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er
s
io
n
an
d
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
g
a
in
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
s
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
w
it
h
f
u
l
l
o
r
h
al
f
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
ter
s
a
n
d
eith
er
ce
n
ter
tap
p
ed
o
r
f
u
ll
b
r
id
g
e
r
ec
tif
ier
s
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
An
o
th
er
s
er
ie
s
r
eso
n
a
n
t
co
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
t
w
o
s
er
ies
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
h
a
s
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
[
1
6
]
to
tu
r
n
o
n
all
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
es
at
Z
V
S
w
it
h
w
id
e
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
a
n
d
in
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
r
an
g
e
s
.
Ma
n
y
co
n
tr
o
l
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
s
er
ies
r
eso
n
a
n
t
co
n
v
er
ter
s
as
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
i
n
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e,
f
o
r
in
s
ta
n
ce
,
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
co
n
tr
o
l
[
28]
,
d
io
d
e
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
co
n
tr
o
l
[
2
9
]
,
an
d
p
u
ls
e
d
e
s
ti
n
y
m
o
d
u
latio
n
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
co
n
tr
o
l
h
as
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
to
r
eg
u
la
te
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
f
u
ll
b
r
id
g
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
co
n
v
er
ter
s
[
3
1
]
,
w
h
ic
h
co
u
ld
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
p
r
im
ar
y
co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
th
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
s
ig
n
al.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
,
s
o
m
e
ad
v
an
ce
d
s
tr
ateg
ies
u
s
in
g
ad
ap
tiv
e
co
n
tr
o
ls
h
av
e
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
[
3
2
]
,
[
3
3
]
,
s
u
c
h
as
p
as
s
iv
it
y
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
au
to
d
is
t
u
r
b
an
ce
-
r
ej
ec
tio
n
co
n
tr
o
l
(
A
D
R
C
)
.
Me
an
w
h
i
le,
in
[
3
1
]
,
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
co
n
tr
o
l
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
to
r
eg
u
late
t
h
e
r
eso
n
an
t
cu
r
r
en
t
,
as
a
r
es
u
l
t
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
h
as
b
ee
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
P
SR
C
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
i
f
ted
s
er
ie
s
r
e
s
o
n
an
t
co
n
v
er
ter
i
s
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
i
th
s
tep
u
p
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
ig
h
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
a
n
d
h
ig
h
p
o
w
er
d
en
s
it
y
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
v
ar
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
h
as
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
a
g
o
o
d
s
t
ab
ilit
y
u
n
d
er
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
w
id
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
Z
VS
to
all
s
w
i
tch
e
s
.
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
to
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
l p
ar
ts
.
2.
CIRCU
I
T
CO
NF
I
G
URA
T
I
O
N
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
c
ir
cu
it
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
ase
s
h
if
te
d
s
er
ies
r
eso
n
a
n
t
co
n
v
er
ter
w
i
th
v
ar
iab
le
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
s
tep
s
o
f
th
i
s
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
f
o
u
r
m
ai
n
s
ta
g
es.
Firstl
y
,
f
u
ll
b
r
id
g
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
s
w
itc
h
in
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
(
C
SN)
is
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
D
C
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
s
q
u
ar
e
w
a
v
e
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
i
f
ted
v
o
lta
g
e
to
b
e
f
ed
to
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
ta
n
k
.
T
h
en
,
t
h
e
r
es
o
n
an
t
ta
n
k
n
et
w
o
r
k
(
R
T
N)
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
s
er
ies
b
et
w
ee
n
b
o
th
le
g
s
o
f
th
e
s
w
it
ch
in
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
tan
k
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
r
eso
n
a
n
t
i
n
d
u
cti
v
e
L
r
,
r
eso
n
an
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
r
an
d
m
ag
n
etizi
n
g
in
d
u
c
tan
ce
L
m
o
f
t
h
e
HF
s
tep
u
p
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
r
esp
ec
t
iv
el
y
,
to
g
e
n
er
ate
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
s
i
g
n
al
s
.
