In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
Vo
l
.
1
0
, No
.
2
, Ju
n
e
20
1
9
, p
p
.
1
0
5
9
~
1
063
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
2.pp1059-1063
1059
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
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na
l
s
/
i
n
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e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Improving CC
T-D
and L
O
of
the 6600
K ICP-WLEDs by
K
2
SiF
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:Mn
4+
phosphor
Ph
u
T
r
an
T
in
1
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i
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r
an
3
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Ngu
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han
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N
han
4
,
Tran
T
h
a
nh Tr
an
g
5
1
F
acu
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y o
f
El
ectron
i
cs Tech
nol
o
g
y,
I
ndu
st
rial
Univ
e
rsity
o
f
H
o
C
h
i
M
i
n
h
C
i
ty
,
V
i
e
tn
a
m
2
,
3,
4
Opt
o
el
ectron
i
cs
Research
Gro
up,
F
aculty
o
f E
l
ect
rical an
d
Elect
ro
nic
s
Eng
ine
e
ring
, To
n
D
uc
T
ha
n
g
Un
i
ve
rsi
t
y
,
Ho
Chi
Minh
C
ity,
Viet
nam
5
F
acult
y
of E
ng
ineeri
n
g
and
Tech
nol
og
y,
V
an
H
ien
Un
iv
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i
ty
,
6
6
5
-6
67
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e
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Bi
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u
,
Ho Chi
M
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City,
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na
m
Art
i
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fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
Oct
2
4
,
2
018
Re
vise
d D
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c 15,
201
8
Ac
ce
p
t
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J
an
22
,
2
0
19
In
t
h
i
s
re
se
a
r
c
h
,
we
p
ro
po
se
a
nove
l
re
c
o
mme
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d
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tion
for
imp
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ng
CCT-D
and
l
u
m
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ou
tp
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(
LO
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of
t
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whi
t
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LEDs
(ICP-
WLEDs)
b
y
varyi
n
g
i
t
s
particle
c
on
centrat
io
n.
B
y
u
s
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ng
Light
T
o
ols
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d
Mat
lab
s
o
ft
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b
as
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th
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Th
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w
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f
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es
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rom
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lm
t
o
13
00
lm
.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
D-CC
T
IP
C
-
WLEDs
LO
Re
d
K
2
SiF
6
:Mn
4+
ph
os
pho
r
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
L
e
A
n
h
V
u
,
Opt
o
elec
tro
n
i
c
s
R
e
s
ear
ch Gr
oup,
F
a
cult
y
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
rica
l
and
E
l
e
c
t
r
on
ics En
gi
nee
r
in
g,
T
o
n
D
u
c
T
h
a
n
g
U
n
iv
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
H
o
C
hi
M
i
n
h
Ci
ty
,
V
i
et
n
a
m
Em
ail:
l
e
an
h
v
u
@
t
d
t
u
.
e
d
u
.v
n
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
F
r
om
t
he
f
ir
st
i
nve
n
t
e
d
l
i
g
ht
e
mitti
ng
d
io
de
s
(LED
s)
by
H
.
J
.
R
o
u
n
d
in
1
907,
LED
s
i
s
c
o
n
s
i
de
red
as
the futur
e
lig
h
t
i
n
g gene
ra
ti
o
n
.
A
f
ter
N
i
ck
H
o
l
o
nya
k
i
nve
n
t
e
d
t
h
e
LEDs
in
1
962,
LEDs
was
f
o
cused
m
o
re
a
nd
mor
e
a
tte
n
t
i
o
n
b
y
t
he
r
esea
rche
rs
a
r
oun
d
t
h
e
w
o
r
l
d.
LED
s
w
ith
h
ig
h
bri
g
htne
ss
a
n
d
blu
e
lig
h
t
w
as
p
ro
pos
ed
in
1
9
9
5
,
w
h
i
c
h
ma
de
it
poss
i
ble
to
u
se
L
E
D
s
for
gene
ral
li
ght
i
n
g
i
n
i
ndu
st
ri
a
l
a
n
d
ci
vil
pu
rp
ose.
