Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
s
(
IJ
PEDS
)
Vo
l.
1
2
,
No.
3
,
Septem
be
r
202
1
, pp.
178
4
~
179
4
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v
1
2
.i
3
.
pp
178
4
-
179
4
1784
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Volta
ge sta
bility
enhanc
em
en
t
for la
rge scale
squir
re
l
cage
induction
genera
tor base
d w
i
nd turbi
ne using
STATC
OM
Ab
ed
algany
A
th
am
neh
1
,
Bi
lal
Al
M
ajali
2
1
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Pow
e
r
Engi
n
ee
ring
D
epa
rt
me
nt
,
Yar
m
ouk
Univer
sity
,
I
rbid,
Jordan
2
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
Eng
in
ee
ring
Depa
r
tm
e
nt,
Al
-
B
al
q
a
Ap
pli
ed
Univer
sity
,
Al
-
Salt,
Jordan
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
M
a
r
2
7,
20
21
Re
vised
Jun
2
6
, 20
21
Accepte
d
J
ul
17, 2
021
A
stabl
e
oper
at
i
on
of
wind
turb
ine
s
conn
ec
t
ed
to
th
e
grid
is
a
n
essential
req
uirement
to
ensure
the
r
el
i
a
bil
it
y
and
stabili
ty
of
the
power
sys
te
m
.
To
ac
hi
eve
such
op
era
t
iona
l
obj
ec
t
i
ve,
installi
ng
sta
t
ic
synchronous
c
ompe
nsator
stat
ic
synchron
ous
com
p
ensa
t
o
r
(STATCOM
)
as
a
main
co
mpe
nsati
on
devi
c
e
gu
ara
n
tees
the
vol
ta
g
e
stabilit
y
enh
a
nce
m
ent
of
the
wind
f
arm
conne
c
te
d
to
distri
buti
on
ne
t
work
at
diff
e
ren
t
op
erati
ng
sce
n
ari
os.
STATCOM
ei
th
er
suppli
es
or
a
bsorbs
rea
ctive
power
in
ord
er
t
o
ensure
the
volt
ag
e
pr
ofile
withi
n
th
e
stand
ard
-
ma
rg
ins
and
to
avoid
turbi
n
e
tri
pp
ing,
ac
cor
d
ingl
y.
Th
i
s
pape
r
p
rese
nt
n
ew
study
th
at
in
vesti
gates
th
e
m
ost
suita
bl
e
-
loc
a
ti
on
to
install
STATCOM
in
a
distr
ibut
ion
sys
te
m
conn
ecte
d
wind
far
m
to
m
ai
n
ta
in
th
e
volt
ag
e
-
le
v
el
s
w
it
hin
th
e
st
abi
l
ity
m
arg
ins.
For
a
l
arg
e
-
sc
al
e
squirre
l
c
age
in
duct
ion
g
ene
r
ator
squirre
l
-
c
age
induc
t
ion
gen
e
rat
or
(SCIG
-
base
d)
wind
turb
ine
sys
te
m
,
the
i
mpa
c
t
of
STAT
COM
insta
ll
atio
n
was
te
sted
in
d
iffe
r
ent
pl
a
ce
s
and
voltag
e
-
le
v
el
s
in
th
e
distr
ibut
ion
s
ystem
.
Th
e
proposed
m
et
h
od
eff
ec
t
ive
n
ess
in
enha
n
ci
ng
the
vo
lt
ag
e
profil
e
and
bal
an
ci
ng
th
e
r
ea
c
ti
ve
power
i
s
validated,
the
resul
ts
wer
e
r
epe
a
te
d
for
diffe
ren
t
sce
n
arios
of
expect
ed
cont
ing
enc
i
es.
The
vol
ta
g
e
pro
fil
e
,
power
flow,
and
re
acti
ve
power
b
alan
ce
of
th
e
distr
i
buti
on
sys
te
m
a
re
observe
d
using MATL
AB/S
im
uli
nk
software
.
Ke
yw
or
ds:
Squirrel ca
ge
i
nductio
n
gen
e
rato
r
Stat
ic
sy
nc
hro
nous
com
pensat
or
Vo
lt
age
stabil
it
y
Win
d
tu
r
bin
e
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC BY
-
SA
li
ce
nse
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ab
e
dalga
ny
Atham
neh
Ele
ct
rical
Pow
er E
ng
i
neer
i
ng D
e
par
tme
nt
Yarmo
uk
Un
i
ve
rsity
Un
i
ver
sit
yR
oa
d,
Irbid
, Postal
cod
e
21
163, J
orda
n
Emai
l:
athamne
h@y
u.
e
du.jo
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Win
d
ene
r
gy
a
s
the
seco
nd
mo
st
co
mm
only
us
e
d
r
ene
wa
ble
res
ource
c
on
t
rib
utes
eff
e
ct
ively
to
th
e
reducti
on
of
glo
bal
en
vir
onm
ental
poll
utio
n,
w
her
e
th
e
el
e
ct
rical
powe
r
ge
ner
at
e
d
by
wi
nd
tu
rb
i
nes
do
es
not
po
ll
ute
the
ai
r
nor
the
water.
Ex
pr
essl
y,
wind
ene
rgy
do
es
no
t
acce
le
rate
pace
of
the
gl
obal
warnin
g
[
1].
D
ue
to
the
unpredi
ct
able
c
hanges
in
weat
her
a
nd
cl
imat
e,
the
sta
bili
ty
an
d
qual
it
y
of
powe
r
pro
du
ce
d
by
wi
nd
tur
bin
es
are
th
r
eat
ed,
he
nce,
t
he
e
ff
ic
ie
ncy
of
t
he
w
ho
le
po
wer
s
ys
te
m
ma
y
be
de
grade
d
[2].
T
o
c
onti
nue
the
op
e
rati
on
with
ou
t
bein
g
is
ol
at
ed
by
protec
ti
on
de
vices,
wind
tur
bin
e
s
sh
oul
d
s
at
isfy
the
gr
i
d
co
des
w
hile
op
e
rati
ng
i
n
tr
ansient
co
ndit
i
on
s
.
C
onseq
ue
ntly,
an
e
ff
ic
ie
nt
f
ault
ride
th
r
ough
ca
pa
bili
ty
a
nd
a
sta
ble
vo
lt
age
prof
il
e a
re th
e
essenti
al
r
e
qu
i
r
ements
for hig
her pe
netrati
on
of w
i
nd
gen
e
r
at
ion
[3].
SCIG
is
directl
y
c
onnecte
d
to
the
netw
ork
t
hro
ugh
a
co
upli
ng
t
ran
s
f
or
m
e
r
as
il
lust
rate
d
in
Fig
ure
1.
The
wind
tu
rb
i
ne
s
peed
is
c
on
strai
ned
by
the
fr
e
quenc
y
of
t
he
ne
tw
ork,
s
ubse
qu
e
ntly,
SC
IG
operates within
a
narrow
ba
nd
a
rou
nd
the
s
yn
c
hro
nous
spe
ed
.
F
or
this
ty
pe
of
wind
t
urbin
es,
t
he
ge
ner
at
or
c
on
s
um
e
s
r
eact
ive
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Volta
ge
sta
bili
ty
enhance
men
t
for
l
ar
ge
sc
ale squirrel
c
ag
e
inducti
on
…
(
A
bedalg
any At
ham
ne
h
)
1785
powe
r
from
t
he
gr
id
t
o
crea
te
the
mag
netic
f
ie
ld
in
the
sta
tor
windin
gs
,
for
this
reas
on
S
CIG
is
eq
uippe
d
with
a capacit
or
bank
to
imp
r
ov
e
pow
e
r fact
or clo
se to
unit
y.
Figure
1. Pr
im
e move
r
a
nd conn
ect
io
ns o
f
s
quirrel ca
ge
in
duct
ion ge
ne
rator
Gr
i
d
c
od
e
s
a
r
e
a
set
of
st
and
a
r
ds
,
re
gu
l
at
ed
by
certai
n
a
ge
ncies,
t
ha
t
inclu
de
t
he
te
ch
nical
requireme
nts
t
he
wind
-
base
d
powe
r
s
ys
te
ms
s
hould
m
eet
for
well
sy
nc
hro
nized
gr
i
d
inter
co
nn
ect
ion
.
Gen
e
rall
y,
duri
ng
fa
ults
and
e
xtreme
l
oad
i
ng
cases,
syst
em
inabili
ty
to
balance
the
pro
du
ced
an
d
dema
nded
reacti
ve
power
le
ads
to
volt
age
insta
bili
ty
pro
blems
[
4].
SCIG
s
co
nsu
me
reacti
ve
powe
r
from
t
he
gr
i
d
to
create
the
ma
gn
et
ic
fiel
d
in
the
sta
tor
wi
nd
i
ngs,
wh
il
e
SCIG
s
ha
ve
a
ste
ep
to
rque
sp
ee
d
cha
racte
risti
c,
fluctuati
ons
in
the
wi
nd
po
wer
are
ref
le
c
te
d
directl
y
to
the
gri
d
pro
duci
ng
t
ran
sie
nt
s.
T
his
ma
y
c
ause
a
vo
lt
age
d
ist
urb
ance
durin
g
t
he
turbine
-
gri
d
connecti
on
[5].