T
h
e
ai
m
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
HF
s
tep
u
p
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
i
s
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
w
id
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
Z
VS
a
n
d
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
f
o
r
eli
m
i
n
ati
n
g
t
h
e
s
er
ies
r
eso
n
a
n
t
co
n
v
er
ter
li
m
it
atio
n
s
.
Me
a
n
w
h
ile,
a
f
u
ll
b
r
id
g
e
d
io
d
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
i
th
lo
w
p
as
s
f
ilter
(
DR
_
L
P
F)
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
w
i
th
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
p
ar
t
to
r
ec
tify
an
d
f
ilter
th
e
A
C
v
ar
iab
le
s
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
t
h
e
d
es
ir
ed
DC
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
F
in
al
l
y
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
t
i
s
attac
h
ed
w
it
h
th
e
cir
cu
it to
r
eg
u
late
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
b
y
v
ar
y
i
n
g
o
r
tu
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
w
itch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
f
s
.
R
e
s
o
n
a
n
t
t
a
n
k
S
1
V
i
n
S
3
S
4
S
2
C
r
L
r
A
V
A
B
B
+
-
+
-
N
s
N
p
H
F
.
T
r
V
A
B
V
i
n
-
V
i
n
0
V
r
e
c
+
-
V
r
e
c
V
o
-
V
o
0
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
C
f
R
L
S
i
g
n
a
l
s
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
S
4
S
1
S
2
S
3
f
s
V
m
e
a
V
r
e
f
i
L
r
V
C
r
t
t
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
ir
cu
it c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
if
ted
s
er
ie
s
r
es
o
n
an
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
3.
O
P
E
RAT
I
O
N
P
RINC
I
P
L
E
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
led
g
ate
s
i
g
n
als
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
s
w
itc
h
e
s
(
S
1
to
S
4
)
f
o
r
th
e
P
S
–
SR
C
.
T
h
e
tu
r
n
o
n
t
i
m
e
o
f
a
ll
s
w
itc
h
es
is
eq
u
al
to
h
al
f
o
f
s
w
itc
h
in
g
p
e
r
io
d
S
1
an
d
S
2
w
h
ich
w
ill
w
o
r
k
alter
n
atel
y
,
b
u
t
a
s
m
al
l
d
ea
d
tim
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
av
o
id
s
ig
n
al
s
in
ter
f
a
ce
s
an
d
to
allo
w
ze
r
o
v
o
ltag
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
to
o
cc
u
r
.
S
w
itc
h
es
S
3
a
n
d
S
4
also
w
o
r
k
alter
n
ate
l
y
,
w
i
th
a
n
an
g
u
la
r
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
t
w
o
s
w
i
tch
e
s
t
h
at
is
al
m
o
s
t
eq
u
a
l
to
q
u
ar
ter
o
f
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
p
er
io
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
es
u
lts
o
f
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
ta
n
k
v
ar
iab
les
w
av
e
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o
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m
s
u
s
i
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M
atlab
Si
m
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m
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li
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m
m
ar
ize
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e
cir
c
u
it o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
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b
eh
av
io
r
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8
694
IJ
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Vo
l.
8
,
No
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3
,
Sep
te
m
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
1
1
8
4
–
1
1
9
2
1186
V
A
B
G
S
1
G
S
2
G
S
3
G
S
4
T
=
1
/
f
s
t
0
t
1
t
2
t
4
t
3
t
5
(
a
)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
(
a)
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
g
ate
s
ig
n
als a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
th
e
f
u
ll b
r
id
g
e
(
b
)
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
ated
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
V
AB
, I
Lr
, V
Cr
an
d
s
e
co
n
d
ar
y
v
o
lta
g
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
3
.
1
.
M
o
de
I
:
E
nerg
y
co
nv
er
s
io
n sta
t
e
(
bet
w
ee
n t
0
a
nd
t
1
)
I
n
th
i
s
m
o
d
e,
th
e
s
w
itc
h
es
S
2
an
d
S
4
ar
e
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
,
ca
u
s
e
s
t
h
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
cu
r
r
en
t
i
Lr
s
tar
ts
t
o
in
cr
ea
s
e.
