I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
o
w
er
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Driv
e
Sy
s
t
e
m
(
I
J
P
E
DS
)
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
8
9
4
~
1
9
0
2
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
p
ed
s
.
v8
i
4
.
pp
1
8
9
4
-
1902
1894
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
jo
u
r
n
a
l.c
o
m/o
n
lin
e/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/I
JP
E
DS
Si
m
ula
tion a
nd A
na
ly
sis
of Multip
ha
se Bo
o
st Conv
erte
r w
ith
So
ft
-
Sw
itching fo
r Renew
a
ble Energ
y
Applicatio
n
A.
A.
B
a
k
a
r
1
,
M
.
U.
Wa
hy
u
2
,
A.
P
o
nn
ira
n
3
,
T
.
T
a
ufi
k
4
1,
2,
3
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
l
a
y
sia
,
P
a
rit
Ra
ja,
Ba
tu
P
a
h
a
t,
J
o
h
o
r,
M
a
lay
sia
4
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t,
Ca
li
f
o
rn
ia
S
tate
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
C
a
li
f
o
rn
ia,
USA
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
n
1
7
,
2
0
1
7
R
ev
i
s
ed
Oct
3
0
,
2
0
1
7
A
cc
ep
ted
No
v
1
4
,
2
0
1
7
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
re
se
n
ts
th
e
si
m
u
latio
n
d
e
sig
n
o
f
d
c
/d
c
in
terle
a
v
e
d
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
z
e
ro
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
s
w
it
c
h
in
g
(ZV
S
)
.
By
e
m
p
lo
y
in
th
e
in
terle
a
v
e
d
stru
c
tu
re
,
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
c
u
rre
n
t
stre
ss
e
s
to
sw
it
c
h
in
g
d
e
v
ice
s
w
e
re
re
d
u
c
e
d
a
n
d
th
is
sig
n
if
ied
to
a
sw
it
c
h
in
g
c
o
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
l
o
ss
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
.
A
ll
th
e
p
a
ra
m
e
ter
s
h
a
d
b
e
e
n
c
a
lcu
late
d
th
e
o
re
t
ica
ll
y
.
T
h
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
c
o
n
v
e
rter
c
i
rc
u
it
w
a
s
sim
u
late
d
b
y
u
sin
g
M
ATLA
B/S
im
u
li
n
k
a
n
d
P
S
p
ice
so
f
tw
a
re
p
ro
g
ra
m
m
e
s
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
rter
c
ircu
it
m
o
d
e
l
,
w
it
h
sp
e
c
if
ica
ti
o
n
s
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
e
r
of
2
0
0
W
,
in
p
u
t
v
o
lt
a
g
e
ra
n
g
e
f
ro
m
1
0
~
6
0
V,
a
n
d
o
p
e
ra
tes
a
t
1
0
0
k
Hz
sw
it
c
h
in
g
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
wa
s
si
m
u
late
d
to
v
a
li
d
a
te
th
e
d
e
sig
n
e
d
p
a
ra
m
e
ters
.
Th
e
re
su
lt
s
sh
o
w
e
d
th
a
t
th
e
m
a
in
s
w
it
c
h
e
s
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
e
l
c
o
n
v
e
rter
c
ircu
it
a
c
h
iev
e
d
ZV
S
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
d
u
rin
g
t
h
e
in
terle
a
v
in
g
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
.
Co
n
se
q
u
e
n
t
ly
,
th
e
sw
it
c
h
in
g
lo
ss
e
s
in
th
e
m
a
in
sw
it
c
h
in
g
d
e
v
ice
s
we
re
re
d
u
c
e
d
.
T
h
u
s,
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
c
o
n
v
e
rter
c
ircu
it
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
d
v
a
n
tag
e
s
o
f
in
p
u
t
c
u
rre
n
t
stre
ss
a
n
d
sw
it
c
h
in
g
lo
ss
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
s.
He
n
c
e
,
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
d
e
sig
n
e
d
p
a
ra
m
e
ters
a
n
d
re
su
lt
s,
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
rter m
o
d
e
l
c
a
n
b
e
e
x
ten
d
e
d
f
o
r
h
a
rd
w
a
re
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
B
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
C
u
r
r
en
t stre
s
s
Mu
ltip
h
ase
P
u
ls
e
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
Z
er
o
-
v
o
ltag
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
201
7
In
s
t
it
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
A.
A
.
B
ak
ar
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
P
o
w
er
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
Facu
lt
y
o
f
E
lectr
ical
a
n
d
E
lect
r
o
n
ic
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
T
u
n
H
u
s
s
e
in
O
n
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia,
P
ar
it R
aj
a,
B
atu
P
ah
at,
J
o
h
o
r
,
Ma
lay
s
ia.
E
m
ail:
a
f
ar
u
l
@
u
t
h
m
.
ed
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Dc
/
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
es
s
en
tial
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
u
s
ed
in
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
e
lectr
ical
d
ev
ices
a
n
d
ap
p
lian
c
es.
I
n
lo
w
v
o
ltag
e
ap
p
licatio
n
,
f
o
r
i
n
s
ta
n
ce
,
d
ev
ices
w
i
th
r
e
n
e
w
ab
le
p
o
w
er
li
k
e
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
in
es,
s
o
lar
p
an
el
o
r
f
u
el
ce
ll,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
s
tep
p
ed
-
u
p
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ad
eq
u
a
te
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
o
u
tp
u
t
t
o
th
e
lo
ad
s
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
ca
s
e,
dc
/
d
c
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
is
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
a
s
a
co
n
v
er
ter
to
r
eg
u
late
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e.
I
t
is
a
ls
o
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
a
s
tep
-
u
p
co
n
v
er
ter
.
Dc/
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
a
s
i
m
p
le
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
a
f
e
w
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
,
in
d
u
cto
r
,
r
esis
t
o
r
,
d
io
d
e,
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
v
o
ltag
e
ca
n
b
e
r
eg
u
la
ted
b
y
v
ar
y
in
g
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
o
f
t
h
e
P
u
l
s
e
W
id
th
M
o
d
u
latio
n
(
P
W
M)
s
w
itc
h
in
g
s
i
g
n
al.
T
h
e
r
ip
p
le
o
u
tp
u
ts
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
all
y
r
ela
t
ed
to
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies.
Hig
h
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
r
ip
p
le
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
en
t.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
h
i
g
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
ten
r
es
u
lt
s
i
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
lo
s
s
es,
h
i
g
h
er
elec
tr
o
-
m
a
g
n
etic
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
(
E
MI
)
,
an
d
lo
w
er
co
n
v
er
ter
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
m
an
y
r
esear
ch
er
s
u
s
e
th
e
i
n
ter
leav
i
n
g
m
eth
o
d
,
w
h
ich
u
s
e
s
t
w
o
o
r
N
n
u
m
b
er
d
c
/
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
s
co
m
b
in
ed
to
g
et
h
er
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
r
ip
p
le
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t,
as
d
ep
icted
in
[2
-
4]
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
s
c
u
r
r
en
t
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
;
w
h
er
eb
y
th
e
to
tal
cu
r
r
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
cir
cu
it
is
b
ased
o
n
N
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
in
t
h
e
cir
c
u
it.
