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ase
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h
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id
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p
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u
c
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th
r
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le
v
els.
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tain
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b
y
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v
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g
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ated
b
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ch
H
-
b
r
id
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h
is
to
p
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y
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
p
o
p
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lar
b
ec
au
s
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f
its
m
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d
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lar
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esig
n
,
s
i
m
p
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co
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tr
o
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r
eliab
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lab
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d
th
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s
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n
c
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f
ca
p
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im
b
ala
n
ce
p
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m
.
No
w
a
d
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y
,
r
esear
ch
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en
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g
ed
to
d
ev
elo
p
in
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m
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ter
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an
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f
co
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v
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is
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eq
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f
lar
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e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
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w
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s
w
itc
h
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[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
o
th
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jectiv
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ar
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to
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ed
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ce
n
u
m
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ar
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tr
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p
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w
i
tch
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etc.
[
1
2
]
-
[
1
6
]
.
Ne
w
l
y
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
p
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g
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in
cl
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d
e
as
y
m
m
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ic
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d
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h
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r
id
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ter
s
[
1
7
]
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[
1
8
]
.
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eq
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al
d
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r
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s
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as
y
m
m
etr
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to
p
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y
w
h
ile
h
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b
r
id
in
v
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ter
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ar
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co
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s
ed
b
y
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s
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n
g
v
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o
f
to
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ap
p
ly
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d
if
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t
m
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d
u
latio
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s
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ev
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g
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d
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t
in
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el
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s
y
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te
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[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
t
h
e
p
ap
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is
o
r
g
an
ized
a
s
f
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s
:
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2
p
r
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t
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n
o
v
el
m
u
ltil
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v
el
in
v
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ter
to
p
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lo
g
y
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Deta
iled
w
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k
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o
f
to
p
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lo
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y
is
g
iv
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in
t
h
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n
Se
ctio
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3
in
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m
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PS
1
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PS
2
,
P
S
3
,
P
S
4
,
P
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5
,
P
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P
S
7
a
n
d
P
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8
.
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h
i
s
n
o
v
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l
t
o
p
o
l
o
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y
o
f
f
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r
s
f
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ty
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g
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h
en
b
o
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th
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r
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t
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d
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d
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s
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m
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a
t
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t
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e
.
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o
w
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w
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m
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e
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i
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s
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m
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e
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t
r
in
a
r
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a
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m
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u
r
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ti
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.
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l
l
th
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o
p
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at
in
g
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e
d
u
n
d
a
n
t
m
o
d
e
s
a
r
e
s
u
m
m
a
r
i
z
e
d
in
T
a
b
l
e
1
.
T
h
e
s
w
it
ch
in
g
s
e
q
u
en
c
es
f
o
r
p
o
s
i
t
iv
e
,
z
e
r
o
a
n
d
n
eg
at
iv
e
le
v
e
l
s
a
r
e
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
o
f
f
er
s
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
c
y
an
d
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
i
n
g
en
er
ati
n
g
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
lev
e
ls
.
Mi
n
i
m
u
m
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
tr
an
s
it
io
n
s
ar
e
c
h
o
s
en
d
u
r
i
n
g
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
le
v
els.
I
t
is
s
ee
n
th
at,
o
n
l
y
th
r
ee
s
w
itc
h
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ar
e
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
in
an
y
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
m
o
d
e.
T
h
e
lo
ad
is
s
u
p
p
li
ed
b
y
d
i
f
f
er
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n
t
v
o
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cc
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to
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g
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d
e
o
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v
o
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s
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r
ce
s
s
elec
te
d
th
e
s
a
m
e
b
asic
s
tr
u
ct
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r
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g
en
er
ates
f
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v
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le
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el
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le
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t
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s
s
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w
n
i
n
T
a
b
l
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1
.
Mo
d
e
1
g
e
n
er
ates
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
X
+V
Y
)
.
Fo
r
th
i
s
m
o
d
e
tr
in
ar
y
as
y
m
m
etr
ic
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
g
e
n
er
ates
V
A
B
=
4
E
;
b
in
ar
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s
y
m
m
etr
i
c
co
n
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g
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ates
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d
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m
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ic
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n
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g
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ates
V
A
B
=
2
E
,
as
m
ag
n
i
tu
d
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o
f
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tp
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t
v
o
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e.
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d
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t
w
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m
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n
m
o
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5
s
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t
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2
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P
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all
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Mo
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9
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ates
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ax
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t
v
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V
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Fo
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ar
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ates
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ar
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et
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ates
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,
as
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d
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t v
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[1
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J.
Ro
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Hig
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[4
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.
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IEE
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In
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M
a
g
.,
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ol
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ss
u
e
:
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(
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)
,
p
p
.
2
8
-
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9
,
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0
0
8
.
[5
]
J
.
S
.
L
a
i
a
n
d
F
.
C
.
P
e
n
g
,
“
M
u
l
ti
lev
e
l
c
o
n
v
e
rters
-
A
n
e
w
b
re
e
d
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
Ap
p
.,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
32
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
5
0
9
-
5
1
7
,
1
9
9
6
.
[6
]
L
.
M
.
T
o
lb
e
rt,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
c
o
n
v
e
rters
f
o
r
larg
e
e
lec
tri
c
d
riv
e
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
In
d
.
A
p
p
l
.,
v
ol
/i
s
su
e
:
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(
1
)
,
p
p
.
36
-
4
4
,
1
9
9
9
.
[7
]
A.
