Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
4
,
Decem
be
r
2020
, p
p.
1918
~
1925
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
1
1
.i
4
.
pp
1918
-
1925
1918
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Eva
l
uati
on
of
DC
-
DC
convert
er
us
ing
re
newable
en
ergy
s
ou
rces
Rajapa
ndia
n
B
.,
G
.T. Sund
arraj
an
Depa
rtment
of
E
le
c
tri
c
al
and
Ele
ct
roni
cs
Engi
n
eering,
Sa
thya
b
ama
Insti
tut
e
of
Sc
i
enc
e
and
T
ec
hno
logy,
Ind
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
hist
or
y:
Re
cei
ved
Dec
19, 201
9
Re
vised Feb
4,
2020
Accepte
d
J
ul
29, 2
020
Thi
s
work
ana
l
yses
and
eva
lu
at
es
the
per
for
ma
nc
e
of
ren
e
wable
ene
rgy
source
s
-
base
d
c
onver
te
rs
using
Inte
lligen
t
t
ec
hn
ique
s.
The
ob
jecti
v
e
of
th
e
rese
arc
h
is
to
m
ai
nt
ai
n
th
e
r
elia
bil
it
y
of
the
con
ver
te
rs
such
th
at
it
d
ec
r
ea
ses
the
sw
it
ch
ing
lo
ss
es,
high
duty
cyc
l
e
and
re
cycle
s
the
leaka
g
e
ene
rgy.
To
ac
co
mpl
ish
the
high
output
v
olt
ag
e
g
ai
n
co
nver
te
rs
ar
e
d
e
signed
with
diffe
ren
t
in
te
l
li
g
ent
m
et
hods.
Due
to
hea
vy
de
m
ands,
th
e
cost
of
foss
il
fue
l
has
gone
up.
so
t
he
nee
d
for
th
e
t
im
e
is
ide
nt
ifyi
n
g
and
dev
el
opin
g
ren
ewa
bl
e
ene
rgy
source
s
a
long
with
dev
el
o
ping
new
techno
logi
es
for
en
erg
y
saving
in
ren
ewa
bl
e
ene
rg
y
sys
te
m
to
f
ight
the
issues
pl
agu
ing
th
e
envi
ron
me
nt
.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
Adv
naced sem
ic
ondu
ct
or
dev
ic
es
Harmo
nics
Re
new
a
ble E
ne
rgy
SEPI
C C
onve
r
te
r
Sw
it
chin
g
el
e
men
Total
H
a
rm
onic
D
ist
ort
ion
Win
d
E
nerg
y
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ra
ja
pandian
B
,
Dep
a
rtme
nt of
Ele
ct
rical
an
d
Ele
ct
ro
nics
E
nginee
rin
g,
Sathy
a
bama
I
nst
it
ute o
f Sci
en
ce an
d
Tec
hnol
ogy
,
Chenna
i
,
Ta
m
il
n
adu,
India
Emai
l:
rajeee
.pand
ia
n46@g
m
ai
l.com
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Ow
i
ng
to
featur
es
su
c
h
as
zero
ca
r
bon
f
oo
t
pr
i
nt,
en
or
mous
e
nerg
y
gen
e
rati
on
po
t
entia
l,
bein
g
ren
e
wa
ble
an
d
su
sta
ina
ble
in
natu
re,
wind
e
nerg
y
a
ugurs
well
to
be
t
he
mo
st
promisi
ng
s
ource
of
s
ust
ai
nab
le
energ
y
with
i
mmense
f
uturist
ic
scop
e.
Th
e
gr
eat
e
xtent
of
te
c
hnologic
al
enh
a
nceme
nt
has
seen
mu
l
ti
M
ega
Watt
of
e
nergy
bei
ng
pro
duce
d
i
n
a
sin
gle
w
ind
tu
rb
i
ne
sys
te
m
f
r
om
a
me
re
few
te
ns
of
kilow
at
ts
of
po
wer
bein
g
pro
du
ce
d
i
n
1980’s
.
F
act
or
s
su
c
h
as
ai
r
de
ns
it
y
a
nd
wind
velocit
y
plays
a
vital
r
ole
in
ha
r
ne
ssing
energ
y
f
r
om
w
ind
a
nd
N
um
e
rous
i
ntell
igen
t
te
chn
i
qu
es
ba
sed
wind
e
ne
rgy
s
ys
te
m
ha
ve
bee
n
pr
ese
nted
i
n
li
te
ratur
e[
1].Owin
g
to
the
w
ind
sp
ee
d’s
st
och
a
sti
c
natu
r
e
,the
deter
minist
ic
reli
abili
ty
pr
e
dicti
on
methods
wh
ic
h
a
re
co
nventio
nally
use
d
i
n
I
ndus
tria
l
ap
plica
ti
on
is
not
a
viable
opti
on
for
wind
tu
rb
i
ne
a
ppli
cat
ion
s.