T
h
e
in
ter
lea
v
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
,
in
f
ac
t,
is
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
in
h
ig
h
p
o
w
er
ap
p
licatio
n
,
esp
ec
iall
y
in
r
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
[
3
]
,
[
5
]
,
f
u
e
l
ce
ll
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
,
an
d
lig
h
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
,
as w
ell
as
h
y
b
r
id
elec
tr
ic
v
e
h
icle
(
HE
V)
[
1
0
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
S
imu
la
tio
n
a
n
d
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f Mu
ltip
h
a
s
e
B
o
o
s
t Co
n
ve
r
ter w
it
h
S
o
ft
-
S
w
itch
in
g
fo
r
R
en
ewa
b
l
e
….
(
A
.
A
.
B
a
ka
r
)
1895
P
o
w
er
lo
s
s
es
ar
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
r
esis
ta
n
ce
,
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
,
p
ass
i
v
e
ele
m
e
n
ts
,
an
d
s
w
itc
h
in
g
lo
s
s
es
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
d
ev
ices.
T
h
ese
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
,
w
h
ic
h
is
an
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
f
i
g
u
r
e
o
f
m
er
it,
an
d
h
av
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
i
m
p
licatio
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
lo
s
s
es
in
th
e
c
o
n
v
er
ter
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
as
lo
w
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
h
i
g
h
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
o
u
tp
u
t.
B
esid
es,
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
lo
s
s
e
s
in
cr
ea
s
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
.
C
o
n
v
er
ter
s
th
a
t
ar
e
o
p
er
ated
in
h
i
g
h
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
u
s
u
all
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
lo
w
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le,
w
h
i
le
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
s
ize
a
n
d
th
e
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
.
At
p
r
esen
t,
m
o
s
t
P
W
M
co
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
o
p
er
ated
u
n
d
er
h
ar
d
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
tu
r
n
o
n
an
d
o
f
f
o
f
t
h
e
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
o
f
ten
ch
a
n
g
e
ab
r
u
p
tl
y
;
ca
u
s
in
g
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
lo
s
s
es,
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
tr
ess
e
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
EMI
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
an
a
u
x
iliar
y
cir
cu
it
ca
lled
th
e
s
n
u
b
b
er
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
lo
s
s
es,
b
u
t
n
o
t n
ec
e
s
s
ar
il
y
th
e
o
v
er
all
lo
s
s
es o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
[
1
3
]
.
As
s
u
c
h
,
an
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
r
ed
u
ce
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
lo
s
s
e
s
is
b
y
ad
d
i
n
g
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
b
r
an
ch
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
w
i
tch
e
s
,
w
h
ic
h
is
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
s
o
f
t
-
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
ca
n
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
t
w
o
;
ze
r
o
-
v
o
ltag
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
ze
r
o
-
cu
r
r
en
t
s
w
itc
h
in
g
.
S
o
f
t
-
sw
itc
h
in
g
co
n
v
er
ter
h
as
g
ai
n
ed
in
ter
est
a
m
o
n
g
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
lo
s
s
e
s
i
n
d
c
/
d
c
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
s
[
1
4
-
17]
.
Dc
/
d
c
co
n
v
er
t
er
s
w
it
h
i
n
ter
lea
v
ed
o
p
er
atio
n
ar
e
f
ascin
ati
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
n
o
w
ad
a
y
s
,
s
in
ce
t
h
e
y
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
r
ip
p
le
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t.
A
n
a
u
x
i
liar
y
cir
cu
i
t
is
p
lace
d
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
es
s
o
th
at
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
o
r
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
ca
n
b
e
s
h
ap
ed
in
s
u
c
h
a
w
a
y
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
c
an
t
u
r
n
o
n
an
d
o
f
f
a
t
ze
r
o
-
cu
r
r
en
t
o
r
v
o
lta
g
e
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
ze
r
o
-
v
o
lta
g
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
,
r
eso
n
an
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
p
lace
d
in
s
er
ie
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
es
s
o
th
at
it
ca
n
d
ela
y
t
h
e
r
i
s
e
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
w
i
tch
e
s
; th
u
s
tu
r
n
in
g
it o
f
f
s
o
f
tl
y
w
i
th
Z
V
S
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
n
th
e
m
u
l
tip
h
ase
/
in
ter
leav
ed
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
ze
r
o
-
v
o
ltag
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
is
s
u
i
tab
le
f
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
it
h
a
w
id
e
f
l
u
ct
u
atin
g
D
C
in
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
r
an
g
e
,
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
i
n
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
ap
p
licatio
n
.
A
2
0
0
W
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
h
ad
b
ee
n
s
i
m
u
lated
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
MA
T
L
A
B
/S
i
m
u
li
n
k
an
d
P
S
p
ice
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
r
esu
lt
s
h
ad
b
ee
n
a
n
al
y
ze
d
to
v
er
if
y
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
to
o
p
er
ate
w
it
h
a
w
id
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
an
d
lo
ad
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
Z
V
S
cir
cu
it
w
a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
t
h
at
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
cir
c
u
i
t
in
ter
m
s
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
r
ip
p
le
cu
r
r
en
t a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t r
ip
p
le
v
o
ltag
e,
as p
r
ese
n
ted
in
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
T
O
P
O
L
O
G
Y
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
cir
cu
i
t
o
f
t
h
e
Z
VS
i
n
ter
leav
ed
d
c
/
d
c
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
is
cir
cu
it
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
t
w
o
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
e
m
ain
ci
r
cu
it
co
m
p
r
is
e
s
o
f
i
n
d
u
cto
r
s
(
L
1
a
n
d
L
2
)
,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
(
C
out
)
,
p
o
w
er
s
w
i
tch
e
s
(
S
1
an
d
S
2
)
,
an
d
d
io
d
es
(
D
1
a
n
d
D
2
)
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
th
e
au
x
iliar
y
c
ir
cu
its
co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
r
eso
n
a
n
t
i
n
d
u
cto
r
s
(
L
r1
an
d
L
r2
)
an
d
r
eso
n
an
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
(
C
r1
a
n
d
C
r2
)
.
T
h
e
r
eso
n
an
t
in
d
u
cto
r
s
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
ar
e
p
lace
d
in
s
er
ies
an
d
p
ar
allel
w
it
h
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
es.
T
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
s
w
i
tch
e
s
S
1
a
n
d
S
2
tu
r
n
o
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
t
ak
e
s
p
lace
u
n
d
er
Z
VS
w
it
h
i
n
a
s
h
o
r
t
p
er
io
d
o
f
ti
m
e,
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
er
ter
o
p
er
ate
s
in
th
e
s
a
m
e
w
a
y
as
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l
P
W
M
co
n
v
er
ter
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
ti
m
e.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
in
ter
leav
ed
d
c/d
c
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
Z
VS
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
as
f
o
r
th
e
in
ter
lea
v
in
g
m
e
th
o
d
,
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
s
L
1
a
n
d
L
2
w
ill
be
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
t
w
o
,
w
h
ic
h
w
ill
th
en
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
r
ed
u
c
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
i
n
d
u
cto
r
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
i
L
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
ca
n
b
e
a
n
al
y
ze
d
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
cu
r
r
en
t.
