix
s
w
itc
h
es
ar
e
tr
ig
g
er
ed
i
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
R
V
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
S
w
itch
e
s
o
f
H
-
B
r
id
g
e
Sa7
a
n
d
Sa8
w
h
en
t
u
r
n
ed
ON,
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
es Sa9
an
d
Sa1
0
ar
e
tu
r
n
ed
OFF a
n
d
v
ice
-
v
er
s
a.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
I
n
-
P
h
ase
D
is
p
o
s
itio
n
Sin
e
P
W
M
to
Gen
er
ate
15
-
L
e
v
els
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
NS
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
-
g
ai
n
b
o
o
s
tin
g
an
d
SIM
O
v
o
ltag
e
b
alan
cin
g
w
i
th
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
a
n
d
as
y
m
m
etr
ical
R
V
ML
I
f
ed
R
-
lo
ad
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
an
d
a
n
al
y
ze
d
u
s
i
n
g
M
A
T
L
A
B
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
ar
am
eter
s
u
s
ed
to
s
i
m
u
late
a
n
d
d
esig
n
th
e
m
o
d
els ar
e
d
ep
icted
in
T
ab
le
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
1
8
:
210
–
2
1
9
216
T
ab
le 2
:
S
y
s
te
m
Par
a
m
eter
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
R
e
si
st
a
n
c
e
L
o
a
d
1
0
O
h
ms
D
u
t
y
C
y
c
l
e
0
.
5
R
ES O
u
t
p
u
t
5
0
V
I
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
1
.
3
3
mH
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
v
a
l
u
e
s i
n
h
i
g
h
g
a
i
n
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
1
0
0
µ
F
O
u
t
p
u
t
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
o
f
h
i
g
h
g
a
i
n
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
1
0
0
µ
F
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
s
i
n
S
I
M
O
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
(
3
N
o
s)
9
0
0
0
µ
F
DC
-
L
i
n
k
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
t
o
M
L
I
4
4
0
V
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
5
k
H
z
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
d
e
x
0
.
8
6
6
R
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
d
eli
v
er
s
5
0
V
o
u
tp
u
t
a
n
d
f
ee
d
s
D
C
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
h
ig
h
g
ai
n
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
a
n
d
SIM
O
co
n
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
a)
an
d
(
b
)
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
5
0
V
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
R
E
S
is
b
o
o
s
ted
to
3
0
0
V
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
r
ee
lev
e
l
DC
-
DC
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
is
in
t
e
g
r
a
ted
w
ith
SIM
O
co
n
v
er
ter
to
b
o
o
s
t
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
also
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
b
ala
n
ce
i
n
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
a
n
d
a
s
y
m
m
etr
ica
l
m
o
d
es
to
g
en
er
ate
r
eq
u
ir
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
lev
e
ls
.
SIM
O
co
n
v
er
ter
b
o
o
s
ts
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
3
0
0
V
f
r
o
m
h
i
g
h
g
a
in
co
n
v
er
ter
to
4
4
0
V
as sh
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
a)
Hig
h
Gai
n
DC
-
D
C
C
o
n
v
er
ter
Ou
tp
u
t
an
d
(
b
)
SIM
O
C
o
n
v
er
ter
Ou
tp
u
t
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
(
a)
SIM
O
C
o
n
v
er
ter
Ou
tp
u
t
of
S
y
m
m
etr
ical
Mo
d
e
to
Gen
er
ate
7
-
L
e
v
el
a
n
d
(
b
)
SIM
O
C
o
n
v
er
ter
Ou
tp
u
t
of
A
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
Mo
d
e
to
Gen
er
ate
15
-
L
e
v
el
Fig
u
r
es
1
0
(
a
)
an
d
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
ac
r
o
s
s
ea
ch
ca
p
ac
ito
r
o
f
SIM
O
co
n
v
er
ter
in
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
an
d
as
y
m
m
etr
ical
m
o
d
es
f
o
r
7
-
lev
el
an
d
1
5
-
le
v
el
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
I
n
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
ar
r
a
n
g
e
m
en
t
ea
c
h
ca
p
ac
ito
r
m
ai
n
tai
n
s
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
1
4
6
.