N
o
w
ad
a
y
s,
LED
s
i
s
c
o
n
s
i
der
e
d
as
t
he
f
our
th
l
i
g
ht
ing
gene
ra
ti
o
n
te
ch
no
log
y
i
n
com
p
e
tit
i
o
n
w
i
th
t
he
t
r
a
di
t
i
o
n
a
l
inca
n
d
e
s
c
e
n
t
a
nd
(c
ompa
c
t
) flu
o
resce
n
t lam
p
s
a
nd ca
n
be
r
e
p
l
a
ce
d w
i
t
h
t
h
e
old o
nes in o
u
r
time
be
ca
u
s
e
the
y
have
e
xce
l
len
t
a
d
v
an
ta
ge
s
s
u
ch
a
s
low
e
l
e
c
tric
c
on
sum
p
ti
on,
h
i
g
h
br
i
g
h
t
ne
ss,
l
on
g
l
i
fe
t
i
m
e
,
sm
all
size
,
rob
u
st
n
e
ss,
f
as
t
sw
i
t
ch
i
ng,
a
n
d
e
n
v
ir
onme
n
t-
frien
d
l
y
c
hara
cter
s
[
1-4]
.
F
r
om
m
a
ny
t
ype
s
o
f
r
esea
rch
in
t
his
f
i
eld
,
w
e
ca
n
se
e
th
at
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
an
d
p
a
c
k
agi
n
g
i
s
t
h
e
l
e
a
di
ng
r
e
sea
r
ch
d
ire
c
t
i
on
o
n
i
m
p
ro
vi
n
g
t
he
o
pt
ica
l
perform
ance
o
f
the
LEDs
[
5
-
7
].
A
uth
o
rs
i
n
[8]
s
t
ate
d
t
ha
t
not
o
n
l
y
m
e
t
h
o
d
p
ac
ka
g
i
n
g
b
ut
a
lso
c
onc
e
n
t
r
ati
on,
si
z
e
,
a
n
d
t
h
i
c
k
n
ess of the p
hosph
or la
y
er
i
s t
h
e m
a
in
e
ffe
c
t
fa
ct
or o
n
t
h
e l
u
m
i
no
us e
fficac
y
a
n
d
c
o
l
o
r q
u
a
li
tie
s
of
t
he
w
h
ite
L
ED
s.
S
uch
as,
[9]
c
o
nsi
d
ere
d
t
he
e
ffec
t
s
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
th
i
c
kne
ss
a
nd
c
onc
en
trat
i
o
n
o
n
LED
s
lumi
n
o
u
s
f
l
ux
and
c
o
rre
l
a
t
e
d
col
o
r
tem
p
er
at
ure
by
t
h
e
ex
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
met
h
o
d
.
I
n
[
1
0
]
,
t
h
e
ef
f
ect
o
f
phosp
h
o
r
loca
t
i
o
n
o
n
the
spa
t
i
a
l
c
o
lor
d
i
strib
u
t
i
on
w
a
s
dem
o
nst
r
a
t
ed.
I
n
t
hi
s
tre
nd,
a
ut
h
o
rs
i
n
[1
1-12]
i
n
v
es
t
i
ga
te
d
t
h
e
effec
t
o
f the
r
e
d-e
m
it
t
i
n
g
p
h
o
sph
o
r o
n
t
he l
igh
t
in
g per
f
orm
a
nc
e
an
d
o
p
tic
al pro
pert
ies of
t
he
w
h
i
te LE
D
s.
F
or
e
x
t
e
nd
ing
t
h
e
re
se
arc
h
i
n
[
1
3
]
,
t
h
i
s
p
ap
e
r
i
nve
sti
g
a
t
ed
t
h
e
i
nf
lu
en
ce
o
f
t
h
e
red
ph
ospho
r
c
o
n
cent
r
a
t
i
o
n
on
t
h
e
col
o
r
corre
late
d te
mpe
r
at
ure
dev
i
a
t
i
o
n (CC
T
-D
)
and lum
e
n
out
pu
t
(
LO)
of the
w
hite LEDs.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
1
0
59
–
1
063
1
060
As
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T
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s
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ct
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c
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e
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e
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cup
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ack
ag
in
g
wh
i
t
e
L
E
D
s
(IC
P
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WLEDs).
The
e
ffe
c
t
o
f
the
re
d-em
itti
ng
K
2
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M
n
4
+
c
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ve
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p
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s
ph
or
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s
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v
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stiga
t
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b
a
s
e
d
on
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The
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La
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Tool
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Th
e
r
e
sea
r
c
h
r
esu
l
ts
s
h
o
w
t
h
a
t
t
he
CCT
de
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
(
C
C
T
-
D
),
l
um
en
o
ut
p
u
t
(
L
O
)
h
a
s
b
ee
n
r
e
m
a
r
k
a
b
ly
a
ffe
c
t
e
d
w
hi
le
t
he
c
o
n
c
entr
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
he
r
e
d
-
e
m
itt
in
g
K2SiF
6
:
M
n
4
+
c
o
n
v
ersi
on
ph
os
p
hor’s
p
ar
ticle
v
a
r
ies.