B
esid
es,
th
e
r
ip
p
le
v
o
lt
ag
e
an
d
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
lo
w
er
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
i
n
g
le
p
h
a
s
e
d
c
/
d
c
c
o
n
v
er
ter
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
w
it
h
ze
r
o
-
v
o
lta
g
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
s
h
al
l
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
w
i
tch
in
g
lo
s
s
es
an
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
o
v
er
all
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ical
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
s
,
it
h
as
b
ee
n
al
s
o
r
ev
ea
led
t
h
at,
t
h
e
D
1
C
out
D
2
L
r1
L
r2
C
r2
C
r1
S
1
S
2
L
2
V
i
L
1
i
L
i
L2
i
L1
R
V
out
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
1
8
9
4
–
1
9
0
2
1896
s
ize
o
f
th
e
i
n
d
u
cto
r
ca
n
b
e
s
m
aller
an
d
lig
h
ter
f
o
r
in
ter
le
av
ed
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
c
o
n
v
en
tio
n
a
l
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
.
3.
DE
S
I
G
N
P
RO
CE
DU
RE
O
F
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CO
N
VE
RT
E
R
3
.
1
.
Select
io
n
o
f
t
he
M
a
in I
nd
uct
o
r
Va
lues
I
n
th
e
i
n
ter
leav
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
,
tw
o
o
u
tp
u
t
p
h
ase
s
w
er
e
alter
n
atel
y
d
r
iv
e
n
at
1
8
0
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
u
t
o
f
p
h
ase.
T
h
e
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
(
I
2
R
)
lo
s
s
es
w
er
e
lo
w
er
ed
b
y
s
p
litt
i
n
g
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
in
to
t
w
o
p
o
w
er
p
ath
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
w
as
p
r
in
cip
all
y
o
p
er
ated
an
d
an
al
y
ze
d
in
C
o
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
C
o
n
d
u
ctio
n
Mo
d
e
(
C
C
M)
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
b
o
th
i
n
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
i
L1
a
n
d
i
L2
wer
e
al
w
a
y
s
p
o
s
iti
v
e.
T
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
i
n
d
u
c
to
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
f
o
r
b
o
th
p
h
a
s
es
w
er
e
s
et
to
5
A
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
.
T
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
w
as
s
et
to
b
e
less
o
r
eq
u
al
to
0
.
5
in
o
r
d
er
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
d
u
cto
r
s
L
r1
a
n
d
L
r2
b
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
V
i
an
d
b
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
lo
ad
R
.
A
ll
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
o
r
th
e
m
ai
n
ci
r
cu
it
w
er
e
d
er
iv
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
v
o
lt
-
s
ec
o
n
d
b
alan
ce
t
h
eo
r
y
as
in
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
an
d
th
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
ts
w
er
e
d
et
er
m
in
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
av
er
ag
e
v
alu
e
an
d
th
e
ch
an
g
e
in
cu
r
r
en
t f
r
o
m
E
q
u
ati
o
n
(
1)
L
DT
V
R
D
V
i
i
I
i
i
L
L
2
)
1
(
2
2
m
i
n
m
a
x
,
(
1
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
o
f
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
i
n
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t
w
i
th
th
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
o
f
d
u
t
y
c
y
cl
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
E
q
u
at
io
n
(
1
)
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
L
1
an
d
L
2
w
e
re
s
et
to
2
2
0
µH
an
d
th
e
lo
ad
w
a
s
v
ar
ied
f
r
o
m
2
0
Ω
to
1
0
0
Ω
.
Hig
h
er
v
al
u
es
o
f
i
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
h
ad
b
ee
n
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
g
ai
n
le
s
s
er
r
ip
p
le
in
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
i
n
d
u
c
to
r
cu
r
r
en
t,
i
Lm
a
x
f
r
o
m
R
=2
0
Ω
a
n
d
d
=0
.
5
w
as
1
3
.
9
2
A
.
I
n
N
in
ter
lea
v
ed
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
,
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
cto
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
w
a
s
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
N
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
ter
lea
v
ed
p
ath
.
O
n
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
an
d
,
b
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
in
t
er
leav
ed
p
ath
,
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
t
w
o
u
ld
also
be
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
0
.
1
0
.
2
0
.
3
0
.
4
0
.
5
0
5
10
D
u
t
y
c
y
c
l
e
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
m
a
x
d
100
(
)
i
m
a
x
d
80
(
)
i
m
a
x
d
60
(
)
i
m
a
x
d
40
(
)
i
m
a
x
d
20
(
)
d
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
t i
L
v
er
s
u
s
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
(
L
=2
2
0
u
H)
f
o
r
s
in
g
le
p
h
a
s
e
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
3
.
2
.
Select
io
n o
f
Reso
na
nt
I
nd
uct
o
rs a
nd
Ca
pa
cit
o
rs
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
Z
V
S
p
r
in
cip
le,
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
m
ai
n
s
w
itc
h
es
wer
e
tu
r
n
ed
o
f
f
,
C
r1
a
n
d
C
r2
w
o
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
t
u
r
n
-
o
f
f
lo
s
s
.
T
h
e
lar
g
er
v
al
u
es
o
f
C
r1
a
n
d
C
r2
r
es
u
lted
i
n
lo
w
er
t
u
r
n
-
o
f
f
lo
s
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
lar
g
er
v
alu
e
s
o
f
C
r1
an
d
C
r2
ca
u
s
ed
m
o
r
e
en
er
g
y
to
b
e
s
to
r
ed
.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ed
in
C
r1
an
d
C
r2
w
as
t
h
en
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
to
L
r1
a
n
d
L
r2
alte
r
n
ativ
e
l
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
.
I
t
f
u
r
th
er
a
f
f
ec
ted
th
e
p
ea
k
v
alu
e
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
lo
s
s
es
o
f
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
es.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
th
er
e
w
as
a
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
w
h
e
n
th
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
r
eso
n
an
t
in
d
u
c
to
r
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
w
er
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
.
Fo
r
au
x
iliar
y
cir
cu
i
t,
th
e
v
a
lu
es
o
f
r
eso
n
an
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
an
d
in
d
u
cto
r
w
er
e
ca
lcu
la
ted
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
E
q
u
atio
n
s
(
2
)
an
d
(
3
)
,
as p
r
ese
n
ted
in
[
1
2
]
,
w
h
er
eb
y
Q
i
s
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
.
R
=
100
Ω
R=
8
0
Ω
R=
6
0
Ω
R=
4
0
Ω
R=
2
0
Ω
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
S
imu
la
tio
n
a
n
d
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f Mu
ltip
h
a
s
e
B
o
o
s
t Co
n
ve
r
ter w
it
h
S
o
ft
-
S
w
itch
in
g
fo
r
R
en
ewa
b
l
e
….
(
A
.
A
.
