Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ow
er El
ectron
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ys
te
m
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
9
, No
.
2
,
J
un
e
201
8
, pp.
7
22
~
7
29
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
9.i
2
.
pp
722
-
729
722
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
escore.c
om/j
ourn
als/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJPE
D
S
Sm
ar
t Moni
tori
ng Syste
m of DC
to DC conv
erter
for
Photov
oltaic
App
lication
Jameel
K
ad
hi
m A
be
d
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
T
ec
hn
ic
a
l
Eng
ineeri
ng
Coll
ege
,
Middl
e
Techni
c
al Univ
ersity
,
Baghd
ad,
Ira
q
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Dec
13, 201
7
Re
vised Jan
22
, 2018
Accepte
d
Fe
b 14,
2018
Thi
s
pape
r
pre
se
nts
a
new
s
m
art
m
onit
oring
s
y
ste
m
designe
d
base
d
on
dc
to
dc
conve
rt
er
for
photovol
ta
i
c
ap
pli
c
at
ion
.
Thi
s
sy
stem
design
accordi
ng
two
par
ts
to
m
onit
or
input
-
output
vo
lt
ag
es
and
cur
r
e
nts
for
dc/
dc
co
nver
te
r
,
(a)
cont
rol
s
y
stem:
t
he
cont
ro
l
s
y
s
tem
using
Arduino
NA
NO
as
m
ic
roc
ontroller
to
rea
d
the
m
eas
uring
volt
age
and
cur
ren
t
v
alues
from
sensor
ci
rcu
i
ts
of
volt
ag
e
and
cur
r
ent
.
Th
e
m
ea
sur
ing
da
ta
send
b
y
B
lue
t
ooth
HC
-
05
to
end
user
(m
onit
or
sy
stem).
B
lue
too
th
as
wire
l
ess
comm
unic
at
ion
bet
wee
n
t
h
e
cont
rol
s
y
s
te
m
and
m
onit
oring
s
y
stem
(en
d
use
rs).
(b)
m
onit
oring
sy
st
em:
The
m
onit
oring
s
y
stem
appl
ication
progra
m
as
a
new
appl
icati
on
designe
d
to
m
onit
or
the
rece
ive
d
d
at
a
from
c
ontrol
s
y
s
te
m
fr
om
safe
t
y
dist
an
ce
(
aro
und
10m
).
the
appl
i
ca
t
ion
progra
m
designe
d
b
y
the
open
sourc
e
App
y
Bui
lder
software
.
The
A
pp
y
Bui
lde
r
is
a
n
open
sourc
e
software
for
e
asily
buil
d
in
g
Android
sm
art
p
hone
appl
i
ca
t
ion
.
The
adva
n
ta
g
e
s
of
the
fina
l
ci
r
cui
t
c
an
be
used
to
m
onit
or
step
-
up
or
step
-
down
topol
o
gie
s,
low
-
cost
,
and
high
-
eff
iciency
per
fo
r
m
anc
e.
Ke
yw
or
d:
Androi
d
Ardu
i
no
DC/DC c
onve
r
te
r
HC
-
05
Sm
art
m
on
it
or
Vo
lt
age
and c
urre
nt se
ns
or
Copyright
©
201
8
Ins
t
it
ut
e
o
f
Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
e
er
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Jam
ee
l Kadhim
A
bed
,
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
T
ec
hn
ic
a
l
Eng
ineeri
ng
Coll
ege
,
Middle
Te
chn
ica
l
Univer
si
t
y
,
Ba
ghdad,
I
raq
.
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Du
e
t
o
cha
ng
e
s
in
te
chnolo
gy
,
Ther
e
is
a
n
ongoin
g
ev
olu
t
ion
in
the
s
urv
ei
ll
ance
syst
e
m
s,
especial
l
y
in
the
m
edical
,
industrial
a
nd
ge
ner
al
se
rv
ic
es
in
dustr
y
fo
r
i
nd
i
viduals
[1
-
9].
T
he
pu
rpose
of
these
te
chnolo
gies
a
nd
m
od
er
n
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
is
to
increa
se
the
r
el
ia
bili
ty
of
th
e
de
vices,
pro
vid
e
co
nvenie
nce
t
o
consum
ers
an
d
e
nsure
the
safety
of
wor
ker
s
in
the
c
ontr
ol
an
d
m
onit
or
in
g
of
el
ect
rical
and
el
ec
t
ronic
instru
m
ent.
In
this
pa
per
a
new
sm
art
m
on
it
or
ing
sy
stem
fo
r
DC/DC
conve
rter.