6
6
7
V
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
b
alan
ce
is
ac
h
iev
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
all
t
h
r
ee
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
o
f
SIM
O
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
ca
p
ac
ito
r
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
es
ar
e
f
ed
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
R
V
ML
I
.
I
n
as
y
m
m
e
tr
ical
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t t
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
al
ca
p
ac
i
to
r
s
ar
e
lis
ted
in
tab
le
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
teg
r
a
tio
n
o
f R
ev
ers
in
g
V
o
lta
g
e
Mu
ltil
ev
el
I
n
ve
r
ter To
p
o
lo
g
y
w
ith
Hig
h
V
o
lta
g
e
…
(
S
.
N
a
g
a
r
a
ja
R
a
o
)
217
T
ab
le
3
.
Valu
e
o
f
Vo
ltag
e
A
cr
o
s
s
th
e
In
d
i
v
id
u
a
l
ca
p
ac
I
to
r
s
in
A
s
y
m
m
e
tr
ical
Mo
d
e
S
.
N
o
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
r
a
t
i
o
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
c
r
o
ss i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
s
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
l
e
v
e
l
s
V
c1
V
c2
V
c3
1
1
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e
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o
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o
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s
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d
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to
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ate
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3
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d
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5
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el
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u
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ti
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6
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8
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3
6
6
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7
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an
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3
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9
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3
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r
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5
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ti
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el
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at
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ed
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el
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y
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m
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ical
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L
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h
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v
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r
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f
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an
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e
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r
ly
a
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r
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l
y
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m
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.
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Fig
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ase
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Fig
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e
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g
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ase
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l
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d
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m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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0
8
8
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8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
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1
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Ma
r
ch
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0
1
8
:
210
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9
218
(
a)
(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
1
3
(
a)
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g
le
p
h
a
s
e
11
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lev
el
R
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in
v
er
ter
o
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t
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g
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an
d
(
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r
esp
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n
d
in
g
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HD
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
(
a)
(
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u
r
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4
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a)
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g
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p
h
a
s
e
13
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lev
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ter
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u
r
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5
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a)
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g
le
p
h
a
s
e
15
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lev
el
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in
v
er
ter
o
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tp
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t
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d
(
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r
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d
in
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s
p
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tr
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m
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v
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g
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a
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d
co
r
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p
o
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in
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T
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co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
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o
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ed
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DC
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v
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ig
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ci
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h
p
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in
v
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ter
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i
g
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r
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to
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5
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it
h
d
if
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n
t
v
o
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s
to
g
en
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ate
7
,
9
,
1
1
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lev
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th
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d
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ca
n
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r
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d
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y
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cr
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s
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n
g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
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ltag
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lev
el
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
n
u
m
b
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o
f
co
m
p
o
n
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ts
a
n
d
d
c
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
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p
r
esen
ts
a
s
y
m
m
etr
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an
d
as
y
m
m
etr
ical
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I
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
i
th
a
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
v
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s
f
o
r
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n
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tin
g
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
f
r
o
m
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
f
r
o
m
R
E
S
is
b
o
o
s
ted
u
s
i
n
g
a
h
i
g
h
g
ain
D
C
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
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d
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
h
i
g
h
g
a
in
co
n
v
e
r
ter
is
s
p
li
t
i
n
to
t
h
r
ee
p
o
r
t
o
u
tp
u
t
u
s
i
n
g
a
SIM
O
co
n
v
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ter
a
ch
ie
v
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n
g
v
o
ltag
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alan
ce
ac
r
o
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s
th
r
ee
ca
p
ac
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r
s
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f
p
r
o
p
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s
ed
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ML
I
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
R
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ML
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to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
e
x
p
lain
ed
a
n
d
t
h
e
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m
p
lete
d
escr
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tio
n
w
a
s
d
e
p
icted
to
g
en
er
ate
7
,
9
,
1
1
,
1
3
an
d
1
5
lev
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w
it
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
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s
.