B
a
ka
r
)
1897
Q
R
L
o
L
r
(
2
)
w
h
ile
t
h
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t c
ap
ac
itan
ce
w
as o
b
tai
n
ed
v
ia,
L
o
r
R
Q
C
(
3
)
an
d
d
c
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
as
in
o
V
V
M
(
4
)
s
in
ce
,
o
s
f
f
M
/
1
.
1
(
5
)
T
h
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
is
p
ap
er
w
a
s
b
ased
o
n
b
o
o
s
t
h
al
f
w
a
v
e
Z
VS
co
n
v
er
ter
.
E
q
u
atio
n
(
6
)
w
as
th
en
u
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
v
alu
es
o
f
Q
an
d
A
,
w
it
h
n
=1
,
ad
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
o
s
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
3
]
an
d
[
4
]
b
y
Kaz
i
m
ier
cz
u
k
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
s
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
4
w
er
e
p
l
o
tted
u
s
in
g
Ma
t
h
C
A
D
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
b
ased
o
n
th
e
v
al
u
e
s
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
E
q
u
atio
n
(
6
)
.
(
6
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
No
r
m
alize
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
v
er
s
u
s
v
o
lta
g
e
g
ain
; n
=1
an
d
h
≤
0
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
No
r
m
alize
d
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
Ver
s
u
s
Q
u
alit
y
Facto
r
;
N=
1
an
d
h
≤
0
Fo
r
Q=
M,
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
a
n
d
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
v
al
u
es
o
f
r
eso
n
an
t
i
n
d
u
cto
r
h
ad
b
ee
n
ca
lc
u
lated
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
s
f
o
r
L
r1,
2
a
n
d
C
r1,
2
w
er
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
el
y
c
h
o
s
e
n
to
b
e
s
m
all
f
o
r
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
o
t
h
at
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
te
r
co
u
ld
o
p
er
a
te
in
v
ar
io
u
s
r
an
g
es
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
lo
ad
s
.
A
ll
th
e
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
w
er
e
ca
lcu
lated
to
id
en
tify
th
e
s
u
itab
le
v
al
u
e
s
u
s
ed
i
n
s
i
m
u
latio
n
.
No
n
e
th
ele
s
s
,
t
h
e
m
ain
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
(
L
1
a
n
d
L
2
)
an
d
th
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
(
C
1
an
d
C
2
)
h
ad
b
ee
n
v
er
y
lar
g
e
(
L
1
an
d
L
2
>>
L
r
,
C
1
a
n
d
C
2
>>
C
r
)
.
T
h
e
Z
V
S
i
n
ter
leav
e
d
d
c
/
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
a
n
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
2
2
1
1
1
a
r
c
c
o
s
2
2
M
Q
Q
M
M
Q
M
Q
M
A
1
2
3
4
5
0
0
.
2
0
.
4
0
.
6
0
.
8
f
s/
f
o
A
M
0
.
0
5
(
)
A
M
0
.
1
(
)
A
M
0
.
3
(
)
A
M
0
.
5
(
)
A
M
0
.
9
(
)
M
M2
A
(
)
1
.
1
A
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
0
.
2
0
.
4
0
.
6
0
.
8
D
C
vol
t
a
ge
t
r
a
ns
f
e
r
f
u
nc
t
i
on
f
s/
f
o
A
1
Q
(
)
A
1
.
5
Q
(
)
A
2
Q
(
)
A
3
Q
(
)
A
4
Q
(
)
A
5
Q
(
)
Q
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
1
8
9
4
–
1
9
0
2
1898
T
ab
le
1
.
Desig
n
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
Z
VS in
ter
lea
v
ed
d
c
/
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
.
S
y
mb
o
l
S
p
e
e
d
(
r
p
m)
V
i
10V
-
1
0
0
V
L
1
a
n
d
L
2
2
2
0
µ
H
C
1
4
7
0
µ
F
L
r1
a
n
d
L
r2
C
r1
a
n
d
C
r2
1
0
µ
F
5
6
n
F
f
s
1
0
0
k
H
z
P
o
ut
2
0
0
W
4.
CIRCU
I
T
S
I
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
Co
ntr
o
ller
Desig
n
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
it
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
as
r
ea
lized
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
P
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
I
n
teg
r
al
(
P
I
)
co
n
tr
o
l
ler
,
w
h
ic
h
w
a
s
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
s
tep
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
ien
t
r
esp
o
n
s
es
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
p
r
o
p
er
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
.
T
h
e
v
a
lu
es
o
f
K
P
an
d
K
I
w
er
e
ad
j
u
s
ted
to
a
f
e
w
v
al
u
es
b
y
tr
ial
-
a
n
d
-
er
r
o
r
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
o
p
tim
a
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
h
ad
b
ee
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
i
th
r
ef
e
r
e
n
ce
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
w
as
f
ed
to
th
e
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
er
e
w
er
e
t
w
o
s
a
w
-
to
o
th
s
ig
n
al
s
,
w
h
ic
h
th
e
n
w
er
e
eq
u
ated
w
it
h
th
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
P
W
M
s
ig
n
al
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
e
P
W
M
s
w
itc
h
in
g
s
i
g
n
al
g
e
n
er
ated
d
if
f
er
ed
b
y
1
8
0
d
eg
r
ee
s
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
o
th
er
.
4
.
2
.
Co
nv
er
t
er
Cha
ra
ct
er
is
t
ics
Oth
er
t
h
a
n
t
h
at,
th
e
P
Sp
ice
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
h
ad
b
ee
n
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
an
al
y
ze
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
Z
VS
in
ter
leav
ed
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
.
P
Sp
ice
allo
w
ed
f
o
r
a
p
r
ec
is
e
s
t
u
d
y
a
n
d
ev
alu
a
tio
n
o
f
elec
tr
ical
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
t
h
u
s
o
p
ti
m
izi
n
g
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
c
o
n
v
er
ter
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
,
s
u
ch
a
s
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
w
itc
h
es,
h
ad
b
ee
n
m
a
d
e
av
ailab
le
in
th
e
P
Sp
ice
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
e
lib
r
ar
y
w
h
er
eb
y
,
ev
er
y
p
ar
t
lis
ted
h
a
d
a
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
P
Sp
ice
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
P
W
M
s
w
itch
in
g
s
ig
n
al
w
a
s
s
et
at
1
0
0
k
Hz.
t
r
a
n
d
t
f
i
n
d
icate
d
t
h
e
r
is
e
t
i
m
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
f
all
ti
m
e
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
er
’
s
c
ir
cu
it
w
er
e
s
et
to
1
6
0
n
s
an
d
1
4
0
n
s
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
All
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
et
er
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
m
atc
h
ed
t
h
e
ex
ac
t
v
al
u
es
a
v
ailab
le
i
n
t
h
e
m
ar
k
et.
5.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
5
.
1
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
n R
es
ults
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
o
p
er
atin
g
asp
ec
t
s
h
ad
b
ee
n
ev
al
u
ated
b
y
u
s
in
g
P
Sp
ice
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
Dif
f
er
en
t
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
es
i
n
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
h
ad
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
c
h
a
n
g
in
g
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
lo
ad
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
ter
lea
v
ed
d
c/d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
h
ar
d
s
w
i
tch
in
g
,
w
h
i
le
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
-
s
w
i
tch
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
w
i
th
0
.
