Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
4
,
Decem
be
r 202
0
, p
p.
1995
~
2006
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v11.i
4
.
pp
1995
-
2006
1995
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Robust non
-
li
near co
ntr
ol of a
hybri
d water
pu
m
ping syst
em
based o
n in
ductio
n motor
Zakari
a M
as
s
aq
,
Abdel
oua
hed
Aboun
ada, M
ohamed
Ra
m
zi
Depa
rtment
o
f
E
le
c
tri
c
al E
ngin
eering,
LACEM,
F
ac
ul
ty
of
Scie
n
c
es
and Technolo
gy,
Sult
an
Moul
ay
Slim
ane Univ
ersit
y,
Beni
-
Mellal
,
Mo
roc
co
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Feb
22
, 20
20
Re
vised
A
pr
26
, 2
0
20
Accepte
d
M
a
y
19
, 20
20
Thi
s
cont
ribu
ti
o
n
pre
sen
ts
a
non
-
li
ne
ar
cont
ro
l
o
f
a
hybr
id
pump
ing
sys
tem
supplie
d
wi
th
a
photovo
lt
a
ic
gene
ra
tor
and
a
ba
tt
ery
.
Thi
s
sys
te
m
is
em
ploy
ed
for
de
li
ver
ing
a
con
ti
n
uous
volum
e
of
wate
r
what
eve
r
t
he
climatic
condi
ti
ons
.
In
th
e
DC
side
,
a
bo
ost
conve
r
te
r
is
cont
rolled
wi
th
t
he
ind
ire
c
t
double
in
te
gra
l
s
li
ding
mod
e
con
trol
ler
(DIS
MC)
fo
r
ma
xi
mum
p
ower
point
tra
ck
ing
(MP
PT).
Th
e
DIS
MC
i
s
suita
ble
for
M
PP
T
bec
ause
it
give
s
a
fast
response
and
red
uce
s
the
a
mpl
it
ud
e
of
p
ower
oscilla
ti
o
ns.
Th
en,
a
bidi
re
ct
ion
al
b
uck
-
boost
conv
ert
er
is
adop
t
ed
to
ensure
the
ene
rgy
ma
nag
em
en
t
b
e
twee
n
the
ba
tt
e
r
y
and
the
DC
-
bus,
and
thi
s
c
onver
te
r
is
cont
rolled
wi
th
i
nte
gra
l
slidi
ng
mode
cont
rol
(I
SM
C)
the
ory.
T
he
non
-
li
n
ea
r
pre
dictive
cont
r
ol
(NP
C)
is
ch
osen
to
driv
e
a
n
induc
t
ion
motor
(IM),
the
NP
C
is
known
by
it
s
f
ast
dyn
a
mi
c
and
h
igh
capac
i
ty
to
re
je
c
t
distu
rba
nc
es.
The
hyb
rid
sys
t
em
is
mod
el
l
ed
in
MA
TL
AB/
Simul
ink
software
.
During
simul
ations,
the
DIS
MC
-
MPPT
is
co
mpa
r
ed
wi
th
oth
er
te
chn
iq
ues
such
as
slidi
ng
mode
co
ntrol
ler
(SM
C)
MP
PT
and
integ
ral
SM
C
MP
PT,
th
e
DIS
MC
provide
s
the
b
est
tracki
ng
p
erf
orma
n
ce
s
un
d
er
diffe
r
ent
i
rra
dia
n
ce
s.
Moreove
r,
the
d
esigne
d
con
trol
l
er
for
th
e
bidi
r
e
ct
ion
al
conv
erte
r
reg
ulates
the
DC
-
li
nk
vo
ltage
with
b
et
t
er
p
erf
orma
n
ce
s
th
a
n
the
c
la
ss
ical
P
I
cont
rol
le
r
.
La
stly
,
th
e
NP
C
reg
ulates
th
e
spe
ed
of the
IM wit
h
high
robustn
ess.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Bi
directi
on
al
c
onve
rter
Hybr
i
d wate
r p
umpin
g
s
ys
te
m
In
te
gr
al
sli
di
ng mode c
ontr
oller
M
PP
T
per
t
urb a
nd Obse
rv
e
Non
-
li
near
pre
dicti
ve
c
on
tr
ol
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Zakar
ia
M
as
sa
q
,
Dep
a
rteme
nt of Elect
rical
E
nginee
rin
g,
Faculty
of Scie
nces a
nd Tec
hnol
ogy
,
S
ultan
M
oula
y
Sli
ma
ne Un
i
ver
sit
y
B.P: 5
23 B
e
ni
-
M
el
la
l
,
M
orr
oc
o
.
Emai
l:
zakaria.
massaq
@
gm
ai
l.com
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
sli
di
ng
m
ode c
on
tr
ol (S
MC
)
is suita
ble
f
or
fast ma
xim
um p
ower
point
trackin
g (MPP
T) because
it
is
kn
ow
n
by
sta
bili
ty,
fas
t
-
res
pons
e
a
nd
non
-
sen
sit
ivit
y
to
par
a
mete
r
va
riat
ion
[1]
.
The
c
onve
nt
ion
al
hy
ste
resis
-
mod
ulati
on
(
H
M
)
base
d
S
M
C
suffe
rs
from
var
i
able
s
witc
hing
f
reque
ncy
a
nd
f
rom
t
he
c
hatte
rin
g
ph
e
nome
non
due
t
o
t
he
high
switc
hing
fr
e
quenc
y
oper
at
io
n.
The
se
dr
a
w
backs
m
otivate
d
t
he
researc
he
rs
t
o
desig
n
an
i
nd
ir
ect
SM
C
base
d
on
the
pulse
w
idth
m
odulati
on
(PW
M
)
te
c
hniq
ue.
T
he
co
nventio
nal
S
M
C
wit
h
PWM
e
xh
i
bits
an
unwa
nted
ste
ady
-
sta
te
er
ror
a
nd
slo
w
r
esp
on
se
[
2]
,
to
im
prov
e
the
res
pons
e
of
ind
i
rec
t
SM
C
a
n
integ
r
al
te
rm
is
add
e
d
to
the
e
xisti
ng
sli
ding
s
urfa
ce
to
co
ns
ti
tute
the
integ
ral
sli
ding
m
od
e
c
on
trolle
r
(I
S
M
C)
[3
,
4]
.