R
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S
g
iv
e
s
o
u
t
5
0
V
an
d
th
is
i
s
b
o
o
s
ted
to
3
0
0
V
u
s
in
g
h
ig
h
g
ai
n
co
n
v
er
ter
.
SIM
O
co
n
v
er
ter
p
r
i
m
ar
il
y
b
o
o
s
ts
th
e
3
0
0
V
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
h
ig
h
g
i
n
co
n
v
er
ter
to
4
4
0
V
an
d
s
p
lits
in
to
th
r
ee
p
ar
ts
w
it
h
eq
u
al
o
r
u
n
eq
u
a
l
v
o
lta
g
es
ac
r
o
s
s
th
r
ee
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
Si
m
u
la
tio
n
an
al
y
s
is
w
a
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
f
ed
R
-
lo
ad
.
L
o
ad
v
o
lt
ag
e
an
d
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
T
HD
w
er
e
s
h
o
w
n
f
o
r
7
,
9
,
1
1
,
1
3
an
d
1
5
lev
els
an
d
it
is
clea
r
th
at
b
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
el
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
as
y
m
m
etr
ical
R
V
M
L
I
r
ed
u
ce
s
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
c
v
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e
s
o
u
r
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s
a
n
d
p
o
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s
w
i
tch
es to
atta
i
n
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
le
v
els
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
er
E
lectr
o
n
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
teg
r
a
tio
n
o
f R
ev
ers
in
g
V
o
lta
g
e
Mu
ltil
ev
el
I
n
ve
r
ter To
p
o
lo
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y
w
ith
Hig
h
V
o
lta
g
e
…
(
S
.
N
a
g
a
r
a
ja
R
a
o
)
219
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
H.
Ch
a
,
J.
Ch
o
i
a
n
d
P
.
N.
En
jeti
,
"
A
T
h
re
e
-
P
h
a
se
Cu
rre
n
t
-
F
e
d
D
C/DC
Co
n
v
e
rter
W
it
h
A
c
ti
v
e
Cla
m
p
f
o
r
L
o
w
-
D
C
Re
n
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
S
o
u
rc
e
s,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
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s o
n
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
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ics
,
v
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2
3
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n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
7
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4
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2
7
9
3
,
No
v
.
2
0
0
8
.
[2
]
S
.
Na
g
a
ra
ja
Ra
o
,
D.V
.
A
sh
o
k
Ku
m
a
r
a
n
d
Ch
.
S
a
i
Ba
b
u
“
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rter
T
o
p
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
Distrib
u
ted
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
w
it
h
Hig
h
V
o
lt
a
g
e
G
a
in
Ca
sc
a
d
e
d
DC
-
DC
Co
n
v
e
rter”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
Dy
n
a
mi
c
a
l
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
S
y
ste
ms
,
V
o
l.
9
n
o
.
1
p
p
.
2
6
4
-
2
8
2
2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
J.
W
a
n
g
F
.
Z.
P
e
n
g
J.
A
n
d
e
rso
n
A
.
Jo
se
p
h
R.
Bu
f
f
e
n
b
a
rg
e
r
"
L
o
w
c
o
st
f
u
e
l
c
e
ll
c
o
n
v
e
rter
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
re
sid
e
n
ti
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
v
o
l.
1
9
n
o
.
5
p
p
.
1
3
1
5
-
1
3
2
2
S
e
p
.
2
0
0
4
.
[4
]
X
.
X
in
g
,
J.
L
in
,
C.
W
a
n
a
n
d
Y.
S
o
n
g
,
"
M
o
d
e
l
P
re
d
ictiv
e
Co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
L
P
C
-
L
o
o
p
e
d
A
c
ti
v
e
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
Ne
tw
o
rk
W
it
h
Hig
h
P
e
n
e
tratio
n
o
f
Distrib
u
te
d
G
e
n
e
r
a
ti
o
n
,
"
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
le
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
1
-
1
0
6
3
,
J
u
ly
2
0
1
7
.
[5
]
K.
W
h
e
e
ler,
M
.
El
sa
m
a
h
y
a
n
d
S
.