5
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle.
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
(
a)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
lo
s
s
es
d
u
r
i
n
g
tu
r
n
i
n
g
o
n
an
d
o
f
f
at
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
tr
an
s
itio
n
p
h
a
s
e
o
f
S
1
a
n
d
S
2
.
As
e
x
h
ib
ited
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
(
c)
an
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
(
d
)
,
b
o
th
s
w
itc
h
es
S
1
a
n
d
S
2
t
u
r
n
ed
o
n
at
ze
r
o
-
v
o
ltag
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
lo
s
e
s
s
(
V
ds
x
I
ds
)
ac
r
o
s
s
s
w
itc
h
e
s
S
1
an
d
S
2
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
(
a)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
(
b
)
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
l
y
.
Du
r
i
n
g
th
is
co
n
d
itio
n
,
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
v
o
ltag
e
lo
s
s
es a
cr
o
s
s
s
in
g
le
s
w
itc
h
f
o
r
h
ar
d
s
w
itch
in
g
an
d
s
o
f
t s
w
i
tc
h
in
g
ar
e
5
.
5
1
7
W
att
an
d
2
.
3
4
8
W
att,
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
el
y
.
I
t
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at,
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
ze
r
o
v
o
ltag
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e,
t
h
e
lo
s
s
es
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
h
ad
b
ee
n
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
5
9
.
4
4
p
ec
en
t.
Nex
t,
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
f
o
r
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
0
.
5
w
it
h
3
0
V
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
I
t
illu
s
tr
ate
s
th
e
r
ip
p
le
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
l
ta
g
e,
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
t
(
i
L
)
,
in
d
u
cto
r
s
cu
r
r
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
L
1
a
n
d
L
2
,
a
n
d
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
i
g
n
a
l
f
o
r
S
1
an
d
S
2
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
a
v
e
r
ag
e
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
t
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
7(
b
)
w
a
s
9
.
9
4
A
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
i
n
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t
in
cr
ea
s
ed
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
lin
ea
r
l
y
b
y
v
ar
y
in
g
to
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle.
A
d
d
itio
n
all
y
,
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
r
ip
p
le
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
h
ad
b
ee
n
d
o
u
b
led
as
b
o
th
th
e
p
h
ases
w
er
e
g
e
n
er
ated
to
g
eth
er
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
w
h
ich
ca
u
s
ed
a
n
ef
f
o
r
tle
s
s
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
r
ip
p
le
v
o
ltag
e,
as d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
F
ig
u
r
e
7(
a
).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
S
imu
la
tio
n
a
n
d
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f Mu
ltip
h
a
s
e
B
o
o
s
t Co
n
ve
r
ter w
it
h
S
o
ft
-
S
w
itch
in
g
fo
r
R
en
ewa
b
l
e
….
(
A
.
A
.
B
a
ka
r
)
1899
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
I
n
ter
leav
ed
d
c/d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
h
ar
d
s
w
itc
h
in
g
at
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
0
.
5
,
(
a
)
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
ac
r
o
s
s
S
1
,
(
b
)
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
ac
r
o
s
s
S
2
(
c)
V
ds
an
d
I
ds
ac
r
o
s
s
S
1
an
d
(
d
)
S
2
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
ts
f
o
r
in
ter
leav
ed
d
c/d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
w
it
h
ze
r
o
-
v
o
lta
g
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
at
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
le
0
.
5
,
(
a
)
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
ac
r
o
s
s
S
1
,
(
b
)
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
ac
r
o
s
s
S
2
,
an
d
(
c)
V
ds
an
d
I
ds
ac
r
o
s
s
s
w
itc
h
S
1
a
n
d
(
d
)
S
2
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
ts
f
o
r
Z
VS i
n
ter
leav
ed
d
c/d
c
co
n
v
e
r
ter
w
it
h
s
o
f
t
-
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
at
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
0
.
5
,
(
a)
r
ip
p
le
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
e,
(
b
)
i
L
,
(
c)
i
L1
a
n
d
i
L2
,
(
d
)
V
g
s1
an
d
(
e)
V
g
s2
5
.
2
.
Co
nv
er
t
er
E
f
f
iciency
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
ef
f
ic
ien
cie
s
test
ed
u
s
i
n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
o
u
tp
u
t
lo
ad
s
b
y
v
ar
y
in
g
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
lo
ad
w
a
s
v
ar
ied
f
r
o
m
3
0
Ω
to
1
0
0
Ω
;
ass
u
m
in
g
t
h
er
e
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
s
o
m
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
t
h
e
lo
ad
w
h
ic
h
co
u
ld
a
f
f
ec
t
u
n
ce
r
tain
t
y
i
n
th
e
o
p
er
at
in
g
p
o
in
t.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
s
w
er
e
v
ar
ied
f
r
o
m
0
.
2
to
0
.
5
f
o
r
b
o
th
S
1
a
n
d
S
2
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
ter
lea
v
in
g
m
eth
o
d
.
He
n
ce
,
t
h
e
r
es
u
l
ts
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
li
n
ea
r
l
y
w
it
h
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
est
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
w
as
at
9
6
.
8
7
%
at
2
0
0
W
o
u
tp
u
t
l
o
ad
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
(
h
)
.
Du
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
s
,
s
o
m
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
i
n
d
u
ct
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
ain
-
s
o
u
r
ce
,
h
ad
b
ee
n
an
al
y
ze
d
to
m
ee
t
th
e
s
u
i
tab
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
.
0
.
1
0
.
2
0
.
3
0
.
4
0
.
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
0
.
1
0
.
2
0
.
3
0
.
4
0
.
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
0
.
1
0
.
2
0
.
3
0
.
4
0
.
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
T
i
m
e
9
0
.
5
6
4
m
s
9
0
.
5
6
8
m
s
9
0
.
5
7
2
m
s
9
0
.
5
7
6
m
s
9
0
.
5
8
0
m
s
V
(
M
1
:
D
)/
5
I(M
1
:
D
)
10
20
-
2
V
(
M
2
:
D
)/
5
I(M
2
:
D
)
0
10
20
I(M
1
:
D
)
*
V
(
M
1
:
D
)
0
200W
400W
I(M
2
:
D
)
*
V
(
M
2
:
D
)
0
200W
400W
(
a
)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
T
i
m
e
9
0
.
6
4
2
m
s
9
0
.
6
4
6
m
s
9
0
.
6
5
0
m
s
9
0
.
6
5
4
m
s
9
0
.
6
5
8
m
s
9
0
.
6
6
2
m
s
V
(
M
1
:
D
)/
1
0
I(M
1
:
D
)
-
5
5
10
15
V
(
M
2
:
D
)/
1
0
I(M
2
:
D
)
-
5
0
5
10
15
V
(
M
1
:
D
)
*
I(
M
1
:
D
)
0W
50W
100W
V
(
M
2
:
D
)
*
I(
M
2
:
D
)
0W
25W
50W
(
a
)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
T
i
m
e
9
6
.
1
6
0
m
s
9
6
.