This
syst
e
m
i
s
cal
le
d
her
e:
“Sm
art
Mon
it
ori
ng
Syst
em
of
DC
t
o
DC
c
onve
rter
f
or
P
hoto
vo
lt
ai
c
App
li
cat
ion
”
(S
M
S
).
Fig
ur
e
1.
P
r
esent
the
f
ull
m
on
ito
ri
ng
syst
e
m
of
DC/DC
c
onve
r
te
r.
T
he
m
ai
n
obj
ect
iv
e
of
this
pap
e
r
is
to
ac
hiev
e
sm
art
m
on
it
or
ing
a
nd contr
ol syst
em
b
ased on
an em
bed
de
d
s
olut
ion
. T
he
SMS
can b
e
div
ide
d i
nto
tw
o
par
ts
wh
ic
h
are:
co
ntr
ol
a
nd
m
on
it
or
i
ng
c
ircuit
an
d
A
ndro
i
d
sm
artpho
ne
m
on
it
or
i
ng
app
li
cat
io
n.
A)The
m
eas
ur
in
g
an
d
con
t
ro
l ci
rc
uit can b
e
div
ide
d i
nto
four p
a
rts: 1)
D
C t
o DC conve
rter circu
it
co
nnect
ed
to
phot
ovoltai
c cel
ls or
DC
powe
r
sup
ply[1
0
-
13]
,
Th
is
ci
rcu
it
has
be
en
us
e
d
f
or
t
he
pur
pose
of
m
easur
in
g
volt
ages
an
d
cu
rre
nt
on
input
and
out
put.
2)
Vo
lt
age/
Current
sens
or
ci
rcu
it
,
this
cir
cuit
us
e
d
to
m
easur
e
DC
volt
age/cu
rr
e
nt
for
the
DC/DC
c
onve
rter.
3)
A
n
A
r
du
i
no
Na
no
3.0
as
a
m
ic
ro
con
t
ro
ll
er
unit
.
This
m
ic
ro
co
nt
ro
ll
er
was
us
e
d
re
ad
data
f
ro
m
sen
so
rs
unit
s
the
n
Ardu
i
no
sen
d
m
easur
in
g
da
ta
to
A
ndr
oid
sm
artp
hone
(end
us
er
)
by
usi
ng
wireless
c
omm
un
ic
at
io
n
syst
e
m
[1]
,
[2]
,
[14
-
18]
.
T
he
m
ai
n
adv
a
ntage
of
usi
ng
t
his
c
on
t
rol
le
r
is
beca
us
e
it
is
cheap
unit
as
well
as
op
e
n
s
ource
co
de
a
ppli
cat
ion
[
19]
.
4)
HC
-
5
Bl
uetoo
t
h
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
de
vice
[
20
-
22
]
,
Bl
uetoo
t
h
is
one
o
f
the
de
vi
ces
us
ed
for
wireless
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
.
B)
A
ndr
oid
sm
artp
hone
m
on
it
or
in
g
app
li
cat
io
n,
t
hi
s
app
li
cat
io
n
desig
ne
d
by
us
in
g
A
pp
y
Buil
de
[
23]
.
The
AppyBuil
de
is
a
n
op
e
n
-
s
ource
env
i
ronm
ent
app
li
cat
io
n
to
c
r
eat
e
andr
oid
s
m
artphon
e
ap
pl
ic
at
ion
.
the
ad
van
ta
g
e
of
this
w
ork
is
t
o
de
s
cribes
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
Syst
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Smart M
onit
ori
ng
Syste
m of
DC to
D
C c
on
vert
er for P
hotovoltaic
Ap
plicati
on
(
Ja
meel
Kadhim
Ab
e
d
)
723
an
ope
n
source
evo
l
ution
of
t
hat
prototyp
e,
in
orde
r
to
ob
ta
in
a
new
m
on
it
or
i
ng
a
nd
c
ontr
ol
syst
e
m
at
a
l
owe
r
cost a
nd w
it
h i
ncr
ease
d reli
ab
il
ity of
t
he
in
strum
ent
[18][
22]
.
The
or
gan
iz
e
d
of
this
pap
e
r
is
:
Sect
ion
2
P
rovid
e
rele
van
t
work
a
nd
resea
rch.
Sect
ion
3
Pr
ese
nts
the
m
on
it
or
ing
sys
tem
of
DC/DC
conver
te
r
(
ha
r
dw
a
re
an
d
software
).
Sect
io
n
4
discuss
e
s
the
pr
act
ic
al
syst
e
m
hard
war
e a
nd s
m
artphon
e
app
li
cat
ion
. F
i
nally
, S
ect
ion 5
s
hows
concl
us
io
ns
a
nd fu
rther
works
.
Figure
1. F
ull
Mon
it
ori
ng Sy
stem
D
ia
gr
am
for DC t
o DC
Co
nverte
r
2.