These
al
gorit
hms
des
pite
being
rob
us
t
a
nd
intel
li
gen
t
as
a
ssu
me
d
by
a
uth
ors
in
[
3]
a
re
use
d
i
n
a
ppli
cat
ions
that
al
lo
ws
on
ly
a
mini
mum
va
riat
ion
in
wind
sp
ee
d
an
d
al
s
o
re
qu
i
re
s
a
co
ns
ta
nt
ai
r
de
ns
it
y
a
ssumpti
on
wh
ic
h
the
au
t
hors
in [
2]
ha
ve a
ssu
me
d.
The
model
ha
s
var
i
ous
in
her
e
nt
ad
va
ntages
su
c
h
as
reduce
d
sim
ulati
on
ti
me,
el
imi
nates
the
ne
gativ
e
aspects
ass
ocia
te
d
with
pulse
width
mod
ulati
on
s
witc
hing
and
al
s
o
r
ed
uc
es
the
the
rmal
stress
by
em
pl
oy
i
ng
the
co
ntr
oller
tun
in
g
meth
odology.
T
he
pa
per
presents
a
n
ov
e
rall
pe
rs
pecti
ve
of
t
he
SEP
IC
base
d
wind
energ
y
c
onvers
ion
sy
ste
m
an
d give
s a
n
insi
ght i
nto t
he f
ra
me wo
rk of e
va
luati
on
of the
conve
rters.
Dis
trib
u
te
d
wind
g
ener
at
ion
units
li
k
e
DF
I
G
mak
es
u
se
of
the
pos
it
iv
es
in
the
conve
r
te
r
s
and
the
v
ario
u
s
mo
d
es
o
f
co
n
trol
b
ei
n
g
mad
e
u
se
o
f
at
th
e
p
o
int
o
f
com
mo
n
coup
li
n
g
fo
r
sup
por
ti
n
g
the
g
r
id
with
add
it
ion
al
r
eactive
power
.
T
h
e
DG
inte
r
con
n
ec
ti
o
n
wit
h
the
d
ist
r
ibu
ti
o
n
n
et
wo
r
k
mak
es
u
se
of
I
EE
E
1
547
st
and
ard
s
and
ba
sed
o
n
them,
DGs
n
e
ed
to
h
ave
a
con
stan
t
PF
c
lose
to
u
n
it
y
at
P
C
C
and
to
ac
h
iev
e
it
mu
ltipl
e
sw
itched
ca
p
a
citor
b
an
k
s
uppo
r
t
is
r
e
q
u
ired
.
[4
].
D
espite
a
c
ti
v
e
v
o
lt
age
r
egu
latio
n
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
&
D
ri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Evalu
atio
n of
DC
-
DC Co
nve
rte
r u
si
ng ren
e
wab
le
e
ner
gy
s
ou
r
ces
(
Raj
apandi
an B.
)
1919
p
ro
h
ibit
ed
by
these
sta
n
d
ard
s
to
a
ce
r
tain
exte
n
t,
volta
g
e
r
egu
la
ti
o
n
ca
n
b
e
p
er
fo
r
med
if
there
is
a
con
sens
u
s
amo
ngs
t
DG
o
w
n
ers
and
the
u
tilit
y
p
r
ovid
er
s
[
5]
.
T
h
e
size
o
f
the
DG
w
ill
d
e
c
ide
wh
e
th
er
to
o
p
erat
e
it
in
p
o
wer
f
ac
tor
con
tr
o
l
mo
d
e,
v
o
lt
age
con
tro
l
mo
d
e
o
r
v
o
lt
age
r
egu
latio
n
mo
d
e
[
6]
.
Of
la
te
Po
wer
f
ac
tor
con
tro
l
mo
d
e
is
u
sed
f
or
co
n
tro
ll
ing
the
small
er
u
n
it
s
wh
il
e
v
o
ltage
c
o
n
tr
o
l
mo
d
e
su
it
s
th
e
la
r
g
er
DG
u
ni
ts
p
r
o
v
ided
,t
h
e
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
b
ei
n
g
main
ta
ined
a
t
u
n
ity
PC
C
in
ter
ms
o
f
r
edu
ci
ng
the
THD
v
al
u
e
[7]
in
the
p
owe
r
f
ac
tor
con
tr
o
l
mo
d
e
b
y
mo
d
el
ing
it
as
a
PQ
bus
wit
h
ne
g
ative
cur
r
ent
inje
ctio
n
s
[
8]
.
2.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
Figure 1
s
how
s
the b
loc
k
dia
gram of w
i
nd
e
ne
rgy
s
ys
te
m u
s
ed.
