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[
1
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2
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[
4
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-
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Fig
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2
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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8
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Vo
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201
7
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705
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Fig
u
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1
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p
ec
tiv
el
y
,
an
d
φ
i
is
t
h
e
a
n
g
l
e
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
at
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
E
q
u
atio
n
1
g
i
v
es
t
h
e
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
s
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
v
al
u
e
s
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies.
T
h
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
c
y
o
f
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
g
i
v
es
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
th
at
a
co
n
v
er
ter
w
i
th
o
u
t p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
c
e
ca
n
g
e
n
er
ate
ac
t
iv
e
p
o
w
er
a
t
o
n
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
ab
s
o
r
b
th
i
s
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies.
T
h
e
3
r
d
h
ar
m
o
n
i
c
is
s
elec
ted
to
ex
c
h
an
g
e
t
h
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
i
n
th
e
DP
F
C
,
b
ec
au
s
e
it
i
s
a
ze
r
o
-
s
eq
u
en
ce
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
a
n
d
ca
n
b
e
n
atu
r
ed
l
y
b
lo
ck
ed
b
y
Y
-
Δ
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
in
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
to
c
h
an
g
e
v
o
lta
g
e
le
v
el
.
3.
DP
F
C
CO
NT
RO
L
T
o
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
m
u
ltip
le
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
,
DP
FC
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
t
h
r
ee
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
[
8
]
.
T
h
ey
a
r
e:
ce
n
tr
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
s
h
u
n
t c
o
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
s
er
ies co
n
tr
o
l,
as sh
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e.
3
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l o
f
a
DP
FC
Ser
ies
co
n
tr
o
l:
E
ac
h
s
er
ies
co
n
v
er
ter
h
a
s
its
o
w
n
s
er
ie
s
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
u
s
ed
to
m
a
in
ta
in
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
d
c
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
i
t
s
o
w
n
co
n
v
er
ter
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
3
r
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
,
an
d
to
g
en
er
ate
s
er
ies
v
o
lta
g
e
at
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
t
h
at
i
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
t
h
e
ce
n
tr
al
co
n
t
r
o
l.
Sh
u
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l:
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
h
u
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
is
to
i
n
j
ec
t
a
co
n
s
ta
n
t
3
r
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
cu
r
r
en
t
in
to
th
e
l
i
n
e
to
s
u
p
p
l
y
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
er
ie
s
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
A
t
t
h
e
m
ea
n
ti
m
e,
it
m
ai
n
tai
n
s
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
d
c
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
th
e
s
h
u
n
t
co
n
v
er
ter
b
y
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
r
id
at
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
ta
l
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
a
n
d
in
j
ec
ts
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
cu
r
r
en
t a
t
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
to
t
h
e
g
r
id
.
C
en
tr
al
co
n
tr
o
l:
T
h
e
ce
n
tr
al
co
n
tr
o
l
g
en
er
ates
t
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
a
ls
f
o
r
b
o
th
th
e
s
h
u
n
t
an
d
s
er
ies
co
n
v
er
ter
s
o
f
t
h
e
DP
FC
.
I
t
i
s
f
o
cu
s
o
n
t
h
e
DP
F
C
ap
p
licatio
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
le
v
el,
s
u
c
h
as
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
co
n
tr
o
l,
lo
w
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
p
o
w
er
o
s
cillatio
n
d
a
m
p
in
g
a
n
d
b
alan
cin
g
u
n
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
etc.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t,
t
h
e
ce
n
tr
al
co
n
tr
o
l
g
i
v
e
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
ig
n
als
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
er
ie
s
co
n
v
er
ter
s
,
a
n
d
r
ea
cti
v
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
h
u
n
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
.
A
ll
t
h
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
i
g
n
al
s
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
co
n
tr
o
l a
r
e
at
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
V
o
lta
g
e
S
ta
b
ilit
y
I
mp
r
o
ve
men
t
in
F
o
u
r
teen
B
u
s
S
ystem
Du
r
in
g
…
(
A
kh
ib
K
h
a
n
B
a
h
a
ma
n
i
)
707
4.
ADVA
N
T
A
G
E
S O
F
DP
F
C
T
h
e
DP
FC
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
i
t
h
UP
FC
h
as
s
o
m
e
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
es,
[
9
]
-
[
1
0
]
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
a.
Hig
h
C
o
n
tr
o
l
C
ap
ab
ilit
y
:
T
h
e
DP
FC
s
i
m
ilar
to
UP
FC
ca
n
co
n
tr
o
l
all
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
s
u
c
h
as li
n
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
,
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
g
le,
a
n
d
b
u
s
v
o
lta
g
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e.
b.