Vo
lt
age
sta
bili
ty
is
a
c
r
ucial
issue
f
or
wi
nd
fa
rms
c
onnect
ed
t
o
po
wer
s
yst
ems
du
e
t
o
t
he
fact
t
hat
mo
st
of
wind
f
arms
a
re
locat
e
d
fa
r
a
way
fro
m
loa
d
cente
rs
wh
e
re
weak
gri
d
c
har
act
erist
ic
s
can
be
obs
erv
e
d.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
the
dange
r
of
vo
lt
a
ge
insta
bili
ty
in
wea
k
gr
i
d
be
comes
si
gn
i
ficant
an
d
wind
tur
bin
e
is
s
ubje
ct
ed
t
o
be
disc
onnect
ed
duri
ng
fa
ults
and
disturb
ances
[
6].
Lar
ge
co
mp
e
ns
at
i
on
ca
pacit
or
banks
c
ou
l
d
he
lp
to
impro
ve
the
volt
age
prof
il
e
of
SCI
G
wi
nd
farm
at
ste
ad
y
sta
te
co
ndit
ion
s
.
Howe
ver
,
if
the
reacti
ve
powe
r
su
pp
or
te
d
by
capaci
tors
dro
ps
s
ha
rp
l
y
in
cases
of
c
onti
ng
e
ncies
a
nd
l
ow
volt
age
co
nd
it
io
ns
,
wi
nd
tur
bin
e
gen
e
r
at
ors
disc
onnecti
on
from
the
gr
i
d
ma
y o
ccur.
Vo
lt
age
sta
bili
ty
is
de
fine
d
a
s
the
a
bili
ty
of
the
s
ys
te
m
to
s
us
ta
in
co
ns
ta
nt
vo
lt
a
ge
at
a
ll
buses
at
normal
co
ndit
ion
s
a
nd
afte
r
bein
g
s
ubje
ct
ed
t
o
a
dist
urba
nce
from
a
gi
ven
init
ia
l
ope
rati
ng
poi
nt
[
7].
The
ov
e
r
vo
lt
age
i
n
al
te
rn
at
ing
c
urre
nt
(A
C
)
po
wer
s
ys
te
m
ca
n
be
c
on
t
ro
ll
e
d
by
adj
us
ti
ng
the
amo
un
t
of
the
abs
orbed
reacti
ve
power,
wh
il
e
adjusti
ng
t
he
injec
te
d
reacti
ve
power
will
con
t
ro
l
t
he
unde
r
volt
age
at
c
ertai
n
po
i
nt
in
the
s
ys
te
m.
T
he
m
ai
n
reas
ons
f
or
volt
age
sta
bi
li
ty
prob
le
ms
in
powe
r
s
ys
te
m
are:
Hi
gh
r
eact
ive
powe
r
co
nsum
ption
at
hea
vy
loads
,
ge
ner
at
ion
plants
ar
e
too
far
from
l
oad
ce
nters
,
a
nd
la
rg
e
distu
r
ban
ce
s
betwee
n gen
e
r
at
ion
a
nd loa
d ce
nters.
It
is
essenti
al
to
mainta
i
n
the
powe
r
syst
em
vo
lt
age
sta
bili
ty
by
a
pro
per
volt
age
c
on
tr
ol
mecha
ni
sm,
in
order
to
av
oid
imp
rope
r
op
e
rati
on
c
onditi
on
s
f
or
the
sy
ste
m
e
qu
i
pme
nt
t
hat
ma
y
inclu
de
over
he
at
ing,
increase
of
l
osse
s,
a
nd
vo
lt
ag
e
colla
pse
.
W
he
n
t
he
s
ys
te
m
s
ta
rts
sup
ply
in
g
a
loa
d
w
hich
e
xceeds
it
s
ca
pa
bili
ty
to
preser
ve
t
he
volt
age
with
in
the
rat
ed
li
mit
,
the
loa
d
current
i
ncr
eas
es
at
the
sa
me
pace
as
the
volt
age
decr
ease
s.
Co
nse
quently
,
reac
ti
ve
po
wer
co
nsum
ptio
n
is
in
creased
,
a
nd
m
or
e
volt
age
dr
op
unti
l
reac
hing
t
o
a
sta
te
o
f v
oltage
co
ll
apse
[8].
Win
d
fa
rms
m
us
t
be
qual
ifie
d
to
operate
c
onti
nu
ously
within
t
he
vo
lt
age
an
d
f
reque
nc
y
boun
dar
ie
s
that
may
be
e
xp
e
rience
d
in
typ
ic
al
opera
ti
ng
co
ndit
ions.
More
over
,
wind
fa
rms
s
hould
sta
y
in
serv
ic
e
pro
du
ci
ng
reduced
powe
r
f
or
a
ce
rtai
n
pe
riod
wh
e
n
the
frequ
e
nc
y
excee
ds
the
li
mit
s
[
9].
T
w
o
main
con
t
rol
modes
c
ollab
orat
e
on
c
ontr
olli
ng
the
vo
lt
ag
e
of
wind
tu
r
bin
e:
1)
Tu
rb
i
ne
base
d
c
on
tr
ol,
by
w
hich
,
th
e
t
urbine
sh
oul
d
be
e
qu
ipp
e
d
by
s
pec
ific
con
tr
ol
s
yst
em
su
c
h
as
tho
se
c
ontrolli
ng
t
he
reacti
ve
powe
r
or
powe
r
factor
a
nd;
2)
s
ub
sta
ti
on
ba
se
d
c
ontr
ol:
w
he
re
flexi
ble
AC
tra
ns
missi
on
sy
ste
ms
fle
xib
l
e
al
te
rn
at
in
g
c
urren
t
transmissi
on s
ys
te
m
(FACTS
) or
s
witc
he
d
c
apacit
or
s
are
in
sta
ll
ed
to c
omp
ensate t
he
r
eac
ti
ve
powe
r.
T
o
e
nsure
the
s
ys
te
m stabil
it
y
accor
ding
t
o
gri
d
c
od
es
re
quir
ements,
f
or
cer
ta
in
durati
on,
w
in
d
farms
mu
st
be
a
ble
t
o
withsta
nd
volt
age
dip
s
to
s
pe
ci
fic
pe
rce
ntage
of
t
he
nomi
nal
vo
lt
a
ge.
T
he
se
re
quireme
nt
s
are
known
as
lo
w
vo
lt
age
ri
de
th
r
ough
(
LVRT
),
wh
ic
h
gu
a
ran
t
ee
a
quic
k
act
i
ve
a
nd
reacti
ve
powe
r
re
storat
ion
t
o
the
nor
mal
val
ues
as
the
y
we
re
b
e
fore
dist
urban
ce
s.
M
oreo
ver,
an
oth
e
r
gr
id
co
de
re
qu
i
re
ment
is
the
abi
li
ty
of
wind
power
pl
ant
(
WPP)
t
o
s
upply
reacti
ve
powe
r
at
the
point
of
t
he
c
ommo
n
c
ouplin
g
(
PCC
).
Be
ca
us
e
of
losses
in
co
nn
ect
ion
ca
bles
a
nd
li
ne
losse
s
betwee
n
WPP
and
PCC
,
inst
al
li
ng
reacti
ve
powe
r
ca
pab
il
it
y
in
every t
urbine ma
y be
not e
nough
t
o
sat
isf
y
t
he req
uirem
ent
s of
gr
i
d
c
od
es
[10].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
202
1
:
178
4
–
179
4
1786
On
e
c
om
m
on
so
luti
on
is
to
us
e
a
n
exte
rn
a
l
reacti
ve
po
w
er
c
ompe
ns
at
or.
The
instal
la
ti
on
of
la
rg
e
com
pensat
ion
capaci
tor
banks
help
s
im
prov
e
vo
lt
age
pro
file
of
t
he
sy
ste
m
at
ste
a
dy
sta
te
c
ondi
ti
on
s.
Nev
e
rtheless
,
capaci
tor
ba
nk
s
do
no
t
pro
vi
de
the
best
dyna
mic
res
ponse
at
co
nting
e
ncy
sit
uatio
ns
an
d
disturba
nces
w
hen
the
volt
ag
e
dro
ps
dr
a
mat
ic
al
ly.
More
ov
er,
wh
il
e
t
he
r
eact
ive
powe
r
gen
e
rated
by
a
shun
t
capaci
tor
is propo
rtion
al
t
o
t
he
s
quare of
th
e
ap
plied volt
age,
volt
age
i
ns
ta
bili
ty
ma
y
ca
us
e
t
he
re
act
iv
e
powe
r
su
pp
or
te
d
by
t
he
ca
pacit
ors
dro
ps
s
harpl
y.
As
a
res
ult,
t
he
wind
t
urbin
e
ma
y
be
is
olate
d
f
r
om
t
he
gri
d,
to
avo
i
d
s
uch
ev
ent
duri
ng
co
nt
ing
enc
y
a
nd
disturba
nce
sit
uations,
la
r
ge
amo
un
ts
of
re
act
ive
powe
r
can
be
injec
te
d or
a
bsor
be
d
to
imp
rove th
e
elec
tric
al
tran
sie
nt
res
ponse
of
t
he win
d
tu
r
bin
e
[11
].
