Intern
ati
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
of
P
o
we
r El
ec
tr
on
i
c
s
an
d D
r
i
v
e
S
y
stem
(I
JPE
D
S)
V
o
l.
11
, N
o
. 2, Jun
e
20
20
, pp
. 10
82
~1
087
I
SSN
:
208
8-8
6
9
4
, D
O
I:
10.
115
91
/i
jp
e
d
s.v
1
1
.i2
.
p
p10
82-
1087
1
0
82
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
t
t
p
:/
/ijpe
d
s.
i
a
e
s
c
o
re.
c
o
m
An improved control
for MPPT based on
FL-PSo to mi
nimize
oscillation in phot
o
voltaic system
Aji
A
k
b
a
r
Fi
rd
aus
1
,
R
i
ky Tri Y
una
rd
i
2
,
E
va
In
ai
y
a
h
A
g
usti
n
3
,
S
i
sc
a D.
N.
N
a
h
d
l
i
yah
4
,
Te
guh
Ar
y
o
N
u
gr
oh
o
5
1,
2,
3,
4
De
p
a
rt
me
nt of E
ngin
e
e
r
i
ng,
Fa
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
Vo
ca
tio
na
l,
Un
ive
r
si
ta
s Ai
rl
a
n
g
g
a,
Indo
ne
sia
5
De
pa
rt
me
n
t
of
E
l
ec
t
r
ic
a
l
E
ngine
e
r
in
g, Uni
v
e
r
si
ta
s Pe
rtam
i
n
a,
Indo
n
e
si
a
A
r
ticle In
fo
A
B
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
tic
le
h
i
st
o
r
y:
Rec
e
i
v
ed
Se
p 4
,
20
19
Rev
i
sed
No
v 22
, 20
19
A
c
ce
p
t
ed
Jan
13
, 20
20
P
h
o
t
o
voltai
c
(P
V) is
a s
o
u
r
c
e
o
f
elec
tric
al en
er
g
y
deriv
e
d
fro
m
solar
en
ergy
and
h
a
s
a po
or
lev
e
l
of eff
i
c
i
ency
.
This
eff
i
c
i
e
n
cy
is
influe
n
ced
b
y
P
V
con
d
ition
,
w
eath
e
r, an
d
equ
i
p
m
ents
like
M
a
x
i
mum
P
o
wer P
o
int
Track
in
g
(MPPT
).
MPPT
c
ont
rol is wid
e
ly
u
s
e
d
to
imp
r
ove P
V
effi
cien
c
y
b
e
c
a
us
e
MPPT
c
a
n
p
r
oduc
e o
p
ti
m
a
l p
o
we
r in
va
ri
ou
s
we
a
t
he
r
c
o
nd
itio
n
s
.
In t
h
i
s
pap
e
r, M
P
P
T
c
o
n
t
ro
l is
perfor
m
ed
using
th
e F
u
zzy Lo
gi
c-P
a
rticl
e
S
w
arm
Op
ti
miz
a
ti
o
n
(
F
L-
P
S
O)
met
h
o
d
.
Th
is
F
L
-
P
S
O
i
s
u
s
ed
to
get
th
e M
a
xi
mum
Pow
e
r Point
(MPP) and m
i
nimi
ze t
h
e
o
u
t
put po
we
r o
s
c
ill
ati
o
n
fro
m PV.
F
r
om th
e
s
i
mu
la
ti
on
res
u
l
t
s
u
s
i
n
g
F
L
-
P
SO
, th
e
v
a
lu
es
of
vo
lt
ag
e
,
and
o
u
t
p
u
t
p
o
we
r fro
m
t
h
e
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
nv
e
r
te
r
a
r
e
18
3.
6 V,
a
nd 6
3
7
.
7
W,
re
sp
ec
t
i
ve
ly
.
T
h
e
ri
pple of
out
p
ut power from
P
V
w
i
th
F
L
-
P
S
O
i
s
6
9
.
5
W
.
T
h
e
n
,
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
requ
ired
b
y
F
L
-
P
S
O
reach
es M
P
P
is 0
.
35
4 s.
C
o
mpared
w
i
th
M
P
PT con
t
rol
bas
e
d o
n
the
P
S
O
meth
od
, th
e
M
P
P
T
techn
i
q
u
e
us
in
g F
L
-P
S
O
ind
i
ca
tes
b
etter p
e
rforman
ce
an
d
fas
t
er
tha
n
th
e
P
S
O.
Ke
yw
ords:
Boost
c
o
nve
rt
e
r
F
L
-PSO
MPP
T
O
s
c
ill
at
io
n
Ph
ot
o
vol
ta
ic
Th
is
is a
n
o
p
en
acces
s a
r
ticle
un
d
e
r the
C
C
B
Y
-SA
licens
e
.
Corres
p
o
n
din
g
A
u
t
h
or:
A
j
i Akbar Firdaus,
Depa
rt
me
nt o
f
Engi
ne
eri
n
g
,
Uni
v
ersi
t
a
s Ai
r
l
ang
g
a
,
Gu
be
ng
, S
u
rab
a
ya
60
2
8
6
,
In
d
one
si
a.
Emai
l:
aa.fi
rda
u
s@
v
oka
si
.una
ir.a
c.i
d
1.
IN
TR
O
DUCTION
The
r
e
are
va
ri
ous
t
ype
s
of re
newa
ble
e
n
er
gy
tha
t
c
o
min
g
t
o
re
pla
c
e
fossil
-
f
u
el
ed
pl
ant
s
s
u
ch
a
s
ph
oto
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
(PV
)
[
1
] a
nd wi
nd t
u
rbi
n
e
[2
].