Howe
ver,
the
c
on
st
ru
ct
i
on
of
t
he
i
nd
irect
f
orm
of
t
he
ISMC
de
rivates
t
he
s
ta
te
var
ia
bles
of
the
switc
hing
s
urf
ace
(
̇
=0)
,
t
hus,
the
va
riable
∫
disap
pears
f
rom
the
e
quivale
nt
co
ntr
ol
te
r
m
u
eq
,
an
d
the
correct
ion
of
st
eady
-
sta
te
er
ror
is
deterio
rated
[5
,
6]
.
The
re
fore,
a
n
i
nteg
ra
l
te
rm
is
a
dd
e
d
for
t
he
sec
ond
ti
me
∫
(
∫
)
)
to
nu
ll
if
y
the
ste
ady
-
sta
te
er
ror
int
rod
uced
by
the
i
nd
i
rect
ISMC,
t
his
ne
w
te
ch
nique
is
cal
le
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
1995
–
2006
1996
PWM
base
d
double
i
nteg
ral
SM
C
(
DISMC
)
[2]
.
T
he
D
ISMC
sho
ws
a
f
ast
res
pons
e
a
nd
reduces
the
ste
ad
y
-
st
at
e
err
or
[
4]
.
T
he
bi
directi
onal
(BDC
)
DC
-
DC
c
onver
te
r
is
the
key
factor
of
e
nerg
y
m
anag
e
ment
between
PV
sou
rce,
ba
tt
ery
,
an
d
dif
f
eren
t
loa
ds
[7
,
8]
.
Howe
ver,
the
us
e
of
t
wo
P
I
c
ontr
ollers
to
c
on
t
ro
l
the
bid
irect
io
nal
c
onve
rter
do
es
no
t
guara
ntee
good
pe
rf
orm
ances
wh
e
n
th
e
sy
ste
m
oper
at
es
ou
tsi
de
of
th
e
op
e
rati
ng
poin
t
[9
,
10]
.
F
or
that
reason,
t
h
e
feat
ur
es
of
the
I
S
M
C
th
eory
are
e
xploit
ed
to
c
on
tr
ol
th
e
bid
irect
io
nal c
onve
rter in t
his
p
a
per
.
The
disco
ver
i
ng
of
fiel
d
-
or
ie
nt
ed
co
ntr
ol
(FOC)
i
n
19
72
ha
s
re
vo
l
ution
iz
ed
the
c
ontr
ol
theo
r
y
of
the
inducti
on
m
oto
r
(IM
)
[
11
-
13]
.
Howe
ver
,
th
e
FO
C
te
ch
nique
use
s
c
oord
i
nate
tran
sf
orm
at
ion
w
hic
h
m
akes
it
com
plex
t
o
im
plement,
in
a
ddit
ion
,
it
is
sen
sit
ive
to
inter
na
l
par
a
mete
rs
var
ia
ti
on
of
t
he
machi
ne
[14
,
15]
.
To
minim
iz
e
the
com
plexity
of
FO
C
a
nd
im
prov
i
ng
it
s
dyna
mic
ne
w
c
ontr
ol
te
ch
niques
hav
e
been
f
ou
nd
e
d,
namely
sli
di
ng
m
od
e
c
on
t
ro
l
(SMC),
a
nd
dir
ect
tor
que
c
ontrol
(
DTC)
[16
,
17]
.
T
he
I
M
m
od
el
is
non
-
li
ne
ar
i
n
natu
re,
f
ur
t
hermo
re,
the
IM
is
app
li
ed
to
extern
al
dist
urba
nces
(loa
d
torque
)
an
d
to
inter
nal
pa
r
amet
e
r
var
ia
ti
ons.
The
refor
e
,
the
r
ob
us
t non
-
li
ne
ar p
re
dicti
ve
c
on
t
ro
l (NPC
)
is
ap
plied
t
o
c
on
tr
ol
the IM
in
this work
.
The
NP
C
us
e
s
high
orde
r
ca
lc
ulati
on
s
t
o
opti
mize
a
c
os
t
f
un
ct
io
n;
t
he
com
plexity
of
cal
culat
io
n
c
ould
be
reduce
d usin
g
t
he
Ta
ylor se
rie
s expa
ns
io
n of
the outp
ut’s va
riables
[18
,
19]
.
This
c
on
tri
buti
on
pro
poses
a
high
-
perf
or
ma
nce
c
on
t
ro
l
sc
heme
for
a
hy
br
i
d
wate
r
pump
in
g
s
ys
te
m
.
Sect
ion
2
pres
ents
a
bri
ef
de
scriptio
n
of
th
e
diff
e
re
nt
sta
ges
of
the
p
umpin
g
s
ys
te
m.
Sect
ion
3
pr
e
sents
th
e
diff
e
re
nt
co
ntr
ol
strat
egies
for
the
pump
i
ng
sy
ste
m.
First,
a
casca
de
d
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
base
d
on
DISMC
is
pr
e
sented
for
MPPT.
Af
t
erw
a
rd,
tw
o
ot
her
c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
based
on
ISM
C
theory
are
de
sign
e
d
to
c
ontrol
the
bi
direc
ti
on
al
fl
ow
of
the
e
ne
rgy.
Fi
nally,
t
he
con
t
ro
l
sc
he
me
f
or
the
I
M
base
d
on
N
PC
is
exp
la
ine
d.
S
imulat
ion
resu
l
ts
and
analysis a
re
re
ported
to
sect
i
on
4
, follo
we
d by ge
ne
ral co
nc
lusio
ns
.
.
2.
CIRC
UIT
CONFIG
U
RA
TI
ON
A
hybr
i
d
water
pum
ping
s
ys
t
em
is
prese
nted
in
Fig
ur
e
1.
The
ov
e
rall
syst
em
co
mprise
s
a
P
V
ar
ray
as
a
pr
inci
pal
s
ource
of
ene
r
gy
an
d
a
batte
r
y
pack
c
onside
r
ed
as
a
seco
nd
powe
r
source
.