C
URRENT
R
ESE
ARCH
WORKS
In
this
sect
io
n,
a
si
m
il
ar
research
e
xh
i
biti
on
will
be
propose
d
in
this
researc
h.
I
n
r
ecent
ye
ars,
academ
ic
resea
rch
on
intel
li
ge
nt
and
sm
art
m
on
it
or
ing
a
nd
co
ntr
ol
te
chni
qu
es
has
incre
ased
in
al
l
fiel
ds
as
a
resu
lt
of
t
hese
te
chnolo
gies
of
be
ne
fit
to
s
oc
ie
ty
.
Re
po
rts
in
the
U
nited
Stat
es
ind
ic
at
e
a
n
inc
rease
t
he
prof
it
s
resu
lt
in
g
from
increase
d
sal
es
of
eq
uip
m
ent,
sens
or
s
a
nd
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
relat
ed
to
sm
art
m
o
n
it
or
i
ng
a
nd
c
ontr
ol
te
chnolo
gies.
The
in
crease
i
n
e
qu
i
pm
ent
is
m
a
inly
in
sm
a
rt
gri
d
se
nsor
netw
orks,
sm
a
rt
hom
es
and
m
edical
app
li
cat
io
ns
.
I
n
te
rm
s
of
software
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
is
ho
w
to
m
on
it
or
th
ese
de
vices
by
us
in
g
sm
art
phone
app
li
cat
io
n
or
com
pu
te
rs
s
of
t
wa
re
f
ro
m
long
distance[
5].
Table
1
P
rese
nt
the
relat
ed
w
ork
for
t
he
la
st
thre
e
ye
ars
accor
ding
to
fiel
d
ap
plica
ti
on
,
ty
pe
of
m
on
it
or
in
g
syst
e
m
,
ty
pe
of
m
ic
ro
co
ntro
ll
e
r,
ty
pe
of
se
nsor
a
nd
finely
ty
pe of
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
syst
e
m
.
Table
1.
Rel
at
e
d work f
or the
la
st Thr
ee
yea
r
s
3.
SMA
RT
M
ONI
TO
RI
NG SY
STE
M DE
SCRIPTIO
N
The
sm
art
m
on
it
or
i
ng
syst
e
m
of
DC/DC
conve
rter
in
F
igure
1
ca
n
be
div
ide
d
int
o
two
par
ts,
m
easur
in
g
an
d
con
tr
ol
syst
em
(p
racti
cal
sy
stem
design
)
and
m
on
it
or
i
ng
ap
plica
ti
on
so
ft
war
e
(sm
a
rtp
hone
m
on
it
or
ing ap
pl
ic
at
ion
).
3.1. Me
as
urin
g and
C
ontro
Sy
s
tem
(Pr
acti
cal System
Desi
gn
)
The
m
easur
in
g
an
d
c
on
t
ro
l
sy
stem
in
the
Fi
gure
1a
,
it
has
been
de
sig
ned
to
m
easur
e
a
nd
co
ntr
ol
the
vo
lt
age
a
nd
cu
rr
e
nt
of
DC/D
C
conver
te
r
sy
stem
.
Then
the
Ardu
i
no
Nano
wa
s
us
e
d
as
a
m
ic
ro
con
t
ro
l
le
r
to
read
volt
age/c
urren
t
from
the
input
a
nd
ou
tpu
t
se
nsors
of
DC/DC
c
onve
rter
ci
rc
uit.
A
fter
r
eadi
ng
da
ta
,
the
m
ic
ro
co
ntro
ll
e
r
pr
ese
nt
t
he
m
easur
in
g
res
ult
on
LCD
a
nd
se
nd
the
sa
m
e
data
by
us
ing
Bl
ueto
oth
to
end
m
on
it
or
ing use
r.
The practi
cal
c
ircuit
of th
e m
e
asur
i
ng and c
ontr
ol syst
em
in
cl
ud
es
the
fo
ll
ow
i
ng m
ai
n
unit
s:
1.
DC/DC C
on
ver
te
r
unit
2.
V
oltage/
cu
rrent se
ns
or
unit
3.
HC
-
5
Bl
ueto
oth
unit
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
I
nt J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
Syst
, Vol.
9
, N
o.
2
,
J
une
2018 :
7
2
2
–
7
2
9
724
4.