Gen
e
rato
r
is very d
i
ff
ic
ult t
o
connect
with
gr
i
d
dire
ct
ly,
Conv
erte
r
is
an
inter
fa
ce
bet
ween
th
at
two
sect
io
ns
[
9].
DFIG
be
ing
a
var
ia
ble
sp
ee
d
gen
e
rato
r
po
s
s
ess
a
disti
nct
adv
a
ntage
ove
r
the
fixe
d
s
pe
ed
gen
e
rato
rs
with
r
ega
rds
to
it
s
var
ia
ble
sp
ee
d
capab
il
it
y.
Re
du
c
e
d
powe
r
conve
rsion
pa
ves
t
he
way
f
or
re
du
ce
d
los
ses,
im
pro
ved
eff
ic
ie
ncy,
e
nhance
d
powe
r
fact
or
a
nd
in
t
urn
pro
vid
es
reacti
ve
powe
r
to
the
gr
i
d
[
10]
.
T
he
necessit
y
of
a
gea
rbo
x
in
or
der
to
increase
s
pee
d
coupled
with
the
wind
tu
rb
i
ne
–
ge
ner
at
or
com
bin
at
io
n
is
the
basic
dr
a
w
bac
k
in
t
he
case
of
DF
I
G
w
hile
t
he
P
M
S
G
in
or
de
r
t
o
ac
hiev
e
di
rect
dri
ve
c
on
t
ro
l
is
machi
ne
d
with
s
uffici
ent
numbe
r
of
pole
s
i
n
accor
da
nce
with the
re
quirem
ent [
11].
Figure
1
.
Bl
oc
k
diag
ram
of
w
ind
e
ne
rgy
s
ys
t
em
3.
PROP
OSE
D
SY
STE
M
In
the
pro
po
se
d
sy
ste
m
c
onve
rter
pe
rforma
nce
has
been
e
nh
a
nce
d
by
me
ans
of
re
du
ci
ng
t
heir
po
wer
consu
mp
ti
on,
r
edu
ce
d
s
witc
hin
g
a
nd
powe
r
losses
[
12].
H
ere
t
he
Total
Harmo
nic
Dist
or
ti
on
(T
H
D)
values
wer
e
re
du
ce
d
t
o
the
prescri
be
d
li
mit
in
te
rm
s
of
i
ns
e
rtin
g
the
LC
filt
er
al
ong
with
t
he
r
equ
i
red
outp
ut.
Bot
h
the
val
ues
of
di
rect
AC
a
nd
c
onve
rted
AC
ha
ve
been
co
mpa
red
an
d
th
ei
r
THD
val
ues
a
r
e
cal
culat
ed
[13].
In
order
t
o
ac
hiev
e
lowe
r
volt
ag
e
le
vel
with
r
e
gards
to
t
he
D
C
-
DC
c
onver
t
er
the
s
ynch
ronous
c
o
nv
e
rter
sta
nd
s
ou
t
as
a
perfec
t
op
ti
on
due
to
the
lo
wer
co
nductio
n
l
os
s
i
n
the
diode
[
14
].
T
he
s
oft
swi
tc
hin
g
te
ch
nique
is
employe
d
in
the
high
side
M
O
SFET
s
o
that
th
e
s
witc
hi
ng
losse
s
a
re
el
imi
nated
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
to
that
the
resona
nt
sec
ondary
ci
r
cuit
is
d
esi
gne
d
to
av
oid
t
he
s
witc
hi
ng
losse
s
[
15]
.
This
meth
od
as
sug
gested
a
bove
accom
plishes
an
ef
fici
ent
c
onve
rtio
n
by
e
mp
lo
ying
a
n
a
dv
a
nce
d
desi
gn
te
c
hniq
ue
a
nd
i
n
t
his
re
ga
rd
the
conve
rter
performa
nce
has be
en
a
nalyze
d [16].
4.
MO
DES
OF
OPER
ATIO
N
4.1.
Mode
I
:
DC
-
A
C
co
nv
er
ter
d
inpu
t
A
powe
r
co
nv
erter
ge
ner
al
ly
em
ploye
d
for
co
nversi
on
of
el
ect
rical
e
nergy
s
bein
g
an
e
le
ct
rical
or
el
ect
ro
mec
ha
nical
dev
ic
e
c
ould
be
c
onstr
uc
te
d
as
a
sim
pl
e
tra
ns
f
ormer
t
o
c
on
ver
t
the
vo
lt
age
of
AC
powe
r
or
it
ca
n
al
s
o
be
made
i
nto
a
co
mp
le
x
sys
te
m
[
17].
T
his
is
t
he
te
c
hn
ic
al
te
rm
w
hich
re
fer
s
to
a
cl
ass
of
el
ect
rical
machine
w
hich
is
us
e
d
i
n
acc
ompli
sh
i
ng
the
co
nv
e
rsi
on
f
r
om
one
fr
e
qu
ency
c
ompone
nt
of
al
te
rn
at
ing
c
urren
t
i
n
t
o
a
no
t
her
f
reque
ncy
com
pone
nt
[
18
]
.