T
h
e
tan
k
en
er
g
y
is
d
eliv
er
ed
t
o
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
p
ar
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
r
ec
ti
f
ier
d
io
d
es
co
n
d
u
ct
an
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t c
ap
ac
ito
r
C
f
is
ch
ar
g
ed
.
3
.
2
.
M
o
de
I
I
:
Reso
na
nce
s
t
a
t
e
(
bet
w
ee
n t
1
a
nd
t
2
)
A
t
th
e
b
eg
i
n
n
in
g
o
f
t
h
is
m
o
d
e
,
s
w
itc
h
S
4
is
tu
r
n
ed
o
f
f
,
t
h
u
s
i
Lr
r
ea
c
h
es
its
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
v
al
u
e
an
d
s
to
p
s
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
,
t
h
er
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
e
m
itter
a
n
d
th
e
co
llecto
r
o
f
th
e
S
4
w
i
ll
b
e
e
q
u
al
to
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
v
o
ltag
e.
Me
a
n
w
h
ile,
th
e
ta
n
k
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
an
d
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
s
t
ar
ts
r
eso
n
ated
.
T
h
e
f
r
ee
w
h
ee
li
n
g
d
io
d
e
o
f
th
e
S
3
w
il
l b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
at
th
e
e
n
d
o
f
th
is
m
o
d
e.
3
.
3
.
M
o
de
I
I
I
:
Dis
c
ha
rg
ing
s
t
a
t
e
(
bet
w
ee
n t
2
a
nd
t
3
)
Sin
ce
,
th
e
f
r
ee
w
h
ee
li
n
g
d
io
d
e
o
f
th
e
S
3
is
co
n
d
u
cted
,
S
3
i
s
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
at
Z
V
S.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
V
cr
s
tar
ts
to
r
is
e.
Me
a
n
w
h
ile,
t
h
e
en
e
r
g
y
s
to
r
ed
in
r
eso
n
a
n
t
i
n
d
u
ctan
ce
s
tar
ts
to
b
e
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
to
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t c
u
r
r
en
t i
Lr
d
e
cr
ea
s
es.
3
.
4
.
M
o
de
I
V:
Seco
nd
re
s
o
na
nce
s
t
a
t
e
(
bet
w
ee
n t
3
a
nd
t
4
)
T
h
is
m
o
d
e
s
tar
ts
o
n
ce
th
e
S
2
tu
r
n
s
o
f
f
,
t
h
u
s
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
cu
r
r
en
t
i
Lr
ch
a
n
g
e
s
its
p
o
lar
it
y
(
ze
r
o
cr
o
s
s
in
g
)
w
h
ile
th
e
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
V
cr
r
ea
ch
e
s
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
v
a
lu
e
(
f
u
l
l
y
ch
ar
g
ed
)
.
B
ased
o
n
th
ese
r
ea
s
o
n
s
,
t
h
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
s
to
p
s
at
t
h
is
m
o
d
e
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
ta
n
k
in
d
u
ctan
ce
is
n
o
t
ca
p
ab
le
to
d
eliv
er
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
en
er
g
y
to
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
i
n
d
u
cto
r
e
n
er
g
y
m
u
s
t
b
e
lar
g
er
th
a
n
t
h
at
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
to
ac
h
i
ev
e
Z
VS.
B
e
f
o
r
e
th
is
m
o
d
e
e
n
d
s
,
t
h
e
f
r
ee
w
h
ee
li
n
g
d
io
d
e
o
f
th
e
s
w
itc
h
S
1
is
co
n
d
u
cted
.
3
.
5
.
M
o
de
V:
Co
m
m
uta
t
io
n sta
t
e
(
bet
w
ee
n t
4
a
nd
t
5
)
Du
e
t
h
e
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
f
r
ee
w
h
ee
li
n
g
d
io
d
e
o
f
s
w
itc
h
S
1
at
th
e
e
n
d
o
f
la
s
t
m
o
d
e,
th
e
s
w
itc
h
S
1
is
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
at
Z
V
S
at
th
e
b
eg
i
n
n
i
n
g
o
f
th
i
s
m
o
d
e.