Hig
h
R
eliab
ilit
y
:
T
h
e
s
er
ies
co
n
v
er
ter
s
r
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
DP
FC
r
eliab
ilit
y
d
u
r
i
n
g
co
n
v
er
ter
s
o
p
er
atio
n
[
1
1
]
.
I
t m
ea
n
s
,
i
f
o
n
e
o
f
s
er
ie
s
co
n
v
er
ter
s
f
ail
s
,
th
e
o
th
er
s
ca
n
co
n
ti
n
u
e
to
w
o
r
k
.
c.
L
o
w
C
o
s
t
:
T
h
e
s
i
n
g
le
-
p
h
ase
s
er
ies
co
n
v
er
ter
s
r
ati
n
g
ar
e
lo
w
er
th
a
n
o
n
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
co
n
v
er
ter
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
s
er
ie
s
co
n
v
er
ter
s
d
o
n
o
t
n
ee
d
an
y
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
i
s
o
latio
n
i
n
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
l
in
e
c
o
n
n
ec
ti
n
g
;
s
i
n
g
le
-
t
u
r
n
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
h
an
g
t
h
e
s
er
ies
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
e
ab
o
v
e
liter
atu
r
e
d
o
es n
o
t d
ea
l
w
it
h
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
d
u
r
in
g
li
n
e
in
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
.
P
o
w
er
T
r
an
s
f
er
C
ap
ab
ilit
y
&
R
eliab
ilit
y
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
in
a
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
L
i
n
e
u
s
in
g
D
is
tr
ib
u
ted
P
o
w
er
Flo
w
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
is
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
P
.
R
a
m
es
h
,
M.
Da
m
o
d
ar
a
R
ed
d
y
[
1
2
]
.
E
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
o
f
P
o
w
er
Q
u
alit
y
b
y
an
A
p
p
licatio
n
F
AC
T
S De
v
ic
es
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
P
r
ash
a
n
t K
u
m
ar
[
1
3
]
.
5.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
A
ND
DIS
CUSS
I
O
N
Fo
u
r
teen
b
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
u
n
d
er
n
o
r
m
al
co
n
d
itio
n
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
1
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
f
iv
e
g
en
er
ato
r
b
u
s
s
es
an
d
n
in
e
lo
ad
b
u
s
s
e
s
.
E
ac
h
g
en
er
ato
r
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
s
er
ies
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
v
o
lta
g
es
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
r
ea
ctan
ce
.
E
ac
h
lin
e
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
a
s
er
ies
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
o
f
R
an
d
L
.
E
ac
h
lo
ad
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
R
&
L
i
n
p
ar
allel
w
it
h
b
u
s
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
at
b
u
s
f
o
u
r
tee
n
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
2
.
T
h
e
R
MS
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
at
b
u
s
f
o
u
r
tee
n
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
3
an
d
its
v
al
u
e
is
4
5
0
0
V.
T
h
e
r
ea
l
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
s
at
b
u
s
f
o
u
r
teen
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
4
an
d
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
is
0
.
3
4
5
M
W
an
d
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
is
0
.
0
6
5
VA
R
.
Fo
u
r
t
ee
n
b
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
lin
e
t
w
o
o
p
en
a
n
d
DP
FC
i
n
OFF
co
n
d
itio
n
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
1
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
at
b
u
s
f
o
u
r
teen
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
2
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
6
0
0
0
to
4
5
0
0
d
u
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
li
n
e
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
.
R
MS
v
o
ltag
e
a
t
b
u
s
f
o
u
r
tee
n
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
3
an
d
its
v
alu
e
is
3
9
5
0
V.
T
h
e
r
ea
l
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
s
at
b
u
s
f
o
u
r
teen
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
4
an
d
its
v
a
lu
e
o
f
r
ea
l p
o
w
er
is
0
.
2
9
3
MW a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
is
0
.
0
5
3
MV
AR
.
Fo
u
r
teen
b
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
li
n
e
t
w
o
o
p
en
an
d
DP
FC
in
ON
co
n
d
itio
n
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
1
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
at
b
u
s
f
o
u
r
tee
n
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
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[1
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M
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ter
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]
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.
Gy
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Distrib
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n
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IEE
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s C,
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1
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p
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[3
]
De
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:
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d
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sta
t
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se
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a
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d
Ex
p
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siti
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2
0
0
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.
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I
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[4
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n
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v
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n
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1
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d
i
ti
o
n
”
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
(
S
CES
)
stu
d
e
n
t
c
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
IEE
E
2
0
1
4
.