F
in
a
l
l
y
,
the
re
d-em
itt
in
g
K
2
S
i
F6
:
M
n
4
+
c
o
n
v
ersi
o
n
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
can
b
e
cons
ider
e
d
a
s
a
nov
e
l
r
eco
m
m
e
ndat
i
o
n
f
or
W
LED
s
ma
nuf
ac
tur
i
n
g
.
The
m
a
in
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
ons
o
f
t
h
is
m
anusc
r
i
p
t
can
b
e
sum
m
a
r
i
z
e
d
a
s
t
he
f
o
llo
wi
n
g
s:
a.
T
h
e
ph
ysi
cal
m
o
d
e
l
an
d
mat
h
emat
i
c
a
l
d
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
on
o
f
t
h
e
IC
P-W
L
E
D
s
is
c
onduc
t
e
d
an
d
for
m
u
l
a
t
e
d
b
y
Ma
t
Lab
a
nd
L
i
g
h
t
T
o
o
ls
s
of
t
w
ar
e
ba
sed
on
Mie
Theor
y
.
b.
The
sca
tte
r
i
ng
pr
oc
ess
i
n
t
he
p
h
o
sph
o
r
layer
of
t
he
I
C
P
-
W
LED
s
i
s
in
ves
tiga
t
e
d
.
c.
The
CC
T-
D
and
LO
a
r
e
a
nal
y
ze
d
a
n
d
d
i
sc
us
sed
i
n
c
onne
c
t
i
on
w
i
t
h
var
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
o
nce
n
tr
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
he
r
ed
ph
os
ph
or
p
a
r
t
i
c
les.
2.
RESEARCH METHOD
I
n
t
h
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
w
e
u
s
e
t
h
e
r
e
a
l
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
W
L
E
D
s
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
re
1
(a)
f
o
r
simu
latin
g
the
ph
ys
ica
l
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
I
C
P
-
WLED
s
a
s
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
1
(
b)
.
I
n
t
his
s
i
m
u
l
a
ti
on
m
od
el,
w
e
s
et
t
he
m
ai
n
pa
ram
e
ter
s
of
the
66
0
0
K
C
P
-WLED
s
as;
a.
The
de
pt
h,
t
he
i
n
n
e
r
a
nd
o
u
t
er
r
adius
o
f
t
he
r
ef
l
e
c
t
or
t
o
2.
0
7
mm,
8
mm
and
9.
85
m
m
,
r
espec
t
ive
l
y.
b.
LED
s
chi
p
s
a
r
e
cover
e
d
w
i
t
h
a
f
ixe
d
t
hi
c
k
ne
ss
of
0
.
08
mm
a
nd
2.
07
m
m
.
c.
Ea
ch
b
l
u
e
c
h
i
p
h
a
s
a
d
i
m
e
n
si
on
of
1
.
1
4
mm
by
0.
1
5
m
m
,
the
r
a
dia
n
t
fl
ux
of
1
.
1
6
W,
a
nd
t
h
e
pe
ak
w
a
vele
ng
t
h
o
f
45
3
nm
a
s
sho
w
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
1(
b)
[
11-
1
3
]
.
(a)
(b
)
F
i
gur
e
1.
(
a
)
T
he
W
LED
s
pr
o
d
uc
t
o
f
t
he
S
i
l
i
c
onw
a
r
e
P
r
e
c
isio
n
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
es
C
o.
,
Ltd.
,
T
aiwa
n,
(b
)
IC
P-WLEDs
F
o
r
dem
onstr
at
i
n
g
t
h
e
in
f
l
ue
n
c
e
o
f
t
he
r
e
d
phos
p
hor
’
s
c
o
n
c
e
ntr
a
t
i
o
n
o
n
t
h
e
C
C
T-
D
an
d
LO,
we
c
an
s
im
ula
t
e
the sca
tter
i
n
g
a
nd
re
duc
e
d
s
ca
tter
i
n
g
proce
ss
e
s
i
nside
t
h
e
p
hos
phor
l
ay
e
r
o
f
t
h
e
6
6
00K
I
C
P
-
W
LED
s
ba
se
d
o
n
the
M
i
e-sca
t
t
e
rin
g
[
1
5
-
2
0].
The
be
l
o
w
ex
pre
ssio
n
s
can
c
om
pu
te
t
h
e
s
catter
i
ng
c
o
e
fficient
μ
s
ca(
λ
)
(
m
m
-1
),
an
d
redu
ced
s
catter
i
ng
c
o
e
fficient δsca(λ) (m
m-1
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Im
pr
oving CCT-D
and LO of t
h
e
6600K
ICP-WL
EDs
by K2Si
F
6
:M
n4+
phosphor (
P
hu T
r
an
Tin)
1
061
()
(
)
(
,
)
sc
a
s
c
a
Nr
C
r
d
r
(
1
)
(1
)
sca
s
ca
g
(
2
)
I
n
t
hese
e
q
u
at
ions,
N(
r
)
i
nd
i
c
ates
t
h
e
d
i
s
tri
b
uti
o
n
de
nsi
t
y
o
f
d
i
f
f
u
s
i
o
n
a
l
p
a
r
tic
les
(m
m
3
).