Lat
e
l
y
, P
V
get
s
muc
h
at
t
e
nt
io
n bec
a
u
se P
V
uses
s
o
l
a
r e
n
e
r
gy
t
h
at
hol
ds v
e
ry ab
un
da
nt
ava
i
l
a
bi
l
i
t
y
to ge
ne
rat
e
el
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y whi
l
e
ha
vi
n
g
envi
ro
nme
n
t
a
l
bene
fit
s
a
n
d
l
o
w
ma
in
t
e
n
a
n
c
e c
o
s
t
s [3
,4]
.
How
e
v
e
r
,
th
e
adv
a
n
t
ag
es
o
f
PV
still
c
a
n
n
o
t
b
e
h
i
gh
l
i
gh
ted
c
o
mp
ar
ed
to
it
s
sh
or
tc
omi
n
g
s
th
a
t
th
e
inv
e
stm
e
n
t
co
st
s
of
PV
ar
e expe
n
s
i
v
e and
the
PV
po
w
e
r
e
f
fi
cie
n
cy
is
lo
w
.
Th
e e
f
f
i
ci
en
cy
of PV i
s
in
fl
uen
c
e
d
b
y
m
a
ny
c
a
u
s
es
su
ch as
PV
c
ond
iti
on
,
an
d we
a
t
h
e
r
li
k
e
so
la
r r
a
d
i
a
t
io
n
,
and
t
e
mpe
r
at
u
r
e [
4
].
Be
si
de
s t
h
e
rea
s
o
n
s
a
b
o
v
e, t
h
e
pre
s
enc
e
of
M
P
PT t
e
chni
que
al
so af
fec
t
s t
h
e
powe
r
gene
rat
e
d
o
f
t
h
e
P
V
syst
em
.
Re
se
arc
h
c
u
rre
n
t
l
y
de
vel
o
pi
ng
MP
PT t
e
c
hni
que
s ca
n
be
i
m
pl
eme
n
t
e
d
to
opt
imi
ze
t
h
e
pow
e
r
ge
nerat
e
d
by
P
V
s
y
st
e
m
s s
u
ch
as
Inc
r
e
m
e
n
ta
l
C
o
nd
uct
a
nce
(
I
C)
[5],
Pe
rt
u
r
b a
n
d
Obse
rve
(P
&O)
[6-8], a
nd
Hi
l
l
C
l
imbi
ng (
H
C) [9
].
H
o
we
ve
r,
besi
de
s be
in
g a
b
l
e
t
o
pro
duce
bet
t
er out
put,
P &
O
and
HC
c
a
n p
r
od
u
c
e bad
osc
i
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
nd
spe
e
d
for t
h
e
e
qui
pme
n
t
w
h
il
e IC
met
h
o
d
ca
n
red
u
c
e
o
s
c
i
l
l
a
t
i
on,
b
e
sid
e
s t
h
at
, t
h
is m
e
t
hod
is
susc
ep
t
i
b
l
e
t
o
si
gn
i
f
ic
a
n
t
i
r
r
a
d
i
an
ce
ch
an
g
e
s. On
e
of
t
h
e
w
a
y
s
t
h
at
can b
e
u
s
ed
to
ove
rc
ome
t
h
e
pro
b
l
e
m
of
osc
i
ll
at
i
on i
s
usi
n
g a
r
t
i
fic
i
a
l
i
n
te
ll
i
g
enc
e
.
S
e
ve
ral
art
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
int
e
ll
i
g
ence
me
th
o
d
s
w
e
re
de
vel
ope
d
to
ove
rc
ome
osci
ll
at
i
on p
r
o
b
le
ms a
n
d
t
r
ac
kin
g
ef
fi
ci
ency
.
As t
h
e
ex
a
m
pl
e
s
are
Ne
ural
Net
w
o
r
k
(
N
N
)
,
Pa
rt
ic
le
Swa
r
m
O
p
t
i
m
iz
at
ion
(P
SO
)
,
Fi
re
fl
y
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J Po
w El
ec
&
Dr
i
S
y
st
IS
SN:
208
8-8
6
9
4
An i
m
pr
ove
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
f
o
r
MP
PT
base
d
o
n
F
L
-P
So
t
o
m
i
ni
mi
ze osc
i
l
l
a
ti
o
n
in
…
(Aj
i
Ak
bar
Fir
d
a
u
s
)
1
083
and
Gre
y
Wol
f
Opti
mi
zat
i
o
n
(GWO).
NN
con
s
t
r
ai
nt
s
[10
,
1
1
]
a
r
e
l
a
rge
a
m
o
unt
s
of da
t
a
when
trai
ning
a
n
d
f
l
e
x
ib
il
ity
o
f
Fu
zz
y Lo
g
i
c
Co
n
t
r
o
lle
r
(F
LC
)
[12
]
a
r
e
lim
i
t
e
d
du
e
t
o
th
e c
h
ar
act
er
ist
i
cs
o
f
n
o
n
-
l
i
n
e
a
r
so
la
r
modul
es
. P
S
O
[1
3],
Fi
re
fl
y [1
4] an
d
G
W
O
[15
]
ha
ve
wi
del
y
u
s
e
d
i
n
t
h
e e
ngi
ne
eri
n
g
fi
el
d. I
n
t
h
i
s
pape
r, t
h
e
Fuz
z
y
Lo
gic
-
P
a
rt
i
c
l
e
Sw
arm
Opti
mi
zat
i
o
n
(
F
L-P
S
O
) me
t
hod i
s
im
pl
eme
n
t
e
d to
re
d
u
ce
rip
p
l
e
and
osci
l
l
a
t
i
on
wi
th
opti
m
al
Ma
xi
mu
m P
o
wer Poi
n
t
(MP
P
) from
P
V
. F
L
-P
S
O
i
s
a m
odi
fi
cat
i
on bet
w
e
e
n
F
u
zzy
L
o
gi
c
a
n
d
Pa
rt
ic
l
e
Swa
r
m
Opti
miz
a
t
i
o
n (PS
O
). P
S
O
re
sult
s a
r
e
use
d
as
in
p
u
t
fro
m
F
u
zz
y L
ogi
c
.