[1
2
]
P.
Ra
m
e
sh
,
M.
Da
m
o
d
a
ra
Re
d
d
y
“
P
o
w
e
r
T
ra
n
s
f
e
r
Ca
p
a
b
il
it
y
&
Re
li
a
b
il
it
y
I
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
a
T
ra
n
sm
issio
n
L
in
e
u
sin
g
Distrib
u
te
d
P
o
w
e
r
F
lo
w
C
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
of
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
V
o
l
2
N
o
4
,
2
0
1
2
p
a
g
e
s 5
5
3
-
5
6
2
.
[1
3
]
P
ra
sh
a
n
t
Ku
m
a
r
“
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
t
y
b
y
a
n
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
F
A
CT
S
De
v
ice
s
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
of
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
I
J
PE
DS
)
Vo
l
6
No
1
,
2
0
1
5
p
a
g
e
s 1
0
-
17
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Ak
h
ib
Kh
a
n
Ba
h
a
m
a
n
i
h
a
s
d
o
n
e
h
is
B.
E
a
n
d
M
.
tec
h
f
ro
m
V
TU,
B
e
lg
a
u
m
,
in
th
e
y
e
a
rs
2
0
0
5
a
n
d
2
0
0
7
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
He
is
p
re
se
n
tl
y
a
re
se
a
rc
h
sc
h
o
lar
a
t
JN
TU,
A
n
a
n
th
a
p
u
ra
m
u
,
A
n
d
h
ra
P
ra
d
e
sh
.
His res
e
a
rc
h
a
re
a
is
o
n
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
i
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
u
sin
g
DPF
C.
Dr.G
.
M
S
re
e
ra
m
a
Re
d
d
y
is
g
ra
d
u
a
ted
B.
E
in
1
9
9
0
f
ro
m
G
o
v
t.
P
.
D.A
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
G
u
lb
a
rg
a
,
G
u
lb
a
rg
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
M
a
ste
rs
f
ro
m
U.V
.
C.
E.
Un
iv
e
rsity
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Ba
n
g
a
lo
re
,
Ba
n
g
a
lo
re
u
n
iv
e
rsity
a
n
d
P
h
.
D
f
ro
m
J.N.T
.
Un
iv
e
r
sity
,
A
n
a
n
th
a
p
u
ra
m
,
A
n
d
h
ra
P
ra
d
e
sh
,
IND
IA
.
He
is
p
re
se
n
tl
y
w
o
rk
in
g
a
s
p
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
a
n
d
He
a
d
f
o
r
th
e
d
e
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
i
n
C.
By
re
g
o
w
d
a
In
stit
u
te
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Ko
lar,
Ka
ra
n
a
tak
a
,
IND
I
A
.
His
a
re
a
s
o
f
in
tere
st
a
re
M
icro
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
/L
o
w
p
o
w
e
r
V
L
S
I/DS
D,
De
sig
n
a
n
d
F
P
G
A
o
f
h
ig
h
sp
e
e
d
lo
w
p
o
w
e
r
d
ig
it
a
l
u
p
c
o
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
p
o
w
e
r
li
n
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s,
F
A
C
T
S
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
i
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
d
istri
b
u
t
io
n
sy
ste
m
s.
Dr.
G
a
n
e
sh
V
u
a
lsa
la
is
g
ra
d
u
a
ted
B.
T
e
c
h
in
1
9
9
8
f
ro
m
JN
TU
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
H
y
d
e
r
a
b
a
d
,
M
a
ste
rs
f
ro
m
S
.
V
.
U
n
iv
e
rsity
,
T
iru
p
a
th
i,
a
n
d
P
h
.
D
f
ro
m
J.N.T
.
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
A
n
a
n
tap
u
r
A
n
d
h
ra
P
ra
d
e
sh
,
IND
IA
.
He
is
p
re
se
n
tl
y
w
o
rk
in
g
a
s
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
f
o
r
th
e
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
J.N.T
.
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
P
u
li
v
e
n
d
u
la,
A
n
d
h
ra
P
ra
d
e
sh
,
IN
DIA
.
His
a
r
e
a
s
o
f
i
n
tere
st
a
re
G
e
n
e
ti
c
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
s,
F
A
C
T
S
a
n
d
i
ts
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
to
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s
a
n
d
it
s
a
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
.
He
is
a
lso
d
o
in
g
re
s
e
a
rc
h
in
sm
a
rt
g
rid
,
d
e
sig
n
o
f
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
rs
f
o
r
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
s etc
.
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