Ard
uino
Na
no 3.0 u
nit
The
m
ai
n
unit
s of the
pract
ic
al
syst
e
m
are
show
n
i
n
Fi
gure
2.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Figure
2. Ma
in
Pr
act
ic
al
Unit
es:
(
a)
D
C/
DC
Converte
r Un
it
, (b) V
oltage/
C
urren
t
Senso
r Un
it
, (c)
Bl
uet
oo
t
h
HC
-
05, (d
) Ar
du
i
no N
a
no
3.0
3.1.1. D
C/D
C Conver
ter
Uni
t
The
ci
rcu
it
dia
gr
am
of
DC
to
DC
conver
te
r
un
it
e
in
the
Figure
2a
is
pr
e
sent
in
the
Fig
ur
e
3.
Thi
s
ci
rcu
it
is
de
sign
e
d
base
on
XL
6009E1
as
a
re
gu
la
t
or
ci
rcu
it
[
25]
.
T
he
XL
6009E
1
desig
ne
d
as
a
sp
eci
al
regulat
or
can
be
us
e
d
in
bac
k
and
boost
co
nverter.
T
he
m
ain
ad
va
ntage
of
The
XL
6009E
1
,
t
he
outp
ut
r
esult
of
volt
age
an
d
current
is
sta
bl
e
due
t
o
the
c
urre
nt
m
od
e
a
rc
hitec
ture.
T
he
m
ai
n
pro
per
ti
e
s
of
t
he
XL
6009E
1
is
pr
ese
nted
in
t
he
Tab
le
2.
Figure
3. DC t
o DC
Co
nverte
r
Ci
r
c
uit
Table
2.
T
he
Ma
in Pro
per
ti
e
s of the
XL6
00
9E
1
[
25]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
Syst
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Smart M
onit
ori
ng
Syste
m of
DC to
D
C c
on
vert
er for P
hotovoltaic
Ap
plicati
on
(
Ja
meel
Kadhim
Ab
e
d
)
725
3.1.2. V
olt
ag
e/
Cu
rren
t
se
nsor unit
The
volt
age/c
urre
nt
m
easur
ing
ci
rc
uit
of
D
to
Dc
c
onver
t
er
in
Fig
ure
2b
is
show
n
in
the
Fig
ur
e
4
.
This
ci
rcu
it
is
desig
ned
base
d
on
the
MA
X47
1
[
26
]
.
T
he
MA
X
471
IC
is
a
bidi
recti
on
al
am
pl
ifie
r
for
hi
gh
c
urren
t
sense
is
u
se
d
t
o
m
easur
e
dc v
oltage a
nd c
urr
ent. T
he
Ma
i
n pro
per
ti
es
of
MAX
471 IC is
present i
n
Ta
bl
e 3
.
Figure
4. V
o
lt
age/C
urre
nt Op
erati
on Ci
rcu
it
Table
3.
T
he
Ma
in Pro
per
ti
e
s of the
MA
X471[
24
]
3.1.3. HC
-
5
Bl
uet
ooth
Un
it
The
Bl
ueto
ot
h
HC
-
05
de
vice
is
sh
ow
n
in
the
Fig
ur
e
2c
was
use
d
t
o
com
m
un
ic
at
e
betwee
n
the
m
easur
in
g
ci
r
cuit
accor
ding
the
m
ic
ro
cont
ro
ll
er
an
d
m
on
it
ori
ng
ci
rc
uit
app
li
cat
ion(en
d
us
e
r).
Th
e
m
ai
n
pro
per
ti
es
of
Bl
uetoo
t
h
HC
-
05
is,
IS
M
fr
e
quency
band
(
2.4GHz)
,
P
ow
e
r
su
pply
(
3.3VVd
c
50m
A)
,
w
orki
ng
tem
per
at
ur
e
(
–
25 ~ +
75)o C, t
he
sy
nchron
ous (1Mb
ps
/1M
bps)
and t
he
tra
ns
m
it
p
ow
er
(C
la
ss 2
,
≤4d
B
m
).
3.1.4. Ard
uino
Nan
o 3.0
Un
i
t
The
Ard
uino
Nano
3.0
i
n
t
he
Fi
gure
2d
i
s
the
m
ai
n
unit
in
the
c
ontr
ol
ci
rcu
it
to
rea
d
dat
a
f
ro
m
sens
or
s
a
nd
se
nd
th
e
m
easur
ing
resu
lt
s.
T
he
Ardu
i
no
Nano
is
fr
om
a
fa
m
i
ly
of
ATm
ega3
28
m
ic
ro
con
t
ro
ll
er
that
has
6
P
WM
pi
ns
,
8
analo
g
I/
O
Pi
ns
,
22
dig
it
al
input/
ou
t
pu
t
pi
ns
,
16
M
Hz
a
s
Cl
ock
S
pee
d,
flas
h
Mem
or
y,
EEP
ROM
and
SRAM
(32
KB,
1KB
an
d
2KB)
,
40
m
A
DC
Current
pe
r
I/
O
Pins
a
nd
5V
as
an
Op
e
rati
ng
V
oltage.