A
l
s
o
,
th
e
tan
k
in
d
u
cto
r
s
tar
ts
to
ch
ar
g
e
w
h
ile
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
en
er
g
y
s
tar
t
s
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
at
th
e
e
n
d
o
f
t
h
is
m
o
d
e,
t
h
e
ta
n
k
w
il
l
g
ai
n
it
s
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
d
eliv
er
th
e
en
er
g
y
to
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
o
n
ce
a
g
ain
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
o
th
er
r
ec
tif
ier
d
io
d
es
s
tar
ts
t
o
co
n
d
u
ct
an
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
il
ter
C
f
w
ill
b
e
r
ec
h
ar
g
ed
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
t
l
y
,
th
e
cir
cu
it
o
p
er
atio
n
in
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
h
al
f
c
y
cl
e
is
co
m
p
leted
,
an
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
m
an
n
er
,
th
e
s
w
i
tch
es S
2
an
d
S
4
w
ill b
e
t
u
r
n
ed
o
n
w
ith
Z
V
S in
t
h
e
n
e
x
t
h
al
f
cy
cle.
4.
S
YST
E
M
ANALYS
I
S AN
D
CO
NT
RO
L
L
E
R
DE
SI
G
N
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
v
er
ter
cir
cu
it
ca
n
b
e
cla
s
s
if
ied
i
n
to
t
w
o
m
ain
p
ar
ts
,
w
h
i
ch
ar
e
th
e
g
ain
o
f
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
tan
k
an
d
th
e
g
ain
o
f
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
T
h
e
g
ain
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
co
n
s
ta
n
t
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
to
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
t
u
r
n
r
atio
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
t
h
e
g
ai
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
eso
n
an
t
ta
n
k
i
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
P
h
a
s
e
-
S
h
ifted
S
eries
R
eso
n
a
n
t
C
o
n
ve
r
ter w
ith
Ze
r
o
V
o
lta
g
e
S
w
itch
in
g
Tu
r
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a
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d
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.
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(
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h
a
med
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a
lem)
1187
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
to
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
atio
,
lo
ad
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
(
Q)
,
an
d
th
e
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
in
d
u
cto
r
to
m
a
g
n
e
tizin
g
i
n
d
u
c
tan
ce
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
(
K)
.
T
h
e
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
K
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
f
i
x
ed
v
a
lu
e
s
f
o
r
all
o
p
er
atio
n
m
o
d
es
in
th
e
cir
cu
it
d
esig
n
.
T
h
e
g
ai
n
f
u
n
ct
io
n
ca
n
b
e
d
er
iv
ed
as
E
q
u
atio
n
(
1
)
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
v
a
r
y
in
g
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
tan
k
h
a
s
t
w
o
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cie
s
:
t
h
e
h
ig
h
er
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
f
r
,
w
h
ic
h
is
co
n
s
tr
ib
u
ted
b
y
t
h
e
r
eso
n
an
t
ele
m
en
t
s
L
r
a
n
d
C
r
,
w
h
i
le
t
h
e
f
r1
i
s
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
all
t
h
e
ta
n
k
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
a
s
d
e
f
i
n
ed
in
E
q
u
atio
n
(
2
)
.
T
h
e
g
ai
n
c
u
r
v
es
f
o
r
a
w
id
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
t lo
ad
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
d
ia
g
r
a
m
ed
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
√
(
1
)
√
√
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
,
√
,
.
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
g
ain
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics f
o
r
w
id
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
w
ith
d
i
f
f
er
en
t lo
ad
f
ac
to
r
(
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
)
T
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
as
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
is
to
v
ar
y
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
t
o
m
ee
t
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
lo
ad
lev
el,
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
s
tan
t
at
an
y
co
n
d
it
io
n
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
er
r
o
r
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
th
e
co
n
s
ta
n
t
d
esire
d
v
o
ltag
e
(
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
lta
g
e)
is
ap
p
lied
to
P
I
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
(
Kp
=3
0
0
0
,
Ki=0
.