DC
s
uppl
y
i
s
co
nverte
d
in
to
AC
by
me
ans
of
recti
ficat
ion
a
nd
t
hen
it
is
fed
to
the
c
onver
te
r
[
19].Owi
ng
t
o
the
volt
age
ste
p
-
up/st
ep
-
dow
n
capa
bili
ty
a
SEPI
C
C
onve
r
te
r
is
us
e
d
for
the
wi
nd
ene
r
gy
syst
em
as
well
as
it
s
un
-
inv
e
rted
outp
ut
(as
disti
ng
uish
ed
by
conve
ntion
al
buck
-
boos
t
c
onve
rter
)[2
0].Out
pu
t
V
oltage
ha
s
bee
n
obta
ined
an
d
it
s
T
HD
val
ue
al
s
o
been
determi
ned.Fig
ur
e
2 dis
plays
the sim
ulate
d D
C
-
AC C
onve
rted
in
put [
21].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
1918
–
1925
1920
Figure
2. Sim
ul
at
ion
d
ia
gr
a
m
of D
C
-
AC c
on
ver
te
d
I
nput
4.2.
Mode
II
:
Dire
ct
ac
inp
ut
Ele
ct
rical
dr
iv
es
for
direct
dri
ve
ren
e
wa
ble
energ
y
sy
ste
m
s,
but
the
m
os
t
importa
nt
pr
oc
ess
of
hig
h
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
s
witc
hing
resu
lt
s
i
n
neg
at
ive
ef
f
ect
s
[22
].
Here
a
recti
fier
is
of
te
n
i
nclu
de
d
to
co
nvert
t
he
AC
powe
r
in
the
m
ai
ns
,
galva
nic
i
so
la
ti
on
bet
we
en
th
e
in
put
an
d
ou
t
pu
t
m
odul
es
of
c
onve
rte
r
[
23]
.
AC
volt
age
is
directl
y
fe
d
t
o
the
c
on
ve
rte
r
s
ect
ion
[
24
].
He
re
al
s
o
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
has
be
en
obta
ined
with
thei
r
releva
nt
TH
D
values
.
Fig
ur
e
3
s
hows
t
he
simulat
ion
diagram
of
direct
AC
in
put
[25
]
.
I
n
this
m
ode,
s
uppl
y
from
wi
nd
energ
y
is
direc
tl
y
fe
d
to
the c
onve
rter to re
duce the
losse
s
wh
e
n use
d
t
o
a
pp
l
y
the
d
i
rect
ac input
[26].
Figure
3. Sim
ua
lt
ion
d
ia
gr
a
m
of D
irect
AC
I
nput
5.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND D
I
SCUS
S
ION
S
Figure
5
s
how
s
the
I
nput
volt
age
wa
veform
of
gi
ving
i
nv
e
rted
DC
s
upply.
Ri
pple
con
te
nts
are
el
imi
nated
inte
rms o
f prov
i
din
g fil
te
r
a
nd th
e co
nv
e
rted
AC
is aplli
ed
t
o
t
he
s
witc
hing ci
rcu
it
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
&
D
ri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Evalu
atio
n of
DC
-
DC Co
nve
rte
r u
si
ng ren
e
wab
le
e
ner
gy
s
ou
r
ces
(
Raj
apandi
an B.
)
1921
Figure
6
s
how
s
the
ou
t
piu
t
vo
lt
age
wa
veform
of
t
he
sa
me
case
wh
ic
h
is
to
be
i
n
th
e
form
of
sinu
s
oid
al
sig
na
l,t
he
harmo
ni
cs
c
on
te
nts
a
re
el
imi
nated
by
mea
ns
of
pr
ovidin
g
filt
er
in
the
ou
t
pu
t
sid
e,the
THD
value
s
ar
e
con
si
der
a
bly
reduce
d
in
the
app
li
cat
io
n
of
filt
er
wh
ic
h
is
mentio
ned
i
n
the
ta
ble.
1.
B
y
mean
s
of
e
val
uating
t
he
c
onve
rter
pe
rformance
the
TH
D
value
ca
n
be
c
on
cl
ud
e
d
in
to
th
e
pe
r
missi
ble
li
mit
as
well
as sw
it
chi
ng lo
sses and
heati
ng e
ff
ect
ca
n
al
s
o be
reduce
d
in
this
performa
nc
e co
nf
i
gurati
on.
Figure
5. DC
-
AC c
onver
te
d
i
nput
vo
lt
ag
e
Figure
6. outp
ut
v
oltage
wa
ve
form
Table
1
Sho
ws
the
t
hd
values
of
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
of
c
onve
rs
ion
of
DC
to
ac
in
pu
t
f
or
va
ri
ou
s
range
of
fr
e
qu
e
ncies.