The
s
ys
te
m
inc
lud
e
s
sta
ti
c
DC
-
DC
conve
rters
s
uc
h
as
a
unidirec
ti
on
al
bo
os
t
co
nv
e
rter
us
e
d
f
or
M
P
PT
a
nd
a
bid
irect
i
on
al
buck
-
boos
t
co
nverte
r
w
hich
e
ns
ur
es
the
bid
ir
ect
ion
al
flo
w
of
the
energ
y
bet
ween
t
he
DC
-
bu
s
a
nd
the
ba
tt
ery.
Finall
y,
a
tw
o
-
l
evel in
ver
te
r
c
on
t
ro
ls a
n
i
nduc
ti
on
m
otor
wi
th a ce
ntrif
ugal
pum
p
.
+
-
P
V
A
rra
y
+
-
K
C
dc
L
D
C
i
n
V
pv
IM
2.
2K
w
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
K6
Bo
o
s
t
C
o
n
v
er
ter
Thr
ee
-
P
ha
s
e
V
SI
DC
-
l
i
nk
C
a
p
a
ci
to
r
I
nput
F
i
l
te
r
B
a
tte
r
y
B
a
n
k
K
B1
K
B2
D
B1
D
B2
L
B
Bi
di
recti
o
n
a
l
Buck
-
Bo
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
V
B
C
entri
fug
a
l
P
um
p
Figure
1. Bl
oc
k diag
ram of
th
e hybrid
syst
em
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Ro
bu
st
non
-
li
ne
ar
c
ontrol
of
a hybri
d
w
ater
pum
ping syste
m ba
se
d o
n
i
nduction m
otor (
Za
k
ar
ia
Massa
q)
1997
3.
CONTR
OL
S
TRATEGIE
S
Dive
rse
c
on
t
rol
le
rs
are
pro
posed
t
o
c
on
tr
ol t
he hyb
rid
s
ys
te
m,
a
nd are
li
ste
d
as
foll
ows:
•
A
DI
S
M
C
ba
sed o
n
P
W
M
is
d
esi
gn
e
d
t
o
tra
ck
the
ma
xim
um p
ower
point
(MPP
)
with
h
i
gh ef
fici
enc
y.
•
T
he bidire
ct
ion
al
buck
-
boost
co
nve
rter is c
on
t
ro
ll
ed
w
it
h
the ISMC
the
ory
to reg
ulate
t
he DC
-
bu
s
vo
lt
age.
•
Co
ntr
ol
of th
e inducti
on
mot
o
r wit
h
t
he ge
ner
al
iz
ed
pre
dicti
ve
co
ntr
oller
.
3.1.
Ma
xi
mum
p
ower p
oin
t
tr
ac
king
c
ontr
ol
Figure
2
sho
ws
t
he
M
P
PT
co
ntr
ol
sc
he
me,
i
n
wh
ic
h
a
per
t
urb
a
nd
obser
ve
(P&O
)
al
go
rith
m
gen
e
rates
the
ref
e
ren
ce
vo
lt
age
V
pv
*
.
T
he
n,
a
D
ISMC
i
s
us
ed
t
o
f
or
c
e
the
sta
te
t
ra
je
ct
or
y
of
the
bo
os
t
conve
rter to f
ol
low
the
r
e
fer
e
nce
vo
lt
ag
e
give
n by the
P&
O
al
gorit
hm
.
P
V
A
r
r
a
y
+
-
K
C
dc
L
D
C
in
v
pv
v
dc
i
pv
i
L
D
o
u
b
l
e
-
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
l
S
l
i
d
i
n
g
-
m
o
d
e
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
(
D
IS
M
C
)
+
-
C
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
o
r
-
A
1
+
+
+
-
+
A
2
+A
3
/s
+
-
A
N
D
ic
in
β
v
pv
R
a
m
p
S
i
g
n
a
l
P
WM
G
e
n
e
r
at
or
V
pv
*
β
v
pv
v
dc
v
pv
i
c
in
P
&
O
M
P
P
T
A
l
gori
t
h
m
i
pv
v
pv
V
pv
*
v
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
1
u
1
P
K
1
P
K
1
Bo
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
Figure
2. D
ISMC
-
MPPT al
gorithm
contr
ol
sch
eme
3.1.1.
Desi
gn
of
a
d
ou
ble
inte
gra
l
sli
ding
m
od
e c
ontr
oller
for
MPPT
Con
si
der
i
ng
t
ha
t
the
boos
t
co
nv
e
rter
op
e
rate
s
in
co
ntinuo
us
cond
uctio
n
mode
(CC
M
),
The
a
ver
a
ge
sta
te
-
sp
ace
model o
f
t
he boos
t conve
rter is
presente
d
in
ter
m of t
he
s
witc
hing si
gn
al
u
1
as
,
1
1
1
1
(
)
(
)
u
x
f
x
g
x
=+
(1)
Wh
e
re,
1
v
T
L
p
v
xi
=
,
1
(
)
T
p
v
d
c
p
v
L
p
v
in
in
v
v
v
i
fx
L
r
C
C
−
=−
and
1
g
(
)
0
T
dc
v
x
L
=
Wh
e
re,
r
pv
is t
he
dyn
a
mic resi
sta
nce
of
t
he
P
V
a
rr
a
y.
The
general c
ontr
ol law to co
ntr
ol t
he vo
lt
age
v
pv
is:
1
1
1
0
w
h
e
n
S
0
1
w
h
e
n
S
0
u
=
(2)
Wh
e
re
S
1
is t
he
sw
it
chi
ng sur
face,
w
hich
is
expresse
d
as
,
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
S
a
e
a
e
a
e
a
e
=
+
+
+
(3)
The
te
r
ms a
1
-
a
4
denote the
sli
ding s
urface
pa
rameters
, a
nd e
1
-
e
4
are t
he
e
rror sig
nals.
*
*
*
1
*
2
*
3
*
4
e
/
i
(
V
)
e
e
(
V
)
e
(
)
d
t
L
L
L
p
v
p
v
p
v
p
v
p
v
p
v
p
v
p
v
i
i
A
v
Vv
v
d
t
V
v
d
t
=
−
=
−
=−
=−
=−
(4)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
1995
–
2006
1998
Wh
e
re,
A
is
th
e
am
plifie
d
gai
n
of
the
vo
lt
ag
e
er
ror.