Ov
e
r
the
past
year
s
,
resea
rc
h
pap
e
rs
in
vesti
gated
the
iss
ue
s
relat
ed
to
vo
lt
age
instabil
it
y
pr
o
blems
and
s
ys
te
m
rea
ct
ive
powe
r
ba
la
nce,
th
at
offe
red
dif
fer
e
nt
m
et
hods
a
nd
a
ppro
ac
hes
t
o
im
pro
ve
t
he
qu
al
it
y
of
the
gen
e
rated
powe
r.
A
uthor
s
A
hm
a
d
et
al
.
in
[
12],
in
vest
igate
d
t
he
pe
rformance
of
SC
IG
ba
sed
wi
nd
fa
rm,
durin
g
th
ree
-
phase
gr
id
fa
ult,
the
SCI
G
is
equ
i
pp
e
d
with
sta
ti
c
synch
r
onous
se
ries
com
pensat
or
(SSSC
).
M
ore
ov
e
r,
[
13]
pr
e
sents
t
he
impact
of
c
onne
ct
ing
SC
IG
-
ba
sed
wind
fa
r
ms
to
powe
r
s
yst
em
thr
ough
a
unifie
d
inter
-
ph
a
se
power
co
ntr
oller
(
UI
PC
),
t
he
powe
r
s
ys
te
m
sta
bili
ty,
as
w
el
l
as
the
e
nh
anc
eme
nt
of
t
he
lo
w
-
vo
lt
age
ride
-
th
rou
gh
L
VRT
c
apab
il
it
y
is
pre
sented
.
Ka
roui
et
al
.
[14
]
sta
r
ts
by
m
odel
ing
a
SCIG
base
d
wind
far
m
wh
il
e
co
nnect
ed
to
a
net
work,
thr
ough
simulat
ion,
t
he
impa
ct
of
c
onnecti
ng
STAT
COM
on
vo
lt
a
ge
dips
mit
igati
on
is
di
scusse
d.
A
f
uz
zy
lo
gic
-
base
d
ap
proac
h
to
enh
a
nce
the
st
eady
sta
te
volt
age
sta
bili
ty
f
or
a
gr
i
d
connecte
d
wi
nd
far
m
incl
ud
i
ng
m
ulti
typ
e
wind
gen
e
rato
r
s,
by
re
du
ci
ng
the
dev
ia
ti
on
in
the
volt
age
of
the
load
bu
s
[15
].
A
f
uzzy
base
d
con
tr
oller
s
upportin
g
the
co
ntr
oller
o
f
the
SV
C
co
ntr
oller
is
impleme
nted
t
o
enh
a
nce
the
l
ow
volt
age
ri
de
thr
ough
LVRT
capab
il
it
y
as
well
as
the
vo
l
ta
ge
sta
bili
ty
of
the
fa
rm
[
16]
.
SV
C
con
t
ro
ll
er
ba
se
d
on
a
da
ptive n
eu
r
o
-
fu
zz
y
i
nt
erf
ace
syst
em (AN
FI
S
)
is
d
esi
gn
e
d
to
imp
rov
e
the
volt
age
pro
file
of
the
wind
c
onnected
pow
er
s
ys
te
m
[
17]
.
T
he
e
ff
ect
of
im
plementi
ng
s
uperc
onduc
ti
ng
mag
netic
energ
y
stora
ge
(
SMES
)
with
t
he
wi
nd
ene
r
gy
ge
nerat
ion
s
ys
te
m
is
stud
ie
d
to
im
pro
ve
the
volt
ag
e
sta
bili
ty
of
r
adial
distrib
ution
s
yst
em
[
18].
A
model
-
f
ree
a
da
ptive
c
on
t
ro
l
(
M
F
AC)
is
de
velo
ped
in
orde
r
to
en
ha
nc
e
the
respo
ns
e
of
a
unifie
d
powe
r
fl
ow
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
unifie
d
powe
r
fl
ow
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
(
UP
FC
),
that
m
it
igate
s
the
ef
f
ect
of
wind
gusts
a
nd
some
c
on
ti
ngenc
y
c
onditi
ons
ma
y
dist
urb
the
op
e
rati
on
of
the
opera
ti
on
of
wi
nd
e
nerg
y
conve
rsion
s
yst
em
[19
].
T
he
op
e
rati
on
of
th
e
on
-
loa
d
ta
p
change
rs
(
OL
TCs)
is
co
ordi
nated
us
in
g
Ta
gu
s
hi
method t
o
im
pro
ve
t
he
volt
ag
e stabil
it
y
of a
sy
ste
m i
nclu
din
g wi
nd g
e
nerat
ion
by su
c
h
a
n
inte
racti
on bet
we
e
n
OLTCs
an
d
th
e
wi
nd
tu
r
bin
e
s
[
20]
.
Th
e
im
pact
of
in
sta
ll
i
ng
UP
FC
on
t
he
powe
r
qual
it
y
iss
ues,
im
prov
i
ng
transmissi
on
c
apacit
y,
an
d
the
gr
i
d
dyna
m
ic
res
pons
e
is
stud
ie
d
wh
e
n
connecte
d
at
t
he
point
of
c
ommo
n
couplin
g
PCC
[21].
This
w
ork
st
udie
s
the
im
pact
of
instal
li
ng
S
TATC
OM
at
di
ff
ere
nt
l
oc
at
io
ns
a
nd
volt
age
le
vel
points
on
t
he
vo
lt
age
sta
bili
ty
of
a
di
stribu
ti
on
s
ys
t
em,
a
la
r
ge
sca
le
SCIG
base
d
wind
tu
rb
i
ne
i
s
ad
op
te
d,
wh
i
le
the
vo
lt
age
s
at
di
fferent
syst
em
buses
are
ob
se
r
ved
at
some
propose
d
co
ntin
ge
ncy
cases
.
Th
is
pa
per
is
org
anize
d
is
be
in
g
as:
In
par
t
2,
pro
pos
ed
met
hod
a
nd
eq
uip
me
nt
a
r
e
pr
e
sente
d
in
detai
l.
I
n
pa
rt
3,
resear
ch
me
thod,
par
a
mete
r
ide
ntific
at
ion
a
nd
modeli
ng
of
the
case
stu
dy
s
ys
te
m
a
nd
pro
pose
d
con
ti
nge
ncy
ca
ses
ar
e
discusse
d.
I
n
par
t
4,
sim
ulati
on
res
ults
f
or
dif
fer
e
nt
o
perat
ion
sce
na
rios
are
desc
ribe
d
an
d
discu
ssed
,
an
d
finall
y, co
nclu
sion
s
are
draw
n
in
p
a
rt
4.
2.
PROP
OSE
D
METHO
D
To
achie
ve
t
he
pre
viously
me
ntion
e
d
s
ys
te
m
re
quireme
nts,
flexible
AC
tra
ns
missi
on
s
ys
t
em
dev
ic
es
FA
CTS
su
c
h
a
s
ST
ATCO
M
a
nd
U
PFC
a
re
be
ing
us
e
d
wide
ly
in
c
ontr
ol
of
powe
r
s
ys
te
m
s
due
to
their
a
bili
ty
to
prov
i
de
rea
ct
ive
po
wer
ba
la
nce
a
nd
flexible
powe
r
fl
ow
c
on
tr
ol
[
22]
.
S
TATC
O
M
has
the
a
bili
ty
to
ov
e
rr
i
de
vo
lt
ag
e
sta
bili
ty
thr
e
at
s,
this
pap
e
r
exp
l
or
es
the
i
mp
act
of
instal
li
ng
S
TATC
O
M
at
dif
fer
e
nt
vo
lt
age
po
i
nts
to
mit
ig
at
e
the
adv
e
rse
eff
ect
of
some
commo
n
co
nting
e
ncies
on
th
e
op
e
rati
on
an
d
the
sta
bili
ty
of
the
distrib
ution
s
yst
em
c
onnecte
d
t
o
SCI
G
wi
nd
tu
r
bin
es,
w
her
e
s
ys
te
m
volt
age
pro
file
and
reacti
ve
powe
r
balance
are c
ompa
red f
or bot
h healt
hy
an
d c
on
ti
nge
ncy sce
nar
i
os
.
2.1.
St
ati
c sync
hronous
com
pens
ator
(S
TAT
C
OM
)
FA
CTS
de
vice
s
are
i
ns
ta
ll
ed
in
wind
far
m
co
nn
ect
e
d
net
works
to
en
ha
nce
the
dy
na
mic
an
d
t
he
transient sta
bili
ty of th
e
power system.
The
y are cla
ssifie
d
a
ccordin
g
to t
he
w
ay
t
hey
a
re c
on
nected t
o
gri
d; 1)
sh
unt
-
c
onnecte
d
dev
ic
es
li
ke
STA
TC
O
M
a
nd
sta
ti
c
Va
r
c
ompe
ns
at
or
(SV
C),
a
nd
2)
se
ries
-
co
nnect
ed
de
vices
li
ke
sta
ti
c
sync
hro
nous
series
com
pensat
or
(
SSSC)
[
23]
.
S
hunt
-
c
onnecte
d
FA
CT
S
de
vices
hav
e
a
vita
l
ta
sk
in
enh
a
ncin
g
t
he
volt
age
sta
bi
li
ty
of
the
net
work
by
re
duci
ng
reacti
ve
losses,
da
mp
i
ng
of
powe
r
sy
ste
m
os
ci
ll
at
ion
s,
and c
on
t
ro
ll
in
g p
ow
e
r flo
w
a
nd
transmissi
on li
ne vo
lt
age
[2
4].