T
HD
val
ue
ca
n be
reduce
d
in
the
permi
ssible
li
mit
.
Table
1.
T
H
D
values
f
or
dif
fe
ren
t
fr
e
quencie
s
Frequ
en
cy
(
Hz)
Co
m
p
o
n
en
t
THD
(%)
An
g
le(deg
ree)
0
(DC)
0
.10
2
7
0
.0
10
0
.11
-
3
1
.9
20
0
.14
-
6
6
.0
30
0
.20
-
8
0
.8
40
0
.26
2
4
9
.2
50
(Fun
)
1
0
0
.00
4
9
.6
60
0
.38
1
1
4
.8
70
0
.13
7
9
.3
80
0
.06
6
9
.0
90
0
.00
9
7
.7
100
(h2
)
0
.05
1
1
4
.9
110
0
.04
1
0
6
.2
120
0
.03
9
9
.3
130
0
.03
1
0
7
.6
140
0
.02
6
3
.8
150
(h3
)
0
.06
6
8
.6
160
0
.02
6
8
.9
170
0
.01
6
6
.0
180
0
.01
1
2
0
.7
190
0
.01
-
8
6
.8
200
(h4
)
0
.00
7
4
.8
210
0
.01
8
5
.5
220
0
.01
8
4
.3
230
0
.01
-
3
0
.6
240
0
.01
2
9
.3
250
(h5
)
0
.33
3
7
.0
260
0
.00
6
2
.7
270
0
.00
3
7
.0
280
0
.00
5
2
.7
FF
T A
NALYSI
S
Sam
p
lin
g
T
i
m
e: 5e
-
06S
Fu
n
d
am
en
tal:2
5
4
.
9
(18
0
.3rm
s)
DC co
m
p
o
n
en
t:0
.25
5
5
THD:
0
.81
4
Figure
7
s
how
s
the
in
put
vo
lt
age
wa
veform
wh
e
n
ap
ply
i
ng
di
rect
DC
s
up
ply
.
Fi
gure
8
a
nd
Fi
gure
9
sh
ows
the
in
put
cuure
nt
an
d
outp
ut
volt
age
wav
e
f
or
m
of
a
pp
l
ying
direct
DC
s
uppy,
he
re
LC
filt
er
is
us
e
d
to
reduce
the
harmo
nics
i
n
the
ou
t
pu
t
side
.Du
e
to
the
filt
er
con
ce
ntrati
on
THD
value
s
a
re
re
du
ce
d
in
to
t
he
le
vel.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
1918
–
1925
1922
Figure
7.
I
nput
volt
age
of
di
re
ct
AC
Figure
8
.
I
nput
cu
rr
e
nt
of
dire
ct
AC
Figure
9
.
O
utput
volt
age
wa
ve
form
Table
2
s
how
s
the
TH
D
value
s
of
outp
ut
volt
age
of
co
nver
sion
of
direct
AC
in
pu
t
for
va
rio
us
ra
nge
of
f
reque
ncies
.
THD
va
lues a
r
e re
du
ce
d
i
n
th
e ad
visable le
ve
l.
Table.
2
T
HD
Values
F
or
Dif
fer
e
nt
F
reque
nc
ie
s
Frequ
en
cy
-
Hz
Co
m
p
o
n
en
t
THD(
%
)
An
g
le(deg
ree)
0
(DC)
0
.10
2
7
0
.0
10
0
.11
-
3
1
.9
20
0
.14
-
6
4
.0
30
0
.20
-
8
0
.8
40
0
.26
2
4
9
.2
50
(Fun
)
1
0
0
.00
4
9
.6
60
0
.38
1
1
4
.8
70
0
.13
7
9
.3
80
0
.06
6
9
.0
90
0
.00
9
7
.7
100
(h2
)
0
.05
1
1
4
.9
110
0
.04
1
0
6
.2
120
0
.03
9
9
.3
130
0
.03
1
0
7
.6
140
0
.02
6
3
.8
150
(h3
)
0
.06
6
8
.6
160
0
.02
6
8
.9
170
0
.01
6
6
.0
180
0
.01
1
2
0
.7
190
0
.01
-
8
6
.8
200
(h4
)
0
.00
7
4
.8
210
0
.01
8
5
.5
220
0
.01
8
4
.3
230
0
.01
-
3
0
.6
240
0
.01
2
9
.3
250
(h5
)
0
.33
3
7
.0
260
0
.00
6
2
.7
270
0
.00
3
7
.0
280
0
.00
5
2
.7
FF
T A
NALYSI
S
Sam
p
lin
g
T
i
m
e: 5e
-
06S
Sam
p
le per
cycles:
4
0
0
DC co
m
p
o
n
en
t:0
.25
5
5
Fu
n
d
am
en
tal:2
5
4
.