C
sc
a
i
s
t
h
e
scat
ter
i
n
g
c
ros
s
s
e
c
ti
o
n
s
(
m
m
2
),
λ
i
s
t
h
e
li
ght
w
av
el
e
ngt
h
(n
m),
r
i
s
t
h
e
radi
us
o
f
di
ffus
io
na
l
part
ic
les
(µ
m),.
Moreover,
N(
r)
ca
n
be
ca
l
c
ul
ated b
y
:
(
)
()
(
)
.
[
()
()
]
di
f
phos
N
d
i
f
phos
Nr
N
r
N
r
K
f
r
f
r
(
3
)
N(r)
i
s
c
o
mp
o
s
ed
o
f
the
d
i
ffus
ive
pa
r
t
i
c
l
e
num
ber
de
nsit
y
N
dif
(r
)
a
nd
t
he
p
ho
spho
r
p
a
rt
i
c
l
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
den
s
i
t
y
N
pho
s
(r).
I
n
t
h
e
s
e
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
f
dif
(r)
a
n
d
f
ph
os
(r
)
a
re
t
he
s
i
z
e
distri
b
u
t
i
o
n
f
u
n
ct
i
on
da
ta
o
f
t
h
e
d
i
ffus
or
a
n
d
ph
osph
or
p
art
i
c
le.
H
e
r
e
K
N
i
s
the
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
the
u
n
i
t
d
iffu
s
o
r
f
o
r
one
diffuser
conce
n
t
r
at
io
n
a
n
d
ca
n
be
ca
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
d
by
the
fo
l
l
ow
in
g equa
tio
n
:
()
N
cK
M
r
d
r
(
4
)
Whe
r
e
M(r) i
s
t
he
m
ass dis
t
ri
bu
tio
n o
f
the
u
n
i
t d
i
ffu
se
r a
n
d
c
a
n be
prop
o
s
e
d
by t
h
e
be
l
o
w
equa
tio
n
:
3
4
()
[
(
)
(
)
]
3
di
f
d
i
f
phos
phos
M
rr
f
r
f
r
(
5
)
He
re
ρ
diff
(r
)
a
n
d
ρ
pho
s
(r)
a
r
e
t
he
dens
i
t
y
of
d
i
f
f
user
a
n
d
phos
ph
or
c
rysta
l
.
3.
RESULT
S
A
N
D
DISCU
SSIO
N
I
n
t
h
i
s
se
c
t
ion,
t
he
i
nf
l
u
e
n
ce
of
t
he
r
e
d
p
ho
sph
o
r
pa
rt
ic
les
’
c
oncen
tra
t
ion
on
t
h
e
sca
tter
i
ng
proce
s
s
in
ner
t
h
e
p
h
o
sph
o
r
la
ye
r
of
t
he
6
6
00K
I
CP
-WLED
s
i
s
i
nv
est
i
ga
te
d
u
s
i
n
g
M
a
t
L
a
b
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
i
n
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
s
t
a
g
e
.
A
f
ter
t
h
a
t
,
the
C
C
T-D
and
LO
o
f
t
h
e
660
0K
I
CP
-WLE
D
s
a
re
a
nalyz
e
d
an
d
discus
s
e
d
i
n
c
on
nec
t
i
on
w
ith
vary
in
g
the
c
o
nc
en
trat
i
on
of
t
he
r
e
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
from
0
%
to
1
.
8
%.
The
sc
atterin
g
a
n
d
r
e
d
uced
s
ca
tter
in
g
proce
s
se
s
in
ne
r
ph
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
e
r
are
draw
n
i
n
F
i
gure
2
a
n
d
3.
F
ig
ure
2
i
n
dica
tes
t
h
a
t
t
he
s
cat
teri
ng
coe
f
ficie
n
t
of
4
5
3
n
m
,
55nm
,
and
6
80
n
m
s
i
g
n
i
fica
n
t
l
y
i
n
c
rea
s
e
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
ati
on
of
t
he
r
ed
p
hosp
h
o
r
v
a
r
y
ing
from
1
%
t
o
5
%
.
In
a
ddi
tio
n,
t
he
c
oe
ff
i
c
i
e
n
t
o
f
55
5
nm
h
a
s
t
he
h
i
ghe
st
i
ncr
ease
in
c
o
m
pariso
n
w
ith
o
the
r
s.