T
he
a
ppli
cat
ion
of
t
he
in
direct
S
M
C
is
achie
ved
th
r
ough
the comp
utati
on
of the e
quiva
le
nt contr
ol u
1e
q
. Th
is
can
b
e
der
i
ved f
rom t
he
in
va
riance c
onditi
on,
̇
1
=0,
1
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
0
S
a
e
a
e
a
e
a
e
=
+
+
+
=
(5)
The
n,
23
1
1
2
3
1
pv
in
eq
d
c
d
c
d
c
d
c
v
ic
e
e
u
A
A
A
v
v
v
v
=
−
−
+
+
(6)
With,
2
1
1
()
i
n
i
n
A
L
a
L
A
C
a
C
=+
,
3
2
1
aL
A
a
=
an
d
4
3
1
aL
A
a
=
A
1
,
A
2
,
a
nd
A
3
pa
rameters
ar
e
empi
rical
ly
determi
ned
ac
cordin
g
t
o
the
existe
nce
a
nd
sta
bili
ty
crit
erion
s
[
2,
4]
.
T
he
c
on
t
ro
l
la
w
of
the
i
ndirect
sli
ding
m
od
e
co
ntr
ol
is
d
eri
ved
us
i
ng
PWM
te
c
hn
i
que,
co
mp
a
rin
g
c
on
t
rol
sign
al
v
control1
with a
ram
p
si
gn
al
v
ramp
1
.
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
(
v
)
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
d
c
p
v
i
n
r
a
m
p
p
v
v
v
A
i
c
A
e
A
e
vv
=
−
−
+
+
=
(
7)
3.2.
The co
nt
r
ol strate
gy
of
th
e
bidi
rection
al c
onverter
The
BDC
is
c
onside
red
as
the
inter
mediat
e
li
nk
betwee
n
t
he
batte
r
y
an
d
th
e
DC
bus
.
If
th
e
DC
-
li
nk
vo
lt
age
is
gr
ea
te
r
tha
n
t
he
refe
ren
ce
volt
age
v
dc
>
V
dc
*
,
the
BDC
ope
rates
in
buc
k
mode
t
o
st
or
e
the
e
xc
ess
of
energ
y
in
the
ba
tt
ery
.
On
the
oth
e
r
ha
nd,
if
v
dc
<
V
dc
*
the
ba
tt
ery
disc
harg
es
to
injec
t
the
require
d
cu
rr
e
nt
into
the
DC
-
bus
,
in
this
case,
the
B
DC
w
orks
in
boos
t
m
od
e
[
20,
21]
.
T
he
direc
ti
on
o
f
the
c
urr
ent
is
re
ve
rse
d
from
on
e
mode
to
a
no
t
her.
To
c
ontrol
t
he
BDC
in
both
m
odes
of
op
e
rati
on
t
wo
strat
e
gies
of
c
ontr
ol
a
re
pr
opos
e
d
as prese
nted
i
n Fi
gure
3.
D
o
u
b
l
e
-
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
l
In
d
i
r
e
c
t
S
l
i
d
i
n
g
-
m
o
d
e
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
(
D
I
S
M
C
)
+
+
+
-
+
β
V
dc
R
a
m
p
S
i
g
n
a
l
V
dc
Bi
di
recti
o
n
a
l
Buck
-
Bo
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
-
+
K
B1
K
B2
D
B1
D
B2
L
B
V
dc
i
LB
V
B
C
dc
i
c
dc
i
c
dc
-
B
3
+
-
β
v
B
β
V
dc
V
dc
*
-
+
B
B
1
+B
2
/s
B
1
+B
2
/s
+
+
+
+
+
-
i
LB
V
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
2
+
-
C
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
o
r
P
WM
G
e
n
e
r
at
or
C
2
+C
3
/s
i
LB
V
dc
*
S
3
u
3
S
3
In
t
e
g
r
a
l
S
l
i
d
i
n
g
-
m
o
d
e
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
(
IS
M
C
)
V
dc
+
-
C
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
o
r
V
dc
*
AN
D
u
3
u
2
PK
B1
PK
B2
PK
B1
PK
B2
i
dc
B
a
tte
r
y
AN
D
AN
D
Figure
3. The
pro
po
se
d
c
ontr
ol sc
heme fo
r
t
he bidirect
io
na
l conve
rter
3.2.1.
Desi
gn
of
a
d
ou
ble
inte
gra
l
sli
ding
m
od
e c
ontr
oller
for the b
oost
converter
mode
Con
si
der
i
ng
t
hat
the
boos
t
conve
rter
op
e
r
at
es
in
CC
M
,
and
the
c
hos
en
sta
te
va
riables
are
t
h
e
inducto
r
cu
rr
e
nt
i
L
B
and
the
DC
-
li
nk
volt
ag
e
v
dc
.
T
he
dyna
mic
of
t
he
boos
t
co
nverter
i
s
desc
ribe
d
wi
th
th
e
diff
e
re
ntial
eq
ua
ti
on
s i
n
(
8),
w
her
e
u
2
ref
e
rs
t
o
the
stat
e of t
he
s
witc
h K
B1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Ro
bu
st
non
-
li
ne
ar
c
ontrol
of
a hybri
d
w
ater
pum
ping syste
m ba
se
d o
n
i
nduction m
otor (
Za
k
ar
ia
Massa
q)
1999
2
2
2
2
(
)
(
)
u
x
f
x
g
x
=+
(8)
Wh
e
re,
2
v
T
L
B
dc
xi
=
,
2
(
)
T
B
d
c
d
c
LB
d
c
d
c
d
c
v
v
v
i
fx
L
C
r
C
−
=−
and
2
g
(
)
T
dc
LB
dc
v
i
x
LC
−
=
r
dc
is t
he dyna
mic resist
ance
of the
DC
bus.
The
sli
di
ng s
urface is
forme
d wit
h
the
stat
e va
riable
s
e
rror
s
(9).
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
S
b
e
b
e
b
e
b
e
=
+
+
+
(9)
wh
e
re
e
1
-
e
4
are
the c
urren
t
an
d vo
lt
age
er
ror
s,
a
nd
B
is t
he
gain w
hich
a
m
plifie
s the
volt
age e
rror
.