9
(18
0
.3rm
s)
THD:
0
.81
4
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
&
D
ri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Evalu
atio
n of
DC
-
DC Co
nve
rte
r u
si
ng ren
e
wab
le
e
ner
gy
s
ou
r
ces
(
Raj
apandi
an B.
)
1923
Figure
10
a
nd
Fig
ur
e
11
s
ho
ws
th
e
in
put
volt
age
a
nd
in
put
cu
rr
e
nt
waveform
of
direc
t
wind
a
nd
Figure
12
s
ho
ws
the
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
wa
veform
w
he
n
ap
pl
ying
di
rect
sup
ply
from
direct
wind
ene
r
gy.
Table.
3
sh
ows
the
c
ompa
rison
val
ue
of
V
oltage
a
nd
T
H
D
value
of
ab
ove
t
hr
e
e
m
odes
of
op
erati
on.
TH
D
value
is
al
mo
st
sam
e
for
direct
AC
in
put
an
d
Win
d
i
nput
Figure
10
.
i
nput
vo
lt
age
of
dir
ect
wind
Figure
11
.
i
nput
current
of
dir
ect
wind
Figure
12
.
O
utp
ut
V
oltage
W
avefor
m
Table
3.
c
omp
ariso
n value
of
Volt
age a
nd T
HD
Categ
o
ry
Ou
tp
u
t vo
ltag
e(vo
l
ts)
THD
(%)
DC
-
AC
co
n
v
erted
in
p
u
t
230
0
.81
4
Direct
AC
in
p
u
t
fr
o
m
wind
200
2
.74
6.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
Converte
r
has
the
a
bili
ty
t
o
work
form
a
n
su
ppl
y
volt
age
w
hic
h
is
gr
eat
er
or
le
ss
t
han
the
regulat
ed
ou
t
pu
t
v
oltag
e
.
Co
nverter
des
ign
w
hic
h
i
nclud
e
s
minimal
act
ive
el
eme
nts,
a
sim
ple
c
ontr
oller
a
nd
re
le
van
t
wav
e
f
or
m
s wh
ic
h
pro
vid
e
lo
w
noise
o
pe
rati
on. H
ar
m
on
ic
s
in
the
po
wer
s
ys
te
ms
res
ult
i
n
i
ncr
ease
d
he
at
ing
i
n
the
eq
uip
m
ent
and
c
onduct
ors,
th
us
resu
lt
i
ng
i
n
misfi
rin
g
of
va
riable
s
peed
dri
ves
a
nd
to
rque
var
ia
t
ion
s
i
n
mo
to
rs.
Total
harmo
nics
dist
or
ti
on
is
a
co
m
plex
a
nd
of
te
n
conf
us
in
g
co
nc
ept
to
un
der
sta
nd.
From
t
he
a
bove
analysis
it
can
be
co
nclu
de
d
that
the
co
nvert
er
pe
rformance
has
bee
n
en
ha
nced
as
well
as
the
total
harmo
nic
distor
ti
on
has
been
re
du
ce
d
t
o
a
c
onsidera
bl
e
le
vel.
By
me
ans
of
re
du
ci
ng
the
TH
D
value,
t
he
entire
work
i
ng
of
c
onver
te
r
w
it
h
the
wi
nd
e
ne
rgy
in
pu
t
has
been
im
pro
ved
to
a
c
onside
ra
ble
le
vel
a
nd
t
his
pa
per
al
so
pro
ves
that
the
lo
wer
range
of
T
H
D
in
P
ower
syst
ems
pav
e
s
t
he
way
f
or
high
powe
r
facto
r,
lo
w
pea
k
c
urre
nts
an
d
higher
ef
fici
en
cy.
Sim
ulati
on
resu
lt
s
pro
ve
t
hat
the
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
is
c
ontrolle
d
as
pe
r
th
e
re
qu
i
reme
nts
an
d
it
changes
by c
ontr
olli
ng
t
he d
uty
c
ycle.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
A.
Gopi,
R.
Sara
vana
kum
ar
,
“
Hi
gh
step
-
up
isola
t
ed
eff
ic
i
ent singl
e
sw
it
ch
DC
-
DC c
onver
te
r
for
r
e
newa
ble e
n
erg
y
source
,
”
A
in
sha
ms
engi
nee
ring
j
ournal
,
Vol.
5,
No.
4,
pp.
