In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
4, D
e
c
e
m
ber
201
9,
pp.
2214~
22
21
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
4.pp2214-2221
2214
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
D-STATCON model for vol
tage sag mitigation
Hen
d
ri
M
asdi
1
,
R
i
n
i
N
u
r
H
a
s
a
n
a
h
2
, Had
i
Su
yon
o
3
,
Ism
ail Bin
Mu
sirin
4
,
T
a
u
f
ik
5
1
Dep
a
rtm
e
nt o
f El
ectrical
En
g
i
n
eer
i
ng,
U
niv
e
rs
itas
N
egeri
P
a
dang
(UN
P), Ind
o
n
e
s
i
a
2,
3
Dep
a
rtm
e
nt
of El
ectrical En
g
i
n
eer
i
ng,
U
nivers
itas
B
raw
i
j
a
ya
(
UB
),
I
nd
onesia
4
F
a
cu
lt
y
of
E
l
ectri
cal E
ngi
neeri
n
g
,
U
niv
e
rsi
t
i
Teknol
og
i
MA
RA
(
U
iT
M), M
a
l
ays
i
a
5
Elect
rical En
g
ineerin
g D
e
partm
e
n
t
,
C
a
l
i
f
or
n
i
a
P
o
ly
te
c
h
n
i
c
S
t
a
t
e
U
nivers
it
y
(Ca
l
Pol
y
),
U
SA
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
Re
ce
i
v
e
d
A
pr 10,
2
0
1
9
R
e
v
i
s
e
d
Jun
7
,
2
019
A
c
c
e
pte
d
J
u
l
24,
201
9
Dev
e
lo
pm
ent
o
f
a
F
ACT
S
d
ev
ice
m
o
del
f
o
r
miti
gatin
g
v
o
ltage
s
ag
is
pres
ent
e
d
.
I
t
d
e
als
w
i
th
a
s
t
a
tic
s
y
n
ch
ron
ous
c
o
n
d
e
nser
(
S
T
ATCO
N)
t
o
be
us
ed
i
n
t
h
e
AC
d
i
s
tri
buti
o
n
n
e
two
r
ks
.
Sim
u
l
a
ti
on
w
ith
the
hel
p
of
a
com
m
e
rcial
s
o
ftw
a
re
M
atl
a
b
/
Sim
u
lin
k
was
e
x
p
l
o
r
e
d
t
o
invest
ig
a
t
e
i
t
s
chara
c
t
e
ri
stics
and
perf
orm
a
n
c
e
duri
n
g
th
e
vo
ltag
e
s
ag
o
ccu
r
r
en
ce.
T
h
e
con
s
i
d
ered
m
ain
cau
se
o
f
vol
tag
e
s
ag
w
as
t
he
s
t
a
rt
in
g
o
f
h
igh
c
apacity
asy
n
ch
rono
us
m
ot
or.
A
vo
ltag
e
s
ource
in
verter
b
a
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
ph
a
s
e-con
t
ro
lled
th
yrist
o
r
co
m
ponen
t
s
w
a
s
im
p
l
e
m
ent
e
d
in
t
h
i
s
a
p
p
licatio
n
to
c
o
m
pen
s
ate
th
e
chan
ge
i
n
rea
c
tive
po
wer
o
f
t
he
s
ystem
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
cerns
h
ave
b
e
en
p
u
t
on
t
he
inf
l
u
e
nce
of
i
nitial
o
p
eration
poin
t
a
nd
D
C
c
a
pacit
a
nce.
T
h
e
s
t
udy
r
esults
sh
ow
t
he
capab
il
ity
o
f
D
-ST
A
TCO
N
m
od
e
l
t
o
red
u
ce
th
e
co
ns
equ
e
n
c
e
of
vo
lt
age
sag
f
o
llo
w
in
g
t
h
e
s
t
arting
of
h
igh
-
po
we
r
as
ynch
r
on
ou
s
m
ot
or
i
n
th
e
di
st
rib
u
ti
on
n
etwo
rk.
A
f
a
st
r
esp
ons
e
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
nden
s
er
w
ork
c
o
n
firm
ed
t
he
des
i
red
perf
orm
a
n
ce.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
D
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
on ne
tw
ork
D-
S
T
ATCON
Re
ac
t
i
ve
p
ow
er
c
om
pensat
i
o
n
St
a
t
i
c
sy
n
c
h
r
on
ou
s c
ond
en
s
e
r
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
sa
g m
i
t
i
ga
ti
o
n
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
Rini Nur
Has
anah,
D
e
pa
rtme
nt
o
f
El
e
c
t
rica
l
Eng
i
ne
eri
ng,
Universitas Br
aw
i
j
aya,
Jala
n
M
T
H
ar
yono
1
67
Mala
n
g
6
5
145
In
do
n
e
sia.
Em
ail:
rin
i
.
h
as
ana
h
@
ub.ac
.id
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
I
n
t
h
e
o
l
d
d
a
y
s
,
i
t
w
a
s
m
o
s
t
l
y
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
c
a
l
e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
w
h
i
c
h
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
u
s
e
d
to
c
ont
ro
l
i
ndu
s
t
ri
al
proce
s
se
s.
T
he
m
echa
n
ica
l
e
q
u
i
p
me
n
t
i
s
mu
c
h
m
ore
tolera
nt
t
o
v
o
ltage
d
ist
u
rbanc
e
s
.
N
o
w
a
days,
m
a
ny
kin
d
s
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
ro
ni
c
co
mp
on
en
ts
a
re
f
oun
d
i
n
m
od
e
r
n
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
equ
i
p
m
e
nt
,
li
k
e
o
p
t
i
c
al
d
ev
i
c
es,
p
r
og
ra
mmab
l
e
l
ogi
c
con
t
ro
l
l
ers,
a
n
d
a
dj
usta
bl
e
s
p
ee
d
dr
ives.
As
t
he
e
le
ctr
o
n
i
cs
c
o
mpone
n
t
s
are
v
e
ry
s
e
n
sit
i
v
e
t
o
v
o
lt
ag
e
di
st
urba
nces,
the
pow
er
u
ti
li
ty
c
om
pan
y
m
ust g
u
ar
antee
the
qua
l
i
t
y o
f
p
o
w
er
d
elivere
d
t
o c
u
stom
ers
[1
-7].
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
e
n
d
i
s
t
u
r
b
a
n
c
e
w
h
i
c
h
m
a
y
b
r
i
n
g
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
t
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
dev
i
ce
s
is
vol
ta
ge
s
a
g
[
1,
3
,
4,
6
-10].
It
i
s
de
sc
ribe
d
as
a
r
edu
c
ti
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
e
ffe
cti
v
e
val
u
e
o
f
the
ne
t
w
ork
v
o
lta
ge
a
t
fu
nd
a
m
ental
fr
eq
uen
c
y
t
o
the
va
l
u
e
betw
e
e
n
0.1
a
nd
0.
9
pe
r
u
n
it
w
i
t
h
t
he
l
e
n
g
t
h
o
f
t
ime
from
o
n
e
-
hal
f
c
yc
le
t
o
o
n
e
mi
nu
te.
The
sa
g
is
cha
r
ac
t
e
rize
d
us
ing
bo
t
h
i
ts
m
agni
tude
a
n
d
time
dura
tio
n.
T
he
d
ura
t
i
o
n
i
s
norm
a
l
l
y
re
la
t
e
d
t
o
t
he
r
eq
uire
d
t
i
me
t
o
cl
e
a
r t
h
e f
a
u
l
t
by
t
h
e
p
ro
t
ect
ing
d
e
vi
ces.
V
o
l
t
age
sa
g
s
a
r
e
b
ec
o
m
in
g
bi
g
pro
b
lem
s
i
n
ma
ny
i
n
d
u
s
t
ria
l
c
ompa
ni
e
s
[
1
-
4,
6
,
7]
a
nd
cons
i
d
ere
d
t
o
be
r
eal
l
y
d
is
tu
r
b
i
ng
be
ca
use
the
eve
n
t
s
a
re
o
f
r
a
n
dom
o
c
c
urr
e
nc
e
an
d
la
st
in
g
o
n
l
y
i
n
a
ve
ry
s
hort
time
.
More
ove
r,
t
he
y
bec
o
m
e
t
he
m
ost
bu
r
d
e
n
s
o
me
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
qua
l
it
y
f
o
r
ma
ny
in
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
c
u
s
t
o
m
e
rs
to
da
y [3, 4]
.