T
h
e a
d
di
t
i
on
of F
u
zzy
Lo
gic
aft
e
r
t
h
e
PS
O i
s
t
o
s
o
l
v
e t
h
e
pro
b
le
m
of t
h
e
val
u
e
o
f
dut
y cyc
l
e
.
So
,
t
h
e syste
m
ca
n
be
mo
re
st
ab
l
e
an
d
have
a
fast
res
p
o
n
se
2.
R
E
S
E
ARC
H M
ETH
OD
2.1.
Ph
otov
o
l
ta
ic
mo
de
l
In
thi
s
ca
se
, se
ve
ral
P
V
mo
d
u
l
e
s l
i
ke
Fi
gu
re
1 a
r
e
i
n
st
al
l
e
d i
n
p
a
ral
l
el
an
d i
n
seri
e
s
f
o
rm P
V
ar
ray
s
t
o
ge
t
hi
gh
v
o
l
t
a
g
e a
n
d
hi
gh
cur
r
ent
[16
]
.
T
h
e
c
u
rre
n
t an
d
vol
ta
ge
c
h
aract
erist
i
c
s are
ge
n
e
ra
te
d from
P
V
wit
h
i
d
eal
c
o
ndit
i
o
n
s
(t
em
perat
u
re
25
o
C
a
n
d
ir
radi
anc
e
100
0 W/
m
2
) sh
ow
n i
n
Eq
uat
i
on 1
.
.
.
.
1
.
(1
)
Wh
er
e, I
,
I
L
an
d
I
0
are
out
put
current
, t
h
e c
u
rre
nt
pro
duc
e
d
b
y
phot
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
cs an
d
sat
u
rat
i
on
c
u
rrent
,
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
e
l
y
.
q is el
em
en
t
l
o
ad
,
V is
vo
l
t
a
g
e
b
e
tw
een
ou
tpu
t
t
e
r
m
i
n
al
s, R
SH
and R
S
are
shu
n
t
re
si
st
a
n
c
e
and
seri
es resi
st
a
n
c
e
, seve
ral
l
y.
n i
s
i
d
ea
l
dio
d
e
fac
t
or
. Th
en
, K i
s
Bol
t
z
m
a
nn c
o
nst
a
nt
a
nd T i
s
te
mpe
r
at
ure
.
F
i
n
a
lly
,
N
P
and N
S
ar
e
th
e num
b
e
r
s
o
f
PV
co
nn
ec
te
d
in
p
a
r
a
lle
l a
n
d
se
ries,
r
e
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
Fi
gu
re
1 T
h
e
e
qui
val
e
nt
ci
rc
u
i
t
of
PV
2.2.
Boos
t c
o
n
v
ert
er mo
del
Th
e
p
r
op
o
s
e
d
b
o
o
s
t co
nv
ert
e
r
is
regu
l
a
te
d
by
th
e h
i
gh-
fre
qu
e
n
c
y
sw
itc
h
t
h
a
t
c
o
n
t
ro
ls
the
du
ty
c
y
c
l
e
to
pr
odu
c
e
ou
tp
u
t
vo
lta
g
e
h
i
gh
er
th
an t
h
e
inp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
w
ith
th
e h
e
lp
o
f
in
du
c
t
or
a
n
d
d
i
od
e.
l
i
ke
F
i
g
u
re
2
[
17,
18
].
Fi
gu
re
2 T
h
e
e
qui
va
le
nt ci
rc
u
i
t
of b
oost
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r [1
9]
2.3.
FL-PSO
M
P
P
T
Algorithm
P
S
O
i
s
o
n
e
of t
h
e a
r
t
i
fi
ci
al
int
e
l
l
i
g
ence
des
i
gne
d from a
d
opt
in
g t
h
e i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
enc
e
o
f
bi
rd a
nd
fish
col
o
ni
es[19
]
.
E
qua
t
i
on
2 a
n
d
E
quat
i
o
n 3
s
h
ow
sta
nda
rd
fo
rmul
at
i
ons o
f
P
S
O
c
o
mm
o
n
l
y
use
d
.
Whe
r
e, v
i
an
d
x
i
a
r
e
the
pa
rt
ic
le
s vel
o
ci
t
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
part
i
c
l
e
s
posi
t
io
n,
res
p
e
c
t
i
v
el
y.
c
1
and
c
2
a
r
e
th
e co
nsta
n
t
s o
f
po
si
tiv
e
,
w
i
s
th
e
i
n
e
r
ti
a w
e
i
g
h
t
wh
ic
h
aff
ect
s p
a
rt
ic
le
v
e
lo
ci
ty
.
Th
en
,
φ
1
a
nd
φ
2
are
r
a
nd
om
va
ri
abl
e
s bet
w
e
e
n
0
and
1
.
F
i
n
a
lly
,
p
i
and
p
g
a
r
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
l
e
s
ob
t
a
i
n
ed
fro
m
t
h
e
p
a
rt
icl
e
s
bes
t
p
o
s
i
t
ion
an
d
th
e
p
opula
t
i
o
n
s
best
posi
t
i
o
n[2
0
].