1115
-
1127
,
June
2014
[2]
Jos
ephi
ne
R
at
hi
nadur
ai
Lou
is,
Suja
Shan
mug
ham
,
Jovith
a
Jerome
,
“
En
compass
ing
nin
e
s
witc
h
conve
r
te
r
appr
oac
h
in
wi
nd
-
hydro
hybrid
power
sys
te
m
fee
ding
thr
ee
p
hase
three
wi
re
dyna
mi
c
loa
ds,
”
In
te
rnationa
l
Journal
of
E
l
ect
rical
Powe
r &
E
nergy
Syst
ems
,
Vol.
79
,
pp
.
66
-
74
,
2016
.
[3]
E.
Dur
án, J.
M. A
ndúja
r,
F
.
Seg
ura
,
A
.
J.
B
arr
ag
á
n
,
“
A
high
-
fl
exibili
ty
DC l
o
ad
fo
r
fue
l
c
el
l
and
solar arra
ys powe
r
source
s ba
sed
on
DC
-
DC c
onver
t
ers,
”
Applied en
ergy
,
vo
l. 88, no 5,
pp
.
1690
-
170
2
,
2010
.
[4]
R.
Hema
pr
it
hin
i
and
G.T.Sundarr
aj
n,
“
Thr
ee
l
evel
Inte
gr
at
ed
AC
to
DC
Converter
fed
DC
drive
with
ca
sc
ade
d
fil
ter
,”
Int
ernational
Journal
of
Appl
ie
d
Eng
inee
ring R
ese
arch
,
V
ol
10,
N
o.
6,
pp
.
5
140
-
5146,
2015
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
1
1
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
1918
–
1925
1924
[5]
G.T
.
Sundar
Ra
j
an,
“
Pow
er
Qual
it
y
I
mpr
ove
me
nt
at
Inpu
t
and
O
utput
st
age
s
of
t
hre
e
pahse
diod
e
r
ec
t
ifier
using
Artifi
c
ia
l
intelli
gent
t
ec
hn
ique
s
for
DC
and
AC
drive
Apll
ic
a
ti
ons
,
”
IE
EE
Inte
rnationa
l
conf
ere
n
ce
on
Computati
onal I
nte
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i
mprove
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thr
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ifi
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using
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iona
l
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ct
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ie
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Inte
rnat
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renc
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HD
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Single
Phase
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Convert
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t
roll
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I
EE
E
Int
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o
nal
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e
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ert
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”
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17
Int
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onal
Conf
ere
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on
Computati
on
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l
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li
nd
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de
af
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du
mp
peopl
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rd
I
EEE
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Confe
renc
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Smar
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rnat
io
nal
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ne
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N
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“
A
rese
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t
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ker
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el
e
ct
ro
-
m
agnet
p
ulse
(EMP),
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t
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onal
Jour
n
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ce
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n
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t
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l
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che
d
Capaci
tor
DC
–
DC Conve
rte
rs
,
”
IEEE
Open
Journal
of
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e
ct
ronics
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ca
r
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g
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We
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Shen
Yeh, Jih
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Sheng
Lai,
“
Dra
i
n
-
Source
Synchr
onous Re
ctifie
r
Os
ci
ll
ation
Miti
gation
in
L
i
ght
-
Loa
d
Condit
ions,
”
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EEE
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n
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nd
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W.
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,
“
Pow
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Conv
ert
ers
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ogi
c
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nsform
at
io
n
Us
ing
Dual
an
d
Isomorphic Pri
nci
pl
es,
”
IEE
E
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r
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Peyghami,
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ensky
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la
abjerg,
“
An
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ew
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the Re
l
ia
bi
li
ty
of
M
oder
n
Pow
er El
e
ct
roni
c
Based
Pow
er
Sys
te
ms,
”
I
E
EE Open Jo
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of Powe
r
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ct
ronics
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M.
G. Ta
ul
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ng,
P.
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ava
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and
F
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aa
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“
Curr
ent L
i
miting
Contr
ol
wi
t
h
Enha
n
ce
d
Dynamics of
Grid
-
Forming
Conver
te
rs During
F
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Condit
ions,
”
IE
EE
Journal
of
E
merging
and
S
elec
t
ed
Topi
cs
in Powe
r
El
e
ct
ronics
,
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“
Future
on
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wer
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troni
cs
f
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wind
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ine sys
te
ms
,”
IE
EE
J
ournal
of emergi
ng
and
sele
c
te
d
topics i
n
power
e
lectron
ic
s
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3
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T.
M
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Jahns
and H.
Dai
,
“
The pa
s
t,
pr
ese
nt
,
and
fu
ture
of
power
ele
ct
roni
cs
integra
tion technol
ogy
in
mot
or
drive
s,
”
CPSS
Tr
ansacti
ons on
P
ower
Elec
troni
cs
and
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li
ca
ti
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,
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A.
Anderson, D
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s
and
J
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W.