V
o
l
t
age
sa
gs,
a
s
i
n
d
ica
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
gur
e
1,
m
a
y
b
ri
ng
ab
o
u
t
the
dam
age
in
e
qu
ip
m
e
nt,
the distur
ba
nce o
f
pro
duc
t
i
o
n
,
or
e
ven
t
h
e
tri
p
pi
ng
of
p
ro
tec
t
i
o
n
rela
ys.
Th
e
in
te
r
e
s
t
i
n
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
a
g
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
con
t
in
uou
sl
y
i
n
cre
a
si
ng
bec
a
u
se
o
f
the
la
rg
e
a
p
p
lic
a
tio
n
of
s
en
s
i
tive
e
l
ec
tro
n
i
c
d
e
v
ice
s
i
n
m
o
dern
i
nd
us
try.
[
1
,
2
,
8
,
9
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
-
ST
AT
C
O
N
m
ode
l fo
r v
o
lt
a
g
e
sa
g m
i
t
i
g
a
t
i
on (
R
i
n
i
Nur H
a
sa
n
ah)
2
215
Thi
s
s
tu
dy
d
e
a
l
s
w
i
t
h
th
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
sag
s
b
r
o
ug
ht
a
bo
ut
b
y
t
h
e
st
a
r
tin
g
o
f
h
ig
h-
p
o
w
e
r
async
hr
o
n
ous
m
o
tor
s
i
n
the
netw
or
k.
T
he
o
cc
ur
r
e
nc
e
o
f
v
o
l
tage
s
a
g
s
w
i
l
l
s
l
o
w
d
ow
n
the
o
p
er
a
tio
n
o
f
m
ot
or
,
a
l
t
h
o
u
g
h
usu
a
l
l
y
i
t w
i
l
l
n
o
t
s
t
op
t
h
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
on
u
n
le
ss
bei
n
g tr
ip
pe
d b
y
th
e
p
r
ot
ec
tiv
e
co
nt
acto
r
s. B
ad
c
on
s
e
qu
e
n
ces
m
a
y
oc
cur
i
n
a
f
or
m
of
t
or
q
u
e
o
s
ci
lla
t
i
o
n
s
w
h
i
c
h
ar
e
c
a
used
by
ve
r
y
d
ee
p
sags,
or
t
he
t
r
i
pp
ing
of
r
ela
y
s.
T
his
si
tua
t
i
o
n
ma
y
be
f
o
u
nd
w
h
e
n
h
ig
h
c
u
r
r
e
nts
ar
e
dr
a
w
n
by
t
h
e
m
o
to
r du
ring
star
ting
[2
,
1
1
-
14
].
I
n
a
n
u
n
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
s
a
g
m
a
y
a
l
s
o
a
f
f
e
c
t
t
h
e
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
-
s
eq
ue
nc
e
vo
l
t
age.
A
s
th
e
ne
ga
t
i
v
e
-
se
que
nce
of
m
otor
i
m
p
e
d
a
n
ce
i
s
us
ua
ll
y
l
o
w
,
a
l
ar
ge
c
ur
r
e
nt
c
om
p
one
n
t
o
f
ne
ga
ti
ve-
s
e
que
nce
w
i
l
l
b
e
ab
so
r
b
ed
.
Th
e
cu
rren
t
b
e
i
n
g
d
rawn
b
y
mo
to
r
is
a
l
s
o
hig
h
,
m
ak
ing
i
t
n
ece
ssa
r
y
t
o
bui
ld
t
h
e
a
i
r-g
ap
f
lu
x
and
a
cce
ler
a
t
e
t
he
m
ac
hi
ne
a
ga
i
n
a
fter
t
he
v
ol
t
a
g
e
r
ec
over
y
[
15
]
.
C
onse
q
ue
n
t
l
y
,
th
e
d
u
r
a
t
i
on
of
s
a
g
a
ft
er
t
he
f
a
u
lt
wil
l
b
e
lo
nge
r
in
c
ase
the
l
o
a
d
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
tor
is
l
arge
r
t
h
a
n
t
he
i
mpe
d
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
stem
.
The
refere
nce
[1
6]
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
th
e
res
u
lt
s
o
f
t
he
s
tu
dy
a
bo
ut
t
h
e
i
nf
lu
en
ce
o
f
a
syn
c
hr
o
n
ous
m
ot
or
s
o
n
t
he
v
ol
t
a
ge
s
ags
dur
in
g
fau
l
ts.
F
i
gur
e
1.
A
w
avef
or
m
exam
pl
e
of
v
o
l
tage
s
a
g
S
o
m
e
m
e
a
sur
e
s
ta
ke
n
t
o
h
a
n
dle
the
vo
lta
ge
s
ags
pr
oble
m
a
r
e
a
m
o
n
g
ot
he
r
s
u
sin
g
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
v
o
l
t
a
ge
r
e
stor
er
s
[
8
,
1
1
]
,
distr
i
b
u
te
d
g
e
ne
r
a
t
i
o
n
u
ni
ts
[
12,
17]
,
an
d
F
ar
aday
e
xc
ha
nger
[1
8]
.
S
o
m
e
o
the
r
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
es
t
o
re
d
u
c
e
t
h
e
vol
t
a
g
e
s
ag
a
re
t
h
e
i
nj
e
c
ti
on
o
f
reac
t
i
v
e
cu
rren
t
i
n
s
hu
n
t
c
o
n
n
ec
t
i
o
n
a
nd
the
in
j
e
c
t
i
o
n
of
vol
ta
ge
i
n
se
r
i
es
c
on
ne
c
t
i
o
n.
A
r
ese
a
r
c
h
o
n
t
he
m
i
t
i
ga
t
i
o
n
of
v
ol
t
a
ge
s
a
g
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
u
s
e
of
s
in
gl
e-ph
a
s
e
vo
l
t
a
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
ver
t
e
r
h
as
b
ee
n
pe
r
f
or
me
d
i
n
[
1
5
]
.
A
s
t
a
ti
c
com
p
e
n
sa
t
o
r
co
nne
ct
ed
i
n
seri
e
s
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
c
o
mb
in
ed
w
i
t
h
a
c
o
n
v
er
ter
con
n
e
cted
i
n
shu
n
t
to
t
he
l
oa
d-
si
de
[
1
9
-
2
2]
.
A
D
-
S
T
A
T
CO
N
,
a
s
bein
g c
a
t
egor
iz
ed
i
n
shu
n
t
c
o
mpe
n
sa
tio
n
d
e
v
i
ce
s
,
c
a
n
be
u
se
d
f
o
r
sag
mit
i
ga
t
i
o
n
[
2
3
-
2
5
]
.
T
he
D
-
S
TA
TCO
N
ca
n
be
o
b
t
ai
ne
d
u
s
i
ng
a
V
S
C
a
n
d
a
D
C
b
an
k
be
in
g
c
h
a
r
ge
d
thr
o
u
gh
a
br
i
dge
r
ectifier
an
d
a
pro
p
er
c
on
tro
l
.
The
D-STA
T
C
O
N
i
s
f
u
n
ct
ion
i
ng
t
o
i
n
j
e
c
t
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
t
o
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
h
e
n
the
vo
lta
ge
s
a
g
o
cc
ur
s.
T
he
a
moun
t
of
r
eac
tive
p
o
w
e
r
can
b
e
ad
j
us
ted
by
c
o
ntr
o
l
l
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
ir
i
ng
a
ngl
e
of
t
h
e
th
yr
is
t
o
r
or
t
he
D
C
value
[
20]
.
The
v
o
l
t
a
ge
r
est
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
h
as
b
e
e
n
implem
ente
d
usi
ng
a
to
po
log
y
c
on
sis
t
i
n
g
o
f
s
e
r
i
e
s
and
s
h
u
n
t
c
o
n
n
ec
ti
o
n
s
[
1
5
,
23,
24]
.
Th
r
ee
sin
g
l
e
-
pha
se
V
S
I
s
is
c
on
nec
t
e
d
i
n
s
e
r
i
e
s
t
o
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
-
s
i
d
e
,
w
h
e
r
e
a
s
a
3
-
pha
se
d
i
o
de
r
ec
tif
i
e
r
is
i
n
s
h
unt
c
o
n
n
ec
ti
on
t
o
ma
inta
i
n
t
h
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
of
t
he
i
nj
e
c
t
ed
vol
t
a
g
e
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
dc
-
l
i
nk
c
a
pac
i
tor
.