STA
TC
O
M
is
a
co
ntr
olled
re
act
ive
po
wer
s
ource
ai
ms
t
o
i
mpro
ve
t
he
t
ra
ns
ie
nt
sta
bili
ty
of
s
ys
te
ms
by
regul
at
ing
the
bus
injec
te
d
cu
rr
e
nt
[
25].
I
ns
ta
ll
ing
S
TATC
OM
c
ontrib
utes
to
th
e
c
ompensati
on
f
or
sag/swell
ef
fe
ct
s,
suppressi
ng
of
li
ne
c
urr
ents
ha
rm
onic
s,
co
rr
ect
io
n
of
powe
r
fact
or,
mit
igati
on
of
bus
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Volta
ge
sta
bili
ty
enhance
men
t
for
l
ar
ge
sc
ale squirrel
c
ag
e
inducti
on
…
(
A
bedalg
any At
ham
ne
h
)
1787
vo
lt
age
fl
uctua
ti
on
s,
an
d
tran
s
missi
on
li
ne
re
act
ive
po
wer
c
ompen
sat
ion
[
26].
ST
ATCO
M
as
s
hunt
c
on
nected
FA
CTS
co
ntr
ol
le
r
is
a
powe
r
el
ect
ronic
-
bas
ed
s
ynch
r
onou
s
Va
r
c
ompe
nsa
tor
that
ge
ne
rates
a
t
hr
ee
-
phase
reacti
ve
powe
r
in
s
yn
c
hro
nis
m
with
the
tra
ns
missi
on
li
ne
vo
lt
age
.
ST
AT
COM
is
co
nne
ct
ed
t
hroug
h
c
ouplin
g
tran
s
forme
r
a
nd
act
s
a
s
a
source
of
reacti
ve
powe
r
(ca
pa
ci
tor)
or
a
sin
k
of
reacti
ve
powe
r
(i
nduct
or).
For
weak
gr
i
ds
ope
rati
on
c
onditi
ons,
ST
ATC
O
M
tra
ns
ie
nt
res
pons
e
is
m
or
e
eff
ic
ie
nt
tha
n
that
of
S
VC,
ba
sed
on
it
s low
er
ove
rs
hoots a
nd f
a
ste
r
re
spo
ns
e c
ompare
d wit
h
t
hose for
the
SV
C
[27].
2.2.
STATC
OM
c
on
s
truct
i
on
STA
TC
O
M
c
onsist
s of t
he fol
lowing
pa
rts:
a.
Vo
lt
age
-
s
ource
in
ver
te
r
(
VSI)
,
se
rv
es
to
tra
nsfo
rms
the
in
put
vo
lt
age
as
a
dire
ct
cu
rrent
(D
C)
to
a
n
AC
vo
lt
age
at the
outp
ut, base
d on one
of the
fo
ll
ow
i
ng VSI t
yp
es:
-
In
s
ulate
d
gate
bipolar
tran
sist
or
s
(
I
GBT)
bas
ed
PWM
in
vert
ers,
c
reate
a
si
nu
s
oi
dal
wav
e
f
orm
from
a
DC v
oltage
s
ource
acc
ordin
g
to pulse
-
widt
h
m
odulati
on
(
P
W
M
).
Pas
sive f
il
te
rs
at
th
e AC
side of
t
he
VS
I
are
instal
le
d
in
or
der
t
o mi
ti
gate
harmo
nic.
-
Gate
tu
rn
-
off
Th
yr
ist
ors
bas
ed
s
quare
-
wa
ve
in
ver
te
r
s,
i
nc
lud
e
f
our
set
s
of
th
ree
-
le
vel
inv
e
rters
tha
t
com
pose a
48
-
ste
p vo
lt
age
wavef
orm.
The
y are a
ble to c
ontrol
reacti
ve p
ower
f
lo
w b
y
a
dj
us
ti
ng the
-
DC in
put v
oltage.
b.
DC
-
li
nk ca
paci
tor
t
o
s
upply
th
e inv
e
rter
with
the D
C
volt
age
.
c.
Ind
uctive
reacta
nce
(X)
w
hic
h
represe
nts
t
he
le
a
kag
e
in
duct
ance
of
a
c
ouplin
g
tr
ans
f
ormer
bet
ween
inv
e
rter a
nd po
wer syste
m.
d.
Harmo
nic f
il
te
rs
a
re in
sta
ll
ed
to miti
gate the
high
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y com
pone
nts
pro
duced
by t
he
inv
e
rter
s
[28].
2.3.
STATC
OM
opera
tion
A
distrib
utio
n
sy
ste
m
sup
ply
i
ng
a
l
oad
wit
h
instal
le
d
s
hunt
com
pe
ns
at
or
(S
T
ATCO
M)
i
s
sho
wn
in
Figure
2, the c
urren
t
draw
n from
ST
ATCO
M
is
de
fine
d
as
I
c
a
nd is
giv
e
n b
y [29]
:
=
−
(1)
Figure
2. ST
A
TCOM g
ene
ral sy
ste
m
d
ia
gr
a
m
T
h
e
d
e
s
i
r
e
d
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
I
c
e
q
u
a
l
s
t
o
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
(
I
L
)
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
(
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
)
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
(
I
s
)
.
T
h
e
b
a
s
i
c
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
d
e
p
e
n
d
s
o
n
t
w
o
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
f
a
c
t
s
:
1
)
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
l
o
w
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
l
e
a
di
n
g
p
o
i
n
t
t
o
w
a
r
d
t
h
e
l
a
g
g
i
n
g
p
o
i
n
t
a
n
d
2
)
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
l
o
w
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
r
t
o
t
h
e
l
o
w
e
r
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
m
a
g
n
i
t
u
d
e
p
o
i
n
t
.
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
a
t
,
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
s
e
r
v
e
s
t
o
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
e
t
h
e
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
l
o
w
b
y
a
d
j
u
s
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
p
r
od
u
c
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
V
S
I
w
i
t
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
t
o
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
.
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
h
a
s
t
w
o
m
o
d
e
s
o
f
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
:
2.3.1.
V
olt
age
regu
l
at
i
on
m
od
e
In
t
his
mode,
vo
lt
age
re
gu
la
t
ion
is
ac
hieve
d
by
c
ontr
olli
ng
a
value
of
rea
ct
ive
powe
r
th
at
absorb
e
d
from
or d
el
iver
ed
t
o
the
p
owe
r
s
ys
te
m
thr
ou
gh
a V
S
I
.
T
o
e
ns
ure
that
act
iv
e
po
wer
flo
w
is
zer
o,
the
volt
age
gen
e
rated
by t
he VSI t
hro
ug
h
the
D
C
-
li
nk
capaci
tor
sho
ul
d be in
phase
with the
s
ys
te
m volt
age
(
=
0
).
2.3.2.
V
ar
c
ontr
ol mode
Wh
e
re
t
he
reac
ti
ve
po
wer
out
pu
t
is
pr
ese
r
ve
d
c
onsta
nt
i
nd
e
pende
ntly
fro
m
oth
e
r
s
ys
te
m
par
a
mete
rs.
As
s
how
n
i
n
Fi
gure
3, the
d
-
q com
pone
nts
of r
efe
re
nce c
urr
ents ca
n be
ob
t
ai
ned
by
[29]
:
∗
=
̄
+
(2)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
202
1
:
178
4
–
179
4
1788
∗
=
̄
+
(3)
Figure
3. Com
pu
ta
ti
on
of r
e
f
eren
ce
sou
rce
currents
(d a
nd q
c
omp
on
e
nts
)
and
are
the
lo
ad
c
urren
t
ave
r
age
values
of
t
he
d
-
a
nd
q
-
a
xi
s
co
mpo
nen
ts.
is
the
outp
ut
of
the
AC
volt
age
co
ntr
oller
an
d
is
the
outp
ut
of
the
DC
volt
age
c
ontr
oller.
(
u
)
is
a
lo
gical
var
ia
ble
e
qu
al
to
ei
ther
zer
o
i
n
Var
-
co
ntr
ol
m
od
e
or
on
e
in
vo
lt
age
-
re
gula
ti
on
mode.
is
on
e
in
volt
age
regulat
io
n
m
ode
wh
e
re i
n Var
c
on
t
ro
l
mode is
def
i
ned by
(4). Fo
r un
it
y pow
er f
act
or
∗
is zer
o
a
nd
is 0
as
well
[29].
=
∗
̄
(4)
Wh
e
re
(
∗
)
is
th
e
s
ource
refe
re
nce
reacti
ve
powe
r
an
d
(
̄
)
t
he
ave
ra
ge
react
ive
powe
r
t
hat
can
be
ob
ta
ine
d b
y:
̄
=
|
|
̄
(5)
The
ave
ra
ge
va
lue
of
̄
an
d
̄
is
the
ou
t
puts
of
two
i
den
ti
cal
low
pa
ss
filt
ers
(
G
(s
)
is
transfe
r
functi
on) [
29].