F
a
ried
,
"
Us
e
o
f
su
p
e
rc
o
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
f
a
u
lt
c
u
rre
n
t
li
m
it
e
rs
f
o
r
m
it
ig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
d
istri
b
u
te
d
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
i
n
f
lu
e
n
c
e
s
in
ra
d
ial
d
i
strib
u
ti
o
n
n
e
tw
o
rk
f
u
se
–
re
c
lo
se
r
p
ro
tec
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s,
"
IET
Ge
n
e
ra
t
io
n
,
T
ra
n
sm
issio
n
&
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
6
0
5
-
1
6
1
2
,
5
1
1
2
0
1
7
.
[6
]
P
e
d
ro
M
a
rti
n
G
a
rc
ia
-
V
it
e
.
"
N
o
v
e
l
DC
-
DC
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
B
o
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rte
r
"
,
2
0
0
8
IEE
E
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
S
p
e
c
ialists
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
0
6
/2
0
0
8
.
[7
]
S
.
Ke
n
z
e
lma
n
n
,
A
.
Ru
fe
r,
D.
Du
ji
c
,
F
.
Ca
n
a
les
a
n
d
Y.
R.
d
e
No
v
a
e
s
,
"
Iso
late
d
DC/DC
S
tru
c
tu
re
Ba
se
d
o
n
M
o
d
u
lar
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
Co
n
v
e
rter,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
3
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
9
-
9
8
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
5
.
[8
]
W
.
Ch
e
n
A
.
Q.
Hu
a
n
g
C.
L
i
G
.
W
a
n
g
W
.
G
u
"
A
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
m
e
d
iu
m
v
o
lt
a
g
e
h
ig
h
p
o
w
e
r
DC/DC
c
o
n
v
e
rters
f
o
r
o
ff
sh
o
re
w
in
d
e
n
e
rg
y
s
y
ste
m
s
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
v
o
l
.
2
8
n
o
.
4
p
p
.
2
0
1
4
-
2
0
2
3
A
p
r.
2
0
1
3
.
[9
]
Ju
li
o
C.
Ro
sa
s
-
Ca
ro
.
"
Vo
lt
a
g
e
b
a
la
n
c
i
n
g
in
DC/DC
mu
lt
il
e
v
e
l
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rte
rs
"
,
2
0
0
8
4
0
th
No
rth
Am
e
rica
n
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
m
p
o
siu
m
,
0
9
/2
0
0
8
.
[1
0
]
S
h
a
n
tan
u
C
h
a
tt
e
rjee
,
“
A
M
u
lt
i
lev
e
l
In
v
e
rter
Ba
se
d
o
n
S
VPW
M
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m (
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
2
-
7
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
1
]
Ra
o
,
S
.
N.;
Ku
m
a
r,
D.V
.
A
.
;
B
a
b
u
,
C.
S
.
,
"
Ne
w
mu
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rte
r
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
wit
h
re
d
u
c
e
d
n
u
mb
e
r
o
f
switch
e
s
u
sin
g
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
mo
d
u
l
a
ti
o
n
stra
teg
ies
,
"
Po
we
r,
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
(
ICPE
C),
2
0
1
3
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
,
n
o
.
,
p
p
.
6
9
3
-
6
9
9
,
6
-
8
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
3
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/IC
P
EC
.
2
0
1
3
.
6
5
2
7
7
4
5
.
[1
2
]
De
v
isre
e
S
a
si,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ge
n
e
ra
li
z
e
d
S
VP
W
M
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
Tw
o
Leg
g
e
d
T
h
re
e
P
h
a
se
M
u
lt
i
lev
e
l
In
v
e
rter
”,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
i
c
s a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m (
IJ
PE
DS
),
V
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
7
9
-
2
8
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
3
]
Y.
S
u
re
sh
A
n
u
p
Ku
m
a
r
P
a
n
d
a
"
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
n
h
y
b
rid
c
a
sc
a
d
e
d
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rt
e
r
w
it
h
re
d
u
c
e
d
d
c
so
u
rc
e
s
"
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
v
o
l.
2
6
p
p
.
4
9
-
5
9
2
0
1
3
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
R
S
S
.