T
he
s
ag
d
e
t
ec
t
i
o
n
a
nd
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
have
b
ee
n
b
as
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
pha
se
d
ete
c
t
i
on
a
nd
t
h
e
sy
nch
r
on
o
u
sly
r
o
t
a
t
i
ng
r
ef
eren
ce-frame
t
ran
s
f
o
r
m
ation
.
Th
is
p
aper
p
rese
n
t
s
a
D-S
T
ATCON
m
ode
l
for
vo
lta
ge
s
a
g
m
it
i
g
a
t
i
o
n.
I
t
exp
l
or
e
s
t
he
d
eve
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
of
a
t
h
y
r
i
s
t
or
-
b
a
s
e
d
D
-
S
TA
TC
O
N
m
ode
l
and
its
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
ion
ca
p
a
bi
lit
y
per
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
m
i
t
i
ga
tin
g
t
h
e
vo
lta
ge
s
a
g
s
ca
use
d
by
asy
n
c
h
r
o
n
ous
m
ot
or
s
star
t
in
g
[
11-
1
4
]
.
2.
RESEARCH METHOD
D
-
S
T
A
T
C
O
N
is
c
om
mon
l
y
used
t
o
o
v
e
r
com
e
t
he
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
pow
e
r
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
i
n
t
h
e
d
i
str
i
b
u
ti
on
ne
t
w
or
k
be
ing
ca
used
by
loa
d
v
ar
ia
t
i
o
n
.
A
n
u
nac
c
e
p
t
a
b
l
e
vo
lta
ge
v
a
r
ia
t
i
o
n
m
ay
b
e
re
su
lte
d
fo
ll
owing
the
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
u
n
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
.
I
t
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
i
n
a
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
w
i
t
h
a
b
a
d
p
o
w
e
r
fac
t
or
o
r
of
te
n
v
o
lta
ge
r
eg
u
l
at
i
on,
e
v
en
i
f
t
h
e
m
o
st
o
f
t
en
a
pp
lic
a
tio
n
is
t
o
o
v
e
r
com
e
t
he
v
ol
ta
ge
s
ta
b
i
l
i
t
y
p
r
o
blem
[
6,
16]
.
The
D
-
S
T
A
T
C
O
N
is
c
a
pab
l
e
o
f
act
i
ng
f
a
ster
t
ha
n
a
stat
i
c
V
A
R
c
om
pen
s
at
or
(
S
V
C)
,
s
upp
or
t
i
n
g
t
he
g
r
i
d
sta
b
i
l
i
t
y
b
y
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
pr
ovi
d
i
n
g
v
a
r
ia
ble
r
eac
t
i
ve
p
o
w
er
i
n
r
e
spons
e
to
vol
tag
e
v
a
r
i
a
t
io
ns.
2.
1.
B
a
si
c
f
u
n
c
t
i
on
in
g
of
D
-S
T
A
TC
ON
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
2
2
1
4
– 2
221
2
216
A
S
T
ATCON
i
s
f
u
n
c
ti
oni
ng
b
a
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
pri
n
ci
pl
e
of
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
ou
r
ce
c
on
verte
r
(
VS
C
)
.
The
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
source
is re
su
lt
ed from
a
DC
capa
c
i
t
or
, ma
k
i
n
g
i
t
h
a
v
e ver
y
li
t
tl
e
acti
v
e
po
wer
ca
p
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
.
Thi
s
d
ra
wb
ack
m
a
y
some
tim
es
b
e
ove
rc
om
e
by
pro
v
i
d
in
g
an
e
nerg
y
st
orage
de
v
i
c
e
w
h
i
ch
i
s
adde
d
t
o
t
he
D
C
c
a
pac
i
t
o
r.
T
he
s
h
u
n
t
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
F
A
C
T
S
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
l
i
k
e
a
D
-
S
T
A
T
C
O
N
o
f
f
e
r
m
o
r
e
a
d
v
a
n
ta
ges
t
h
a
n
a
s
er
i
e
s
dev
i
ce.
T
he
y
c
a
n
als
o
b
e
u
s
ed
a
t
the
sa
m
e
t
i
m
e
to
c
ontr
o
l
th
e
stea
dy-s
t
a
t
e
v
o
l
t
a
ge,
to
d
a
m
p
the
os
ci
l
l
at
i
o
n
of
l
oa
d
p
o
w
e
r,
a
n
d
als
o
a
s
a
bac
k
-u
p
p
o
w
e
r
sourc
e
.
S
o
m
e
a
ppl
ica
t
io
ns
o
f
D
-
S
T
A
T
CO
N
for
m
itig
a
t
i
n
g
the
v
o
lta
ge
s
a
g
a
r
e
prese
n
t
e
d i
n
[
10,
25].
A
s
s
how
n
in
t
he
b
a
s
ic
f
u
n
c
t
i
ona
l
m
ode
l
o
f
a
S
TA
TCO
N
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
2
,
t
h
e
amp
l
it
ud
e
of
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
source
i
s
a
d
j
u
ste
d
t
o
co
n
t
r
o
l
t
h
e
re
act
i
v
e
p
o
w
er
a
t
the
t
e
rm
i
n
a
l
s
o
f
STA
T
C
ON.
T
h
e
S
TATCON
wil
l
g
en
er
at
e
rea
c
ti
ve
c
urre
nt
w
he
n
t
h
e
A
C
v
o
lta
ge
a
t
t
h
e
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
con
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
i
s
l
e
ss
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
erter
v
o
l
t
a
g
e,
a
nd
vice-
versa.
T
h
e
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
t
i
m
e
o
f
a
S
T
A
T
C
O
N
i
s
s
h
o
r
t
e
r
t
h
a
n
t
h
a
t
o
f
a
n
S
V
C
,
espec
i
a
l
ly
d
ue
t
o
t
h
e
fa
st
sw
it
c
h
i
n
g t
i
m
e
s
pro
v
i
d
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
t
ype
o
f
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
use
d in t
he
co
nv
e
r
t
e
r.
I
t
al
so
p
rovi
de
s
a
b
e
t
t
er
s
upp
o
r
t
in
rea
c
ti
ve
p
ow
er
a
t
low
A
C
v
ol
t
a
ge
c
o
n
d
i
tio
n
t
h
an
a
n
S
V
C
d
o
e
s
.
It
i
s
b
e
c
a
use
t
h
e
r
e
sulte
d
r
eac
tive
po
w
e
r
dec
r
ea
se
s
l
i
n
ea
r
l
y
w
h
e
n
t
he
A
C
v
o
l
ta
ge
d
e
c
re
ases,
by
ma
i
n
ta
in
in
g
the
c
u
rrent
a
t
the
ra
te
d
va
lue
e
v
en
a
t
a
low
A
C
v
olta
ge
[
2
6
-3
1].
A
s
i
t
in
vo
l
v
es
o
n
l
y
rea
c
tive
p
o
w
e
r,
t
here
i
s
n
o
pha
se
d
iffe
rence
b
e
tw
ee
n
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
ge
o
f
the
D
-
S
T
A
T
C
O
N
out
put
a
nd
t
h
e
A
C
s
ys
te
m
,
w
he
n
circ
u
it
l
o
sses
are
n
eg
l
e
c
t
e
d
.
Th
e
ph
a
s
e
of
c
u
rrent
d
ra
wn
from
t
he
D
-S
TA
TCO
N
i
s
9
0o
sh
ifte
d
w
i
t
h
r
espe
c
t
t
o
t
h
e
phase
o
f
A
C
s
yste
m
vo
l
t
a
g
e,
w
he
ther
i
t
c
a
n
be
lead
i
ng (
g
e
n
er
atin
g
rea
c
ti
ve pow
e
r)
or la
ggin
g
(
absor
b
i
n
g re
ac
t
i
v
e
pow
er
)
.
F
i
gure
2.
D
-S
TA
TCO
N
func
ti
ona
l
mode
l
2.2.