0
0
2
)
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
w
h
e
n
ev
er
a
n
y
d
e
v
iatio
n
is
n
o
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
an
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
er
r
o
r
s
ig
n
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
o
r
k
s
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
s
w
i
tch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
to
t
h
e
d
esire
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
th
at
is
s
e
n
t
to
I
GB
T
s
1
is
i
n
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
to
th
e
s
ig
n
al
s
e
n
t
to
I
GB
T
s
2
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
s
ig
n
a
ls
t
h
at
ar
e
s
e
n
t
to
I
GB
T
s
3
a
n
d
I
GB
T
s
4
ar
e
in
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
,
a
n
d
th
e
y
ar
e
s
h
i
f
ted
b
y
6
0
°
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
t
w
o
s
i
g
n
al
s
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
h
a
s
e
s
h
i
f
ted
v
o
lta
g
e
V
AB
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
a
t
Z
V
S
ca
n
b
e
f
u
l
f
il
led
f
o
r
all
s
w
itc
h
es,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
s
w
itc
h
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
v
ar
iatio
n
is
li
m
ited
b
y
th
e
r
an
g
e
th
at
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
er
a
n
d
lo
w
er
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
i
f
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
is
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
l
o
w
er
v
alu
e
t
h
a
n
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
an
g
e,
t
h
e
c
h
o
s
en
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
w
il
l
b
e
eq
u
al
to
th
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
v
alu
e.
W
it
h
t
h
e
s
a
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ar
ts
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Y.
K.
L
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
h
a
se
-
sh
if
ted
f
u
ll
-
b
rid
g
e
se
ries
-
re
so
n
a
n
t
DC
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rters
f
o
r
w
id
e
lo
a
d
v
a
riatio
n
s,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tr
o
n
ics
,
v
o
l
.
5
8
,
p
p
.
2
5
7
2
-
2
5
7
5
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
]
C.
H.
C
h
ien
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
a
n
o
v
e
l
re
so
n
a
n
t
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o
n
v
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rter
w
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ries
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
t
ra
n
sf
o
rm
e
rs,
”
IET
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
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o
l.
6
,
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p
.
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1
1
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2
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
]
M
.
A
la
m
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
H
y
b
rid
Re
so
n
a
n
t
P
u
lse
-
W
id
th
M
o
d
u
lati
o
n
Brid
g
e
les
s
A
C
-
DC
P
o
w
e
r
F
a
c
to
r
Co
rre
c
ti
o
n
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n
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rter,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
In
d
u
stry
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p
p
li
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a
ti
o
n
s,
p
p
.
1
-
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[4
]
G
.
Ca
to
n
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
iso
late
d
se
m
i
-
re
so
n
a
n
t
d
c
/d
c
c
o
n
v
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rter
f
o
r
h
ig
h
p
o
w
e
r
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stry
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
M
.
S
a
lem
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Z
V
S
F
u
ll
Brid
g
e
S
e
ries
Re
so
n
a
n
t
B
o
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
S
e
ries
-
Co
n
n
e
c
te
d
T
ra
n
sf
o
r
m
e
r,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
P
EDS
),
v
o
l.
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[6
]
M
.
S
a
lem
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Im
p
lem
e
n
ti
n
g
b
u
c
k
c
o
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
b
a
tt
e
ry
c
h
a
rg
e
r
u
sin
g
so
f
t
sw
it
c
h
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s,
”
in
P
o
we
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
a
n
d
O
p
ti
miza
ti
o
n
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
PE
OCO
),
2
0
1
3
IEE
E
7
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
,
p
p
.
1
8
8
-
1
9
2
,
2
0
1
3
.
[7
]
M
.
Ja
b
b
a
ri
a
n
d
F
.
Ba
ra
ti
,
“
Ne
w
re
so
n
a
n
t
L
CL
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rter,
”
IET
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
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o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
1
7
7
0
-
1
7
7
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[8
]
K.
H.
Yi
a
n
d
G
.
W
.
M
o
o
n
,
“
N
o
v
e
l
tw
o
-
p
h
a
se
in
terle
a
v
e
d
LL
C
se
ries
-
re
so
n
a
n
t
c
o
n
v
e
rter
u
sin
g
a
p
h
a
se
o
f
th
e
re
so
n
a
n
t
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
5
6
,
p
p
.