11
2
2
(1
)
.
(
)
(
(
)
)
(
(
)
)
ii
i
i
g
i
vt
w
v
t
c
p
x
t
c
p
x
t
(2
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
: 2
088
-86
94
In
t
J
Po
w
Ele
c
&
Dri
Sy
st,
Vol.
1
1
,
No
. 2
,
Jun
e
2
020
:
10
82
–
1
087
1
084
(3
)
The
FL-
P
S
O
al
go
ri
t
h
m ap
pl
i
e
d, i
n
t
h
is
ca
se
,
is show
n
as
f
o
l
l
ows:
In
i
tia
liz
a
tio
n
par
a
me
te
rs of
the PSO
U
p
d
a
t
e
th
e p
a
rtic
le
s v
e
lo
c
ity
u
s
in
g
Equ
a
tio
n
2
U
p
d
a
t
e
th
e p
a
rtic
le
s p
o
s
ition
b
a
sed
o
n
Equ
a
tio
n
3
Eva
l
ua
ti
o
n
of
t
h
e
fi
tne
ss val
u
e t
o
up
dat
e
t
h
e
va
lue
o
f
p
i
an
d
p
g
Co
mp
ar
e
th
e va
lu
e
o
f
e
a
c
h
can
d
i
d
a
te
p
i
to
get
th
e b
e
st
p
i
va
lu
e
,
th
en
th
e b
e
st
p
i
v
a
lu
e c
o
mp
ar
ed
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
p
g
v
a
lu
e
t
o
g
e
t
th
e
b
e
st
p
g
val
u
e
Afte
r the
p
g
is ob
t
a
in
ed
,
t
h
e p
g
v
a
lu
e
is e
n
t
e
re
d
in
to
th
e Fu
zz
y
Lo
g
i
c
wh
ic
h
con
t
ain
s
t
h
e
me
mb
e
r
sh
i
p
fun
c
ti
on
a
s
show
n i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
3.
If
t
h
e
b
e
st
p
g
va
lu
e
is
n
o
t
ob
ta
in
e
d
, th
en
re
turn
to
ste
p
2
Re
p
e
a
t
th
e
ite
rat
i
o
n
u
n
t
il i
t
r
eac
h
e
s
t
h
e
li
mit
to
g
e
t
p
g
wi
t
h
the
hi
ghe
st
M
a
ximu
m
P
o
wer
P
o
int
(
M
PP
)
o
r
t
h
e be
st
va
l
u
e
.
The im
pl
eme
n
t
e
d F
u
z
z
y
L
o
gi
c c
ont
r
o
l
t
h
e d
u
ty
cycl
e
of
the
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r l
i
ke
F
i
gu
r
e
3
an
d
Ta
ble
1[
2
1
,
2
2
]
.
Aft
e
r
p
g
is
o
b
tai
n
ed
, th
e b
e
st
p
g
v
a
lu
e i
s
mad
e
as inpu
t
from
Fu
z
z
y
Log
i
c.
Th
er
e is
on
e
in
pu
t
an
d on
e
ou
t
p
u
t
th
at
r
e
su
lte
d f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Fu
z
z
y
Log
i
c
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
T
h
e me
mbe
r
s
h
i
p
f
u
nc
ti
on
Tabl
e 1
T
h
e Fu
z
z
y
R
u
l
e
Base
N
B
N
S
Z
E
PS
PB
NB
ZE
ZE
PB
P
B
P
B
N
S
Z
E
Z
E
P
S
PS PS
ZE
PS
ZE
ZE
Z
E
N
S
PS
NS
NS
NS
Z
E
Z
E
PB
NS
NB
NB
Z
E
Z
E
3.
RE
S
U
LT
S
A
N
D
DI
SC
US
S
I
ON
Fi
gu
re
4 i
s
PV
syst
em w
h
ic
h ha
s
t
h
e
P
V
a
r
r
a
y,
bo
ost
c
o
n
v
e
rt
e
r
,
MP
P
T
, a
nd
l
o
ad
.
T
h
e d
u
ty c
y
cl
e o
f
th
e
bo
o
s
t
co
nve
r
t
er
is
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
d
b
y
F
L
-P
SO
t
o
in
cre
a
s
e th
e
ou
tpu
t
vo
lt
ag
e
,
min
i
mi
ze
o
s
cil
l
a
tio
n
an
d
r
e
ach
t
h
e
Maxi
mum
Po
we
r
P
o
i
n
t
(M
PP
)
.
F
i
g
u
re
5
an
d
6
s
h
o
w
th
e
c
h
a
r
ac
t
e
ri
s
t
ic
s o
f
t
h
e
P
V
mo
dul
e
wi
th a
n
i
r
r
a
di
a
n
ce
l
e
ve
l
of
1
0
00
W/
m
2
a
nd a
t
e
m
p
erat
ure
o
f
2
5
o
C[
23
].
Th
e p
a
r
a
me
te
rs u
s
ed
in
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
are
fo
ur
po
p
u
l
a
t
i
ons an
d
one
di
me
nsi
on.
The
sy
mb
ols
w
,
c
1
, a
n
d
c
2
a
r
e 0.
4,
1.
2
a
n
d 2, res
p
ec
t
i
ve
ly
.
F
i
gu
r
e
4.