1
6
5
m
s
9
6
.
1
7
0
m
s
9
6
.
1
7
5
m
s
9
6
.
1
8
0
m
s
9
6
.
1
8
5
m
s
9
6
.
1
9
0
m
s
V
(
V
3
:
+
)
0V
5V
1
0
V
1
5
V
V
(
V
2
:
+
)
0V
5V
1
0
V
1
5
V
I
(
L
2
)
I
(
L
3
)
4
.
5
A
5
.
0
A
5
.
5
A
-
I
(
V
1
)
9
.
9
3
8
A
1
0
.
0
0
0
A
1
0
.
0
6
3
A
V
(
R
1
:
1
)
5
7
.
0
0
V
5
7
.
0
2
V
5
7
.
0
4
V
(
a
)
(
b
)
(
c
)
(
d
)
(
e
)
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
I
n
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge
Dut
y
c
y
c
l
e
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
I
n
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge
Dut
y
c
y
c
l
e
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
I
n
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge
Dut
y
c
y
c
l
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
1
8
9
4
–
1
9
0
2
1900
(a
)
(b
)
(c
)
(d
)
(e
)
(f
)
(g
)
(h
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
R
esu
lts
o
f
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
w
it
h
co
n
s
ta
n
t lo
ad
test
(
a)
R
=1
0
0
Ω
,
(
b
)
R
=9
0
Ω
,
(
c)
R
=
8
0
Ω
,
(
d
)
R
=7
0
Ω
,
(
e)
R
=6
0
Ω
,
(
f
)
R
=5
0
Ω
,
(
g
)
R
=4
0
Ω
,
an
d
(
h
)
R
=3
0
Ω
5
.
3
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
t
he
I
np
ut
Curre
nt
Ripp
le
a
nd
O
utp
ut
Vo
lt
a
g
e
R
ipp
le
o
f
t
he
I
B
C
Z
VS
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
t
h
i
s
an
a
l
y
s
is
was
d
o
n
e
to
ev
al
u
ate
i
f
t
h
e
i
n
ter
leav
ed
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
h
ad
b
ee
n
ca
p
ab
le
f
o
r
a
co
n
d
itio
n
a
s
s
o
ciate
d
to
Z
VS
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
w
i
tch
e
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
ir
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
tr
ess
e
s
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
s
f
o
r
I
B
C
an
d
I
B
C
Z
VS
f
r
o
m
P
Sp
ice
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
h
ad
b
ee
n
an
al
y
ze
d
i
n
d
etail.
I
n
t
h
is
s
it
u
atio
n
,
t
h
e
cir
cu
i
t
s
i
m
u
latio
n
w
a
s
s
i
m
u
lated
f
o
r
5
0
m
s
ec
o
n
d
s
an
d
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
b
eg
an
s
a
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
ata
af
ter
4
0
m
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
T
h
e
in
d
u
cto
r
s
cu
r
r
en
t
(
i
L
)
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
d
u
t
y
c
y
cles
h
ad
also
b
ee
n
an
al
y
ze
d
,
a
s
s
u
m
in
g
t
h
at
t
h
e
r
ip
p
le
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
t
w
as
co
n
s
ta
n
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
.
T
h
eo
r
etica
lly
,
f
o
r
s
in
g
le
p
h
ase
co
n
v
er
ter
,
t
h
e
in
d
u
cto
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
at
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
v
al
u
e
a
t
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
0
.
5
.
Nev
er
th
e
less
,
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le
w
as
at
ze
r
o
f
o
r
t
w
o
-
s
t
ag
e
co
n
v
er
ter
,
w
h
ile
a
s
s
u
m
in
g
all
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
w
er
e
i
n
id
ea
l state.
Fig
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
s
in
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
r
ip
p
le
f
o
r
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
t
f
o
r
in
ter
leav
ed
b
o
o
s
t
an
d
I
B
C
Z
VS
.
T
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
s
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le
f
o
r
b
o
th
co
n
d
itio
n
s
h
ad
b
ee
n
p
lo
tted
in
to
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
s
.
T
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
es
o
f
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
les
f
o
r
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
0
.
5
w
er
e
b
elo
w
1
%
f
o
r
b
o
th
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
i
n
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
le,
n
o
n
e
th
ele
s
s
,
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
lin
ea
r
l
y
w
i
th
t
h
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle.
Fig
u
r
e
10
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
r
ip
p
le
cu
r
r
en
t
f
r
o
m
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
(
a)
,
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
,
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
c)
.
T
h
er
e
w
as
n
o
ad
d
itio
n
a
l
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
tr
ess
ac
r
o
s
s
o
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
d
ev
ices
i
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
t
h
e
h
ar
d
-
s
w
i
t
ch
in
g
co
n
v
er
ter
co
u
n
ter
-
p
ar
t,
w
h
ic
h
r
ed
u
ce
d
t
h
e
co
n
d
u
ct
io
n
lo
s
s
e
s
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
o
u
t
put
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
a
b
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
r
ip
p
le
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
r
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
i
n
ter
leav
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
p
r
o
d
u
ce
alm
o
s
t
th
e
s
a
m
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
o
u
tp
u
t r
ip
p
le
v
o
lta
g
e
w
a
s
at
4
8
V
,
w
h
o
s
e
v
al
u
e
wa
s
0
.
9
%.
I
t
also
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
r
ip
p
le
v
o
ltag
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
w
ith
t
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
A
ll
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
c
to
r
d
ev
ices
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
v
er
ter
w
er
e
n
o
t
s
u
b
j
ec
ted
to
an
y
ad
d
itio
n
al
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
tr
ess
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
p
r
i
m
ar
y
s
id
es,
h
o
w
ev
er
,
h
ad
b
ee
n
p
ar
allel
to
h
an
d
le
t
h
e
lar
g
e
i
n
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t
an
d
to
m
in
i
m
ize
th
e
i
n
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t r
ip
p
le.
0
.
1
0
.
2
0
.
3
0
.
4
0
.
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
0
.
1
0
.
2
0
.
3
0
.
4
0
.
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
0
.
1
0
.
2
0
.
3
0
.
4
0
.
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
0
.
1
0
.
2
0
.
3
0
.
4
0
.
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
0
.
1
0
.
2
0
.
3
0
.
4
0
.
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
I
n
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge
Dut
y
c
y
c
l
e
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
I
n
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge
Dut
y
c
y
c
l
e
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
I
n
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge
Dut
y
c
y
c
l
e
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
I
n
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge
Dut
y
c
y
c
l
e
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
I
n
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge
Dut
y
c
y
c
l
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
S
imu
la
tio
n
a
n
d
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f Mu
ltip
h
a
s
e
B
o
o
s
t Co
n
ve
r
ter w
it
h
S
o
ft
-
S
w
itch
in
g
fo
r
R
en
ewa
b
l
e
….
(
A
.
A
.
B
a
ka
r
)
1901
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
P
er
ce
n
tag
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
r
ip
p
le
cu
r
r
en
t i
L
o
f
I
B
C
a
n
d
I
B
S Z
VS a
s
s
o
ciate
d
w
ith
V
out
at
(
a)
4
8
V,
(
b
)
3
6
V,
an
d
(
c)
2
4
V
Fig
u
r
e
10
.
