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.
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id
1.
I
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RO
D
UCT
I
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DC
h
o
u
s
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ap
p
licatio
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h
as
b
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en
w
i
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i
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g
m
o
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d
m
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tr
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w
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g
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s
o
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ce
s
w
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th
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t
h
a
v
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to
in
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v
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m
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n
y
i
n
v
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tin
g
p
o
w
e
r
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
e
v
ices
[
1
]
.
I
t
o
f
f
er
s
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
t
o
b
en
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it
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ag
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e
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ated
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tr
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w
it
h
o
u
t
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in
g
t
h
e
AC
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
a
n
d
d
is
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
2
]
.
B
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g
in
te
g
r
ated
to
f
o
r
m
a
DC
m
icr
o
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
,
it
h
as b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
en
to
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u
s
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
l
ess
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
es
b
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g
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
its
A
C
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
[
3
-
4
]
.
T
h
e
DC
h
o
u
s
e
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
tak
e
th
e
b
e
n
ef
it
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
D
C
g
e
n
er
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
[
3
-
6
]
.
I
t
also
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o
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it
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n
ee
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its
el
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th
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g
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h
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o
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w
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le
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
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r
c
es
s
u
c
h
a
s
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic,
h
y
d
r
o
,
w
in
d
,
a
n
d
ev
e
n
h
u
m
a
n
lab
o
r
[
2
,
7
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
w
h
ich
m
u
s
t
b
e
a
v
ailab
le
i
n
a
h
o
u
s
e
i
s
th
e
l
ig
h
ti
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
L
E
D
-
b
ased
lig
h
ti
n
g
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ec
en
t
l
y
k
n
o
w
n
as
v
er
y
ef
f
icie
n
t
a
n
d
o
f
lo
w
-
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
A
L
E
D
i
s
w
o
r
k
in
g
o
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d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
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C
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v
o
lta
g
e,
s
o
it
is
v
er
y
s
u
itab
le
as
th
e
lo
ad
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n
a
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-
h
o
u
s
e.
As
th
e
m
ai
n
s
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
s
n
o
r
m
all
y
an
al
ter
n
ati
n
g
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(
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C
)
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u
c
h
h
ig
h
er
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g
e
th
a
n
t
h
e
L
E
D
ca
n
ac
ce
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ce
r
tain
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cu
itr
y
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s
o
m
eti
m
es
n
ee
d
ed
to
co
n
v
er
t
th
e
m
ai
n
s
A
C
in
to
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at
t
h
e
co
r
r
ec
t
v
o
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e,
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o
u
g
h
s
o
m
e
lo
w
-
v
o
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e
L
E
D
s
ar
e
als
o
av
ailab
le
in
th
e
m
ar
k
et.
A
L
E
D
lig
h
t
d
esi
g
n
b
ei
n
g
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
[
7
]
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
l
ig
h
t
b
u
lb
’
s
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
u
n
t
il 8
5
.
6
3
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w
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h
a
v
o
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b
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w
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2
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2
V
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d
p
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m
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1
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4
4
w
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.
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t a
ls
o
p
r
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d
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d
en
o
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g
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ill
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m
in
at
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h
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g
a
t
h
o
m
e.
T
h
is
p
ap
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r
p
r
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ts
a
d
es
ig
n
o
f
L
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D
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la
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p
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u
s
ed
in
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o
u
s
e
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s
u
p
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s
i
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a
r
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w
ab
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r
ce
o
r
in
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DC
S
m
ar
t G
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[
7
,
8
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.
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I
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t
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Vo
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9
,
No
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3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
987
–
9
9
6
988
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
DC
H
o
us
e
Sy
s
t
e
m
T
h
e
DC
h
o
u
s
e
s
y
s
te
m
g
ai
n
s
i
ts
i
n
ter
est
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
co
n
ce
r
n
to
u
s
e
e
lectr
icit
y
at
lo
w
co
s
t
[
9
]
.
A
D
C
h
o
u
s
e
ca
n
b
e
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
elec
tr
icit
y
r
es
u
lted
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
r
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
a
v
ailab
le
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
th
e
h
o
u
s
e
[
2
,
7
]
.
A
n
e
x
a
m
p
le
o
f
th
e
b
asic d
es
ig
n
o
f
a
D
C
-
h
o
u
s
e
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
b
asic d
esig
n
o
f
a
DC
-
h
o
u
s
e
As s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
th
er
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
as t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
elec
tr
icit
y
.
T
h
e
DC
g
en
er
ated
elec
tr
icit
y
i
s
co
n
n
e
cted
to
ea
ch
o
f
t
h
e
b
o
o
s
tin
g
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
to
r
aise
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
le
v
el
o
f
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er
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,
f
o
r
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x
a
m
p
le
f
r
o
m
1
2
V
to
2
4
V
[
9
]
.
I
t
th
en
b
ec
o
m
es
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
o
f
a
M
u
lt
ip
le
-
I
n
p
u
t
Sin
g
le
-
O
u
tp
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t
(
MI
SO)
DC
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D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
w
h
ich
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t
h
en
co
n
n
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ted
to
th
e
Ma
in
Vo
ltag
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n
e
o
f
a
Feed
er
B
o
x
(
R
elay
s
)
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
v
o
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g
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li
n
e
is
co
n
n
ec
te
d
th
r
o
u
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h
a
c
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ar
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ller
to
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b
atter
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s
to
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.
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r
e
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.
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I
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Ω
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RE
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D
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SI
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1
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Si
m
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lat
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c
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g
u
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7
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s
th
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th
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u
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ap
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7
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h
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r
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in
p
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p
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ca
n
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Fig
u
r
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9
.
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h
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ef
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o
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tain
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u
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2
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f
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as a
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h
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atic
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u
lb
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p
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a)
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y
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u
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1
1
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h
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la
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d
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atic
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as d
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i
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h
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f
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as seen
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n
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g
u
r
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1
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
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lec
&
Dr
i
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r
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1
3
.
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p
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t
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in
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3
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3
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p
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1
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4
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M
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p
p
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1
–
5.
[6
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k
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o
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ra
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ra
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ti
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2
0
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T
ra
n
s
m
issio
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&
Distrib
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ti
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Co
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4.
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ian
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K.,
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De
sig
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lb
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ly
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1
2
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0
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1
IEE
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2
0
1
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p
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3
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–
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3
9
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[9
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J.,
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8
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Bu
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k
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[1
3
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BS
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[1
4
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M
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,
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