Na
g
a
r
a
ja
Ra
o
w
a
s
b
o
rn
in
Ka
d
a
p
a
,
In
d
ia.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
T
e
c
h
d
e
g
r
e
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Ja
wa
h
a
rlal
Ne
h
ru
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ica
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
H
y
d
e
ra
b
a
d
in
2
0
0
6
;
M
.
T
e
c
h
(P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
)
f
ro
m
th
e
sa
m
e
u
n
iv
e
rsit
y
in
2
0
0
8
.
He
i
s
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
n
A
s
st.P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
in
th
e
De
p
t.
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
M
.
S
.
Ra
m
a
iah
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
A
p
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
Ba
n
g
a
lo
re
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
w
o
rk
in
g
to
w
a
rd
s
th
e
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Ja
w
a
h
a
rlal
Ne
h
ru
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ica
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
Ka
k
in
a
d
a
,
Ka
k
in
a
d
a
,
A
.
P
.
,
IND
IA
.
H
e
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
/
p
re
se
n
ted
tec
h
n
ica
l
re
se
a
rc
h
p
a
p
e
rs
in
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
i
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
j
o
u
r
n
a
ls/co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
s
.
His a
re
a
o
f
in
tere
st
in
c
l
u
d
e
s
P
o
w
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
El
e
c
tri
c
d
riv
e
s
.
D.
V
.
A
sho
k
K
u
m
a
r
wa
s
b
o
rn
i
n
Na
n
d
y
a
l,
In
d
ia
in
1
9
7
5
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
E
(El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
)
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
G
u
lb
a
rg
a
Un
iv
e
r
sit
y
a
n
d
th
e
M
.
T
e
c
h
(El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
st
e
m
s)
f
ro
m
J.N.
T
.
U.C.
E,
An
a
n
tap
u
r
a
n
d
P
h
.
D
i
n
S
o
lar
E
n
e
rg
y
f
ro
m
sa
m
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
h
e
is
w
o
rk
in
g
a
s
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
in
t
h
e
De
p
t.
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
R.
G
.
M
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Na
n
d
y
a
l
.
H
e
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
/
p
re
se
n
ted
tec
h
n
ica
l
re
se
a
rc
h
p
a
p
e
rs
in
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
i
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
ls/co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
s
.
His
f
ield
o
f
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
s
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
M
a
c
h
in
e
s,
P
o
w
e
r
e
lec
tr
o
n
ics
,
P
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s a
n
d
S
o
lar
E
n
e
rg
y
.
Ch
.
S
a
i
B
a
b
u
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
th
e
B.
E.
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
i
c
s
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
in
1
9
8
3
f
ro
m
A
U
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Waltair,
a
n
d
th
e
M
.
T
e
c
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
M
a
c
h
in
e
s
a
n
d
In
d
u
strial
Driv
e
s,
in
1
9
8
6
f
ro
m
th
e
Re
g
io
n
a
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Co
ll
e
g
e
W
a
ra
n
g
a
l,
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
Re
li
a
b
il
it
y
S
tu
d
ies
o
f
HV
DC
Co
n
v
e
rters
,
in
1
9
9
6
f
ro
m
Ja
wa
h
a
rlal
Ne
h
ru
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ica
l
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
H
y
d
e
ra
b
a
d
,
A
.
P
.
,
I
ND
IA
.
He
i
s
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
P
ro
f
e
s
so
r
a
n
d
Re
g
istrar
,
J
a
w
a
h
a
rlal
Ne
h
ru
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ica
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
Ka
k
in
a
d
a
,
Ka
k
in
a
d
a
,
A
.
P
.
,
I
ND
IA
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
P
o
w
e
r
S
e
m
ico
n
d
u
c
to
r
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
e
lec
tri
c
d
riv
e
s,
Re
so
n
a
n
t
Co
n
v
e
rters
,
M
u
lt
i
lev
e
l
Co
n
v
e
rters
,
F
lex
ib
le
A
C
T
ra
n
s
m
is
sio
n
S
y
st
e
m
s
(F
A
C
T
S
),
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
t
y
a
n
d
S
o
lar
P
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