A
v
er
a
g
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
f
o
r
I
B
C
an
d
I
B
S
Z
VS.
T
ab
le
2
.
Sim
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
r
ip
p
le
f
o
r
I
B
C
an
d
I
B
C
Z
VS.
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
O
u
t
p
u
t
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
R
i
p
p
l
e
48
-
V
36
-
V
24
-
V
I
B
C
I
B
C
Z
V
S
I
B
C
I
B
C
Z
V
S
I
B
C
I
B
C
Z
V
S
D
u
t
y
c
y
c
l
e
0
.
5
0
.
6
0
.
7
0
.
4
0
.
5
0
.
3
0
.
3
0
.
4
0
.
9
0
.
9
0
.
6
0
.
6
0
.
4
0
.
4
0
.
3
0
.
8
0
.
8
0
.
6
0
.
7
0
.
4
0
.
4
0
.
2
0
.
6
0
.
6
0
.
4
0
.
4
0
.
2
0
.
3
0
.
1
0
.
3
0
.
3
0
.
2
0
.
3
0
.
1
0
.
2
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
A
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
n
Z
VS
f
o
r
in
te
r
leav
ed
d
c
/
d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
h
a
s
b
ee
n
p
r
ese
n
ted
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
;
a
lth
o
u
g
h
i
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
ad
d
itio
n
al
au
x
i
liar
y
r
eso
n
an
t
cir
cu
its
a
n
d
d
ev
ices
w
it
h
co
n
tr
o
l
co
m
p
lex
it
y
,
w
h
ic
h
h
ad
in
cr
ea
s
ed
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
,
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
d
its
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
g
e
n
er
ated
ex
tr
a
lo
s
s
es
th
at
ev
e
n
t
u
all
y
a
d
v
er
s
el
y
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
s
th
e
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
te
r
.
Nev
er
th
e
less
,
th
e
s
w
i
tch
in
g
lo
s
s
es
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
u
r
n
o
f
f
o
f
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
g
r
ea
tl
y
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
h
a
s
also
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
r
ip
p
le
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
r
ip
p
le
v
o
ltag
e
w
ill
n
o
t
b
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
t
h
e
p
r
ese
n
ce
o
f
au
x
i
liar
y
cir
c
u
it.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
s
witch
i
n
g
lo
s
s
e
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
u
r
n
o
ff
o
f
th
e
s
w
itc
h
es
s
till
ex
is
t.
T
h
ese
h
av
e
b
ee
n
eli
m
in
ated
b
y
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
ze
r
o
-
cu
r
r
en
t
s
w
itc
h
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
(
Z
C
S).
A
ll
t
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
esi
g
n
,
ca
n
b
e
clea
r
l
y
id
en
ti
f
ied
f
o
r
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
.
0.
47
1.
69
3.
46
4.
35
3.
68
0.
28
1.
81
3.
50
4.
32
3.
64
0.
0
0.
5
1.
0
1.
5
2.
0
2.
5
3.
0
3.
5
4.
0
4.
5
5.
0
0.
5
0.
4
0.
3
0.
2
0.
1
dut
y
cy
cl
e
0.
47
1.
70
3.
51
4.
36
3.
71
0.
25
1.
84
3.
50
4.
31
3.
62
0.
0
0.
5
1.
0
1.
5
2.
0
2.
5
3.
0
3.
5
4.
0
4.
5
5.
0
0.
5
0.
4
0.
3
0.
2
0.
1
du
ty
c
y
c
l
e
0.
48
1.
72
3.
54
4.
35
3.
75
0.
31
1.
83
3.
58
4.
35
3.
67
0.
0
0.
5
1.
0
1.
5
2.
0
2.
5
3.
0
3.
5
4.
0
4.
5
5.
0
0.
5
0.
4
0.
3
0.
2
0.
1
du
ty
c
y
c
l
e
2.
73
2.
75
2.
77
2.
71
2.
70
2.
75
2
.
0
2
.
2
2
.
4
2
.
6
2
.
8
3
.
0
4
8
V
3
6
V
2
4
V
I
B
C
I
B
C
Z
VS
0.
74%
V
o
ut
1.
85%
0.
73%
I
B
C
I
B
C
Z
V
S
%
ΔI
L
%
Δ
I
L
%
ΔI
L
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
1
8
9
4
–
1
9
0
2
1902
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
w
as
p
ar
tiall
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
an
d
f
u
n
d
ed
b
y
Un
i
v
e
r
s
it
y
T
u
n
H
u
s
s
e
in
O
n
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia
(
ST
G
U3
5
3
)
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
N.
A
lt
in
tas
,
A
.
F
.
Ba
k
a
n
,
a
n
d
I.
Ak
so
y
,
“
A
No
v
e
l
ZV
T
-
ZCT
-
P
W
M
Bo
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rter,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
POW
ER
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
5
6
–
2
6
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
]
M
.
Re
z
v
a
n
y
v
a
rd
o
m
,
E.
A
d
ib
,
a
n
d
H.
F
a
rz
a
n
e
h
f
a
rd
,
“
Ne
w
In
t
e
rlea
v
e
d
Zero
-
Cu
rre
n
t
S
w
it
c
h
in
g
P
u
lse
-
W
id
t
h
M
o
d
u
latio
n
B
o
o
st C
o
n
v
e
rter w
it
h
On
e
A
u
x
il
iar
y
S
w
it
c
h
,
”
IET
P
o
w
e
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
.
9
7
9
,
2
0
1
1
.
[3
]
D.
Ju
n
g
,
Y.
Ji,
S
.
P
a
rk
,
Y
.
Ju
n
g
,
C.
W
o
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
M
e
m
b
e
r,
“
In
terle
a
v
e
d
S
o
f
t
-
S
w
it
c
h
in
g
Bo
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
P
o
w
e
r
-
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
POW
ER
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
7
–
1
1
4
5
,
2
0
1
1
.
[4
]
J.
W
e
n
,
T
.
Jin
,
a
n
d
K.
S
m
e
d
le
y
,
“
A
Ne
w
In
ter
lea
v
e
d
Iso
la
ted
B
o
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rte
r
fo
r
Hig
h
Po
we
r
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
Tw
e
n
t
y
-
F
irst
A
n
n
u
.
I
EE
E
A
p
p
l.
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
C
o
n
f
.
Ex
p
o
.
2
0
0
6
.
A
P
EC
’0
6
.
,
p
p
.
7
9
–
8
4
,
2
0
0
6
.
[5
]
C.
T
a
n
g
,
Y.
Ch
e
n
,
Y.
C
h
e
n
,
Y.
Ch
e
n
,
a
n
d
Y.
Ch
a
n
g
,
“
M
u
l
ti
-
M
o
d
e
In
terle
a
v
e
d
Bo
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rter
fo
r
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
s
w
it
h
L
o
w
-
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Rid
e
-
T
h
ro
u
g
h
Ca
p
a
b
il
it
y
,
”
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
9
6
–
1
1
0
1
.