Cont
rol p
r
inc
i
p
l
e of
re
a
ctive
powe
r
Th
e
fl
o
w
o
f
re
ac
t
i
v
e
po
we
r
be
t
w
ee
n
th
e
D-STATC
O
N
an
d
t
h
e
AC
vol
t
a
ge
s
ys
t
e
m
is
u
nder
t
ake
n
b
y
adj
u
s
tin
g
t
h
e
out
p
u
t
v
o
lta
ge
o
f
D
-
S
T
A
T
CO
N
w
ith
r
e
s
pe
c
t
t
o
t
h
a
t
of
t
he
A
C
sy
stem
vol
tage
i
n
order
t
o
a
dj
ust
the a
m
o
u
n
t a
n
d t
y
pe o
f r
eac
ti
ve
p
ow
er
(c
a
pa
citi
ve or
i
n
d
u
c
tive)
to be
s
up
p
l
ie
d to t
he A
C
syste
m
.
The
re
acti
v
e
pow
er
to be
s
u
p
p
lied
i
s
g
ive
n
by
(
1
)
wher
e
Q
r
epre
se
n
t
s
the
rea
c
t
i
ve
p
ow
e
r
t
o
b
e
e
xc
ha
n
g
e
d
,
V
D-
S
T
AT
C
O
N
i
s
t
h
e
ma
g
n
it
ude
o
f
the
D
-
STATCO
N
o
u
t
p
ut
vol
t
a
g
e
,
V
s
i
s
the
m
a
g
n
i
t
ude
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
em
v
o
lta
ge,
a
nd
X
i
s
the
equ
i
vale
n
t
i
mp
e
d
ance
b
e
t
we
e
n
D
-
S
T
A
T
CO
N
a
nd
the
A
C
s
y
s
te
m.
T
he
p
osit
i
v
e
va
lue
o
f
Q
m
ea
ns
t
hat
re
act
i
v
e
pow
er
i
s
s
u
pp
lied
t
o
t
he
s
y
s
tem
by D
-
S
T
A
T
CO
N
, and
vi
c
e
-v
e
r
sa.
2.3.
Simu
la
t
i
o
n
mo
d
el
The
sim
u
l
a
tio
n
mode
l
o
f
D
-S
TA
TCO
N
for
th
e
pur
pose
of
v
o
lta
ge
m
i
ti
ga
t
i
o
n
b
e
i
ng
ca
use
d
b
y
asy
n
chr
o
n
o
u
s
m
otor
s
ta
rt
i
n
g
i
s
g
ive
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
3
.
A
s
i
ndi
c
a
ted,
i
t
co
mpri
se
s
a
th
ree
-
ph
a
s
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
-
so
u
r
ced
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
-
ST
AT
CO
N
m
ode
l
f
o
r
vol
t
a
g
e
sa
g m
i
t
i
g
a
ti
on (
R
ini
Nur H
a
sa
n
ah)
2
217
in
verter
t
o
for
m
t
he
o
u
t
pu
t
vo
l
t
age
w
a
ve
.
To
m
ainta
i
n
t
h
e
dc
-so
urce
e
nerg
y,
s
ix
u
nc
on
tro
lle
d
sw
i
t
che
s
(di
odes)
h
a
v
e
bee
n
u
se
d.
T
h
e
i
n
v
er
t
e
r
bri
d
ge
a
n
d
d
i
ode
s
brid
ge
a
r
e
co
n
n
ect
ed
t
o
g
e
th
er
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
b
ei
ng
con
n
ec
ted
to t
h
e
g
rid v
i
a
a
t
r
ansform
e
r
.
The
injec
t
i
o
n
of
c
ur
ren
t
t
o
t
h
e
A
C
v
o
lta
ge
s
ystem
is
p
e
r
for
m
e
d
b
y
t
he
i
n
v
erte
r
br
id
ge
o
f
the
D
-
S
T
A
T
C
O
N
.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
,
t
h
e
D
-
S
T
A
T
C
O
N
w
i
l
l
s
u
p
p
l
y
t
h
e
V
A
R
s
t
o
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
em
w
hen
t
h
e
vo
l
t
ag
e
of
D
-S
TA
TCO
N
ou
tpu
t
i
s
h
i
ghe
r
t
h
a
n
t
ha
t
of
t
he
s
ys
tem
.
O
therw
i
s
e,
t
h
e
f
l
o
w
o
f
r
e
act
ive
p
o
wer
exc
h
a
n
ge
w
ill
be r
ever
sed.
F
i
gure
3.
D
-S
TA
TCO
N
simul
a
t
i
o
n
c
ircu
it
F
i
gur
e 4.
G
e
n
era
t
i
on a
n
d a
b
so
rpt
i
o
n
of re
act
i
v
e
pow
er
, w
he
re
V
D-
S
T
AT
C
O
N
i
s
D-
S
T
ATCON
o
u
tp
ut
vo
l
t
a
g
e
an
d
V
s
is t
h
e
term
ina
l
vo
l
tage
3.
RESULT
S
A
N
D
ANALY
S
IS
Th
e
ci
rc
ui
t
shown
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
was
si
mu
l
a
t
e
d
wi
th
t
h
e
h
el
p
o
f
M
a
t
l
a
b
/S
i
m
ul
i
n
k
so
ftw
a
re.
Tw
o
c
a
ses
w
e
r
e
c
onsi
d
e
r
ed;
the
first
one
w
a
s
t
he
s
yste
m
si
m
u
lat
i
on
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
D
-
S
T
A
T
CO
N
,
w
herea
s
t
he
s
ec
on
d
one
w
as
w
ith
t
he
u
se
o
f
the
D
-
S
T
A
T
CO
N
.
I
n
bot
h
c
o
nd
iti
o
n
s,
i
t
w
a
s
assum
e
d
t
ha
t
t
h
e
sta
r
tin
g
o
f
a
syn
c
hro
n
o
u
s
m
ot
or
occ
u
rred
0.2
5
s
e
c
on
d a
f
ter
the
ini
t
i
a
l
ti
m
e
o
f
sys
t
em
ope
rat
i
o
n
.
The
vo
lta
ge
w
a
v
efor
ms
o
f
t
h
e
syste
m
w
it
h
a
nd
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
D
-
S
TA
TCO
N
ar
e
give
n
in
F
i
gur
e
5.
A
s
c
a
n
b
e
o
b
s
e
r
ved
,
t
he
m
a
g
ni
tud
e
o
f
t
h
e
vol
t
a
g
e
s
ag
i
s
of
7
6%
i
n
mag
n
i
t
u
d
e
a
nd
t
h
e
re
l
a
t
e
d
du
rat
i
on
i
s
a
r
o
u
nd
0
.
53
sec.
F
igure
5a repr
e
sents
the
l
i
ne v
o
l
tage
w
a
v
eform
at
l
oa
d
ter
mina
l
d
u
ring
t
h
e
v
o
lta
ge
s
a
g
o
c
c
u
rre
nce
bef
o
re
the
im
p
l
em
ent
a
tio
n
o
f
D
-STA
TC
O
N
in
t
h
e
s
ystem
,
w
her
eas
F
igure
5
b
show
s
t
h
a
t
w
hen
t
h
e
D
-
S
T
A
T
CO
N
has
b
e
en
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
nted
i
n
t
h
e
sys
t
em
.
It
c
an
b
e
c
l
ear
ly
s
ee
n
in
F
ig.
5
b
t
h
a
t
there
is
a
n
i
m
provem
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
vo
lta
ge
m
ag
n
itude
t
o
9
1
%
du
rin
g
0
.1
3
sec
,
b
ei
n
g
c
om
par
e
d
t
o
F
i
g
.
5
a
s
ho
win
g
w
h
en
t
he
D
-
S
TATCON
was
no
t i
n
oper
a
tio
n.
(a)
(b)
F
i
gure
5.
L
ine vo
l
t
age
w
a
ve
fo
rm
s, (a) w
itho
u
t
D
-
S
T
A
T
CO
N
, (
b) w
i
th D
-STATCON
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w El
ec &
D
ri S
y
s
t
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 4
,
D
e
c
2
0
19
:
2
214
–
2
221
2
218
The
in
jec
t
io
n
of
act
i
v
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
ac
t
i
ve
pow
e
r
s
t
o
t
he
s
ys
te
m
b
y
the
D-
ST
ATCON
du
ring
t
h
e
e
v
e
nt
of
v
olta
ge
s
a
g
i
s
pr
esen
ted
in
F
igur
e
6.
A
s
seen,
b
o
t
h
t
he
a
cti
v
e
a
nd
r
e
a
c
ti
ve
p
ow
e
r
s
ar
e
pos
i
tive
.
