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P
o
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E
lect
ro
nics
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nd
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s
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m
(
I
J
P
E
DS
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Vo
l.
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,
No
.
4
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em
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er
2
0
1
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4
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pp
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9
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0
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1989
J
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l ho
m
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g
e
:
h
ttp
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JP
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Inv
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d H
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P
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Sep
7
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ev
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1
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cc
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w
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er
ter
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t c
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l
Co
p
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rig
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t
©
201
8
In
s
t
it
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
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e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
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n
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S
c
ien
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e
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l
rig
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re
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C
o
r
r
e
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p
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A
uth
o
r
:
Z
u
lh
a
n
i
R
asi
n
,
P
o
w
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E
lectr
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s
an
d
Dr
iv
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s
R
esear
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ab
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o
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d
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s
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to
m
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e
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I
A
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Fak
u
lti Ke
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u
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u
ter
aa
n
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k
tr
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i
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iti T
ek
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la
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lak
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g
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m
ail:
z
u
l
h
an
i
@
u
te
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.
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u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
Z
-
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
(
Z
SI)
[
1
]
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
(
a)
is
a
to
p
o
lo
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r
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p
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s
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ch
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s
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allo
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n
t
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tr
ad
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V
S
I
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e
s
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o
o
t
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r
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s
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o
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t
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e
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m
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leg
a
t
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er
ter
s
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e.
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y
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ll
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e
Z
SI
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n
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ter
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le
to
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o
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s
t
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
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ce
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tp
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t v
o
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at
ca
n
n
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t b
e
ac
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o
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o
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r
ce
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v
er
ter
.
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o
n
g
a
ll
t
h
e
n
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w
l
y
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e
v
elo
p
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
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ased
o
n
Z
SI,
th
e
Qu
a
s
i
Z
-
So
u
r
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I
n
v
er
ter
(
q
Z
SI)
[
2
]
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
ab
o
v
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
is
b
ased
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n
th
e
d
r
aw
b
ac
k
s
w
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e
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th
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ig
in
al
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s
p
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f
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SI)
w
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t
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atio
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F
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h
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q
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s
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ter
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ter
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b
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m
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h
t
h
e
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h
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to
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lo
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m
a
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tai
n
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g
t
w
o
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d
u
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r
s
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t
w
o
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ito
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o
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n
al
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T
h
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o
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as
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c
u
s
s
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f
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licatio
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in
p
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to
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ted
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en
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[
3
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-
[
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1989
–
2
0
0
5
1990
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
o
p
o
lo
g
y
o
f
(
a)
Z
-
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
an
d
(
b
)
Qu
asi
-
Z
-
So
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
I
n
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
P
V
in
v
er
ter
s
y
s
te
m
,
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er
e
ar
e
s
e
v
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n
s
t
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t
h
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m
u
s
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tr
ac
k
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h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
(
MP
PT
)
in
o
r
d
er
to
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ar
v
est
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e
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a
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m
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o
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t
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lar
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V
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e
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ilit
y
to
r
ea
lize
a
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
s
m
o
o
th
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
to
th
e
lo
ad
an
d
g
r
id
.
L
i
a
n
d
An
d
er
s
o
n
[
9
]
ar
e
th
e
f
ir
s
t
to
p
r
esen
t
b
asic
g
u
id
eli
n
es
o
n
t
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
o
r
th
e
q
Z
SI
w
h
ic
h
i
n
cl
u
d
es
th
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
f
o
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
r
atin
g
in
d
ea
li
n
g
w
it
h
w
id
e
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
th
e
P
V
f
o
r
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
w
it
h
th
e
g
r
id
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
r
esu
lt
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
an
d
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t,
it
is
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
i
n
v
er
ter
ab
le
to
d
ea
l
w
it
h
v
ar
iatio
n
r
an
g
e
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ci
n
g
an
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
er
e
is
n
o
co
n
tr
o
l
ele
m
e
n
t
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
f
o
r
ac
tu
al
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
f
MP
P
T
an
d
to
f
ac
ili
tate
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
in
to
th
e
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
b
y
P
ar
k
et
al.
[
1
0
]
–
[
1
1
]
s
u
g
g
es
ts
a
n
e
w
al
g
o
r
ith
m
o
f
MP
PT
im
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
q
Z
SI
an
d
w
i
th
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
at
t
h
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
c
o
m
m
o
n
co
u
p
li
n
g
(
P
C
C
)
.
T
h
e
MP
PT
is
r
ea
lized
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ad
j
u
s
t
m
e
n
t o
f
s
h
o
o
t
-
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
u
t
y
r
atio
,
w
it
h
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
at
a
f
ix
ed
v
al
u
e.