The
B
l
oc
k di
ag
ra
m o
f
P
V
s
y
st
e
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
o
w
Elec &
Dri Sy
st
I
SSN
: 2
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8
8
-8
69
4
An
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
co
n
t
ro
l f
o
r M
P
PT
b
a
s
ed
on
FL
-PS
o
to
m
i
n
i
m
i
z
e
o
s
c
illa
t
i
on
in …
(Aji
Akb
a
r
Fi
rd
au
s)
1
085
Fi
gu
re
5.
The
PV I-
V
c
h
a
r
ac
t
e
ri
s
t
ic
s
[2
4
]
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
P
V
P
-
V
ch
ar
acte
r
isti
cs
[
2
5
]
F
r
om
t
h
e
si
mula
tio
n
u
s
in
g F
L
-
PSO
, t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
o
f
PV
i
s
63
7.65
W
a
n
d
t
h
e
pow
er
ri
pp
l
e
is 6
9
.5 W
lik
e
Fi
gu
re
7
.
I
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
8
,
th
e
vo
l
t
ag
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
te
d
by
t
h
e
P
V
i
s
91
.
8
V
.
Fi
gu
re
9
,
Figur
e
10
an
d Fig
u
r
e 11
a
r
e
t
h
e d
u
t
y
c
y
cl
e,
v
o
lt
age
a
n
d
p
o
we
r
fr
om t
h
e
b
o
o
s
t c
o
nve
rt
er usi
n
g
FL-P
SO,
res
p
e
c
t
i
ve
ly. T
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e an
d
po
we
r
fr
om
t
h
e
bo
ost
c
o
nve
r
t
er
a
r
e
1
8
3
.
6
V
,
a
n
d
6
3
7
.
7
W.
S
t
a
b
le
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
ons
a
r
e
rea
c
h
e
d
wi
t
h
i
n
0.
3
5
4
s l
i
k
e
F
i
g
u
r
e
11.
F
i
g
u
r
e
7.
The
po
we
r of
P
V
u
s
i
n
g
FL
-
P
S
O
F
i
gu
r
e
8.
The
vol
t
a
ge
o
f
P
V
usi
n
g
F
L
-
P
SO
F
i
gu
re
9.
The
dut
y c
y
c
l
e
u
s
i
n
g F
L
-P
S
O
Fi
gu
re
1
0
.
T
h
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
of
t
h
e
boost
c
o
nve
rt
er
usi
n
g
F
L
-PSO
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
: 2
088
-8
6
94
I
n
t
J Po
w El
ec
&
Dr
i
S
y
st
, Vol.
11
,
No
.
2
,
Jun
e
2
020
: 10
82
–
1
0
87
1
086
Fi
gu
re 1
1
T
h
e
b
o
o
st c
o
nve
rte
r
pow
er usi
n
g F
L
-P
SO
F
i
g
u
r
e
12
.
Th
e po
wer
o
f
P
V
usin
g PSO
F
r
o
m
t
h
e sim
u
l
a
t
i
on base
d
on
P
S
O
i
n
F
i
g
u
re 12
,
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
of
PV
i
s
63
5.3
W a
n
d
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
ri
ppl
e is
72
.2
W. T
h
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
ge
nerat
e
d
by
P
V
i
s
9
1
.
7
7
V
li
ke
F
i
gu
re
13
. F
i
gu
re
1
4
,
Fi
g
u
re
1
5
,
a
n
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
16
a
r
e a
r
e
t
h
e d
u
t
y
c
y
c
l
e
,
v
o
lt
age
a
n
d p
o
we
r
from
the
bo
ost
c
o
nve
rt
e
r
ba
sed
on
P
S
O
, res
p
ec
ti
vel
y
. T
h
e
vol
t
a
ge
v
a
l
u
e
of
th
e
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
e
r
te
r is 183
.6
V
.
Th
e
p
o
w
e
r
fro
m th
e
bo
os
t
c
onv
e
r
t
e
r
i
s
63
7.
7
W
a
n
d Stab
le
c
o
nd
i
t
io
ns ar
e
r
e
a
c
h
e
d
w
ith
i
n
1
.
08
5
s a
s
show
n i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
16
.
F
i
gu
re
1
3
. T
h
e
v
o
l
t
age
of P
V
usi
n
g P
S
O
F
i
g
u
re
14. T
h
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
c
l
e
usi
n
g
P
S
O
F
i
gu
re
1
5
.
T
h
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e of
t
h
e
boost
c
o
nve
rt
er
usi
n
g P
S
O
Fi
gu
re
1
6
.
T
h
e
p
o
we
r
of the
b
oost
co
n
v
ert
e
r
usi
n
g
P
S
O
To
co
mp
a
r
e th
e p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e o
f
FL-
PSO
,
th
is
PV
sy
s
t
em is
al
so
simu
late
d
w
i
th
a s
t
an
d
a
rd
P
S
O
.
Di
ffe
re
nt
re
s
u
l
t
s
ar
e o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
fr
om
F
L
-PS
O
a
n
d
P
S
O
.
T
h
e
a
v
era
g
e o
u
t
put po
we
r of
P
V
wi
t
h
FL-
P
SO is
gre
a
t
e
r tha
n
P
S
O
of 2.3
5
W.
R
i
ppl
e
o
u
tp
ut
p
o
w
e
r
o
f
PV
wi
th
FL-
P
S
O
i
s
smal
le
r tha
n
PS
O
of
2
.
7
W. T
h
e
out
put
vol
t
a
ge
of
P
V
wit
h
F
L
-PS
O
a
n
d PS
O
i
s
91.
8
V
a
nd 9
1
.7
7
V
,
res
p
ec
t
i
ve
ly.