Fig
ur
e
5.
sh
ows
t
he
m
ain
wi
ndow
us
ed
to
pro
gram
s
all
ty
pes
of
A
rdu
ino
m
ic
ro
co
ntr
oller
s
by u
si
ng the
C
la
nguag
e
.
Figure
5. Ma
in
scr
ee
n of A
rduin
o
Pl
at
f
or
m
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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S
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:
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694
I
nt J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
Syst
, Vol.
9
, N
o.
2
,
J
une
2018 :
7
2
2
–
7
2
9
726
3.2. M
on
it
orin
g
Ap
pli
ca
tio
n
So
f
tweae
(
Sm
artphon
e
M
oni
to
ri
n
g Applic
at
i
on
)
Mon
it
ori
ng
Syst
e
m
app
li
cat
ion
softwa
re
is
de
sign
e
d
to
inst
al
le
d
on
a
ndro
i
d
sm
artph
one
instr
um
ent.
This
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
desig
n
by
usi
ng
A
pp
y
bu
il
der.
A
ppyb
uilder
or
cal
le
d
AI
Li
veCom
plete
is
an
Dev
el
op
m
ent
En
vironm
ents
for
A
ndr
oid
A
pp
li
cat
io
ns
.
T
he
m
a
in
scree
n
of
A
pp
yB
uilde
r
in
t
he
Fig
ure
6.
is
a
n
op
e
n
s
ource
so
ft
war
e
f
or
ea
sil
y bu
il
ding
A
ndr
oid
sm
artphon
e
appli
cat
ion. Th
e
w
e
b
sit
e
screen
h
as
s
patia
l par
am
et
er i
n
le
f
t
side
li
ke
(
te
xt
box,
Com
m
on
butt
on,
ti
m
er,
la
bel
…et
c.)
,
m
ai
n
desig
n
sc
reen
i
n
the
m
e
dd
le
of
wi
ndow
a
nd
the pr
op
e
rtie
s
of p
a
ram
et
er li
ke (f
on
t,
co
l
or,
size ..etc.
)
i
n
r
igh
t.
Figure
6. Ma
in
Sc
ree
n of A
pp
ybuilde
r
We
bs
i
te
4.
E
X
PE
RM
I
NTAL
RES
U
LT
S
The
Fi
nal
ha
rdwar
e
syst
em
of
DC
t
o
DC
c
onve
rter
with
photov
oltai
c
app
li
cat
io
n
is
s
how
n
in
t
he
Figure
7,
the
s
yst
e
m
con
sist
s
of
six units,
w
hich
are:
(
1)
D
C/
DC
conver
te
r
ci
rcu
it
,
(
2)
A
r
du
i
no
N
an
o,
(
3)
HC
-
5
Bl
ueto
oth
co
m
m
un
ic
at
ion
s
yst
e
m
,
(4
)
Vo
l
ta
ge
an
d
C
ur
re
nt
sens
ors,
(5)
LCD
2/16,
(6)
ph
otovo
lt
ai
c
cel
ls
and
Sim
ple
resist
ive
load.
Fig
ur
e
9.
Sho
ws
the
fu
ll
co
nn
ect
ion
of
al
l
co
m
po
ne
nts
co
nn
e
ct
ed
tog
et
her
an
d
ho
w
can
w
ork,
in
orde
r
to
rea
d
th
e
data
fr
om
sensors
unit
’s
an
d
show
how
th
e
resu
lt
s
pr
e
se
nts
by
the
LCD
unit
befor
e
se
nd it
b
y t
he HC
-
5
Bl
ueto
oth
.
The
dev
ic
e
has
bee
n
te
ste
d
by
chec
ked
the
se
ns
ors
value
s
(
m
easur
in
g
values)
of
c
urren
t
and
volt
ag
e
,
as
well
as
c
om
par
e
the
res
ults
on
th
e
L
CD
scree
n
with
the
data
s
en
t
to
the
sm
artpho
ne
a
pp
li
cat
ion
.
T
he
m
on
it
or
ing
dat
a
we
re
ta
ken
by
the
sm
artpho
ne
a
ppli
cat
ion
from
a
distanc
e
of
le
ss
tha
n
10
m
et
ers
du
e
to
th
e
HC
-
5
Bl
uet
oo
t
h dev
ic
e.
Figure
8.
pr
es
ent
the
fl
ow
c
ha
rt
of
DC/DC
conve
rter.