I
t
me
ans
tha
t
dur
in
g
the
vo
l
t
age
sa
g
oc
cur
r
ence
,
the
l
o
a
d
a
bs
or
bs
b
oth
a
c
t
ive
a
nd
r
eac
tive
p
o
w
e
r
.
T
he
t
hyr
ist
o
r
-
fir
i
ng
a
n
g
l
e
de
te
r
m
i
n
e
s
t
he
a
mou
n
t
of
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
er
t
o
be
s
upp
lie
d
,
a
s
show
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
Ta
bl
e
1
.
C
h
a
n
g
es
o
f
re
ac
t
i
v
e po
wer wi
t
h
r
e
s
pe
ct
t
o
fi
ring
ang
l
e
F
i
r
i
n
g
a
n
g
l
e (
d
eg
r
e
e
)
R
ea
ct
i
v
e p
o
w
e
r
(
VA
R
)
140
380
145
700
150
960
155
1180
160
1360
165
1560
170
1780
175
2000
F
i
gur
e
6.
T
he
acti
v
e
an
d
r
eac
tive
pow
er
s
gen
e
r
a
ted
b
y
t
he
D
-
S
TA
TC
ON
F
i
gur
e
s
7
a,
7b
and
8
sh
ow
t
he
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
i
mpl
e
m
e
nti
n
g
D
-
S
T
A
T
CO
M
i
n
t
h
e
s
ys
tem
.
F
igur
e
7a
s
h
o
w
s
the
l
o
ad
c
ur
r
e
n
t
w
a
v
e
f
or
m
be
f
o
r
e
t
he
D
-
S
TA
TC
O
N
w
a
s
used
i
n
t
h
e
syst
em,
Fi
g
u
r
e
7b
i
ndi
c
a
t
e
s
th
at
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
im
pl
e
m
e
n
ta
t
i
o
n
o
f
D
-
S
T
A
T
CO
N
i
n
t
he
s
y
s
te
m,
w
her
e
as
F
igur
e
8
pr
e
sen
t
s
th
e
wav
e
fo
rm
o
f
cu
rren
t
b
eing
dr
aw
n
b
y
t
he
D
-S
TA
TC
O
N
.
I
t
s
how
s
t
h
a
t
t
he
D
-
S
TA
TCO
N
vol
tage
l
e
v
e
l
i
s
hi
g
h
er
t
ha
n
tha
t
of t
h
e
sy
stem
.
I
t
is a
lso
ob
se
rva
b
le
t
ha
t t
h
er
e is a
sm
a
ll c
u
rrent
d
rawn
by t
h
e
D
-ST
A
TC
ON
bu
t
has
n
o effe
c
t
on t
h
e
syste
m
.
(a)
(b)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
-
ST
AT
CO
N
m
ode
l
f
o
r
vol
t
a
g
e
sa
g m
i
t
i
g
a
ti
on (
R
ini
Nur H
a
sa
n
ah)
2
219
F
i
gur
e 7.
Loa
d
cur
r
ent w
a
vefor
m
s, (a) w
i
t
h
o
u
t D
-
S
T
A
T
CO
N
,
(
b)
w
i
th
D
-S
TATC
O
N
A
s
c
an
b
e
o
b
s
e
rved
i
n
F
i
g
u
re
7b,
t
he
v
ol
ta
ge
s
a
g
i
s
occ
u
r
i
n
g
d
u
ri
ng
th
e
i
n
ter
v
a
l
t
im
e
from
0
.25
se
c
o
n
d
up
t
o
0.6
5
s
eco
nd
,
and
i
t
i
s
du
ring
t
h
i
s
p
e
r
i
od
o
f
time
t
h
a
t
t
he
D
-
S
TA
TCO
N
is
p
r
o
duc
i
ng
t
h
e
c
u
rre
nt
in
j
e
c
t
ion i
n
to t
he
s
ys
tem
,
a
s
s
h
ow
n
in
F
i
g
ur
e
8.
I
f
F
i
g
u
re
7
b
i
s
com
p
are
d
t
o
F
i
g
u
r
e
7a,
i
t ca
n
be
e
se
e
n
t
h
a
t
th
e
vo
lta
ge
s
a
g
i
s
occ
u
ri
ng
d
u
ri
ng
t
h
e
inter
v
a
l
t
ime
fr
om
0
.25
se
c
o
nd
u
p
t
o
0.7
8
s
e
c
o
n
d
.
H
e
nce
,
i
t
c
a
n
be
conc
l
ude
d
t
h
at
t
he
a
dd
iti
o
n
o
f
D
-
S
T
A
T
C
O
N
im
proves
the
resp
ons
e
o
f
t
he
s
yste
m
by
0.1
3
s
e
c
o
n
d
.
The
add
i
tio
n
of D
-
S
TA
TCO
N
ca
n
thus
a
m
e
li
or
ate
th
e
tra
n
sie
n
t
st
a
b
il
i
ty of
t
h
e system
.
The
a
c
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
i
ng
re
ac
ti
ve
pow
er
g
e
n
er
ati
on
w
a
s
rel
a
te
d
t
o
t
he
c
harg
in
g
a
nd
di
schar
g
in
g
phe
n
o
m
e
na
o
f
the
ene
r
g
y
s
tor
a
ge
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
or
.
D
u
r
i
n
g
t
he
o
c
c
u
rr
enc
e
o
f
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
a
g
,
t
h
e
d
c
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
v
a
l
u
e
s
are
disp
laye
d
in
F
igure
9.
I
t ind
i
ca
te
s
t
h
at t
h
e
capa
c
i
t
or w
a
s
disc
harg
in
g d
u
r
i
ng
the
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
sag e
v
e
n
t.
F
i
gur
e 8.
The
D
-S
TA
TCO
N
c
u
rre
nt
w
ave
f
o
r
m
x
x
S
i
m
u
lat
i
on
Wit
hou
t D-
S
TA
T
C
ON
x
Simu
la
t
i
o
n
with
D-
STATCON
F
i
gure
9.
Th
e v
o
lt
age s
a
g ev
ents
4.
CONCL
U
S
ION
Th
e
ob
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
to
e
x
p
lo
re
t
h
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
an
d
c
o
mp
e
n
sa
t
i
on
c
ap
abi
l
i
ty
p
erform
ance
o
f
a
thyri
s
to
r-b
a
se
d
d
i
s
t
ribu
ti
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
2
2
1
4
– 2
221
2
220
REFE
RENCES
[1]
C.
B
eh
era,
e
t
al.,
"
V
o
l
t
age
S
a
g
Miti
gatio
n
Usi
n
g
D
i
stri
but
ed
G
e
ne
r
a
tion
F
o
r
A
n
I
n
du
str
i
a
l
D
i
s
tr
ib
u
t
ion
Sy
ste
m
,"
in
20
18
IEE
E
In
tern
at
io
nal Co
nfer
e
n
ce o
n
Power
Electr
oni
cs, Drives
and
E
n
erg
y
Sy
s
t
em
s
(
P
EDES
)
,
p
p
. 1-6
,
20
18
.
[2]
A.
K
herg
ade,
e
t
al.,
"
A
n
al
ysis
o
f
D
i
ff
erent
Ty
pe
s
o
f
V
olt
a
ge
S
a
g
and
Its
Eff
ects
on
A
d
j
u
s
tab
l
e
S
p
eed
D
ri
ve,"
in
20
18
IEE
E
In
tern
at
io
nal Co
nfer
e
n
ce o
n
Power
Electr
oni
cs, Drives
and
E
n
erg
y
Sy
s
t
em
s
(
P
EDES
)
,
p
p
. 1-6
,
20
18
.
[3]
Y
.
L
i
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
S
a
g
S
t
u
d
y
f
o
r
a
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
D
i
str
i
bution
Net
w
ork,"
in
Proceedi
n
g
of 2
006
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
er
e
n
ce on
Po
wer S
y
st
em
T
ech
nol
og
y
, pp
. 1-4
,
2
0
0
6
.
[4]
S
.
A
rias-G
uzm
a
n
,
e
t al., "
A
nal
y
sis o
f
v
ol
tag
e
s
ag
sev
erit
y
cas
e
s
tu
dy
i
n
a
n
i
n
d
u
s
tr
i
a
l
c
i
r
c
ui
t,
"
in
Proceed
ing
o
f
2
0
1
5
IEEE Indust
r
y A
p
pl
icati
o
n
s
Soci
et
y Annua
l
Meeting
,
pp
.