O
n
t
he
s
am
e
w
a
y,
t
he
r
ed
uc
e
d
s
c
a
t
t
e
ri
ng
c
oeffic
i
e
n
ts
o
f
45
3
nm
,
5
5
n
m
,
a
nd
6
80
nm
h
ave
a
c
o
nsi
d
er
able
incre
a
se
w
h
i
le
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
e
n
tra
t
io
n
of
t
he
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
va
r
y
i
ng
fr
o
m
1
%
t
o
5
%
.
Al
l
453
n
m
,
5
5n
m,
a
n
d
680
n
m
r
ed
u
c
ed
s
cat
t
e
ri
n
g
co
e
f
fi
ci
en
t
s
i
n
c
re
ase
i
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
d
i
re
c
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
ea
c
h
o
t
h
e
r
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
igur
e
3
.
F
rom
tha
t
poi
n
t
o
f
v
i
e
w
,
it
i
s
o
bserve
d
tha
t
t
he
s
c
a
tt
e
r
in
g
pr
oces
s
i
n
t
he
p
h
o
s
p
hor
l
a
y
er
o
f
t
h
e
660
0K
I
CP
-WLED
s
ca
n be
c
on
tro
l
le
d by
var
y
i
n
g t
h
e
conce
n
t
r
at
i
o
n
of t
he
re
d
ph
o
sp
ho
r.
F
i
gure
2.
S
c
a
tterin
g
c
oeffi
c
i
e
n
ts
F
i
gur
e 3
Re
du
ced
s
cat
teri
ng
c
o
effic
i
e
n
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w
Elec
&
Dr
i
Sy
st,
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 2
,
Ju
n
e
2
019
:
1
0
59
–
1
063
1
062
Mor
e
ove
r
,
t
he
C
C
T
-
D
a
n
d
L
O
ver
s
us
t
he
r
ed
p
h
o
sph
o
r
par
t
icl
e
s’
c
o
n
c
e
ntr
a
t
i
o
n
a
r
e
ill
us
tr
ate
d
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
a
n
d
5
.
In
t
h
i
s
ana
l
ys
i
s
,
t
h
e
c
o
nc
en
t
r
ati
o
n
o
f
t
he
r
e
d
ph
osph
or
i
s
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
ed
f
r
o
m
0%
t
o
1.
8%
.
Fr
om
the
r
e
sea
r
ch
r
e
s
u
lts,
we
c
an
s
ee
t
ha
t
th
e
CC
T-D
ha
s
a
hug
e
decr
e
a
s
e
and
t
h
e
L
O
h
as
a
m
ass
i
v
e
i
n
c
re
ase
wi
th
incr
eas
in
g
t
h
e
conc
e
n
tr
at
io
n
of
t
he
r
ed
p
ho
sph
o
r
.
W
he
n
t
h
e
co
nc
en
tr
at
i
on
of
t
he
r
ed
p
h
o
sph
o
r
fr
om
0
%
to
1.
8%,
C
C
T
-
D
dec
r
ea
se
s
fr
om
4
0
00K
t
o
22
0
0
K
a
nd
L
O
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
fr
om
800
lm
t
o
13
0
0
l
m
.
I
t
c
a
n
be
o
bse
r
ve
d
tha
t
w
e
ca
n
im
pr
ove
t
he
C
C
T
-
D
a
nd
L
O
o
f
the
6
6
0
0
K
I
C
P
-
WLED
s
by
con
t
r
o
l
lin
g
t
h
e
conce
n
t
r
at
ion
of
t
he
r
e
d
ph
osp
h
o
r
par
tic
les.
F
i
gur
e
4.
C
CT-
D
v
er
sus
Wt.
%
Fig
u
r
e 5
.
LO
v
e
rsu
s
Wt
.
%
4.
CONCLUSION
In
t
hi
s
rese
a
r
c
h
,
a
n
o
v
e
l
r
e
comme
n
d
a
ti
on
f
or
i
mp
ro
vi
ng
C
C
T
-D
a
n
d
LO
o
f
the
6600K
ICP-
WLEDs
by
v
a
r
yi
ng
i
t
s
par
t
icle
c
once
n
tr
a
t
i
o
n
is
c
o
n
s
i
der
e
d.
B
y
us
in
g
L
ig
ht
T
oo
l
s
a
n
d
M
at
l
ab
s
oft
w
are
b
a
se
d
on
t
h
e
M
i
e
T
h
eor
y
,
w
e
d
eri
v
e
the
in
f
l
ue
nce
o
f
t
he
r
ed
p
h
o
sph
o
r
p
a
rti
c
l
e
’
s
co
nce
n
t
r
a
tio
n
on
t
h
e
D
-
C
C
T
a
n
d
L
O
.