1
8
1
5
-
1
8
1
9
,
2
0
0
9
.
[9
]
R.
L
.
S
teig
e
rw
a
ld
,
“
A
c
o
m
p
a
ris
o
n
o
f
h
a
lf
-
b
rid
g
e
re
so
n
a
n
t
c
o
n
v
e
rter
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
p
o
we
r
el
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
3
,
p
p
.
1
7
4
-
1
8
2
,
1
9
8
8
.
[1
0
]
M
.
T
.
Ou
teiro
a
n
d
G
.
Bu
ja,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
re
so
n
a
n
t
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
v
e
rters
w
it
h
t
w
o
,
th
re
e
,
a
n
d
f
o
u
r
e
n
e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
e
e
le
m
e
n
ts,
”
In
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
S
o
c
iety
,
IECON
2
0
1
5
-
4
1
st
An
n
u
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
I
EE
E
,
p
p
.
1
4
0
6
-
1
4
1
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
1
]
C.
Du
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
sig
n
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
f
r
e
so
n
a
n
t
in
d
u
c
to
r
in
a
ZV
S
i
n
v
e
rter,
”
IEE
E
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Eme
rg
in
g
a
n
d
S
e
lec
ted
T
o
p
ics
in
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
3
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
2
-
1
1
5
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
2
]
I.
A
lh
a
m
ro
u
n
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
DC
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
E.
V
b
a
tt
e
r
y
c
h
a
rg
e
r
u
sin
g
P
W
M
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
a
n
d
h
y
b
rid
re
so
n
a
n
t,
”
i
n
2
0
1
6
IE
EE
I
n
ter
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Po
we
r
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n
d
E
n
e
rg
y
(
PE
Co
n
)
,
p
p
.
1
3
3
-
1
3
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
20
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25
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30
000
35
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40
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Fr
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
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N:
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694
P
h
a
s
e
-
S
h
ifted
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R
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a
n
t
C
o
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ve
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ter w
ith
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1191
[1
3
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M
.
S
a
lem
,
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t
a
l.
,
“
S
tea
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y
sta
te
a
n
d
g
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2
0
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4
,
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ter
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,
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p
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4
.
[1
4
]
M
.
S
a
lem
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
stu
d
y
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f
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ries
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so
n
a
n
t
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r
u
sin
g
z
e
ro
v
o
lt
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g
e
sw
it
c
h
in
g
,
”
in
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
io
n
(
CENCON),
2
0
1
4
IE
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Co
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fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
,
p
p
.
9
6
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1
0
0
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2
0
1
4
.
[1
5
]
M.
S
a
lem
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ex
ten
sio
n
o
f
Zero
Vo
lt
a
g
e
S
w
it
c
h
in
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ra
n
g
e
f
o
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se
ries
re
so
n
a
n
t
c
o
n
v
e
rter,
”
in
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
io
n
(
CENCON),
2
0
1
5
IEE
E
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
1
7
1
-
1
7
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
6
]
B.
R.
L
in
a
n
d
S
.
F
.
W
u
,
“
ZV
S
re
so
n
a
n
t
c
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
se
ries
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
tran
sf
o
rm
e
rs,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
.
5
8
,
p
p
.
3
5
4
7
-
3
5
5
4
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
7
]
S
.
Hu
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Op
ti
m
a
l
d
e
sig
n
o
f
li
n
e
lev
e
l
c
o
n
tro
l
re
so
n
a
n
t
c
o
n
v
e
rters
in
p
lu
g
-
in
h
y
b
rid
e
le
c
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
b
a
tt
e
r
y
c
h
a
rg
e
rs,
”
IET
El
e
c
trica
l
S
y
ste
ms
in
T
r
a
n
s
p
o
rt
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
1
-
2
8
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
8
]
M
.
S
a
lem
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
o
d
e
l
in
g
a
n
d
sim
u
latio
n
o
f
g
e
n
e
ra
li
z
e
d
sta
te
sp
a
c
e
a
v
e
ra
g
in
g
f
o
r
se
ries
re
so
n
a
n
t
c
o
n
v
e
rter,
”
in
Po
we
r E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(AUP
EC),
2
0
1
4
A
u
stra
l
a
sia
n
Un
iv
e
rs
it
ies
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
9
]
H.