1
-
6
, 2
01
5.
[5]
MHJ
Bol
l
e
n
.
Underst
and
i
ng power
qua
lity problems: Volt
age
Sags and Interrupti
ons
.
New
Y
o
rk:
IE
E
E
P
res
s
S
e
ries
on
P
o
w
e
r
En
gin
eerin
g
,
2
0
0
0.
[6]
G.
Y
ale
i
nk
aya,
e
t
al.,
"
C
h
a
ract
e
r
izati
o
n
o
f
v
olta
g
e
s
ags
in
i
n
d
us
tria
l
distr
i
b
u
t
i
on
s
y
s
te
ms,"
I
E
EE Tran
sac
t
io
ns o
n
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
A
p
p
l
i
c
at
i
o
ns
,
v
o
l
.
34
(4),
p
p.
6
8
2
-68
8
,
1998.
[7]
J.
C
D
as
.
,
"App
li
cati
on
of
S
TATCO
M
t
o
an
I
n
d
u
s
tri
a
l
Dist
rib
u
tio
n
S
y
s
t
em
C
onn
e
c
ted
t
o
a
W
eak
U
ti
lit
y
S
y
stem,
"
IEEE
Transac
t
i
ons on Indu
st
ry
A
p
pli
c
a
t
ion
s
,
vo
l
52(6
)
,
p
p.
534
5-5
3
5
4
,
2
01
6.
[8]
B.
Q.
K
han
h
.,
"
On
O
ptimally
P
ositi
onin
g
a
M
u
l
tiple
of
D
yn
a
m
ic
V
o
lt
age
Restorers
i
n
D
ist
r
ibut
ion
S
y
s
t
em
f
o
r
Gl
obal
V
oltage Sag
M
itiga
t
i
on,"
in
20
19
IEEE Asi
a
P
o
wer
an
d Ener
gy E
ngi
neer
in
g Co
nf
e
r
ence
(A
PE
EC)
,
p
p
.
137-
14
3,
201
9.
[9]
J
.
R
.
R
a
m
a
m
u
r
th
y,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
M
i
t
i
g
a
ti
on
o
f
M
o
to
r
S
t
a
r
t
i
n
g
V
o
l
t
a
ge
Sa
gs
Usin
g
D
i
s
tr
ib
ut
ion
-
C
l
a
s
s
STA
T
COM,"
in
20
18
IEE
E/P
ES
T
r
a
n
s
m
ission
and
Distri
b
u
tion
Co
nfer
ence a
n
d
Exp
o
s
i
ti
on
(
T
&
D
)
,
p
p
. 1
-9,
20
1
8
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[10]
P
.
W
an
g,
e
t
al.
,
"
Exp
e
rim
e
nt
al
i
nv
est
i
ga
t
i
o
n
o
f
vo
lt
age
sag
m
i
t
i
g
a
tion
by
a
n
a
dva
n
c
e
d
s
ta
tic
VAR
c
o
m
pe
n
s
a
t
o
r
,
"
IEEE Transac
t
i
ons
on
Power Del
i
ve
ry
, vo
l
. 1
3(4
)
, p
p. 1
46
1-1
4
6
7
,
1
99
8.
[11]
M
.
K
un
coro
a
nd
I
w
a
G
arniw
a
,
"
D
VR
t
o
Vo
lt
age
S
a
g
M
i
ti
gation
D
u
e
to
I
nd
u
c
tion
M
o
t
or
S
ta
rtin
g
a
n
d
3
Pha
s
e
Fa
u
l
t
,
"
i
n
2
0
1
8
5th
In
tern
a
t
io
nal Co
nfer
ence
on
Inf
o
rm
a
tio
n T
ech
no
log
y
, Co
mputer
, a
n
d
El
ectrical
E
ngineer
in
g
(
I
CIT
A
C
EE)
, pp
.
73
-78
, 20
1
8
.
[12]
S
.
H
as
an,
et
a
l.,
"
E
lect
rom
a
gn
eti
c
F
i
e
ld
-Based
C
o
n
t
r
ol
o
f
D
i
s
t
r
ib
ut
e
d
G
en
erator
U
nits
t
o
M
i
tig
at
e
M
o
t
o
r
S
t
artin
g
Vo
lt
age D
i
p
s
i
n
Power Gr
i
d
s,"
IEEE T
r
ansact
i
ons
on
Ap
p
l
ied
Superco
n
d
u
ct
ivit
y
, v
ol
.
2
9
(
2
)
,
2
0
19.
[13]
S
.
H
a
s
an,
et
a
l
.,
"A
C
oord
i
n
a
ted
Cont
rol
Ap
pro
a
ch
f
or
M
i
t
i
g
atio
n
of
M
otor
S
tarting
Voltage
D
i
p
i
n
Distr
i
bution
F
eeders,
"
in
2018
IEEE Ind
u
str
y
Ap
plicatio
ns So
ciet
y
An
nua
l M
eeti
ng
(
I
AS)
, p
p
. 1-
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[14]
L.
H
aij
u
n
,
e
t
al.
,
"
Prev
ent
i
ng
o
f
t
r
ansi
ent
voltag
e
i
n
s
t
a
bilit
y
d
ue
t
o
in
du
ctio
n
m
o
tor
l
o
ad
s
b
y
s
t
a
tic
c
ond
ens
e
r,
"
in
Pr
oceedi
n
g
s
of 199
4 IEEE Int
e
rnati
o
n
a
l Con
f
er
en
ce o
n
In
dus
trial
T
ech
no
log
y
- ICIT
'94
,
pp
. 8
27
-8
31
,
1
9
9
4
.
[15]
W.
S
riratt
anaw
ich
a
iku
l
a
nd
Y.
K
um
s
u
w
a
n,
"
S
t
atic
s
eries
-
con
n
ecte
d
co
mp
ens
a
tor
wi
th
l
o
a
d-si
de
c
on
ne
cted
s
h
u
n
t
con
v
erter
b
a
sed
on
s
i
n
g
l
e
-phase
V
S
I
f
or
v
oltag
e
s
ag
m
i
t
i
g
ati
o
n
,
"
in
P
r
oceeding of 2016 I
EEE
R
e
gion 10
Con
f
eren
ce (
T
ENCO
N)
,
pp.
2
90
1
-
29
04
,
2
0
1
6
.
[16]
M
.
A
zharu
ddi
n
and
S
R
.
Ga
i
g
o
w
al,
"Vo
l
t
a
ge
r
eg
ul
ati
on
by
g
rid
c
o
n
n
ected
P
V-S
T
ATCOM
,
"
in Pr
o
ceedi
ng
of
2
017
In
te
rn
at
io
na
l Co
nfe
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
Pow
e
r an
d
Emb
e
dd
e
d
Driv
e
Co
nt
ro
l
(IC
P
EDC
)
,
p
p
.
4
7
2-47
7,
2
0
17.
[17]
J
.
R
o
d
r
i
g
u
e
s
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
T
h
e
R
o
l
e
o
f
L
o
w
-
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
-
R
i
d
e
-
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
C
a
p
ab
il
it
y
o
f
D
istrib
ut
ed
E
n
e
rgy
Resou
r
ces
f
or
t
h
e
Mi
t
i
gation
of
V
ol
tage
S
ags
in
L
ow
V
ol
t
a
ge
D
i
s
tr
i
b
ut
i
o
n
Gr
ids
,
"
in
201
8 P
o
wer
S
y
stem
s Com
puta
tio
n Co
n
f
er
ence
(P
SC
C
)
, p
p.
1-7
,
20
18
.
[18]
J.
G
unda,
e
t
al
.,
"Mitigat
i
on
of
V
ol
tage
S
ags
and
Swells
b
y
the
F
a
r
ad
ay
E
x
c
hang
er
,"
i
n
NEIS
2
0
1
8
Con
f
eren
ce o
n
S
u
sta
i
na
ble
En
e
r
g
y
Su
pp
ly
a
n
d
En
e
r
gy
Sto
r
a
g
e
S
y
ste
m
s
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
20
18
.
[19]
R.
M
it
ra,
et
a
l
.,
"Op
tim
al
s
e
l
ecti
on
o
f
v
o
l
t
a
ge
s
ag
m
i
t
ig
ati
n
g
devices
f
or
m
icro-l
evel
c
ust
o
mer
i
n
d
istribu
tion
syst
e
m
,
"
I
E
T
Re
ne
wa
ble
Po
we
r Ge
n
e
ra
tion
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
(1
),
pp.