Fi
gure
8a
is
sho
w
ho
w
the
m
i
cro
c
ontrolle
r
syst
e
m
send
th
e
inf
or
m
at
ion
resu
lt
s
by
HC
-
5
Bl
ueto
oth
a
f
t
er
the
A
r
du
i
no
Na
no
rea
d
da
ta
(
DC
vo
lt
ag
e
an
d
current
)
from
i
nput
a
nd
ou
t
put
sens
or
s
unit
e
s,
Norm
ally
the
HC
-
5
Bl
ueto
oth
de
vice
c
onnected
aut
om
atical
ly
to
m
ic
ro
con
tr
ol
le
r
to
m
ake
it
as
avail
able.
B
efore
se
nd
i
ng
data
by
Bl
uet
ooth
t
he
m
e
asuri
ng
res
ults
pre
sented
on
LCD
un
it
e.
Figure
8b
s
ho
ws
t
he
flo
wch
a
rt
of
m
on
it
ori
ng
syst
em
,
the
m
on
it
or
ing
sys
tem
or
t
he
m
onit
or
in
g
pro
gr
am
is
a
sm
artphon
e
ap
pl
ic
at
ion
pro
gra
m
,
this
pr
og
ra
m
read
s
the
da
ta
sent
by
th
e
co
ntr
ol
syst
em
of
vo
lt
age
an
d
c
urre
nt
f
or
in
pu
t
and
outp
ut
of
DC/DC
c
onvert
er.
Be
f
or
e
the
data
pr
ese
nte
d
on
t
he
sm
artpho
ne
app
li
cat
io
n,
t
he
ap
plica
ti
on
pro
gr
am
firstly
need
to
searc
h
an
d
c
onnect
t
o
Bl
uet
oo
t
h
will
be
a
vaila
ble
of
the
con
t
ro
l sy
ste
m
. F
ig
ur
e
8
a
. Pre
sent the
H
C
-
5
Bl
uetoo
t
h
sea
r
chin
g win
dow of t
he
sm
artphon
e
appli
cat
ion.
Figure
9.
prese
nt
the
final
windows
of
DC/
DC
co
nverte
r
m
on
it
or
ing
pro
gr
am
.
In
Fig
ure
9(
a
)
s
ho
w
the
HC
-
5
Bl
uetoo
th
sea
rch
w
indow,
this
window
us
e
d
to
locking
an
d
co
nn
ect
with
a
va
il
able
Bl
uetoo
th
of
con
t
ro
l
syst
em
.
Fi
gure
9(b)
a
nd
(c)
is
prese
nt
the
final
window
of
m
on
it
or
i
ng
a
pp
li
cat
ion
befo
re
an
d
after
connecte
d
t
o
Bl
uetoo
t
h
res
pe
ct
ively
to
m
o
nitor
the
m
easur
i
ng
values
of
volt
age
an
d
current
w
as
se
nd
fro
m
con
t
ro
l
syst
em
.
The
m
ai
n
window
of
the
s
m
art
m
on
it
or
ing
a
ppli
c
at
ion
of
DC/
DC
co
nv
e
rter
in
t
he
Figure
9(b)
a
nd(c
)
c
onte
nt
fiel
ds
t
o
volt
age
a
nd
cu
r
ren
t
read
i
ng
va
lues
of
i
nput
and
outp
ut
of
con
t
ro
l
syst
em
,
t
w
o
bo
tt
om
for
Bl
ue
too
th
co
nnect
ed
an
d
disco
nnect
ed,
Finely
so
m
e
info
rm
ation
a
bout
the
Au
t
hor
a
nd
his
wor
k
place
w
as
add
e
d
in m
ai
n
window.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
Syst
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Smart M
onit
ori
ng
Syste
m of
DC to
D
C c
on
vert
er for P
hotovoltaic
Ap
plicati
on
(
Ja
meel
Kadhim
Ab
e
d
)
727
Figure
6. Final
Hea
dw
ea
r Sy
stem
of
M
onit
or
ing
DC/DC
C
onve
rter
with
P
ho
t
ovoltai
c
C
el
l
5.
CON
CLUSIONS
AN
D
F
UTU
RE W
O
RK
The
sm
art
m
on
it
or
in
g
syst
e
m
(S
MS)
of
DC/
D
C
conver
te
r
i
n
this
pap
e
r
is
de
sign
e
d
an
d
im
plem
ented
the
final
ci
rcu
i
t
to
m
easur
e
volt
age/cu
rr
e
nt
input
an
d
outp
ut
of
lo
w
pow
er
DC/
DC
co
nverter
.
I
n
t
his
pap
e
r,
HC
-
5
Bl
uet
oo
t
h
was
us
e
d
a
s
a
c
omm
un
ic
a
ti
on
syst
em
betwe
en
the
c
ontrol
syst
em
(f
in
al
ci
rcu
it
of
D
C/
DC
conve
rter)
a
nd
end
us
er
(sm
a
rtp
hone
ap
plica
ti
on
us
e
r).