Fi
na
ll
y, FL
-P
S
O
is fa
ste
r
and
mo
re
sta
b
l
e
tha
n
PS
O
be
c
a
use
FL
-P
S
O
rea
c
hes
MP
P
at
0.3
5
4
s. T
h
e
resul
t
s
of t
h
e
dut
y cycl
e
wi
th F
L
-
PS
O
l
o
gi
c
are
mo
re
sta
b
l
e
t
h
a
n
P
S
O
a
s
s
h
ow
n i
n
F
i
gu
re
9
a
n
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
14
.
4.
CO
NCL
U
S
I
O
N
The
MP
PT t
e
c
hni
que i
s
s
u
cc
essful
l
y
e
x
ec
ut
ed b
y
FL
-P
S
O
by it
s fast
er re
ac
hin
g
M
P
P
,
a
more st
a
b
l
e
syste
m
,
a
n
d
s
m
al
le
r osci
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
e
out
put
pow
e
r
of
P
V
.
The o
u
t
p
ut po
we
r
ri
ppl
e
o
f
P
V
i
s
re
d
u
c
e
d
t
o
2.7
W
whi
l
e
t
h
e
a
v
era
g
e
o
u
t
p
ut p
o
w
er is 2.
35 W.
F
L
-P
S
O
t
ouc
hes
M
P
P
fast
e
r
at
0.35
4 s.
T
h
e re
d
u
c
e
d osc
i
l
l
a
t
i
on
b
e
fo
re r
e
ach
ing
ste
a
d
y
s
t
at
e
resu
lts in
a m
o
re stable
system
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J Po
w El
ec
&
Dr
i
S
y
st
IS
SN:
208
8-8
6
9
4
An i
m
pr
ove
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
f
o
r
MP
PT
base
d
o
n
F
L
-P
So
t
o
m
i
ni
mi
ze osc
i
l
l
a
ti
o
n
in
…
(Aj
i
Ak
bar
Fir
d
a
u
s
)
1
087
RE
FERE
NC
E
S
[1]
B. S
u
bu
dh
i,
et
a
l
.
,
“A
co
mp
ara
t
ive
stu
d
y
o
n
max
i
mu
m
p
o
wer
po
int t
r
ack
ing
tech
niqu
es
fo
r p
hotov
olta
ic
po
wer
systems,”
I
E
EE T
r
a
n
s.
Su
stain.
Ener
gy
,
vo
l.
4
,
n
o
. 1
,
pp
.
89
–9
8
,
J
a
n. 20
13
.
[2]
S
u
y
a
nto,
et al.
,
“
D
e
s
ig
n
a
nd
Si
m
u
la
tio
n of
Ne
u
r
a
l
Ne
twork
P
r
e
d
i
c
ti
ve Cont
rol
l
er Pitc
h
-
An
gl
e
i
n
Pe
rm
a
n
ent
M
a
gn
etic S
y
n
c
hron
ou
s Gen
e
ra
tor Wind
Turbi
n
e Variab
le P
i
t
c
h S
y
stem,
”
1s
t
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
na
l
C
o
n
f
eren
c
e
o
n
Infor
m
atio
n
Tec
h
no
lo
gy,
Co
mp
uter
a
nd
Electri
ca
l En
g
i
neering
(I
CIT
A
CEE)
, vo
l.
1
,
p
p
.
34
5-
34
9
,
20
1
4
.
[3]
S
carpa V
,
et
a
l
.,
“Low compl
e
xity M
PPT
t
echni
que
exploiting the eff
ect of
t
h
e
PV cell
s
e
ri
es r
e
si
st
ance,”
IEE
E
Ap
pl
ied
Po
w
e
r
El
e
c
tr
on
ics
C
o
n
f
eren
ce
an
d E
x
hi
bi
ti
on
,
pp
.
1
958
-
1
9
6
4
,
F
e
b
.
20
08
.
[4]
D
.
V.
N.
An
a
n
th
,
et al
.
, “F
lux
B
a
sed
S
e
ns
orless
S
p
eed
S
e
ns
in
g
a
nd
Rea
l
an
d
R
eact
iv
e P
o
wer
F
l
ow
Con
t
rol w
ith
Lo
ok
-up Tab
l
e b
a
sed Max
i
mu
m
P
o
w
e
r P
o
in
t Tra
c
king
Tech
niq
u
e for
G
r
id
Co
nn
ected
Do
u
b
ly F
e
d
In
duct
i
o
n
Generator
,
”
In
don
e
s
i
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l o
f
El
e
c
tric
al
E
n
g
i
ne
e
r
in
g
a
nd Inf
o
rmat
ic
s
, vol
.
3
,
n
o
. 4
,
p
p
.
23
9-26
0, De
c.
2
0
1
5
.
[5]
K. S. T
e
y,
et a
l
.
, “Mo
d
i
fi
ed
in
cr
emen
tal
con
duc
t
a
nce
M
P
PT alg
o
r
ithm
to m
i
tig
a
t
e
in
a
c
c
u
r
a
te res
p
on
ses u
n
d
e
r
fas
t
chan
ging
so
lar
irrad
i
a
t
io
n lev
e
l,
”
So
la
r Ener
gy
,
v
o
l.
10
1
,
pp.
33
3–
342
, Ja
n
.
20
1
4
.
[6]
S
a
th
is
h K
u
mar
Ko
ll
ima
l
la
,
et a
l
.
, “Variab
l
e
Pertu
r
b
a
tion
S
i
z
e
A
d
a
p
tiv
e
P
&
O M
P
PT Algo
rithm f
o
r
S
udd
en
Ch
ang
e
s
i
n
Irradiance,
”
I
E
EE
T
r
a
n
s.