The
r
e
sults
s
how
t
ha
t
t
h
e
C
C
T-
D
a
r
e
sig
n
i
fica
ntly
a
ffe
c
te
d
wh
en
t
he
c
on
c
e
nt
r
a
t
i
o
n
of
t
h
e
r
e
d
pho
sp
ho
r
va
r
y
ing
f
r
o
m
0%
t
o
1.
8
%
.
The
CC
T-
D
dec
r
ea
ses
f
r
o
m
4000K
t
o
2200K
a
n
d
L
O
i
n
c
r
ease
s
f
r
o
m
8
00
lm
t
o
1
3
00
l
m
.
REFERE
NC
E
S
[1]
S
h
eng
Liu
X
iaob
in
g
L
uo.
“
LED
P
ack
agi
ng
fo
r
Li
ghti
n
g
Ap
plicati
o
ns”
,
D
e
si
gn of
L
E
D
Pa
c
k
a
g
i
n
g
Ap
p
licat
io
n
s
,
2
1
5
–
3
15.
2
0
July
2
0
1
1
doi:
10.
1002
/9
780
47
08
27
8
5
7.
ch
6.
[2]
G
i
b
n
ey,
Eli
z
ab
eth
.
“
N
o
b
e
l
f
o
r
Blue
L
E
D
T
hat
Re
v
o
l
u
tionized
L
igh
ti
ng.
”
Nature.
Vo
l.
5
1
4
N
o.
752
1,
p
p.
1
5
2–1
53
.
2
0
1
4
.
d
o
i
:1
0
.
1
038/
51
415
2a.
[3]
L
u
o
,
X
iao
b
in
g
,
R
un
H
u,
S
hen
g
L
iu,
and
Kai
W
a
ng
.
“
H
e
a
t
an
d
F
l
uid
F
lo
w
in
H
igh
-
P
o
w
e
r
LED
P
ackagi
n
g
an
d
A
p
p
l
icat
io
n
s
.”
P
r
og
res
s
in
En
erg
y
an
d Co
mb
us
tion
Sci
e
nce
,
V
o
l
56
,
p
p
.
1–
32
.
2
016
.
d
o
i
:
10.
1
016
/j.
p
ec
s
.
2
016
.
0
5.
0
03.
[4]
W
i
n
k
ler,
H
o
l
ger,
Q
uan
g
T
ri
nh,
P
eter
B
o
d
ro
gi,
and
T
r
an
Q
uoc
K
han
h.
LED L
i
gh
ting
:
T
e
c
h
no
lo
gy
a
n
d
Pe
rc
e
p
t
i
o
n
.
W
e
in
he
i
m
:
Wile
y-VCH, 2
01
5.
[5]
S
m
et,
P
.
F
.,
P
a
rm
entier,
A
. B.,
&
P
o
el
man
,
D
.
“S
el
ec
t
i
n
g
C
onv
er
si
on
P
hosphors
f
o
r
Whi
t
e
Li
ght-
E
mi
tting
Diodes”.
Jo
ur
nal
of t
h
e E
l
ect
roch
emi
c
al
S
o
ciety,
vol
1
58,
n
o
6
,
2
011.
d
o
i:10.
1
1
4
9
/
1
.
3
56
8524
[6]
Y
.
S
h
u
a
i
,
Y
.
H
e
,
N
.
T
.
T
r
a
n
a
n
d
F
.
G
.
S
h
i
,
"
A
n
g
u
l
a
r
C
C
T
U
n
i
f
o
r
m
it
y
o
f
P
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Conv
erted
W
h
it
e
LEDs:
E
ff
ect
s
o
f
P
ho
s
p
h
o
r
M
a
teri
als
and
P
ackagi
n
g
S
t
ruc
t
ures,
"
i
n
IEEE
Photo
n
i
c
s T
echn
o
l
ogy L
e
t
t
er
s
,
v
o
l.
2
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
pp.
137-
13
9, Feb
.
1
, 20
1
1
.
[7]
Z
.
L
i
u
,
S
.
L
i
u
,
K
.
W
a
n
g
a
n
d
X
.
L
u
o
,
"
O
p
t
i
c
a
l
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
C
o
l
o
r
Di
str
i
bu
ti
on
i
n
W
h
ite
LEDs
With
V
arious
P
ack
agin
g M
e
t
h
o
d
s
,
"
in
IE
EE Ph
oto
n
ic
s
Te
c
h
no
lo
gy
Le
t
t
e
r
s
,
vol.
20
,
no.