Ch
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
h
a
se
-
sh
if
t
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
DC
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rto
r
w
it
h
b
i
-
d
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
f
lo
w
,
”
IEE
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
-
El
e
c
tric P
o
we
r A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
v
o
l.
1
4
8
,
p
p
.
1
9
3
-
2
0
1
,
2
0
0
1
.
[2
0
]
C.
H.
Ch
ie
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
e
ries
Re
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1
]
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.
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t
a
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ro
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ircu
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ra
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,
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.
[2
2
]
M
.
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a
lem
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e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
Re
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ie
w
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n
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ro
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4
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p
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6
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0
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5
.
[2
3
]
M
.
T
.
Ou
teir
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t
a
l
.
,
“
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n
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r
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n
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ts
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th
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Re
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stri
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l
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tr
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p
.
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6
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[2
4
]
S. D
.
S
im
o
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e
,
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t
a
l.
,
“
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sig
n
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o
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e
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ive
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to
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PE
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p
.
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.
[2
5
]
C.
H.
Ch
a
n
g
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t
a
l.
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“
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lato
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o
u
rn
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4
.
[2
6
]
G
.
I
v
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sk
y
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e
t
a
l.
,
“
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p
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im
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DC
c
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rter,
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E
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ra
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ti
o
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s
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.
[2
7
]
M
.
K.
Ka
z
im
ierc
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k
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rk
o
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i,
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h
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2
0
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2
.
[2
8
]
A
.
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b
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sh
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d
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.
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.
[2
9
]
T
.
S
tu
a
rt,
“
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ries
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0
]
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a
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1
]
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2
]
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[3
3
]
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in
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tric
Po
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.
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5
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5
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in
1
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la
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sia
,
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tu
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1
.
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rre
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.
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d
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strial
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
a
n
d
I
E
EE
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
S
o
c
ieties
.
To
le
S
u
ti
k
n
o
is
a
n
A
ss
o
c
iate
d
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
in
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsitas
A
h
m
a
d
D
a
h
lan
(UA
D),
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
He
is
Ed
it
o
r
-
in
-
Ch
ief
,
P
rin
c
ip
le
Co
n
tac
t
a
n
d
E
d
it
o
r
f
o
r
so
m
e
S
c
o
p
u
s
in
d
e
x
e
d
jo
u
r
n
a
l
s.
He
is
a
lso
o
n
e
o
f
f
o
u
n
d
e
r
o
f
t
h
e
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
P
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
In
d
e
x
(IP
I)
.
He
h
a
s
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
is
stu
d
ies
f
o
r
B.
En
g
.
,
M
.
E
n
g
.
,
P
h
.
D.
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Dip
o
n
e
g
o
r
o
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
G
a
d
jah
M
a
d
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
a
n
d
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
His
re
s
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
th
e
f
ield
o
f
in
d
u
strial
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s,
p
o
w
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
F
P
G
A
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
sy
ste
m
s,
d
a
t
a
m
in
in
g
,
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
d
ig
it
a
l
li
b
ra
ry
Yo
n
is.
M
.
Yo
n
is
B
u
sw
i
g
w
a
s
b
o
rn
in
Be
n
g
h
a
z
i,
L
ib
y
a
,
in
1
9
8
4
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
O
m
a
r
A
l
-
M
u
k
h
tar
Un
iv
e
rsity
L
ib
y
a
,
in
2
0
0
8
,
t
h
e
M
.
S
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
lec
tro
n
ics
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
sia
,
in
2
0
1
1
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
Dr.
En
g
.
De
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
r
siti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
sia
,
in
2
0
1
5
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
S
e
n
io
r
L
e
c
tu
re
r
in
th
e
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
M
a
la
y
sia
S
a
ra
wa
k
.
Hi
s
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
th
e
a
re
a
o
f
p
o
we
r
e
le
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
m
o
to
r
d
riv
e
s co
n
tro
l.
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