1
91-200
,
2
019
.
[20]
I.
G.
P
ark
,
e
t
al.,
"
A
t
hyri
s
t
o
r
contro
lled
s
t
a
tic
c
on
den
s
er
w
i
t
h
n
e
w
do
ub
le
f
irin
g
phase
c
on
tro
l
,
"
E
E
E Tran
sac
t
io
ns
on
Ind
u
s
t
r
y
Ap
pli
c
atio
ns
,
vol.
3
3
(
6),
p
p.
1
5
9
4
-
1
600,
1
9
97.
[21]
P.
P
eti
t
c
l
air
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
Averaged
m
odelling
and
non
li
near
c
ont
r
o
l o
f
a
n
AS
V
C
(
adv
a
nced st
a
tic VA
r
com
pen
s
at
or),"
in
PE
SC R
ecord
. 27t
h
A
n
n
ual IE
EE Power
El
ectr
o
n
i
cs
Speci
a
l
is
ts
Con
f
eren
ce
,
v
ol.
1,
pp.
7
53-7
58,
1
996
.
[22]
H.
S
uy
on
o,
e
t
a
l
.,
"
O
p
t
i
m
iz
a
t
i
o
n
of
t
he
t
hy
r
i
stor
c
o
n
trol
le
d
p
h
ase
s
h
i
f
ti
ng
trans
f
orm
e
r
us
in
g
P
S
O
alg
o
rit
h
m,
"
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l of El
ectrical
an
d
Co
mp
u
t
er
E
ngineer
in
g
(
I
J
E
CE)
,
v
o
l
.
8
(
6), p
p.
5
4
72-5
4
8
3
,
20
18.
[23]
J.E.
H
i
ll
and
W.
T
.
N
orris,
"
E
x
act
a
nalys
i
s
o
f
a
m
ultipu
l
se
s
hun
t
con
v
ert
e
r
com
p
ensat
o
r or
S
t
a
tcon
.
I.
P
erf
o
rm
ance,
"
in
IEE Pr
oceed
ing
s
- Gen
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
T
r
an
smis
s
io
n
a
n
d
D
i
s
t
ri
bu
ti
on
,
v
ol. 1
44
(2
), p
p.
2
1
3
-
2
1
8
, 19
9
7
.
[24]
J.E.
H
i
ll
and
W
.
T.
N
orr
i
s,
"
Exact
a
nalysi
s
o
f
a
m
ul
t
i
pu
l
s
e
shun
t
co
nv
erter
co
m
p
en
s
a
to
r
o
r
S
tat
c
on
.
II.
A
n
a
ly
sis,"
in
IEE Pr
oceedi
n
g
s
-
Gener
a
tio
n
,
Tr
an
smissio
n
a
nd Dis
t
r
i
bu
ti
on
, v
o
l
. 1
44
(2
), p
p.
21
9
-22
4
, 19
9
7
.
[25]
F
.
S
h
a
hni
a,
e
t
al
.
St
a
tic Compens
a
tors
(
S
T
A
TC
OMs) in
PowerSys
tem
s
.
Ne
w
Yo
r
k
:
Spr
i
ng
e
r
, 20
1
5
.
[26]
S.S
.
K
u
m
ar,
et
a
l.
,
"
A
s
tate
o
f
th
e
art
S
T
A
T
CON
f
o
r
i
n
stantane
o
u
s
V
Ar
c
omp
e
n
s
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
ha
r
m
on
ic
s
up
pre
ssion
t
o
enhance
power
q
uality,"
i
n
CIG
RE/IEE
E P
E
S I
n
t
e
rnat
i
o
na
l
Symposi
u
m
Qua
l
i
t
y and Security
of
Elect
r
i
c
Pow
e
r
Del
i
very
Syst
em
s
,
20
03. CIG
RE/PE
S
2
0
0
3
,
p
p
. 8
6-9
0
, 2
00
3.
[27]
H
.
S
u
y
o
n
o
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
P
o
w
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
S
t
a
t
i
c
V
A
R
C
o
m
p
e
ns
ato
r
u
si
ng
N
o
v
el
G
lo
b
a
l
Harm
on
y
S
e
a
r
ch
M
e
th
od,
"
Int
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jou
r
n
a
l
o
f
Elect
r
i
cal
an
d
El
ectro
n
i
c E
n
g
i
neer
in
g
&
T
e
leco
mmu
ni
cat
i
ons (
I
JEE
E
T)
,
v
o
l
.
8(1
)
,
p
p
.
2
6-3
2
,
201
9.
[28]
G-W
.
M
oo
n and S
-
H.
Y
oo
n,
"
P
r
ed
ict
i
ve current
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
distri
b
ut
ion
sta
t
ic
c
ondens
e
r
(D-ST
A
T
C
O
N
)
f
o
r
reactive
po
wer
c
o
m
p
en
sa
ti
on
i
n
flexi
b
l
e
A
C
tran
smi
s
si
on
s
y
s
t
em
(
FA
CTS),
"
i
n
PES
C
9
8
Recor
d
.
29
th
Annu
al
IE
EE
Po
we
r
El
ectro
n
i
cs
S
p
eci
alists
Con
f
eren
ce
(
C
a
t
. No.
98CH36
1
9
6
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
pp.
8
16
-82
2
,
1
998.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
-
ST
AT
CO
N
m
ode
l
f
o
r
vol
t
a
g
e
sa
g m
i
t
i
g
a
ti
on (
R
ini
Nur H
a
sa
n
ah)
2
221
[29]
M
.
A.
C
ho
ud
hry
.
,
"
N
etwo
rk
s
imul
atio
n
with
S
TATCON
dev
i
ces
t
o
av
o
i
d
volta
g
e
c
o
l
l
a
pse
in
t
he
i
n
t
erco
nnect
ed
syst
e
m
,
"
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
gs of
th
e
20
05
IEEE S
y
mp
os
ium on
Eme
r
g
i
n
g
Te
c
h
no
log
i
e
s
,
p
p
.
4
1
2
-4
17,
2005
.
[30]
Y
.
Z
h
u
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
D
y
n
a
m
i
c
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
a
S
T
A
T
C
O
N
a
t
a
n
H
V
D
C
i
nv
erter
f
e
edin
g
a
very
w
ea
k
AC
s
y
s
te
m
,
"
IEEE Transac
t
i
ons
on
Power Del
i
ve
ry
,
v
ol.
1
1
(
2),
p
p
.
9
5
8
-9
64,
1996
.
[3
1]
X.
Z
h
ou,
"
The
Cont
roller
D
e
si
g
n
o
f
S
T
ATCON
Based
on
Di
re
ct
P
owe
r
Control
,
"
i
n
Pro
ceedi
ngs
o
f
2
0
1
2
Asi
a
-
Pa
cif
i
c P
o
wer
a
n
d
En
erg
y
En
gi
n
eeri
n
g
Con
f
er
en
ce
, pp
.
1
-4
, 2
01
2
.
B
I
OGRAPHIES
O
F AUTHO
RS
Hen
d
ri
M
asdi
w
as
b
orn
in
W
e
s
t
S
u
m
a
tera
p
ro
vin
ce,
I
nd
on
e
s
ia
.
H
e
g
radu
ated
w
i
th
Sa
r
j
a
n
a
T
ekni
k
(
Bach
el
or
o
f
E
n
g
i
neeri
n
g
)
f
rom
Un
i
v
ers
i
t
a
s
N
e
geri
P
adan
g,
a
s
t
ate
u
n
i
v
ers
i
ty
i
n
In
don
esi
a
,
in
1989.
H
e
obtai
ned
h
i
s
m
a
s
t
er
d
eg
ree
in
e
lectri
cal
e
ng
in
eerin
g
f
r
o
m
I
nsti
tut
T
e
kno
lo
g
i
B
andun
g
(ITB),
In
dones
i
a
i
n
2
0
0
0
.
H
e
go
t
h
i
s
P
h
D
deg
r
ee
f
r
om
t
he
E
lectri
cal
a
n
d
E
l
ectro
n
i
c
En
g
i
neeri
ng
Dep
a
rt
m
e
nt
,
F
aculty
o
f
En
g
i
neerin
g,
U
n
i
v
ersit
i
P
u
t
ra
M
alays
i
a
(U
PM
),
M
al
aysia.