[
̄
̄
]
=
(
)
[
]
(6)
The d
-
q
c
omp
onents
are o
btained
as:
[
]
=
[
−
]
[
]
(7)
[
∗
∗
]
=
[
−
]
[
∗
∗
]
(8)
3.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
Using
M
AT
L
AB/Si
mu
li
nk,
a
distrib
ution
s
ys
te
m
s
upply
i
ng
a
wi
nd
farm
is
the
subje
ct
of
this
pa
per.
Figure
4
s
hows
a
132
kV
gr
i
d
su
ppli
es
a
33
kV
distrib
utio
n
sy
ste
m
co
nnec
te
d
to
a
wind
f
arm
an
d
ot
her
l
oads.
Sy
ste
m
p
a
rame
te
rs
are
li
ste
d
i
n
Ta
ble
1.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Volta
ge
sta
bili
ty
enhance
men
t
for
l
ar
ge
sc
ale squirrel
c
ag
e
inducti
on
…
(
A
bedalg
any At
ham
ne
h
)
1789
Figure
4. Ci
rcui
t
diagr
a
m
of the case
stu
dy
The
vo
lt
age
re
sp
onse
a
nd
th
e
reacti
ve
po
w
er
bala
nce
of
the
distri
bu
ti
on
sy
ste
m
will
be
ob
s
er
ved
unde
r
eac
h
of
the
f
ollo
wing
normal
a
nd
c
onti
ng
e
nc
y
case
s
[
30]:
1)
at
t
he
i
ns
ta
nt
of
c
onnecti
ng
t
he
wind
tur
bin
es
t
o
the
gr
i
d
(normal
conditi
ons);
2)
sudd
e
n
l
oad
c
hanges;
3)
sud
den
inter
ruptio
n
of
some
el
ec
tric
al
loads
f
or
s
peci
fic
ti
me;
4)
c
onnecti
ng
fl
uctu
at
ing
l
oa
ds
su
c
h
a
s
a
rc
f
urnac
es;
an
d
5)
sin
gle
li
ne
to
gro
un
d
fa
ult
at
medium
vo
lt
age
le
vel.
E
ach
co
ntin
ge
nc
y
case
in
a
ddit
ion
to
nor
mal
case
will
be
ap
plied
unde
r
the
fo
ll
owin
g
t
hr
ee
operati
on sce
na
rios:
a.
Sy
ste
m
w
it
ho
ut
co
m
pensat
ion de
vices.
b.
Sy
ste
m
w
it
h S
TATC
OM inst
al
le
d
at
lo
w vol
ta
ge
le
vel clos
e to
wind tu
r
bin
e
(point
X
2
).
c.
Sy
ste
m
w
it
h S
TATC
OM inst
al
le
d
at
me
dium v
oltage le
ve
l (33
K
V
bus
ba
r
-
po
i
nt X
1
).
The
sim
ulati
on
par
a
mete
rs
of
the
ST
ATC
O
M
c
on
t
ro
ll
ers
are
li
ste
d
in
T
able
2.
T
he
re
su
lt
s
inclu
de
the
po
wer
ge
ne
rated
by
the
wind
tu
r
bin
es,
act
ive
po
wer
flo
w,
balance
of
reacti
ve
po
wer,
volt
age
pro
file
at
low v
oltage le
vel 40
0 V a
nd
at
me
dium
volt
age
busb
a
r 33
KV.
Table
1.
Distri
bu
ti
on li
ne
paramet
ers
Para
m
eter
+
Ve Sequ
en
ce
Zer
o
Sequ
en
ce
Res
istan
ce
0
.11
5
3
Ω/km
0
.41
3
Ω
/k
m
Ind
u
ctan
ce
1
.05
m
H/k
m
3
.32
m
H/k
m
Cap
acitance
1
1
.33
nF/k
m
5
.01
nF/k
m
Table
2.
Para
m
et
ers
f
or ST
AT
COM
co
ntr
ollers
Para
m
eter
Sy
m
b
o
l
Valu
e
AC Vo
ltag
e Co
n
tr
o
ller
(P
I
Co
n
troller
)
K
P
5
K
I
1000
DC Vo
ltag
e Co
n
tr
o
ller
(P
I
Co
n
troller
)
K
P
0
.1 e
-
3
K
I
2
0
e
-
3
Cu
rr
en
t Co
n
troller
(PI
Co
n
troller
–
d
a
n
d
q ch
an
n
els)
K
P
0
.3
K
I
10
Co
n
v
erter
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
R (pu
)
0
.00
7
L
(pu
)
0
.22
Refere
n
ce
Voltag
e
(
pu
)
1
.0
STAT
C
OM
Co
n
v
e
rter
Rat
in
g
18
DC
-
lin
k
total eq
u
iv
alen
t capacito
r
3
7
5
µF
4.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
This
pa
per
ex
pl
or
es
t
he
e
ff
ect
of
S
TATC
O
M
on
vo
lt
ag
e
sta
bili
ty
an
d
re
act
ive
po
wer
ba
la
nce
f
or
a
la
rg
e
-
scal
e
wi
nd
tu
rb
i
ne
c
on
nected
distri
buti
on
s
ys
te
m
.
T
he
res
ults
an
d
the
rec
om
me
nd
at
io
ns
will
i
nclu
de
sy
ste
m
volt
age
res
ponse
a
nd
a
co
mp
a
rison
of
the
im
pact
of
instal
li
ng
S
TATC
OM
at
l
ow
vo
lt
age
le
ve
l
an
d
medium
volt
ag
e
le
vel
for
di
fferent
disturba
nc
e
sit
uations
a
nd
l
oad
c
onditi
on
s
i
n
ad
diti
on
to
nor
mal
ope
rati
on
case.
4.1.
Ca
se
(1)
In
t
his
case,
t
he
s
ys
te
m
op
e
rates
at
nor
ma
l
conditi
on
s
,
s
ys
te
m
par
a
mete
rs
(
volt
age,
a
ct
ive
powe
r
flo
w,
an
d
react
ive
powe
r
bala
nce)
are
ob
ta
i
ne
d
with
ou
t
an
d
with
in
sta
ll
ing
ST
ATCO
M
at
low
a
nd
me
diu
m
vo
lt
age
le
vels,
Ta
ble
3
a
nd
T
able
4
sho
w
both
volt
age
valu
es
an
d
reacti
ve
powe
r
bala
nce
at
eac
h
op
erati
ng
scenari
o.
M
ai
nt
ai
nin
g
t
he
vol
ta
ge
withi
n
the
normal
li
mit
s,
le
ads
the
wind
tu
rb
i
ne
to
ge
ner
at
e
the
rate
d
real
powe
r
(
3
MW
)
an
d
t
o
c
on
s
ume
a
reacti
ve
powe
r
of
1.4
M
V
AR.
As
show
n
i
n
Ta
ble
4,
t
he
reacti
ve
powe
r
flo
w
from
gri
d
to d
ist
rib
utio
n
has
b
een
re
du
ced f
r
om
3.2
0 MVAR
t
o
2.6
5
MV
AR b
y
ins
ta
ll
ing
ST
ATC
OM
at
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
202
1
:
178
4
–
179
4
1790
po
i
nt
(
X
2
)
a
nd
re
du
ce
d
f
ur
t
he
r
to
1.3
MV
Ar
w
he
n
t
he
S
TATC
OM
is
i
ns
ta
ll
ed
at
point
(
X
1
)
.
W
hich
mea
ns
that
instal
li
ng
STA
TC
O
M
at
medium
volt
ag
e
le
vel
gen
e
rat
es
more
reacti
ve
po
wer
th
an
that
gen
e
rated
wh
e
n
it
is instal
le
d
at
low volt
age le
vel.
Table
3.
A
s
ummar
y for s
ys
t
em volt
age
r
es
ults at
normal
and tu
rbulat
ed c
ases
Op
eration
Scenari
o
W
ith
o
u
t ST
ATCO
M
STAT
C
OM
at low
Voltag
e
STAT
C
OM
at 33
k
V
Bu
s 1
Vo
ltag
e
Bu
s 2
Vo
ltag
e
Bu
s 1
Vo
ltag
e
Bu
s 2
Vo
ltag
e
Bu
s 1
Vo
ltag
e
Bu
s 2
Vo
ltag
e
Cas
e 1
0
.96
8
0
.98
7
0
.97
5
0
.99
8
0
.99
3
1
.01
4
Cas
e 2
0
.91
0
.92
0
.95
0
.99
2
0
.98
1
.01
Cas
e 3
1
.08
5
1
.14
1
.00
5
1
.01
1
.01
1
.03
Cas
e 4
0
.95
0
.96
8
0
.96
8
0
.99
5
0
.98
8
1
.01
Cas
e 5
0
.76
0
.8
0
.84
0
.96
0
.92
0
.95
Table
4.
Reac
ti
ve powe
r
(
Mva
r)
from
grid
to dist
rib
ution are
a
at
normal
and tu
r
bu
la
te
d ca
ses
Op
eration
Scenari
o
W
ith
o
u
t ST
ATCO
M
STAT
C
OM
at L
o
w Voltag
e
STAT
C
OM
at 33
k
V
Cas
e 1
3
.2
2
.65
1
.3
Cas
e 2
7
4
.45
2
.3
Cas
e 3
-
7
.34
1
.2
0
.8
Cas
e 4
4
.26
4
.08
3
.87
5
Cas
e 5
3
.2
-
4
.05
-
1
1
.2
4.2.