Su
stain.
Ener
gy
,
v
o
l
.
5, no
.
4
,
p
p
.
7
18–
72
8,
Ju
ly
20
14.
[7]
M
.
A
.
Elg
e
nd
y,
et a
l
.
,
“
O
p
e
ra
tin
g
c
h
a
r
ac
te
ri
stic
s
of t
h
e
P&
O a
l
go
rit
h
m
at
hig
h
p
e
rtu
r
b
a
ti
on fre
que
nc
ie
s fo
r
sta
n
da
l
o
n
e
PV
sy
st
e
m
s,
” IEEE
Tra
n
s.
Ene
r
g
y
Conv
e
r
s.
, vo
l. 30
, n
o
. 1,
p
p
. 1
8
9
–
1
9
8
,
Ju
n. 20
15
.
[8]
Jusoh A
,
et a
l
.,
“M
P
P
T
for
PV
S
y
stem
Based
on
V
a
riab
le S
t
ep
Siz
e
P
e
rturb
and
O
b
se
rv
e Algo
rith
m,”
T
E
L
K
OM
N
I
K
A
T
e
l
ecomm
un
ica
t
io
n Co
mp
ut
in
g
E
l
e
c
tr
on
ics
C
o
n
t
ro
l
,
vo
l.
15
, no
.
1
,
p
p
.
79–
92
, M
a
rch 2
0
1
7
.
[9]
S
.
B. Kja
e
r,
“Ev
a
lua
t
io
n o
f
th
e h
i
ll c
l
imb
i
ng an
d
th
e in
cremen
tal
c
o
nd
uct
a
nce
ma
xim
u
m po
wer p
o
i
n
t
tr
ack
ers for
ph
otov
olta
ic
p
o
w
er sy
stems,
”
I
E
EE
T
r
a
n
s
.
En
erg
y
C
o
n
v
er
s
.,
v
o
l
.
2
7
,
no.
4
,
pp.
9
22–
92
9,
De
c
.
2
012.
[10]
A. K. R
a
i,
et a
l
.
,
“
S
i
m
ula
t
io
n
m
ode
l
o
f
ANN
b
a
se
d m
a
xim
u
m po
we
r p
o
i
n
t
t
r
a
c
k
in
g
c
o
nt
roll
e
r
fo
r sola
r
PV sy
st
e
m
,
”
So
la
r Ener
gy
M
a
ter
.
S
o
l
ar
Ce
lls
,
vo
l.
95,
n
o
. 2, pp.
77
3
–
7
78,
F
e
b
.
20
11
.
[11]
Elob
aid
L.,
“Artifici
a
l n
e
ur
al n
e
tw
ork
bas
e
d
max
i
mu
m p
o
w
e
r po
in
t t
r
ack
in
g
tech
n
i
q
u
e fo
r
P
V
s
y
stems,”
IE
CO
N
20
12
-38 th
.,
pp.
93
7–
942
,
O
c
t.
2
0
1
2
.
[12]
B.
Alaj
mi
,
et
a
l
.
, “F
uz
zy
lo
g
i
c
c
o
ntrol ap
pro
a
ch
of a mod
i
fi
ed hill
-climbing
method fo
r max
i
mu
m po
wer p
o
in
t i
n
m
i
c
r
og
ri
d st
a
nd
a
l
o
n
e ph
ot
ov
o
l
ta
ic
sy
stem
,”
I
E
EE
T
r
a
n
s
.
Pow
e
r
E
l
ec
tr
on
.
,
vo
l.
26
,
n
o
.
4,
pp
.
102
2–
10
30,
A
p
r
.
20
11
.
[13]
K.
Ishaque,
et a
l
.
, “
A
n im
p
r
ov
e
d
p
a
rtic
l
e
swa
r
m
opt
im
iz
a
tio
n
(PSO)–
ba
se
d MPPT
f
o
r PV
wit
h
re
duc
e
d
st
ea
dy
-sta
te
o
s
c
i
ll
ati
o
n
,
”
IEEE Trans. P
o
wer
El
ectron
.,
vo
l.
2
7
,
n
o
. 8, p
p
.
36
27–
36
38
,
Au
g. 201
2.
[14]
K. S
u
n
d
ar
es
waran,
et a
l
.
, “
M
PPT
o
f
PV sy
st
em
s
un
d
e
r pa
rtia
l
sh
a
d
in
g
c
o
n
d
i
t
io
ns t
h
ro
ug
h a col
o
n
y
of
fl
ash
i
n
g
fi
re
fl
ies,
”
I
E
E
E
T
r
an
s. Ener
gy C
o
nvers
.
,
v
o
l
. 29
,
n
o
.
2, p
p
.
46
3–
472
,
Jun
.
20
14
.
[15]
S
a
ty
aji
t
M
o
han
t
y,
et al.
,
“A
Ne
w
M
P
P
T
Desi
gn
U
s
in
g
Gr
ey
Wo
lf
O
p
t
i
m
iz
at
io
n
T
echn
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
P
h
o
t
o
vol
ta
i
c
S
y
s
t
e
m
Under
Par
t
i
a
l Shading Conditions,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
ction
s
on
S
u
staina
ble
En
erg
y
,
vo
l. 7,
n
o
.
1,
p
p
. 18
1-1
88,
J
a
n
.
20
16
.
[16]
Ali Rahn
amae
i,
et al
.