N
a
b
a
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
e
w
n
e
u
tral
-
p
o
i
n
t
c
lam
p
e
d
P
W
M
in
v
e
rter,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
A
p
p
.
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
IA
-
17
(
5
)
,
p
p
.
518
-
52
,
1
9
8
1
.
[8
]
T
.
A
.
M
e
y
n
a
rd
a
n
d
H.
F
o
c
h
,
“
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
:
Hig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
c
h
o
p
p
e
rs
a
n
d
v
o
lt
a
g
e
so
u
rc
e
in
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
-
PE
S
C
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
Rec
o
rd
,
p
p
.
397
-
4
0
3
,
1
9
9
2
.
[9
]
F
.
Z.
P
e
n
g
a
n
d
J.
S
.
L
a
i,
“
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
c
a
sc
a
d
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
-
so
u
rc
e
in
v
e
rter
w
it
h
se
p
a
ra
te
DC
so
u
rc
e
,
”
U.S
.
P
a
ten
t
5
6
4
2
2
7
5
,
1
9
9
7
.
[1
0
]
R.
S
o
m
m
e
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ne
w
m
e
d
iu
m
v
o
lt
a
g
e
d
riv
e
s
y
ste
m
s
u
sin
g
th
re
e
-
lev
e
l
n
e
u
tral
p
o
in
t
c
lam
p
e
d
in
v
e
rter
w
it
h
h
ig
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
I
G
B
T
,
”
IEE
E
-
IAS
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
Rec
o
rd
,
1
9
9
9
.
[1
1
]
L
.
Na
n
d
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
stu
d
ies
o
f
c
a
sc
a
d
e
d
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rters
h
a
v
in
g
re
d
u
c
e
d
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
w
it
c
h
e
s
w
it
h
R
a
n
d
RL
-
L
o
a
d
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
s sy
st
e
m
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
8
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
4
0
-
5
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
2
]
M
.
D.
M
a
n
jrek
a
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Hy
b
rid
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
s
y
ste
m
:
a
c
o
m
p
e
ti
ti
v
e
so
lu
ti
o
n
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
p
o
w
e
r
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
A
p
p
.
,
v
o
l.
3
6
,
p
p
.
8
3
4
-
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4
1
,
2
0
0
0
.
[1
3
]
Y.
S
.
L
a
i
a
n
d
F
.
S
.
S
h
y
u
,
“
T
o
p
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
h
y
b
rid
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rt
e
r,
”
IEE
E
Pro
c
.
El
e
c
t.
Po
we
r
Ap
p
.
,
v
o
l.
1
4
9
,
p
p
.
449
-
4
5
8
,
2
0
0
2
.
[1
4
]
J
.
Eb
ra
h
im
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
e
w
m
u
lt
i
lev
e
l
c
o
n
v
e
rter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
it
h
re
d
u
c
e
d
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ic
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
59
(
2
)
,
p
p
.
6
5
5
-
6
6
7
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
5
]
R
.
S
.
A
li
sh
a
h
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Ne
w
h
y
b
rid
stru
c
t
u
re
f
o
r
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rt
e
r
w
it
h
fe
w
e
r
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
v
o
lt
a
g
e
lev
e
ls,
”
IET
Po
we
r E
lec
tr
o
n
ics
,
v
ol
/
issu
e
:
7
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
9
6
–
1
0
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
6
]
K
.
K
.
G
u
p
ta
a
n
d
S
.
Ja
in
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rter
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
sw
it
c
h
e
d
d
c
so
u
rc
e
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
61
(
7
)
,
p
p
.
3
2
6
9
-
3
2
7
8
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
7
]
A
.
M
a
sa
o
u
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ne
w
th
re
e
-
p
h
a
se
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rter
w
it
h
re
d
u
c
e
d
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ic
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
29
(
11
)
,
p
p
.
6
0
1
8
-
6
0
2
9
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
8
]
A
.
M
o
k
h
b
e
rd
o
ra
n
a
n
d
A
.
A
ja
m
i
,
“
S
y
m
m
e
tri
c
a
n
d
a
s
y
m
m
e
tri
c
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
n
e
w
c
a
s
c
a
d
e
d
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rter t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
29
(
12
)
,
p
p
.
6
7
1
2
-
6
7
2
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
9
]
N
.
T
h
o
m
b
re
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rter
w
it
h
re
d
u
c
e
d
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
w
it
c
h
e
s
a
n
d
d
c
so
u
rc
e
s,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
s sy
ste
m
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
5
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
5
6
-
6
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
0
]
S.
R
.
M
i
n
sh
u
ll
a
n
d
C.
M.
Bi
n
g
h
a
m
,
“
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
o
f
n
o
n
li
n
e
a
rit
ies
in
d
i
o
d
e
–
c
lam
p
e
d
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
57
(
8
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p
p
.
2
6
5
1
–
2
6
5
8
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
1
]
P
.
P
il
lay
a
n
d
R
.
Krish
a
n
,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
,
S
im
u
latio
n
,
a
n
d
A
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
P
e
r
m
a
n
e
n
t
-
M
a
g
n
e
t
M
o
to
r
Driv
e
s
,
P
a
rt
I:
T
h
e
P
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
-
M
a
g
n
e
t
S
y
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
M
o
to
r
Driv
e
,”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s.
I
n
d
u
stry
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
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(
2
)
,
p
p
.
2
6
5
-
2
7
3
,
1
9
8
9
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
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E
S
O
F
AUTH
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RS
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a
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ra
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In
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