Ne
w
sm
artph
one
app
li
cat
io
n
des
ign
by
AppyBuil
de
r
so
ft
war
e
, Ap
py
Buil
der
s
of
t
w
are is a
n op
e
n source
pro
gr
a
m
to d
esi
gn An
droid
sm
art instru
m
ent ap
plic
at
ion
.
T
he
ad
va
ntage
s
of
the
final
ci
rcu
it
can
be
us
e
d
to
m
on
it
or
ste
p
-
up
or
s
te
p
-
dow
n
topo
log
ie
s,
lo
w
-
c
ost
,
and
high
-
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy
per
f
or
m
ance.
The
m
on
it
or
in
g
syst
e
m
us
es
a
new
an
droid
sm
artph
on
e
a
ppli
cat
ion
desi
gned
by
MIT
A
pp
I
nv
ento
r
2.
T
his
app
li
cat
io
n
rec
ei
ves
the
t
hr
e
e
phase
RM
S
vo
lt
a
ge
an
d
current
data
f
r
om
the
Bl
uetoo
t
h dev
i
ce (
HC
-
05).
Th
e SV
CM
S
h
as
been te
ste
d
s
uc
cessf
ully
.
The
fu
t
ur
e
w
ork
of
t
he
syst
e
m
in
this
pa
pe
r
(S
MS
)
a
re,(1
)
to
a
pp
ly
the
s
a
m
e
syst
e
m
to
m
easur
e
a
nd
m
on
it
or
high
vo
lt
age
a
nd
cu
rr
e
nt
off
DC/DC
co
nv
e
rter
by
rep
la
ce
t
he
m
easur
in
g
se
ns
ors
,
(
2)
r
epl
ace
the
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
syst
e
m
(Bluetooth)
by
I
nter
net
of
T
hings
(
IO
T
)
or
LoRa
Com
m
un
ic
at
io
n
te
chnolo
gy.
These
te
chnolo
gies is
the
fu
t
ur
e
of c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
of sm
art
m
on
it
or
i
ng syst
em
s
.
(a)
(b
)
Figure
7. Flo
w
char
t
of Co
ntr
ol
System
o
f D
C/
DC Co
nv
e
rter: (a
)
Co
ntr
ol
Syst
e
m
Flow
c
har
t;
(b)
Sm
artpho
ne
App
li
cat
io
n Fl
ow
c
ha
rt
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
I
nt J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
Syst
, Vol.
9
, N
o.
2
,
J
une
2018 :
7
2
2
–
7
2
9
728
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
9.
W
i
ndow
s
of
DC/DC
Co
nv
e
rter
A
ppli
cat
ion
: (a
) H
C
-
5
Bl
ueto
oth
Searc
hing
W
i
ndow;
(b)
Ma
in
Applic
at
ion
Window Bef
or
e
Bl
uetoo
t
h
Co
nnect
ed;
(c) M
ai
n Appli
cat
ion
W
i
ndow
with
Re
su
lt
s af
te
r
Bl
uetoo
t
h
C
onne
ct
ed
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
M.
J.
Mnati
,
A.
Van
den
Boss
c
he,
and
R.
Chis
ab,
“
A
S
m
art
V
olt
ag
e
and
Curre
nt
Monitori
ng
S
y
stem
for
Thre
e
Phase
Inve
rt
ers U
sing a
n
Androi
d
Sm
art
phone
A
ppli
c
at
ion
,
”
Sens
ors
,
vol. 17, no.
4,
p
.
872
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“
Monit
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g
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Soil
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UNO
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ICACCS
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ce
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ll
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l
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sign
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-
D
C
Convert
er
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,
”
vol
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no.
2
OP
-
TEL
KOMNIKA
(
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ati
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Computing
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e
ct
ronics
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Control)
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2016,
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“
Online
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onit
oring
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d
conne
cted
resi
dent
i
al
photovoltaic
s
y
stem
usin
g
zi
gbe
e and
web
serve
r,”
Indone
s
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J. Ele
c
tr. Eng.
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V.
R.
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i,
K.
Matc
h
a,
and
R.
R.
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“
Rea
l
T
ime
Dom
esti
c
Pow
er
Consumpti
on
Monitor
in
g
using
W
ire
le
s
s
Sensor Net
works
,
”
vol
.
5
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no
.
4
,
pp.
685
–
694
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20
15.
[13]
H.
Khos
roshahi
and
H.
Shahinz
a
deh,
“
Secur
ity
T
ec
hnolog
y
b
y
us
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Firewa
ll
for
Sm
art
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”
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l.
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tr.
Eng.