[6
]
V
.
S
a
m
a
v
a
ti
a
n
a
n
d
A
.
R
a
d
a
n
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
lo
w
-
rip
p
le
in
terle
a
v
e
d
b
u
c
k
–
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
h
ig
h
e
ff
ic
ien
c
y
a
n
d
lo
w
o
sc
il
latio
n
f
o
r
f
u
e
l
-
c
e
ll
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
in
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
Po
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
2
0
1
4
,
v
o
l.
6
3
,
p
p
.
4
4
6
–
4
5
4
.
[7
]
G
.
C.
H.
Ka
n
g
a
n
d
B.
L
.
W
.
L
e
e
,
“
De
sig
n
C
o
n
si
d
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
In
ter
l
e
a
v
e
d
Co
n
v
e
rte
rs
fo
r
F
u
e
l
Ce
ll
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
in
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
t
rica
l
M
a
c
h
in
e
s an
d
S
y
ste
m
s
,
2
0
0
7
,
p
p
.
2
3
8
–
2
4
3
.
[8
]
C.
Zh
e
n
g
,
S
.
M
e
m
b
e
r,
W
.
Yu
,
J.
J.
Lai,
a
n
d
H.
M
a
,
“
S
in
g
le
-
S
wit
c
h
T
h
re
e
-
L
e
v
e
l
Bo
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rte
r
fo
r
PW
M
Dimm
in
g
L
ED
L
i
g
h
ti
n
g
,
”
i
n
E
n
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rsio
n
Co
n
g
re
ss
a
n
d
Ex
p
o
siti
o
n
(ECCE
)
,
2
0
1
1
,
p
p
.
2
5
8
9
–
2
5
9
6
.
[9
]
S
.
H.Ho
ss
e
in
i,
S
.
K.
Ha
g
h
ig
h
ian
,
S
.
Da
n
y
a
li
,
a
n
d
H
.
A
g
h
a
z
a
d
e
h
,
“
M
u
lt
i
-
In
p
u
t
DC
B
o
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rte
r
S
u
p
p
li
e
d
b
y
a
Hy
b
rid
PV
/
W
in
d
T
u
rb
in
e
P
o
we
r
S
y
ste
ms
fo
r
S
tre
e
t
L
ig
h
ti
n
g
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
C
o
n
n
e
c
ted
t
o
t
h
e
Gr
id
,
”
in
Un
iv
e
rsiti
e
s
P
o
w
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
(UP
EC)
,
2
0
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
–
6.
[1
0
]
F.
Kh
o
u
c
h
a
,
A
.
Be
n
ra
b
a
h
,
O.
H
e
rizi,
A
.
Kh
e
lo
u
i,
F
.
K
h
o
u
c
h
a
,
A
.
Be
n
ra
b
a
h
,
O.
He
rizi,
a
n
d
A
.
Kh
e
lo
u
i
,
“
A
n
Im
p
ro
v
e
d
M
P
P
T
In
terle
a
v
e
d
Bo
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
S
o
lar
El
e
c
tri
c
V
e
h
icle
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
in
IEE
E
POW
ER
ENG
2
0
1
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
1
]
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
H.
Ra
sh
id
,
P
o
we
r E
l
e
c
tro
n
ics
Ha
n
d
b
o
o
k
,
3
rd
e
d
.
E
lse
v
ier,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
2
]
A
.
B.
Af
a
ru
lraz
i,
M
.
U.
W
a
h
y
u
,
T
.
T
a
u
f
ik
,
S
.
A
iza
m
,
a
n
d
Ju
m
a
d
r
il
,
“
De
sig
n
S
tu
d
y
o
f
Zero
Vo
lt
a
g
e
S
w
it
c
h
in
g
f
o
r
DC/DC Bo
o
st C
o
n
v
e
rter,”
Ap
p
l.
M
e
c
h
.
M
a
ter
.
,
v
o
l.
7
8
5
,
p
p
.
1
3
6
–
1
4
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
3
]
T
a
u
f
ik
,
P
.
L
u
th
e
r,
a
n
d
M
.
A
n
wa
ri,
“
Dig
it
a
ll
y
Co
n
tro
ll
e
d
Z
VS
Qu
a
si
-
Res
o
n
a
n
t
Bo
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rte
r
wit
h
M
-
typ
e
S
wit
c
h
,
”
in
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
telli
g
e
n
t
a
n
d
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
S
y
st
e
m
s
,
2
0
0
7
,
p
p
.
8
2
3
–
8
2
8
.
[1
4
]
M
.
K.
Ka
z
i
m
ierc
z
u
k
,
“
D
e
sig
n
-
Or
ien
ted
A
n
a
l
y
sis o
f
Bo
o
st
Zero
-
V
o
lt
a
g
e
-
S
w
it
c
h
in
g
Re
so
n
a
n
t
DC /
DC Co
n
v
e
rter,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
2
6
–
1
3
6
,
1
9
8
8
.
[1
5
]
S
.
S
.
P
a
rk
,
J.
Yu
,
Y.
Ju
n
g
,
C
.
W
o
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
M
e
m
b
e
r,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
De
sig
n
o
f
a
S
o
f
t
-
S
w
it
c
h
in
g
Bo
o
st
C
o
n
v
e
rter
W
it
h
a
n
HI
-
Brid
g
e
A
u
x
il
iar
y
Re
so
n
a
n
t
Circu
it
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
POW
ER
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
5
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
2
1
4
2
–
2
1
4
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
6
]
Y.
Hs
ieh
,
T
.
Hs
u
e
h
,
a
n
d
H.
Ye
n
,
“
A
n
In
terle
a
v
e
d
Bo
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rter
W
it
h
Zero
-
Vo
lt
a
g
e
T
ra
n
siti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
POW
ER
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
9
7
3
–
9
7
8
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
7
]
R
.
C.
N.
P
il
a
w
a
-
p
o
d
g
u
rsk
i,
S
.
M
e
m
b
e
r,
A
.
D.
S
a
g
n
e
ri,
J.
M
.
Riv
a
s,
D.
I.
A
n
d
e
rso
n
,
D.
J.
P
e
rre
a
u
lt
,
a
n
d
S
.
M
e
m
b
e
r,
“
V
e
ry
-
Hi
g
h
-
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Re
so
n
a
n
t
Bo
o
st
C
o
n
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
6
5
4
–
1
6
6
5
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
8
]
N.
M
o
h
a
n
,
T
.
M
.
Un
d
e
lan
d
,
a
n
d
W
.
P
.
Ro
b
b
i
n
s,
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
s
Co
n
v
e
rte
rs
,
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s,
a
n
d
De
sig
n
,
3
rd
e
d
.
,
v
o
l.
4
.
Jo
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s,
In
c
.
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
9
]
C.
Bu
c
c
e
ll
a
,
C.
Ce
c
a
ti
,
a
n
d
H.
L
a
ta
fa
t,
“
Dig
it
a
l
Co
n
tro
l
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
Co
n
v
e
rters
—
A
S
u
rv
e
y
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
INFORM
AT
ICS
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
3
7
–
4
4
7
,
2
0
1
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.