R
i
ght
n
o
w
,
he
i
s
wi
th
t
h
e
E
lect
rical
E
ng
in
eeri
ng
D
ep
artm
ent
o
f
U
n
iv
ersi
tas
Negeri
P
adan
g,
I
n
d
o
n
esi
a
,
wh
ere
h
e
i
s
t
h
e
head
o
f
d
epartm
en
t.
H
is
r
esearch
i
n
t
e
res
t
s
i
n
c
l
ud
e
p
o
wer
elect
ron
i
cs,
co
nt
rol
an
d
auto
m
a
ti
on,
r
e
newab
l
e
energy
,
and
p
o
wer
sy
ste
m
s
.
R
i
n
i
N
u
r
H
a
s
a
n
a
h
w
as
g
rad
u
at
ed
i
n
el
ectric
a
l
engi
neeri
n
g
f
r
om
B
an
dun
g
Ins
t
i
t
ute
o
f
T
echno
lo
gy
- Ind
on
esi
a
,
go
t
her
p
o
st
grad
uat
e
m
a
s
ter
deg
r
ee
in
e
n
e
rgy
f
r
om
the
S
wiss
F
e
deral
Institute
o
f
T
echnology
i
n
L
a
usa
nne
(
E
P
F
L
),
S
w
i
tzerl
a
nd,
and
go
t
h
e
r
doct
o
ral
degree
f
r
om
t
h
e
s
a
me
universit
y
.
S
h
e jo
in
e
d
t
he Elect
ri
cal Eng
in
eering
d
e
partm
e
n
t
a
t
Un
iv
ersit
a
s
B
raw
i
j
a
ya,
In
do
nesia i
n
1
995
w
h
ere
s
h
e
i
s
c
urrent
ly
t
h
e
C
hai
r
o
f
El
ectrical
P
o
w
er
E
ng
i
n
eeri
n
g
S
ecti
on.
H
er
r
esear
ch
i
n
t
e
res
t
s
inc
l
ud
e
electri
cal
m
achi
n
es
a
n
d
d
ri
ves
,
p
o
w
er
e
lectro
ni
cs,
ru
ral
ele
c
t
r
if
icatio
n,
re
ne
wa
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
, e
ne
rg
y ma
n
a
g
e
me
nt,
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
sys
te
ms
.
Ha
di
S
u
y
o
n
o
w
as
b
orn
i
n
P
am
e
k
as
an,
Eas
t
J
av
a,
I
nd
ones
i
a
in
1
9
7
3
.
H
e
gradu
a
te
d
from
t
h
e
D
e
partm
e
n
t
o
f
E
l
ectrical
E
ngin
eeri
n
g
at
U
n
i
v
e
rsit
as
B
rawijay
a
,
Ind
ones
i
a
i
n
1
996
.
He
o
b
t
a
i
n
ed
h
i
s
M
.
E
ng
an
d
P
h
.D.
d
e
gre
e
s
f
r
o
m
U
ni
versit
as
G
adjah
Ma
da
,
In
do
ne
sia
a
nd
U
n
iv
ersi
ti
M
ala
y
a,
M
alay
sia,
i
n
20
00
a
nd
2
0
0
6
respect
iv
ely
.
S
in
ce
20
08
,
h
e
h
a
s
b
een
w
it
h
t
h
e
Dep
a
rtm
e
nt
o
f
El
ectrical
E
ngin
eerin
g,
F
aculty
o
f
En
g
i
neerin
g,
U
n
i
versitas
Braw
ij
aya,
w
h
ere
he
i
s
t
h
e
h
ead
o
f
dep
a
rt
ment
r
i
g
h
t
n
ow
.
He
i
s
al
so
t
he
d
i
rect
or
o
f
the
P
o
wer
S
y
stem
E
ngi
neeri
n
g
and En
ergy
M
anagem
en
t Res
earch G
roup
(P
S
eem
RG) o
f
U
niversi
t
as B
raw
i
j
a
ya.
H
i
s
m
a
j
o
r
research
i
nt
erest
s
a
re
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
tem
e
n
gi
neerin
g,
a
rti
f
i
c
i
al
i
n
t
elli
gen
ce,
r
enewab
le
en
ergy
and
ener
gy
m
anag
emen
t.
Is
mai
l
B
i
n
M
u
sir
i
n
obtai
ned
Bachel
or
o
f
Electri
c
a
l
Engin
eering
(Hons)
in
199
0
f
r
o
m
U
n
iv
ersi
ti
T
ek
no
log
i
M
a
l
aysia,
M
Sc
i
n P
u
l
s
ed
Pow
er
T
echn
o
l
ogy i
n
199
2 from
Un
iv
ersi
ty
o
f
S
t
ra
t
h
c
l
yd
e,
U
n
i
t
e
d
K
i
ng
dom
a
nd
P
hD
i
n
Elect
rical
E
ng
in
eering
f
ro
m
U
n
iv
ersiti
T
ek
nol
ogi
M
A
RA
(
UiT
M
),
M
alay
si
a
i
n
2
005.
H
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tly
P
rof
e
ss
or
o
f
Pow
er
S
ys
te
m
at
t
he
F
acult
y
o
f
Elect
rical
E
ngi
neeri
ng,
U
iTM
an
d
t
h
e
Di
re
ct
or,
Co
mm
uni
ty
o
f
Res
earch
(
CoRe),
A
dvan
ced
C
om
p
u
ti
ng
an
d
Comm
un
icatio
n
(ACC),
I
nst
i
t
u
t
e
o
f
Res
ear
ch
M
an
a
g
em
ent
an
d
In
nov
ati
o
n
,
U
iTM
.
H
e
has
auth
ored
a
n
d
c
o-a
u
tho
r
ed
2
b
ooks,
o
v
er
3
0
0
p
a
p
e
r
s
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
rn
ati
o
n
a
l
i
ndexed jo
urnal
and
co
nf
erences
. He is als
o
an
in
ternati
onal j
ourn
a
l
review
er f
or
IE
EE
T
rans
a
c
t
i
ons
,
El
sev
i
er
S
c
i
en
c
e
,
W
S
EA
S,
J
o
h
n
Wil
e
y,
I
ET
and
s
om
e
o
t
he
r
p
u
b
lishe
rs.
H
i
s
research
i
n
t
erest
i
n
clu
d
es
a
rtifici
a
l
i
n
t
e
llig
ence,
o
pt
imi
z
atio
n
techn
i
q
u
es
,
power
s
ys
te
m
an
alys
is, ren
e
w
abl
e
energ
y, distribu
t
ed
g
enerat
io
n
an
d p
o
w
e
r sy
stem stabi
lit
y
.
Taufi
k
T
auf
i
k
r
eceived
hi
s
D
o
cto
r
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
eri
n
g
f
r
om
C
l
e
velan
d
S
t
a
te
U
n
i
ver
si
ty.
He
j
o
i
n
ed th
e
El
ectrical
E
n
g
i
n
eerin
g
dep
a
rt
m
e
nt
a
t Cal
P
o
ly S
ta
te
Un
ivers
i
t
y
i
n
199
9 wh
e
r
e
he i
s
cu
rrentl
y
a
t
enu
r
ed
F
ul
l
P
r
of
essor
and
th
e
Di
rector
o
f
El
ectri
c
P
ower
I
n
s
tit
u
t
e.
H
e
receiv
e
d
n
u
m
e
rou
s
t
each
ing
aw
ards
,
m
o
s
t
n
ot
a
b
ly
t
he
2
0
1
2
O
u
t
s
tan
d
i
n
g
T
e
a
chin
g
Aw
ard
f
r
o
m
t
he
A
m
eri
can
S
oci
e
ty
o
f
E
n
g
i
neering
Edu
cati
o
n
-
P
aci
fic
S
outh
w
e
s
t
S
ecti
on.
H
e
is
a
S
en
i
o
r
M
e
m
b
er of
IE
EE and
h
as
i
n
d
u
s
try
ex
peri
enc
e
w
it
h
s
e
veral interna
t
i
o
n
al
c
om
p
a
nies
.
H
i
s
areas
o
f
r
esearch
i
n
c
lu
de
p
ower electro
ni
cs, pow
er
s
ystem
s
, rural ele
ctrificat
io
n
,
e
n
e
rgy
harv
est
i
n
g
,
ren
e
wabl
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