C
u
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
is
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
al
g
iv
e
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
i
n
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
l
b
u
t
n
o
d
etailed
m
o
d
elli
n
g
o
r
ex
p
lan
atio
n
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
ed
s
im
u
lat
io
n
a
n
d
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
r
esu
l
ts
ar
e
also
v
er
y
li
m
ited
w
i
th
n
o
in
d
icatio
n
th
a
t
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
is
f
u
n
ct
io
n
i
n
g
w
ell
in
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
en
ag
ain
L
i
et
al.
in
[
1
2
]
–
[
1
3
]
co
m
es
w
it
h
m
o
r
e
d
etail
ed
w
o
r
k
s
o
n
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
d
esig
n
w
h
er
e
th
e
P
V
i
n
v
er
ter
s
y
s
te
m
ab
l
e
to
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
b
o
th
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
m
o
d
e
an
d
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
e
cted
m
o
d
e.
D
u
r
in
g
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
m
o
d
e
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
is
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
co
n
tr
o
l
in
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
VSI
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
SP
W
M
s
ig
n
al
is
ad
j
u
s
ted
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
P
I
v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
At
t
h
e
DC
s
id
e,
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
th
e
s
h
o
o
t
-
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
d
u
t
y
r
atio
is
f
ir
s
t
estab
li
s
h
ed
w
h
ic
h
e
n
ab
le
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
to
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
at
a
f
i
x
e
d
v
alu
e
to
s
tab
ilize
th
e
D
C
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
i
n
v
er
ter
s
w
itch
e
s
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
d
y
n
a
m
ic
with
v
ar
iatio
n
in
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e,
a
f
ee
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
w
h
ich
d
e
f
in
e
s
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
v
al
u
es
is
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
s
h
o
o
t
-
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
ig
n
al
is
co
m
b
in
ed
w
i
th
t
h
e
SP
W
M
s
ig
n
al
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
ze
r
o
s
tag
e
s
.
I
n
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
m
o
d
e,
s
i
m
ilar
l
y
th
e
DC
s
id
e
an
d
th
e
AC
s
id
e
ar
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
s
ep
ar
atel
y
.
T
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
g
r
id
cu
r
r
en
t
is
estab
lis
h
ed
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
is
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
in
n
er
lo
o
p
cu
r
r
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t
co
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tr
o
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an
d
L
1
D
C
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3
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5
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4
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6
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2
V
in
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dc
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L
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pv
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in
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dc
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t
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gr
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L
2
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2
(
a
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b)
L
1
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in
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pv
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dc
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t
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gr
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L
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(
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b)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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Desig
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Dev
elo
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id
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Q
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-
Z
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P
V
I
n
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r
ter
(
Zu
lh
a
n
i
R
a
s
in
)
1991
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
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it
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m
p
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ased
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t
h
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ex
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lo
r
ed
co
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e
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tio
n
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m
et
h
o
d
av
ailab
le
i
n
t
h
e
VSI
.
Fro
m
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
an
d
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
r
esu
l
ts
,
th
e
MP
P
T
w
o
r
k
s
w
e
ll
to
tr
ac
k
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
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it
h
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lo
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ized
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it
h
t
h
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g
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id
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th
e
ca
p
ac
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r
v
o
ltag
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is
co
n
tr
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lled
at
co
n
s
ta
n
t.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
n
o
r
esu
lt
s
h
o
w
ev
er
s
h
o
w
n
f
o
r
a
v
ar
iat
io
n
o
f
in
p
u
t p
o
w
er
a
n
d
h
o
w
t
h
e
i
n
ter
n
al
c
u
r
r
en
t
lo
o
p
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
g
to
f
ee
d
c
u
r
r
en
t i
n
t
o
th
e
g
r
id
.
Oth
er
t
h
an
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
in
a
3
-
p
h
a
s
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
i
n
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s
in
g
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p
h
a
s
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
C
h
u
n
et
al.
i
n
[
1
4
]
.
I
t
h
as
a
s
i
m
ilar
it
y
w
i
th
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
t
h
e
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n
s
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th
at
t
h
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ca
p
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r
v
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u
s
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a
s
a
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
to
co
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l
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
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th
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id
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d
b
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m
a
k
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n
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it
co
n
s
ta
n
t
MP
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m
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m
en
ted
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th
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f
f
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k
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AC
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r
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m
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tate
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at
th
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ch
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o
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m
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s
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s
w
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h
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lo
s
s
ca
n
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e
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p
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A
ll
t
h
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ab
o
v
e
w
o
r
k
s
p
r
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v
id
e
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
q
Z
SI
i
n
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
to
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
to
t
h
e
g
r
id
is
a
b
etter
o
p
tio
n
r
ath
er
th
a
n
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
p
u
ls
at
in
g
v
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ltag
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ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
i
n
v
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ter
s
w
itc
h
es
w
h
ic
h
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
le
x
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e
n
s
o
r
cir
cu
itrie
s
.
Hav
i
n
g
a
s
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ar
ate
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n
tr
o
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f
o
r
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h
e
AC
a
n
d
D
C
s
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d
e
m
ak
e
s
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t
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o
s
s
ib
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
Desig
n
a
n
d
Dev
elo
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N
:
2
0
8
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I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
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0
1
8
:
1989
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