Ca
se
(2)
Fo
r
t
his
case,
t
he
syst
em
will
exp
e
rience
a
s
udde
n
incr
ease
in
the
reacti
ve
power
dema
nd
(
Mvar
)
at
bu
s
4
f
or
1.0
s
econd.
Fi
gure
5
s
how
s
t
he
vo
lt
age
at
33
kV
bu
s
ba
r
(
bu
s
1).
Bot
h
volt
ages
at
33
kV
a
nd
400
V
bu
s
es
will
af
fe
ct
the
operati
on
of
wind
tu
rbi
ne,
the
reacti
ve
powe
r
(
Mvar
)
imp
or
te
d
f
r
om
gri
d
for
the
three
op
e
rati
ng sce
na
rios
is
il
lustra
te
d
i
n Table
3.
Figure
5. V
oltage
(pu) at
bus
1
The
high
react
ive
power
de
m
and
at
bu
s
4
(dur
i
ng
the
ti
me
per
i
od
f
rom
15
sec
to
16
sec)
le
ads
t
o
a
vo
lt
age
dr
op
at
bus
1
(
0.9
1
pu)
a
nd
at
bu
s
2
(0.92
pu)
,
w
hi
le
these
volt
ag
es
are
im
pro
ve
d
to
reac
h
(0.95
pu)
and
(
0.9
92
pu)
res
pecti
vely
by
i
ns
ta
ll
ing
ST
ATCO
M
at
lo
w
volt
age
si
de
(
po
i
nt
X
2
),
a
nd
t
o
(0.98
pu)
an
d
(1.01
pu)
w
he
n
it
is
i
ns
ta
ll
ed
at
medi
um
volt
age
si
de
(po
int
X
1
)
as
li
ste
d
in
Ta
ble
3.
Vo
lt
age
var
ia
ti
on
on
wind
tu
rb
i
ne
bu
s
ba
r
af
fects
the
tu
rb
i
ne
outp
ut
po
wer
wh
ic
h
var
ie
s
from
2.8
5
MW
to
3.1
5
MW.
T
he
STA
TC
O
M
na
rrow
s
t
he
ga
p
of
ou
t
put
pow
er
to
be
2.9
3
MW
unti
l
3.0
4
MW
.
This
va
riat
ion
incl
udes
the
reacti
ve
pow
er
c
on
s
um
e
d
by
wind
t
urbine
a
s
well
.
T
he
rea
ct
ive
power
va
ries
from
1.1
M
V
AR
to
1.9
M
V
AR,
bu
t
by
usi
ng
S
TATC
OM
the
value
re
mains
cl
os
e
t
o
1.4
MVAR
.
Ta
ble
4
sh
ows
the
im
pa
ct
of
STATC
OM
on
reducin
g
the
reacti
ve
po
we
r
imp
ort
ed
from
t
he
gri
d
at
diff
e
ren
t
i
nst
al
la
ti
on
scen
arios.
Mo
reov
er,
by
increasin
g
t
he
reacti
ve
po
wer
dema
nd
at
bu
s
4,
t
he
inc
re
ment
in
t
he
ac
ti
ve
powe
r
fl
ows
f
r
om
distribu
ti
on
sy
ste
m
to
gri
d
is
obvi
ously
a
f
fected
by
i
ns
ta
ll
ing
STATC
O
M
,
w
hich
reac
hes
t
o
600,
300,
an
d
100
kW
f
or
t
he
scenari
os
of op
erati
on w
it
hout
ST
ATC
OM, w
it
h
ST
ATCO
M
at
lo
w
volt
age,
an
d
with
S
TATC
OM
at
med
iu
m
vo
lt
age
, respe
c
ti
vely.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Volta
ge
sta
bili
ty
enhance
men
t
for
l
ar
ge
sc
ale squirrel
c
ag
e
inducti
on
…
(
A
bedalg
any At
ham
ne
h
)
1791
4.3.
Ca
se
(3)
A
s
udde
n
i
nter
ruptio
n
of
som
e
el
ect
rical
loa
ds
at
bus
2
is
app
li
ed
on
the
sy
ste
m
f
or
sho
rt
pe
rio
d
of
ti
me
(1.0
sec
ond).
As
co
nclu
ded
in
c
ase
2,
the
vo
lt
a
ge
va
riat
ion
at
bus
1
a
nd
bus
2
cou
l
d
be
redu
ced
by
instal
li
ng
ST
A
TCOM
at
low
or
medi
um
volt
age
side
,
in
more
ef
fici
ent
man
ner
w
hen
it
is
instal
le
d
at
the
medium
vo
lt
ag
e
side,
res
ults
are
li
ste
d
in
Ta
ble
3.
T
he
vo
lt
age
var
ia
ti
ons
will
aff
ect
the
op
e
rati
on
of
t
he
wind
tur
bin
e
as
sho
wn
in
Fi
gure
6,
an
d
th
us
t
he
resu
lt
ant
t
urbi
ne
gen
e
rated
powe
r
will
aff
e
ct
the
po
wer
flow
an
d
reacti
ve po
we
r
b
al
ance
in
the
distrib
ution s
yst
em.
Figure
6. Acti
ve
pow
e
r ge
ner
a
te
d
by
wind t
urbine (
M
W
)
Du
e
t
o
loa
ding
disturba
nce,
a
con
si
der
a
ble
vo
lt
age
i
ncr
eas
e
ta
kes
place
a
t
main
bus1
(
1.0
9
pu)
a
nd
bu
s
2
(1.15
pu).
S
uc
h
volt
ag
e
increase
c
ou
l
d
cau
se
trip
ping
of
the
wind
t
urbines
by
the
op
e
rati
on
of
tu
rb
i
ne
ov
e
r
vo
lt
age
protect
ion
s
ys
te
m;
this
tripp
i
ng
f
or
ces
t
he
di
stribu
ti
on
s
ys
t
em
to
imp
ort
6.0
MW
from
gr
id
t
o
su
ppl
y
the
de
man
d
at
bus
3.
M
ore
ov
e
r,
a
r
eflect
ion
of
re
act
ive
powe
r
fl
ow
t
ow
a
r
ds
th
e
gr
i
d
is
obser
ved
due
to
the
sig
nific
ant
co
ntri
bu
ti
on
of
wi
nd
fa
r
m
capa
ci
tor
ba
nks
in
ge
ne
r
at
ing
reacti
ve
powe
r,
w
hich
are
no
longer
sup
ply
i
ng the is
olate
d win
d
tu
r
bin
es.
On the
oth
e
r h
and,
by instal
li
ng ST
ATCO
M, the
volt
age inc
rease
pro
du
ce
d
by
l
oa
d
i
nterru
ption
is
li
mit
ed
t
o
a
ccepta
ble
valu
es
at
lo
w
volt
age
bus
a
nd
no
no
ov
e
r
volt
ag
e
will
be
ex
pe
rience
d,
w
hich
kee
p
s
t
he
wi
nd
tur
bine
in
ser
vice
in
normal
op
e
rati
on
mode,
w
here
3
M
W
outp
ut
will
be gene
rated
a
ccordin
gly.
4.4.
Ca
se
(4)
The
s
ys
te
m
wil
l
be
e
xpos
e
d
t
o
a
va
riable
i
nductive
l
oad
at
bu
s
5
f
or
10
se
conds
.
Vo
lt
age
va
riat
ion
at
bu
s
2
is
il
lustr
at
ed
i
n
Fig
ur
e
7.
The
c
onti
nuous
var
ia
ti
on
s
on
vo
lt
ag
e
va
lues
a
ff
ect
th
e
ope
rati
on
of
wi
nd
tur
bin
e
a
nd
re
act
ive
powe
r
balance
i
n
the
distrib
utio
n
s
ys
te
m.
I
ns
ta
ll
i
ng
ST
ATCO
M
c
on
tri
bute
s
to
th
e
reducti
on
of
th
ese
changes
in
vo
lt
age
si
gn
i
ficantl
y,
wh
ic
h
in
tur
n
mit
igate
s
the
var
ia
ti
on
s
in
the
in
the
wind
tur
bin
e
outp
ut
act
ive
a
nd
reac
ti
ve
power,
an
d
th
us
m
od
if
y
the
powe
r
flo
w
sta
tus
an
d
re
act
ive
power
ba
la
nce
in the dist
ri
bu
ti
on syst
em as
il
lustrate
d
i
n
Ta
ble 4.
Figure
7. V
oltage
(pu) at
w
i
nd turbine
bus (
bus2)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
Dr
i
S
ys
t
,
V
ol
.
12
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
202
1
:
178
4
–
179
4
1792
4.5.
Ca
se
(5)
The
s
ys
te
m
wi
ll
exp
erie
nce
a
sing
le
li
ne
t
o
gro
und
f
ault
at
a
point
locat
e
d
be
twee
n
bus
1
a
nd
bus
5
for
a
pe
rio
d
of
ti
me
(f
r
om
14
sec
to
14.
4
sec
).
T
he
V
oltage
dip
s
at
bus
1
an
d
bus
2
duri
ng
that
ti
me
per
io
d
are
li
ste
d
in
Ta
ble
3.