2
4
,
pp.
2
0
2
7
-
20
29,
D
ec.
15,
2
0
08.
[8]
L
i
u,
Z
on
gy
uan,
S
h
e
n
g
L
i
u
,
Kai
W
a
ng,
a
n
d
X
i
a
ob
ing
L
uo.
“
Effects
o
f
P
hosp
hor’s
L
ocat
io
n
on
L
ED
P
ackag
in
g
P
e
rf
orm
a
n
ce.”
20
08
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
nf
eren
ce on
Elect
ro
nic
Packa
gi
ng
Tech
no
lo
gy
&
a
mp; H
i
gh
Den
s
ity
Pa
c
k
a
ging
,
20
08
.
doi:
10.
11
09
/icep
t.
2
0
0
8
.
4
60
69
82.
[9]
T
r
an,
Ng
uy
en
T
.,
a
nd
F
ran
k
G
.
S
h
i
.
“
Stud
ies
of
P
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Co
ncen
t
ration
and
Thic
kness
for
Pho
s
p
h
or-Based
W
hit
e
L
i
g
h
t
-
E
m
it
ti
ng
-Di
o
des
.
”
Jou
r
nal
of
Lig
h
t
w
a
ve T
ech
nol
og
y,
Vo
l
2
6
,
no
.
2
1
,
p
p
.
3556–
35
59
,
20
08
.
d
o
i
:
10.
1
109
/jlt
.
2008
.
9
1
7
0
8
7
.
[10]
L
i
u,
Z
on
gy
uan,
S
h
e
n
g
L
i
u
,
Kai
W
a
ng,
a
n
d
X
i
a
ob
ing
L
uo.
“
Effects
o
f
P
hosp
hor’s
L
ocat
io
n
on
L
ED
P
ackag
in
g
P
e
rf
orm
a
n
ce.”
20
08
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
nf
eren
ce on
Elect
ro
nic
Packa
gi
ng
Tech
no
lo
gy
&
a
mp; H
i
gh
Den
s
ity
Pa
c
k
a
ging
.
20
08
.
doi:
10.
11
09
/icep
t.
2
0
0
8
.
4
60
69
82.
[11]
M
i
nh,
T
ran
Ho
ang
Qu
ang
,
N
gu
yen
H
u
u
K
h
anh
N
h
an
,
N
g
u
y
en
D
oan
Qu
oc
A
n
h
,
a
n
d
H
s
i
a
o
-
Y
i
L
e
e
.
“
R
e
d
-
E
m
i
t
t
i
n
g
α-SrOꞏ3B2
O
3:
S
m
2
Ph
osph
or
:
a
n
I
nn
o
v
a
t
iv
e
Ap
plic
a
t
io
n
fo
r
I
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
Col
o
r
Qual
it
y
an
d
Lu
mi
no
u
s
F
lu
x
o
f
Rem
o
t
e
P
ho
sphor
W
hit
e
LEDs.
”
Jo
ur
na
l of
the Ch
ines
e Ins
t
it
u
t
e of
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
s,
V
o
l
40,
no.
4
,
pp
.
31
3–
31
7,
2
0
1
7
.
d
o
i
:
10.
1
080
/0
2533
83
9.
2
017
.
1
31
8
7
2
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
Im
pr
oving
CC
T-D and
LO
of
t
h
e 6600K ICP-WL
EDs
by K
2
Si
F
6
:M
n4+
phosphor (
P
hu T
r
an
Tin)
1
063
[12]
Anh
,
N
gu
ye
n
D
o
a
n
Q
uo
c
,
H
sia
o
-Yi
Le
e
,
T
ra
n
Th
a
n
h
Ph
uo
ng
,
Ngu
y
e
n
Hu
u
Kh
anh
N
h
an
,
Tran
H
oang
Q
uan
g
M
i
n
h
,
an
d
Tru
o
n
g
H
uu
L
y
.
“
Y
2
O
3:Eu3
P
hosp
h
or:
a
No
vel
S
o
lu
ti
on
f
o
r
a
n
Increas
e
in
C
o
l
o
r
R
enderi
ng
I
ndex
of
M
u
lti
-Chip
Wh
ite
L
E
D
P
a
c
k
ages
.”
Jo
urn
a
l
of t
h
e
Ch
in
ese In
stit
ute
of
En
g
i
neers
,
vol
.
4
0
,
no
.
3
,
pp. 228
–2
34
,
2
017
.
do
i:
10.
10
80/
02
5
3
38
39.
201
7.
12995
92
.
[13]
Ti
n
,
P
hu
T
r
an,
Ng
uy
en
H
u
u
K
h
a
nh
Nh
an,
and
T
r
an
H
o
a
ng
Quang
M
i
nh
.