*
*
*
1
*
2
3
1
2
4
1
2
e
/
i
(
)
e
e
(
e
e
)
e
(
e
e
)
d
t
LB
LB
LB
d
c
d
c
d
c
d
c
i
i
B
V
v
Vv
dt
dt
=
−
=
−
=−
=+
=+
(10)
Substi
tuti
ng th
e dyn
a
mic o
f
t
he
ste
p
-
up con
ver
te
r
in t
he de
rivati
ve of
the
sli
din
g su
rf
ace
(
̇
2
=0)
giv
e
s,
2
2
1
2
3
1
2
4
1
2
(
)
(
)
(
)
d
c
B
d
c
d
c
d
c
B
d
c
d
c
v
v
u
v
ic
ic
S
b
B
b
b
e
e
b
e
e
d
t
L
C
C
−−
=
−
−
+
+
+
+
(11)
The
e
quivale
nt
contr
ol sig
nal
u
2eq
of the
bo
ost
co
nve
rter is
obta
ined
by sol
vi
ng
t
he follo
wi
ng equati
on
̇
2
=0,
*
*
*
*
2
3
3
4
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
(
B
)
i
(
)
B
(
)
(
V
)
B
(
)
B
B
B
B
B
B
e
q
d
c
d
c
d
c
d
c
d
c
L
B
d
c
d
c
d
c
d
c
L
B
d
c
d
c
d
c
d
c
d
c
d
c
d
c
L
b
v
b
L
b
L
b
L
b
L
u
c
V
v
V
v
i
v
d
t
V
v
i
d
t
C
v
b
v
b
v
b
v
b
v
b
v
=
−
+
−
+
−
+
−
−
+
−
+
−
−
(12)
The
co
ntr
ol
la
w
is
der
i
ved
usi
ng
the
P
W
M
te
ch
nique
,
c
ompa
rin
g
t
he
volt
age
co
ntr
ol
sign
al
v
control
2
with
a
ram
p
sig
nal
v
ra
mp
2
.
*
*
*
*
2
1
1
2
2
3
2
B
(
)
B
(
)
(
)
B
(
)
(
v
)
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
d
c
d
c
d
c
d
c
L
B
d
c
d
c
d
c
d
c
L
B
d
c
s
d
c
B
r
a
m
p
s
d
c
v
V
v
B
V
v
i
B
V
v
d
t
B
V
v
i
d
t
B
i
c
G
v
v
G
v
=
−
+
−
−
+
−
+
−
−
−
+
−
=
(13)
Her
e
,
the
facto
r
G
s
=β
(
0<
G
s
<1)
is
us
e
d
t
o
dow
ns
cal
e
vo
lt
age
mag
nitu
de
to
a
pr
act
ic
al
le
vel.
B
1
-
B
3
a
re
c
onsta
nt
pa
rameters
deter
mined
acc
ordi
ng
to
r
eacha
bili
ty
an
d
sta
bili
ty
c
onditi
ons
[
5
,
22]
.
T
he
duty
rati
o
is
mu
lt
ipli
ed
w
it
h
a
si
gn
al
of
the
pu
lse
ge
ne
rator
to
en
sure
that
the
du
t
y
r
at
io
is
al
wa
ys
le
ss
tha
n
1.
Fi
gure
3
il
lustrate
s the c
on
t
ro
l sc
hem
e
of the im
pleme
nted
D
ISMC
-
P
W
M
.
3
1
1
sB
b
B
G
L
b
=
,
4
2
1
sB
b
B
G
L
b
=
and
2
3
1
(
B
)
B
s
dc
Lb
BG
Cb
=+
3.2.2.
Desi
gn
of In
tegral sli
di
ng
m
od
e
c
on
t
rolle
r f
or the
buck
c
onver
te
r mo
de
Con
si
der
i
ng
t
ha
t t
he
buck
con
ver
te
r
operates
in
CC
M
,
and t
he
c
ho
se
n
sta
te
v
aria
bles are
t
he
in
duct
or
current
I
L
B
and
the
DC
-
li
nk
vo
lt
age
V
dc
.T
he
dynamic
of
t
he
bu
c
k
c
onve
rter
is
desc
ribe
d
with
the
dif
fe
ren
ti
al
equ
at
io
ns (
14), w
her
e
u
3
ref
e
r
s to
t
he
sta
te
of the s
witc
h K
B
2
.
3
3
3
3
(
)
(
)
u
x
f
x
g
x
=+
(14)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
1995
–
2006
2000
wh
e
re
,
3
v
T
L
B
dc
xi
=
,
3
(
)
T
dc
B
B
d
c
i
v
fx
LC
−
=
and
3
g
(
)
T
dc
LB
B
d
c
v
i
x
LC
−
=
the
s
witc
hing s
urface S
3
is f
ormed wit
h
t
he DC
-
li
nk
vo
lt
ag
e erro
r
(
e
1
),
t
he
integ
rati
on of
this er
ror
(
e
2
)
a
nd the
inducto
r
c
urrent
i
LB
. Th
e sli
di
ng surfa
ce
S
3
i
s expr
e
ssed
in (
15
),
3
1
1
2
2
LB
S
c
e
c
e
i
=
+
+
(
15)
wh
e
re
,
c
1
a
nd
c
2
are
the
sli
di
ng
s
urface
par
a
mete
rs
dete
rmi
ned
acc
ordi
ng
to
reac
hab
il
it
y
conditi
on
[9
,
25]
,
the
error
s
are
gi
ve
n by,
*
1
*
2
e
e
(
)
d
t
d
c
d
c
d
c
d
c
Vv
Vv
=−
=−
(16)
the
co
ntr
ol
dis
crete f
un
ct
i
on
of the
buck
conv
e
rter is
conc
lud
e
d from t
he t
ran
s
ver
sal
it
y
c
onditi
on
[
25]
.