,
“
A
No
ve
l
Grid
Co
n
n
ec
te
d
Pho
t
ov
ol
tai
c
Sy
ste
m
,
”
B
u
lletin
of
E
l
ect
rical Engi
neeri
n
g an
d
Infor
m
ati
c
s
,
vol. 5, n
o
. 2, pp
. 13
3
-
1
4
3
,
Ju
ne.
20
1
6
.
[17]
T.
K.
S
o
on,
et al.
,
“
A
fa
st c
o
n
v
e
r
gi
ng
MPPT
t
e
c
hni
qu
e fo
r p
h
o
t
ovol
ta
ic
sy
st
e
m
u
nde
r
fa
st v
a
ryin
g
so
la
r irra
di
a
t
i
o
n
and
lo
ad r
e
s
i
s
t
an
ce,
”
I
E
EE T
r
ans
. In
d
.
Inform
at
.
,
vo
l.
11,
no. 1,
p
p
. 1
7
6
–
1
86,
Fe
b
.
20
1
5
.
[18]
Sh
il
pa
Sre
e
kuma
r
,
et a
l
.
, “F
uz
z
y
Logic
Co
ntrol
l
er Based M
a
xim
u
m P
o
w
e
r P
o
int
Tra
c
king
o
f
P
h
otov
olta
ic S
y
s
t
e
m
Us
in
g Bo
ost Co
nverter
,”
4t
h ICCCNT
, Ju
ly 4-6,
20
13
.
[19]
K.
Ishaque,
et a
l
.
,
"
A
de
ter
m
i
n
i
s
ti
c
p
a
r
t
i
c
le swa
r
m
opt
im
i
z
ati
o
n
maxi
mu
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
in
t
tr
ack
er
f
o
r
ph
ot
ovo
lt
aic
sy
stem un
der
p
a
rtial
s
h
ading
con
d
ition,
"
In
du
stri
al Electro
nics, IEEE
T
r
a
n
s
a
ctio
n
s
,
vo
l.
60,
pp
.
3
195
-32
0
6
,
2
013
.
[20]
Aji Akbar
Fird
a
u
s,
et al
.,
"
D
i
st
rib
u
tio
n
N
e
tw
or
k
Reco
nfigu
r
atio
n
Usi
ng
Bi
nar
y
Part
i
c
l
e
Swar
m Optimizat
i
on
to
M
i
n
i
mize
Lo
ss
e
s
an
d
De
cre
a
se
V
o
ltag
e
S
t
ab
ilit
y
In
dex
,
"
B
u
llet
i
n
of
E
l
ec
t
r
ic
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
ng an
d In
fo
rmat
ic
s
, vo
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
pp.
51
4-521
,
Dec
.
20
1
8
.
[21]
Zh
ang
hon
g,
et a
l
.
,
“M
PP
T con
t
ro
l s
t
ra
teg
y
fo
r
ph
otov
olt
a
ic
ce
lls
bas
e
d o
n
fu
zz
y
con
t
ro
l,”
12
th
Int
e
rn
ati
o
n
a
l
Conf
er
e
n
ce on
Natural
Com
p
ut
ati
o
n,
Fuzz
y Sys
t
ems
and
Kn
owledge D
i
s
c
overy
(ICNC-F
S
KD
)
,
pp
.
45
0
-
45
4
,
1
3
-
15
Au
g. 201
6.
[22]
Ah
mad S
a
ud
i S
a
mo
sir,
et a
l
.
,
“Mo
d
e
li
ng a
nd Sim
u
l
a
ti
on of Fu
z
z
y
L
o
gic ba
se
d
M
a
xim
u
m Po
we
r Poi
n
t
Trac
k
i
n
g
(MPPT
) for PV
Appl
icat
ion,”
Int
e
rn
atio
nal
Jo
urn
a
l o
f
Electrica
l
a
n
d
Co
mpu
t
er
En
gineer
in
g
(I
JECE)
, vo
l. 8, no.
3
,
pp
. 1
3
1
5
-13
2
3
,
J
une
201
8.
[23]
Moham
m
ed
Slimi,
et a
l
.
,
“
M
a
x
i
m
um
po
we
r c
o
nt
ro
l
for pho
to
v
o
l
t
ai
c syste
m
usi
ng i
n
t
e
llig
e
n
t st
ra
te
g
i
e
s
,”
In
te
rna
t
io
na
l J
ourna
l o
f
E
l
ec
t
r
ical Pow
e
r &
E
n
ergy Systems
,
vo
l.
10
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
42
3
-
43
2,
Mar
c
h
20
19
.
[24]
S
o
b
h
an D
o
raha
k
i
.
,
"
A S
u
rv
ey
on
Max
i
mu
m P
o
wer P
o
int
Tr
ackin
g M
e
th
od
s in
P
hotov
oltai
c
P
o
wer S
y
s
t
ems,
"
Bu
ll
e
t
i
n
o
f
E
l
ect
rica
l
Eng
i
n
e
eri
n
g and
I
n
for
m
a
t
i
c
s
, vol.
4
,
n
o
.
3,
p
p
. 16
9-17
5
,
S
e
pt.
20
15
.
[25]
Kil
li M,
et
a
l
.
,
“Mo
d
i
f
ie
d
pe
rtu
r
b
a
n
d
ob
se
rv
e
M
PPT a
l
g
o
rith
m
for dri
f
t a
voi
da
nce
i
n
ph
o
t
o
volt
a
ic
sy
ste
m
s,
”
IEEE
Tran
sac
t
io
ns on
Ind
u
stria
l
Ele
c
t
r
on
ic
s
,
vo
l.
6
2
,
n
o
.
9
,
pp
. 5
5
4
9–5
55
9,
201
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.