The
volt
age
respo
ns
e
duri
n
g
th
e
fa
ult
a
ff
e
ct
s
the
operati
on
of
t
he
wind
tur
bin
e
as
sho
wn
in
Figure
8,
a
nd
thu
s
wi
nd
t
urbi
ne
outp
ut
af
fec
ts
the
powe
r
flow
a
nd
reacti
ve
powe
r
bala
nc
e
in
the
distribu
ti
on
sy
ste
m a
s li
ste
d
in
Ta
ble 4.
A
c
onside
ra
ble
volt
age
dro
p
t
akes
place
at
bus
1
tha
t
reach
es
(
0.7
7
pu)
,
wh
il
e
the
volt
a
ge
at
bus
2
sh
ows
a
val
ue
of
(
0.82
pu),
su
c
h
a
vo
lt
age
dr
op
le
ads
t
o
disco
nnect
the
wi
nd
tu
r
bin
e
from
the
gri
d
by
the
unde
r
vo
lt
age
protect
ion
syst
em.
T
rip
ping
of
wind
t
urbin
e
f
or
ces
the
di
stribu
ti
on
sy
st
em
to
im
port
6
M
W
from
gri
d
to
c
ov
e
r
the
de
ma
nd
at
bus
3.
Also
due
t
o
t
he
s
ign
ific
a
nt
c
on
t
rib
ution
of
the
capaci
tor
of
th
e
wi
nd
tur
bin
e
i
n
reac
ti
ve
po
wer
pro
du
ci
ng,
reacti
ve
pow
er
flo
w
r
eflect
ion
will
be
e
xperienc
ed
that
le
ad
s
to
e
xport
the
re
act
ive
po
wer
to
the
gri
d.
I
ns
ta
ll
ing
ST
ATCO
M
at
po
i
nt
x2
li
mit
s
the
volt
age
dro
ps
at
bus
1
an
d
bu
s
2
to
values
of
(
0.85)
a
nd
(0.96)
re
sp
ect
ively
,
w
hile
instal
li
ng
S
TATC
OM
at
x1
e
nhance
the
vo
lt
age
prof
il
e
to
the
values
of
(0.92
pu)
an
d
(0.95
)
res
pecti
vely
.
The
acce
ptable
volt
age
value
s
at
bus
2
le
a
ds
the
wi
nd
tu
rb
i
ne
for
a nor
mal o
pera
ti
on
c
onditi
on
at
r
at
ed o
utput
powe
r of
(
3 M
W).
Figure
8. Acti
ve
pow
e
r (
M
W
)
, from
wind tu
r
bin
e
A
c
c
e
p
t
a
b
l
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
l
e
v
e
l
a
t
bu
s
2
e
n
s
u
r
e
s
t
he
n
o
r
m
a
l
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
w
i
n
d
t
ur
b
i
n
e
t
o
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
t
h
e
r
a
t
e
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
p
o
w
e
r
.
S
e
v
e
r
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
d
r
o
p
d
u
e
t
o
f
a
u
l
t
o
c
c
u
r
r
e
n
c
e
l
e
a
d
s
t
o
t
h
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
u
nd
e
r
-
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
o
l
a
t
e
s
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
i
n
e
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
.
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
l
y
,
6
.
0
M
W
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
i
m
p
o
r
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
t
o
c
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
d
e
m
a
n
d
a
t
b
u
s
3
.
M
o
r
e
o
v
e
r
,
a
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
f
l
o
w
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
t
a
k
e
s
p
l
a
c
e
t
o
w
a
r
d
s
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
,
t
o
dr
a
i
n
t
he
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
c
o
nt
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
b
a
n
k
s
i
n
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
f
a
r
m
.
W
h
i
l
e
I
n
s
t
a
l
l
i
n
g
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
h
e
l
p
s
t
o
k
e
e
p
t
h
e
t
u
r
b
i
n
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
,
a
n
d
s
o
n
o
p
o
w
e
r
i
n
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
w
i
l
l
b
e
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
d
.
Fo
r
m
or
e
cl
arit
y,
t
he
numeric
al
data
li
ste
d
i
n
Ta
bles
3
a
nd
4
summariz
e
the
sim
ulati
on
r
esults
of
t
he
mentio
ned
fiv
e
scena
rios
for
the
nor
mal
a
nd
t
urb
ulate
d
sy
ste
m
be
hav
i
or
s
,
the
res
ults
show
a
c
onsi
der
a
ble
impro
veme
nt
i
n
bus
vo
lt
a
ge
by
instal
li
ng
S
TATC
OM
at
medium
volt
ag
e
side
especial
ly
f
or
a
fa
ulty
sy
ste
m
conditi
on
at
case
5.
A
small
e
rror
i
n
the
ma
gnit
ud
e
of
the
r
esults
menti
oned
ab
ove
is
du
e
to
the
ig
nora
nce
of
the
co
nnect
io
n
cables
im
pe
da
nce
betwee
n
the
wi
nd
tu
rb
i
nes
at
t
he
wind
powe
r
plant.
This
er
ro
r
does
not
aff
ect
t
he
li
ste
d
c
ompa
rison
resu
lt
s
bet
wee
n
t
he
dif
fer
e
nt
sce
nar
io
s
of
sy
ste
m
ope
rati
on
as
lo
ng
as
the
per
ce
ntage
rati
o
of
t
he
di
ff
e
r
ent
scena
rios
volt
ages
is
fig
ured.
T
he
res
ults
li
ste
d
ta
ke
int
o
c
on
si
der
at
io
n
not
on
l
y
the
im
pac
t
of
ST
ATCO
M
i
n
sta
ll
at
ion
bu
t
al
s
o
t
he
lo
cat
ion
of
instal
la
ti
on
in
the
w
ind
t
urbine
co
nnect
ed
distrib
ution
syst
em.
Like
t
he
mo
st
s
urve
ye
d
simi
la
r
wor
ks
,
a
uthor
s
in
Karo
ui
et
al
.
[
14]
car
es
ab
out
the
sta
bili
ty impro
veme
nt by
onl
y
ST
ATCO
M
i
ns
ta
ll
at
ion
pr
oc
ess, a
co
ns
trai
n
of r
e
view fo
r
many simil
ar
stud
ie
s
sh
ow a
lack
of
com
par
at
ive
ana
lysis res
ults t
o
that
fig
ur
e
d i
n
this
stu
dy.
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
pa
per
ex
pl
or
es
the
feasib
il
it
y
of
instal
li
ng
a
STATC
O
M
t
o
a
la
r
ge
-
sc
al
e
squirrel
ca
ge
i
nductio
n
gen
e
rato
r
-
base
d
wind
tur
bin
e
,
distrib
ution
s
ys
te
m
sup
ply
i
ng
a
wi
nd
fa
r
m
is
simulat
ed
acco
r
ding
to
diff
e
re
nt
pro
po
se
d
dist
urba
nce
scena
ri
os
,
w
hile
t
he
busba
r
volt
age
and
wind
farm
ge
ne
rated
real
an
d
reacti
ve
powe
r
are
obse
rv
e
d.
The
instal
la
ti
on
of
S
TATC
O
M
prov
i
des
a
s
ta
ble
volt
age
pro
file
to
meet
gr
i
d
co
des
by
injec
ti
ng
or
a
bsor
bing
t
he
reacti
ve
po
wer
a
s
a
re
spo
ns
e
to
seve
ral
con
ti
nge
ncies
and
distu
r
ban
c
es
at
dif
fer
e
nt
vo
lt
age
le
vel
locat
ion
s
.
Simulat
io
n
r
esults
show
t
ha
t
STA
TCO
M
prov
i
des
bette
r
netw
ork
vo
lt
age
char
act
e
r
ist
ic
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8
694
Volta
ge
sta
bili
ty
enhance
men
t
for
l
ar
ge
sc
ale squirrel
c
ag
e
inducti
on
…
(
A
bedalg
any At
ham
ne
h
)
1793
wh
il
e
the
s
ys
te
m
ex
pe
riencin
g
fau
lt
s
a
nd
un
sta
ble
loa
d
c
onditi
on
s
.
Accor
dingly,
the
i
ns
t
al
la
ti
on
imp
roves
t
he
dynamic
pe
rfo
rma
nce
of
wi
nd
fa
rms.
T
he
r
esults
co
nclu
de
that
the
l
ocati
on
at
w
hich
S
TATC
OM
is
instal
le
d,
aff
ect
s
opti
mist
ic
al
ly
the
pe
rformance
an
d
the
vo
lt
a
ge
prof
il
e
in
the
distrib
utio
n
netw
ork.
ST
A
TCOM
instal
la
ti
on
at
medium
volt
ag
e
le
vel
has
bet
te
r
im
pact
on
vo
lt
age
sta
bili
t
y
f
or
al
l
sect
io
ns
in
the
distri
bu
ti
on
sy
ste
m
tha
n
t
hat
at
low
vol
ta
ge
le
vel.
Co
nv
e
rsely
,
insta
ll
ing
STATC
OM
cl
os
e
to
t
he
wi
nd
farm
at
low
vo
lt
age
level i
s
more s
uitable
for vo
lt
age
pr
ofi
le
impro
veme
nt on
t
he win
d t
urbine b
us
bar.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
N.
Cherka
ou
i
,
A
.
Bel
f
qih,
F.
E
l
Maria
m
i,
J.
Bou
kher
ouaa,
and
A.