3
3
3
1
w
h
e
n
S
0
0
w
h
e
n
S
0
u
=
(17)
the
de
rivati
ve
of the s
witc
hing s
urface is
give
n
in
equati
on
(18),
33
3
1
2
1
(
)
(
)
d
c
L
B
d
c
B
d
c
d
c
B
B
i
u
i
u
v
v
S
c
c
e
C
C
L
L
=
−
−
+
+
−
(18)
so
lvi
ng
the
e
qu
at
ion
(
̇
3
=0)
, t
he
contr
ol sig
nal
would be:
*
1
2
3
1
()
dc
B
d
c
d
c
d
c
B
eq
dc
LB
d
c
B
ci
v
c
V
v
CL
u
v
ci
CL
+
−
−
=
+
(19)
3.3.
Non
-
li
ne
ar
pr
edic
tive
c
ontr
ol of in
duct
i
on mo
t
or
Figure
4
pr
ese
nts
the
non
-
li
ne
ar
pre
dicti
ve
con
t
ro
l
of
the
i
nductio
n
m
otor.
T
he
mathem
at
ic
al
mo
de
l
of the
I
M
is
presented
in
t
he
t
wo
-
di
mensi
onal
stat
or
ref
e
re
nce
fr
ame
(α
-
β)
[
26]
is:
(
)
(
)
u
(
t
)
x
f
x
g
x
=+
(20)
wh
e
re
,
T
s
α
s
r
α
x
=
[
i
i
ω]
rm
,
(
)
[
u
]
T
ss
u
t
u
=
,
1
(x)
1
()
s
r
m
r
r
s
r
m
r
r
m
s
r
m
r
rr
m
s
r
m
r
rr
ml
r
r
s
r
s
m
r
K
i
pK
T
K
i
pK
T
L
f
i
p
TT
L
ip
TT
pL
T
f
ii
J
L
J
J
−
+
+
−
+
−
=
−
−
−+
−
−
−
an
d
1
1
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
g
[
g
g
]
1
0
0
0
0
T
s
s
L
L
==
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Ro
bu
st
non
-
li
ne
ar
c
ontrol
of
a hybri
d
w
ater
pum
ping syste
m ba
se
d o
n
i
nduction m
otor (
Za
k
ar
ia
Massa
q)
2001
wh
e
re
,
u
sα
,
u
sβ
,
i
sα
,
i
sβ
are
the
sta
tor
vo
lt
a
ges
and
the
sta
tor
currents
,
re
sp
e
ct
ively,
a
nd
ф
rα
,
ф
rβ
a
re
ro
t
or
flu
xes.
The
c
onsta
nt
pa
rameters
of t
he
model a
re
de
fine
d by
,
2
m
sr
L
1
LL
=
−
;
m
sr
L
K
LL
=
;
2
2
1
()
m
sr
s
r
L
RR
L
L
=+
wh
e
re
,
L
s
,
L
r
are
sta
to
r
an
d
ro
t
or
i
nductan
ces,
an
d
L
m
is
the
m
utu
al
i
nducta
nce,
R
s
,
R
r
are
sta
to
r
a
nd
r
otor
resist
ances,
a
nd
T
r
=
L
r
/R
r
is
r
otor
ti
me
c
on
st
ant,
p
numb
e
r
of
po
le
s
pair,
T
l
loa
d
tor
que,
J
inerti
a
c
oeffici
ent,
f
r
fr
ic
ti
on coe
f
fici
ent.
T
he
s
quar
e of
r
otor
flu
x and t
he spee
d
a
re tw
o
c
hosen
ou
t
pu
t t
o be
re
gu
la
te
d,
(
)
(
)
(
)
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
(
)
y
y
h
(
)
h
(
x
)
=
+
T
TT
m
r
r
r
y
h
x
x
=
=
=
=
(21)
the
co
ntr
olled
var
ia
bles ca
n b
e ex
pr
es
sed
w
i
th Lie
der
i
vatives as
,
21
21
2
1
y
(
t)
0
h
(
)
(
)
(
t)
L
h
(
x
)
0
(
)
(
)
L
(
)
(
t)
f
f
x
Y
t
y
G
x
u
t
hx
y
=
=
+
(22)
wh
e
re
,
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
11
1
22
L
L
h
(
)
L
L
h
(
)
()
L
L
h
(
)
L
L
h
(
)
g
f
g
f
g
f
g
f
xx
Gx
xx
=
,
T
12
L
h
(
x
)
=
[
L
h
(
x
)
L
h
(
x
)
]
,
0
i
2
i
i
i
f
f
f
wh
e
re
,
()
fj
L
h
x
op
e
rator is Li
e
der
i
va
ti
ve
nota
ti
on of
the
functi
on
h
j
with t
he respe
ct
to
f
(x).
The
basic
idea
beh
i
nd
t
he
pr
e
dicti
ve
co
ntr
ol
consi
sts
of
t
he
const
ru
ct
io
n
of
a
co
ntro
l
la
w
u(
t)
a
ble
to
for
ce
the
sy
ste
m
traj
ect
ory
to
f
ollo
w
the
desire
d
tra
je
ct
or
y
i
n
a
f
uture
horiz
on
(t+τ
r
)
.
T
he
co
ntr
ol
la
w
is
obta
ined
thr
ough
the
opt
imi
zat
ion
of
t
he
co
s
t
functi
on
expresse
d
as
,
0
1
(
(
)
y
(
t
)
)
(
y
(
t
)
y
(
t
)
)
d
2
r
T
rr
J
y
t
=
+
−
+
+
−
+
(23)
us
in
g
Tayl
or
s
eries
e
xpansi
on
of
t
he
outp
uts
a
nd
of
the
re
f
eren
ce
ou
t
pu
ts
the
c
os
t
f
un
ct
i
on
ca
n
be
re
w
r
it
te
n
as
[15, 1
8]
:
(
Y
(
)
(
t)
)
(
Y
(
t)
(
t)
)
T
rr
J
t
Y
Y
=
−
−
(24)
wh
e
re
,
(
)
y
(
t)
(
t)
(
t)
T
rr
rr
Y
t
y
y
=
,
(
)
*
2
*
T
r
m
r
y
=
and
23
rr
r
2
×
2
2
×
2
2
×
2
2
3
4
r
r
r
12
2
×
2
2
×
2
2
×
2
0
23
3
4
5
r
r
r
2
×
2
2
×
2
2
×
2
ττ
τ
I
I
I
26
τ
τ
τ
I
I
I
2
3
8
τ
τ
τ
II
T
(
)
T
(
)
I
6
8
20
r
T
T
d
=
=
=
the
opti
mal c
ontr
ol law is
de
du
ce
d b
y
set
ti
ng the
foll
owin
g co
nd
it
io
n,
1
2
3
1
3
1
0
G
(
x
)
G
(
x
)
G
(
x
)
(
)
0
T
TT
J
M
u
t
u
=
+
=
(25)
finall
y
,
the c
on
trol law
u(t) is
ob
ta
ine
d b
y,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
1995
–
2006
2002
1
1
1
3
2
2
2
(
)
(
)
I
T
u
t
G
x
M
−
−
=
−
(26)
the
co
ndit
ion
s
{
22
{
0
}
rr
+
and
{
,
}
0
rr
}
shou
l
d be
fu
lfil
le
d
to i
nv
e
rse
t
he
mat
rix G
1
(
x) [1
5]
.