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[14]
Avail
ab
le
on
li
n
e
:
h
tt
ps:/
/www
.
ar
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c
c .
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K.
R.
As
ha,
P.
S.
Ta
sle
em,
A.
V.
R.
Kum
ar,
S.
M.
Sw
amy
,
and
K.
R.
Rekh
a,
“
Re
al
Time
Sp
eed
Control
of
a
DC
Motor
by
Temperature
Variat
ion
Us
ing
LabVIEW
and
Arduino
,
”
2017
Int.
Conf.
Rec
en
t
Adv.
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tr
on
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M.
Ely
aqou
ti,
S.
Hakim,
S.
Farh
at
,
L.
Bouhou
ch,
and
A.
Ihl
al,
“
Im
ple
m
ent
at
ion
i
n
ard
uino
of
MP
PT
using
var
ia
b
l
e
step
siz
e
P&O
algorithm i
n
PV
in
stal
lations,
”
In
t.
J.
Powe
r
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e
ct
ro
n.
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e
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A.
Z.
Jidin
,
N
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Yus
of,
and
T.
Sut
ik
no,
“
Arduino
Based
Paper
l
ess
Queue
Mana
gement
S
y
stem,
”
TEL
KOMNIKA
(Tele
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a
t
ion
Comput
ing
El
e
ct
ronics
Con
t
rol
)
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
Syst
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
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onit
ori
ng
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m of
DC to
D
C c
on
vert
er for P
hotovoltaic
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on
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Ja
meel
Kadhim
Ab
e
d
)
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Du,
H.
Geng,
Y.
Sun,
H.
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n,
H.
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and
L
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“
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sign
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d
imple
ment
of
a
low
cost
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rol
system
of
act
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v
e
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c
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rfac
e
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”
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S
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N
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d
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“
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te
r
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and
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L.
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“
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imple
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ent
at
ion
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ti
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e
cha
rg
ing
op
ti
m
iz
ation
for
h
ybrid
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t
ric
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s,
”
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.
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wer
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e
ct
ron.
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El
e
ct
roni
ca 60
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orte
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“
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th To
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[22]
T
.
S.
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I.
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H.
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“
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pe
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sign
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art
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e
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stem
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t
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n
gs,”
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J.
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e
ct
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e
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B.
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C
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“
Hardware
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t
ion
of
singl
e
p
hase
power
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ac
t
or
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recti
on
s
y
st
e
m
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G.
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on
,
“
400KH
z
60V
4
A
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it
chi
ng
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/
Bu
ck
-
Boost
/
Inve
r
ti
ng
DC
/
DC
Convert
er
400KH
z
60V 4A Switc
hi
ng
Curre
nt
Boost / Buc
k
-
Boost
/ Invert
ing
DC /
DC Conve
rt
er,”
p
p.
1
–
8
.
[26]
T.
Max
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T
.
R
ange
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“
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nt
-
S
ense
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pli
fiers
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nt
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Sense
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m
pli
fie
rs,” E
xpo
sure,
pp
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1
–
12
,
2
000.
BIOGR
AP
HI
ES OF
A
UTH
ORS
Jame
el K
adh
im
Ab
ed
recei
ved
his MSc
and
PhD
degr
e
e
in
pow
er
s
y
s
te
m
,
m
a
chine
and
power
el
e
ct
roni
cs
from
the
Univ
ersity
of
Baghda
d
in
198
5
and
2003
respe
ct
iv
ely
.
He
h
as
worked
at t
h
e
Foundati
on
of
Mili
t
ar
y
Produc
ti
o
n
since 1988 as
Hea
d
Maste
r
of
t
he
Deve
lopment
and
R
ese
ar
ch
De
par
tment in th
e
fi
el
d
of
power
el
e
ct
roni
cs
(pow
er
suppl
y
and in
ver
te
rs).
Curre
n
t
l
y
he
works
in
the
Midd
le
Tech
nic
a
l
Univer
si
t
y
as
Hea
d
Master
of
the Mec
h
at
ro
nic
s Depa
r
tment
and as
l
ec
tu
rer
in
power el
ec
tro
nic
s for
und
erg
r
adua
t
e and
postg
rad
uate
stud
ent
s
as
well a
s superv
isor
of
m
aste
r
and
high
dipl
om
a
studen
ts i
n
the
fie
ld
of
h
igh
fr
eq
uency
inve
rt
er a
nd
ren
ew
abl
e
en
erg
y
.
His
rese
arc
h
is on
e
l
ec
tr
ic
a
l
dr
ive
s
a
nd
power elect
ro
nic
s on
v
ari
ous
i
nver
te
r
t
y
p
es,
an
d
he is
int
er
este
d
in
r
en
ewa
ble e
n
erg
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.