Berd
ai
,
“Ac
ti
v
e
power
outpu
t
opti
mization
for
wind
far
ms
and
the
rm
al
uni
ts
by
mi
nimizi
ng
the
oper
ating
cost
a
nd
em
issions
,
”
I
nte
rnational
Jou
rnal
of
Elec
tri
ca
l
and
Computer
E
ngine
ering
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pp3412
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eda,
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nd
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k
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sy
stem
av
ai
l
abilit
y
assess
me
nt
wit
h
mul
t
ipl
e
wind
power
pla
n
ts,”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of
E
le
c
trical
and
Compute
r
Engi
n
ee
ring
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JE
CE)
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ec
e
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A.
J.
Al
i,
M.
Y
.
Suli
ma
n
,
L
.
A
.
Khal
af,
and
N
.
S.
Sulta
n
,
“Pe
rform
ance
inve
s
ti
gation
of
stand
-
al
one
indu
ct
ion
gene
ra
tor
base
d
on
STATCOM
for
wind
powe
r
appl
i
cation,”
I
nte
rnational
Jou
rnal
of
Elec
trical
and
Compute
r
Engi
ne
ering
(I
J
ECE
)
,
vol
.
10
,
n
o
6,
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5570
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55
78,
De
ce
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er
2
020,
doi
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jece
.
v10i6
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p
p5570
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5578.
[4]
X.
Li
u
,
G
.
Wu,
and
X.
Li,
“Stud
y
on
vol
ta
g
e
st
a
bil
it
y
and
con
tro
l
stra
te
gy
of
gr
id
-
conne
c
te
d
wind
far
m
,
”
in
IE
EE
Ac
c
ess
,
vol
.
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,
p
p.
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[5]
R.
Basak
,
G.
Bh
uvane
sw
ari
,
and
R.
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Pil
la
i
,
“L
o
w
-
volt
age
rid
e
-
t
hrough
of
a
sync
hronous
gene
r
ator
-
base
d
v
ari
ab
l
e
spee
d
grid
-
int
erf
ac
ed
wind
en
erg
y
conve
rsion
sys
te
m
,
”
in
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
ons
on
I
nd
ustry
Appl
i
cations
,
vol
.
56
,
no.
1,
pp
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an.
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oi:
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IA
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S.
Ranjan,
D.
C.
Das,
A.
Latif,
N.
Sinha
,
S.
M.
S.
Hus
sain,
and
T.
S.
Us
tun,
“Ma
ide
n
vol
ta
ge
co
ntrol
analysis
of
hybrid
power
sys
te
m
with
dyn
am
i
c
voltage
r
e
stor
er,
”
in
IE
E
E
Acce
ss
,
vol
.
9,
pp.
60531
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6
0542,
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1109/ACCESS
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[7]
Ms
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D.
Chopra
,
and
Y
.
D.
Shaha
kar
,
“A
rev
ie
w
o
n
aug
me
nt
ation
of
vol
ta
g
e
st
abili
ty
using
op
ti
m
izati
on
t
ec
hn
ique
,
”
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
for
R
ese
a
rch
in
Appl
i
ed
S
ci
en
ce
&
E
ngin
ee
ring
Te
chnol
o
gy
(IJ
RA
S
ET)
,
v
ol.
7
,
no
.
1,
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786
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791,
Janu
aary 2019.
[8]
I.
O
.
Akw
ukwae
gbu,
and
O.
G.
Ibe
,
“Con
ce
pts
of
re
active
pow
er
cont
rol
and
v
olt
ag
e
st
abi
l
it
y
me
thods
in
power
sys
te
m
net
work
,
”
IOSR
Journal
of
Computer
En
gine
ering
(IOS
R
-
JCE
)
,
vol.
11,
no.
2,
pp
.
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-
25
,
May
-
June
2013
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doi:
10
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9790/06
61
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1121525.
[9]
C.
Sourkounis, a
nd
P.
Tourou
,
“
Grid
code re
quir
em
en
ts f
or
wind
power
integra
t
io
n
in
Europ
e,”
Hi
ndawi
Publishin
g
Corpor
ati
on
,
vol
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2013
,
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1
-
9
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h
2013
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doi
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10.
1155
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[10]
C.
Sanja
y
,
and
I
.
Nayna
,
“Ope
rati
on
and
cont
ro
l
o
f
wind
power
sta
ti
on
using f
a
ct
s
devi
c
es
cont
rol
ler,”
Int
ernati
onal
Re
f
ere
ed
Journa
l
of
Engi
n
ee
ring
and
Scienc
e
(I
RJES)
,
vo
l. 1, no. 2
,
pp
.
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-
38
,
Oc
to
ber
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[11]
B.
B.
Ade
tokun,
C.
M.
Murii
thi
,
and
J.
O.
Ojo
,
“
Volta
ge
st
abi
l
it
y
ana
lysis
and
improveme
n
t
of
po
wer
sys
te
m
with
inc
re
ase
d
SC
IG
-
base
d
wind
sy
stem
int
eg
ration
,
”
in
2020
I
EEE
P
ES/
I
AS
Po
werAf
rica
,
202
0,
pp
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1
-
5
,
doi
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a49420
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[12]
A.
Rasyad,
S.
Kame
l
,
and
F.
Juardo,
“Sta
bi
li
ty
im
prove
me
n
t
o
f
power
sys
te
m
conne
c
te
d
wi
th
deve
lop
ed
win
d
far
ms
using
SS
SC
cont
rol
le
r
,
”
Ai
n
Shams
E
ngine
ering
Jour
nal
,
vo
l.
9,
no
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2
017.
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[13]
M.
Firounzi,
G.
B.
Ghare
hp
et
i
an
,
and
S.
B.
Moz
a
far
i,
“Applica
t
io
n
of
UIP
C
to
improve
power
sys
te
m
st
abi
l
it
y
and
LVRT
Capa
bili
ty
of
SC
IG
-
base
d
wind
far
ms,
”
I
ET
Gene
ration,
Tr
ansm
i
ss
ion
&
Distributi
on
,
vo
l.
11
,
no.
9
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2322,
201
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[14]
R.
Karou
i,
A.
A
ouit
i,
Z.
Maha
,
a
nd
B.
Faou
zi
,
“I
mpa
c
t
of
st
at
i
c
s
ynchr
onous
co
m
pensa
tor
on
the
s
ta
bility
of
a
win
d
far
m:
Case
stu
dy
of
wind
f
ar
m
in
Tun
isia,”
Wind
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ine
e
ring
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[15]
T.
Moger
and
T
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Dhadba
n
ja
n
,
“F
uzz
y
logic
appr
o
ac
h
for
re
ac
t
ive
power
coo
rdi
na
t
ion
in
gr
id
conn
ec
t
ed
wind
f
arms
to
i
mprove
ste
ad
y
state
vo
ltage
st
abi
lity,
”
I
ET
R
en
ewabl
e
Pow
er
G
ene
ration
,
vo
l.
1
1,
no
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2
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0119.
[16]
H.
Re
zaie
,
and
M.
H.
Ka
ze
m
i
-
Rahba
r,
“E
nh
an
ci
ng
voltage
st
a
bil
it
y
and
LVR
T
ca
p
abi
l
it
y
of
a
wind
-
integra
t
ed
power
sys
te
m
using
a
fuz
zy
-
base
d
SV
C,
”
Engi
ne
ering
Sc
ie
n
ce
an
d
Technol
og
y,
a
n
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rnat
ional
Journal
,
vol.
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12.
018
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[17]
V.
Bui,
T.
Hoan
g,
T
.
Duong,
an
d
D.
Truong,
“
Dynami
c
vo
lt
ag
e
stabilit
y
enha
n
ce
m
ent
of
a
gri
d
-
conne
c
te
d
win
d
power
sys
te
m
b
y
AN
FIS
cont
ro
ll
ed
static
var
co
mpe
nsator
,
”
in
2
019
Inte
rnat
iona
l
Conf
ere
nc
e
on
Syste
m
Scienc
e
and
Engi
n
ee
ring
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174
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177
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2019.
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[18]
S.
M.
Said,
A.
Seli
m
,
and
B.
Ha
rtm
ann
,
“
Enha
n
ce
m
ent
of
vo
lt
a
ge
profile
for
un
bal
an
ce
d
d
istri
b
uti
on
sys
te
m
wi
t
h
wind
ene
rgy
an
d
superc
ondu
ct
i
ng
ma
gn
et
i
c
en
erg
y
storag
e,”
i
n
2018
Int
ernat
ional
Con
fe
renc
e
on
Innov
at
ive
Tr
ends
in
Computer
Eng
ine
ering
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295
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doi
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ITC
E.
2
018.
8316640.
[19]
M.
I.
Mos
aa
d
,
A.
Alen
any,
and
A.
Abu
-
Siad
a,
‘‘E
nhancing
the
per
for
ma
nc
e
of
wind
ene
rgy
co
nver
sion
sys
te
m
s
using uni
fie
d
po
wer
flow
cont
ro
l
le
r,”
IET
Gen
erati
on,
Tr
ansm
ission &
Distributi
o
n
,
vol. 14,
no
.
10
,
pp.
1922
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1929
,
2020,
doi
:10.
104
9/i
et
-
g
td.
2019
.
1
112.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.