-
T
l
=K
p
u
m
p
*
ω
²
m
Thr
ee
P
ha
s
e
I
nv
e
rter
C
dc
V
dc
IM
2
.
2
K
w
SV
M
K1
.
.
.
K6
N
o
n
Li
nea
r
P
redi
ci
v
e
C
o
ntr
o
l
(N
P
C
)
ω
m
*
α
-
β
a
bc
U
s
,
a
b
c
Fl
u
x
O
b
se
r
v
e
r
U
α
s
U
β
s
I
α
s
I
β
s
I
α
s
I
β
s
ω
m
ω
m
x
+
I
s
,
a
b
c
C
e
n
t
r
i
f
u
g
a
l
Pu
m
p
U
α
s
*
U
β
s
*
Figure
4
.
Non
-
li
near
pr
e
dicti
ve
contr
ol of i
nduction m
otor
4.
SIMULATI
O
N RESULTS
AND A
NA
L
Y
SIS
The
hybri
d
pu
mp
in
g
sy
ste
m
has
bee
n
te
ste
d
in
M
AT
LA
B
/
Simuli
nkT
M
s
oft
war
e
.
T
he
pr
i
ncipal
data
of
t
he
hybri
d
pum
ping
s
yst
em
a
re
li
ste
d
in
Ta
ble
2
.
Fig
ur
e
5
(a
)
s
how
s
that
li
near
a
nd
sud
den
ir
ra
diance
s
are
a
ppli
ed
t
o
the
s
ys
te
m,
a
nd
the
te
m
perat
ur
e
is
fixe
d
at
25
°
C
value
due
t
o
it
s
li
tt
le
eff
ect
on
powe
r
var
ia
ti
on
.
Fi
gure
5
(b)
descr
i
bes
the
e
voluti
on
of
P
V
volt
age,
the
c
ontr
oller
base
d
on
D
IS
CM
-
M
PP
T
track
s
fastl
y
t
he
refe
r
e
nce
volt
age
V
pv
*
pro
vid
e
d
by
P&
O
al
gorith
m.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
,
a
z
oome
d
vie
w
on
t
he
PV
volt
age
curve
il
lustrate
s
that
the
volt
age
fluct
uatio
ns
are
small
w
hen
t
he
MPP
i
s
reache
d.
In
order
t
o
ma
ke
a
fair
com
par
is
on
po
ssible,
the
desi
gn
e
d
DISMC
-
M
PP
T
is
c
omp
ared
wit
h
both
the
co
nventi
onal
S
M
C
-
M
PP
T
an
d
the
I
SM
C
-
MP
PT
un
der
the
s
ame
ope
rati
ng
conditi
ons
of
t
he
s
ys
te
m.
Fig
ur
e
5
(c
)
a
nd
Table
1
cl
earl
y
show
the
imp
roveme
nt
of
t
h
e
extract
ed
po
wer
. Fr
om si
mu
la
ti
on dat
a, it ca
n
be
obser
ve
d
that t
he
co
nve
ntion
al
SM
C
-
M
PP
T
pres
e
nts
the
hi
gh
est
powe
r
fl
uctuati
on
s
,
the
sl
ow
e
r
tracki
ng
sp
ee
d
an
d
th
e
la
rgest
ste
ady
-
sta
te
error
.
The
ISMC
-
MPPT
in
creases
the
trac
king
sp
ee
d,
but
the
amplit
ude
of
powe
r
os
ci
ll
at
ion
is
not
re
du
ce
d
sign
ific
a
ntly.
I
n
c
ontrast
,
the
D
ISM
-
M
PPT
re
du
ce
s
t
he
a
m
pli
tud
e
of
po
w
er o
sci
ll
at
ion
a
nd
im
pro
ves
t
he
ot
her
performa
nces i
n
c
omparis
on
with
ISMC
-
MPPT
.
Table
1
.
C
omp
ariso
n of
the
MPPT
pro
per
ti
es
in
te
r
ms
of po
wer oscil
la
ti
ons and trac
king
sp
ee
d durin
g
s
udde
n
change
of ir
radi
ance
Ir
radian
ce
(
W
/
m
²)
6
0
0
400 2
0
0
3
0
0
5
0
0
70
0
MPPT
Techn
iq
u
e
Tr
ack.
Power
sp
eed Oscill
.
(m
s
)
(W
)
Tr
ack.
Power
sp
eed Oscill
.
(m
s
)
(W
)
Tr
ack.
Power
sp
eed Oscill
.
(m
s
)
(W
)
Tr
ack.
Power
sp
eed Oscill
.
(m
s
)
(W
)
Tr
ack.
Power
sp
eed Oscill
.
(m
s
)
(W
)
Tr
ack.
Power
sp
eed Oscill
.
(m
s
)
(W
)
SMC
4
0
0
0.8
2
0.3
-
0
.09
-
0
.2
2
0.9
2
0.8
ISM
C
6
9
0.6
1
.2 0
.3
-
0
.07
-
0
.16
1
.85
0.9
1
.8 0
.8
DIS
MC
6
9
0.5
1
0.2
-
0
.05
-
0
.1
1
.5 0
.3
1
.5 0
.6
On
the
oth
e
r
si
de,
t
he
sli
di
ng
mode
c
on
t
ro
l
s
cheme
f
or
t
he
bid
irect
io
nal
c
onve
rter
is
c
ompa
red
with
the
c
onve
ntio
na
l
PI
c
ontrol
s
cheme.