Kol
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“
Ana
l
ysis of
a
synerge
ti
c
al
ly
cont
ro
lled
two
-
stage
thre
e
-
ph
ase
DC/
AC buc
k
-
boost
c
onver
te
r
,
”
in
CP
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Tr
ansacti
ons
on
Powe
r
Elec
tr
onic
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ati
ons
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P.
Jia and
Y
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Yu
an,
“
Analysis
an
d
design
of
an
is
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t
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high
step
-
up
conve
r
te
r
bas
ed
on
the sec
ond
ary
side
quasi
-
resona
nt loops,
”
in
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Powe
r
Elec
troni
cs
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l. 1
3,
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E.
R
ahmania
n
,
H.
Akbari
and
G.
H.
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“
Ma
xim
um
Pow
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Point Tra
ck
ing in G
rid
Connecte
d
Wi
nd
Pl
ant
by
Us
ing
Inte
l
li
gen
t
Control
l
er and S
witc
hed
R
el
uc
t
anc
e
Gene
r
at
or
,
”
in
I
EEE
Tr
ansacti
ons on
Sustai
nable
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nd
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trol
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-
Phase
Wi
nd
Ene
rgy
Conv
ersi
on
Sys
te
m
Us
in
g
Two
W
indi
ng
Self
-
Excite
d
Ind
uct
ion
Gene
r
at
or
,
”
in
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
ons on
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matic
s
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te
d
Schem
e
Based
Approac
h
for
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Turb
ine
Inte
lligen
t
Contr
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”
in
IEEE
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ansacti
ons on
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tai
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R.
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Nass
if,
“
Contri
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ion to
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n
ener
gy
pr
oduct
ion
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a
nove
l
wav
e en
erg
y
conv
erter:
Rene
wabl
e ene
r
gy,
”
In
te
rnat
ion
al
Conf
ere
nce o
n
Re
n
ewabl
e
En
ergie
s for
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ene
rgy
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ximiz
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l
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n
erg
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”
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ernati
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Confe
ren
ce on Re
newab
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Ene
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Re
searc
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
&
D
ri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Evalu
atio
n of
DC
-
DC Co
nve
rte
r u
si
ng ren
e
wab
le
e
ner
gy
s
ou
r
ces
(
Raj
apandi
an B.
)
1925
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
B.
Rajapandian
,
born
in
Pudukko
tt
ai
Distr
ic
t
,
T
a
mi
lna
du
St
at
e
,
I
ndia
in1982
,
rece
ive
d
B.
E
d
egr
e
e
in
Elec
tri
c
al
and
Elec
tron
ic
s
fro
m
the
Madura
i
Kama
ra
j
Unive
r
sity
and
the
M.E
degr
e
e
in
Pow
er
El
e
ct
roni
cs
and
Industria
l
Driv
es
in
Sathya
b
a
ma
Univer
si
ty,
Chenna
i
,
Indi
a
in
20
03,
2007
respe
ctivel
y
an
d
th
e
R
ese
ar
ch
Scho
la
r
o
f
Sathy
aba
m
a
Instit
u
te
Of
Sci
enc
e
an
d
Te
chno
logy,
Che
nnai
,
Ta
m
il
nadu
.
He
h
as
publ
ished
technical
pa
per
s
in
In
te
rn
ational,
Nati
on
al
Journal
and
Con
fer
ences
.
Presen
t
ly
he
is
working
as
a
As
sociate
Profess
or
in
the
Depa
rtment
of
EIE
at
Sri
Sai
r
am
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
Coll
ege,Che
nn
ai
.
He
h
as
th
e
t
ota
l
t
eachi
ng
ex
per
ie
n
ce
of
14
yea
rs.
His
ar
ea
s
of
int
er
est
ar
e
Pow
er
El
e
ct
ro
nic
s,
Pow
er
Qu
al
it
y
,
Non
-
conv
ent
ion
al
en
erg
y
source
s,
AC
and
DC dri
ves
.
G.
T
.
SU
ND
AR RAJ
AN
has
B.
E
in ma
dr
as
univers
it
y
and
M.E
in
Sathya
ba
m
univ
ersit
y.
He
h
as
18
yea
rs
of expe
rie
nc
e
in
t
eachi
n
g
and
on
e
y
ea
r
i
n
industry. His
ma
in
rese
arc
h
ar
ea
in
power
el
e
ct
roni
cs
ar
e mode
lling of
DC a
nd
ac dri
v
es.
H
e
has
pub
li
shed
t
ec
hni
ca
l
pap
ers
i
n
interna
t
iona
l
and
na
ti
ona
l jour
nal
s a
nd
conf
erence
s.
Pr
ese
ntl
y
h
e
is worki
ng
as
a
n
As
socia
te Prof
essor i
n
th
e
Depa
rtment
o
f
E
EE
at Sat
hyab
a
ma
Inst
it
ut
e
of
Scie
n
ce a
nd
Tech
nology,
Ch
enna
i
.
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