"Inc
reasing
the
Co
l
o
r
Quality
o
f
t
h
e
7000K
Conf
ormal
Packag
ing
M
C
W
-
L
E
D
s
by
Varied
R
ed-
e
mi
tting
K2S
i
F
6
:
M
n
4
Con
v
e
r
sion
P
ho
sph
o
r’s
S
iz
e
.
"
Cog
e
nt Engin
eeri
n
g
,
vo
l.
4
,
no.
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
doi:
1
0
.
1080
/2
331
19
16
.
2017
.
1
4
0
4
718
.
[14]
S
i
j
b
o
m
,
H
.
F
.,
V
ers
t
raete,
R
.,
J
oo
s,
J
.
J
.
,
P
o
elman
,
D
.,
&
Smet
,
P
.
F
.
“K_
2
SiF
_
6
:
M
n
^4
a
s
a
red
ph
os
ph
or
f
or
di
splays
a
nd
w
arm
-
whit
e
L
E
Ds:
A
r
evi
e
w
o
f
p
ro
perti
e
s
and
perspe
ct
iv
e
s
”.
O
p
ti
c
a
l
Mat
e
r
ia
ls
E
x
pr
e
s
s,
vol
7
,
no
.
9,
pp
.
3
3
3
2
,
2
017.
doi
:1
0
.
1
3
6
4
/om
e
.7.
003
33
2
[15]
M
i
c
h
a
e
l
Q
u
in
te
n
Op
tica
l
Pr
op
erti
es of
Na
no
par
ti
cle Sys
t
ems
.
“Beyon
d
M
i
e'
s
Th
eory
I
I
-
Th
e
G
e
nerali
zed
M
ie
Th
eory,
”
3
1
7
–
3
3
9
,
2
01
1.
d
o
i
:1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/
9
7
835
27
6331
35.
ch10
.
[16]
F
r
is
vad,
J
ep
pe Rev
all
,
N
iels
J
ørge
n
Ch
rist
ens
e
n,
a
nd
H
en
rik
W
a
n
n
J
e
nsen
.
“
P
red
i
cti
n
g
th
e
A
ppear
an
ce
of
Mat
erials
Us
in
g
L
o
renz–
M
ie
T
heory
.
”
T
h
e
M
i
e
Th
eo
r
y
Sp
ri
nger
Ser
i
es
in
Opti
cal Sci
e
n
ces,
p
p
.
1
01
–1
3
3
,
20
12
.
do
i:
10.
10
07/
97
8
-
3
-
642
-28
7
3
8
-1_
4
.
[17]
Mackowski,
D
ani
e
l.
“
Th
e
Extens
io
n
of
M
i
e
T
h
e
o
r
y
t
o
M
ulti
p
l
e
S
p
h
eres
.”
T
h
e M
i
e T
h
eor
y
S
p
rin
g
er
Series in
Op
ti
cal Sc
ien
ces
,
pp
.
22
3–
25
6,
201
2.
doi:1
0
.
100
7
/
97
8-3
-
6
4
2
-
28
738
-1_
8
.
[18]
Wri
e
dt,
T
h
o
m
as.
2
0
1
2
.
“
M
ie
T
heo
r
y:
A
R
evi
e
w.”
Th
e
M
i
e
Th
eory
S
p
ri
nger
S
e
ries
i
n
O
p
tical
S
cien
ces,
53
–71.
do
i:
10.
10
07/
97
8
-
3
-
642
-28
7
3
8
-1_
2
.
[19]
K.
P
an,
et a
l
.
,
“S
t
u
dy
on
Reliabilit
y
and
L
i
f
e
time
Predi
c
t
i
on
o
f
H
i
gh
Powe
r
L
ED
s,
”
In
do
n
e
si
an
Jo
urn
a
l
of
El
ectr
i
cal
En
gi
n
eer
ing
a
nd
Co
m
p
ut
er S
c
ien
ce
(
I
J
E
ECS),
V
o
l
12
, no
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
2
-1
14
2,
F
eb
ruary
20
14.
[20]
Pe
n
g
H
.
Y.
,
et
al.
,
“
R
ed
(
S
r
Ca)A
lSiN
3
:
E
u2
+
N
i
t
r
id
e
P
h
o
s
phor
P
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
Si
ze
o
f
P
ho
s
p
h
o
r
Converted
W
arm
W
h
i
t
e
LEDs,
”
In
do
nes
i
an
Jo
ur
na
l
of
E
l
ectrica
l
En
g
i
n
eeri
n
g
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
t
er
S
c
ien
c
e (
I
JEE
C
S
)
.
vo
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