Fig
ur
e
s
6
(a
)
present
s
the
regulat
ed
DC
-
li
nk
volt
age
with
bo
t
h
c
on
t
ro
l
strat
egies.
F
or
the
P
I
-
base
d
c
on
t
ro
ll
er,
it
ca
n
b
e
seen
that
the
DC
-
li
nk
vol
ta
ge
m
oves
aw
ay
from
it
s
refe
ren
ce
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Ro
bu
st
non
-
li
ne
ar
c
ontrol
of
a hybri
d
w
ater
pum
ping syste
m ba
se
d o
n
i
nduction m
otor (
Za
k
ar
ia
Massa
q)
2003
wh
e
n
t
he
bid
ir
ect
ion
al
c
onve
rter
s
witc
hes
f
rom
on
e
m
od
e
(c
hargin
g/d
isc
hargin
g)
to
an
oth
e
r.
O
n
the
oth
e
r
hand,
the
DC
-
li
nk
volt
age
is
accuratel
y
re
gula
te
d
with
t
he
sli
ding
m
ode
con
t
ro
ll
ers
,
in
th
is
case,
the
s
ys
te
m
pr
ese
nts
a
n
i
ns
ig
nificant
dro
p
of
volt
ag
e
an
d
s
hort
s
et
ti
ng
ti
me
w
hen
the
opera
ti
ng
mode
c
ha
ng
e
s
.
Fu
rt
hermo
re,
t
he
volt
age
ri
pple
s
are
reduce
d
with
the
pr
opos
e
d
co
ntr
oller
.
The
sta
te
of
c
harge
(
SO
C
)
s
how
n
in
Fig
ur
e
6
(
b)
re
flect
s
the
ba
tt
ery’s
c
harg
ing
/disc
hargi
ng
m
odes.
T
he
SO
C
inc
reases
when
t
he
batte
ry
is
chargin
g
a
nd
vi
ce
ver
sa.
Fig
ure
6
(c)
s
how
s
that
the
in
du
ct
or
L
B
op
e
rates
in
CC
M
m
ode,
the
batte
r
y
rec
ei
ves
the
c
urren
t
f
rom
the
DC
-
bus
durin
g
cha
rg
i
ng
(i
LB
ne
gative
)
a
nd
deliver
s
t
h
e
c
urre
nt
to
D
C
-
bus
f
or
the
ti
me
of
discha
rg
e
(
i
LB
po
sit
ive
).
It
can
be
obse
rv
e
d
f
r
om
Fi
gure
7
(a
)
that
the
non
-
li
nea
r
pr
e
dicti
ve
co
nt
ro
ll
er
trac
ks
t
he
ref
e
ren
ce
sp
ee
d
with
a
very
fast
dyna
mic.
T
he
el
ect
romag
netic
to
r
qu
e
c
urve
pr
e
sents
reduce
d
rip
ples
beca
use
the
curves
of
sta
to
r
c
urre
nts
a
re
qu
it
e
cl
os
e
to
t
he
sin
us
oi
d
f
orm,
w
hich
is
de
picte
d
in
Fig
ur
e
7
(
b)
an
d
Fi
gure
7
(
c).
Fig
ur
e
7
(
d) sho
ws
that t
he
d
eco
upli
ng
be
tween th
e
flu
x
an
d
the t
orq
ue
is achieve
d
a
ccur
at
el
y beca
us
e the
flu
x
sta
ys
cl
ose
to
it
s
re
fer
e
nc
e.
Si
nce
t
he
NP
C
c
ontr
oller
track
s
th
e
ref
e
ren
ce
s
peed
wi
th
high
perf
ormance,
the
centrif
ugal
pump
pa
rame
te
rs
(f
l
owrate
,
hydrauli
c
po
wer
)
are
im
prov
e
d.
Fig
ur
e
7
(e
)
a
nd
Fig
ure
7
(
f)
il
lustrate
that these
par
a
mete
r
s foll
ow ex
act
l
y
thei
r
re
fere
nc
es.
(a)
(
b)
(c)
Figure
5.
Sim
ul
at
ion
r
es
ults
of the
P
V
ar
ra
y para
mete
rs u
nder linear
a
nd sudd
e
n
i
rr
a
dianc
es.
(a)
Irra
diance,
(b)
P
V v
oltage,
(
c)
T
he
e
xtract
ed
P
V p
ow
e
r f
or d
if
fer
e
nt m
e
thods
Table
2.
H
ybrid
water
pum
pin
g sy
ste
m
par
a
mete
rs
Para
m
eter
Valu
e
PV ar
ray
Cu
rr
en
t at
m
ax
im
u
m
po
wer
(
I
mp
)
1
7
.68
A
Vo
ltag
e at
m
ax
im
u
m
po
wer
(
V
mp
)
204V
Maximu
m
po
wer (
P
m
)
at S
TC
3
6
0
6
.7
2
W
Ind
u
ctio
n
M
o
to
r
Drive
Rated
po
wer
(P
m
)
2
2
0
0
W
Rated
sp
eed (
ω
r
)
1
4
3
0
r
p
m
Rated
f
requ
en
cy
(
f
)
No
m
in
al
v
o
ltag
e (
L
-
L)
5
0
Hz
230V
Rated
f
lu
x
(
r
)
0
.6W
b
Cen
trif
u
g
al Pump
Rated
pu
m
p
in
g
f
lo
w (
Q
r
)
10m
3
/h
Rated
pu
m
p
in
g
head
(
H
r
)
50m
Pu
m
p
con
stan
t (
K
p
u
m
p
)
6
.55
×1
0
-
4
W
/(r
/s)
3
Battery
Pack
No
m
in
al vo
ltag
e (
V
B
)
192V
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
4
,
D
ecembe
r
2020
:
1995
–
2006
2004
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
6.
Sim
ul
at
ion
r
es
ults
of
batte
ry
pa
ram
et
ers
un
der dif
f
eren
t l
oad v
a
ri
at
ion
s
.
(a)
DC
-
li
nk
vo
lt
age for
both
PI
a
nd S
M
C
m
et
hods
,
(b) st
at
e of c
harge, (c)
the ind
ucto
r
c
urren
t i
LB
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.