Intern
ati
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
of
P
o
we
r El
ec
tr
on
i
c
s
an
d D
r
i
v
e
S
y
stem
(I
JPE
D
S)
V
o
l.
11
, N
o
. 2, Jun
e
20
20
, pp
. 72
6
~
73
4
I
SSN
:
208
8-8
6
9
4
, D
O
I:
10.
115
91
/i
jp
e
d
s.v
1
1
.i2
.
p
p72
6-7
34
7
26
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
t
t
p
:/
/ijpe
d
s.
i
a
e
s
c
o
re.
c
o
m
Fault detection and location
of power transmission lines
using intelligent d
i
stance relay
S
a
’
a
d Ah
med
S
.
A
l
K
a
zza
z
1
,
Ibrahim
Is
m
a
el
2
, Kar
a
m K
a
irullah
Moh
a
mmed
3
1
De
p
a
rt
me
nt
of Me
c
h
a
t
ro
nic
s
Engi
ne
e
r
in
g,
Mosu
l
Un
i
v
e
r
sit
y
,
Iraq
2
D
e
partmen
t
o
f
Ele
c
tri
cal Eng
i
n
eering
,
M
o
s
u
l U
n
iv
ersity
, Ir
aq
3
De
pa
rt
me
n
t
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
ric
a
l
E
ngine
e
r
i
ng,
Uni
v
e
r
si
ti
Te
k
n
o
l
o
g
i
Ma
la
ysia
, Ma
la
ysia
A
r
ticle In
fo
A
B
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
tic
le
h
i
st
o
r
y:
Rec
e
i
v
ed
M
a
y
2
7
,
2
019
Re
vise
d
Oc
t 2
2
, 2
019
A
c
ce
p
t
ed
D
e
c
1
,
20
19
Th
e
aim o
f
th
is
pap
e
r
is
to
d
e
sign
a thr
ee-ph
a
s
e distanc
e
r
e
la
y u
s
in
g an
adap
tive
n
e
uro
-
fu
zzy
in
feren
c
e
sy
stem
algori
t
h
m
(AN
F
IS
).
Th
e p
r
op
osed
relay
is
u
s
ed
to
p
r
otect the
pow
e
r
tran
smiss
i
on
lin
es
w
h
er
e they
a
r
e
s
u
b
j
ec
ted
to
fau
lts
contin
uo
us
ly.
Thes
e
f
a
ults
m
a
y
p
r
od
u
ce a
high
e
l
e
c
t
ric
curren
t
whi
c
h
le
a
d
s
t
o
hig
h
d
a
m
a
ge in
po
we
r sy
st
e
m
e
quip
m
e
n
t. The
re
lay
i
s
use
d
t
o
detect
t
h
e
transmissi
on li
n
e
f
a
ul
ts
by
m
e
a
s
ur
in
g
th
e v
o
lta
ge a
n
d
c
u
rre
n
t
values
fo
r e
ach
ph
ase.
Th
e l
i
n
e
imp
e
d
a
n
ce
is th
en
ca
lculat
ed
to
d
e
te
ct
th
e
f
a
ul
ts
an
d
i
s
s
u
e
in
st
an
tan
e
ou
s t
r
ip
s
i
g
n
a
l
to c
i
r
c
uit breaker
,
to separat
e
the
fault
zon
e
of
th
e
tra
n
smiss
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
w
i
thou
t
affe
ctin
g
th
e w
o
rk
of
o
t
her re
lays
.
T
o
isolate
the faul
ty line wit
h
out
affect
i
ng t
h
e ot
her lines
wi
thi
n
the network
th
e
rel
a
ys wer
e
train
e
d
us
in
g ad
aptiv
e
n
e
u
r
o-fu
zzy
in
fere
n
c
e
s
y
s
t
em
(AN
F
IS).
The obtai
n
ed r
e
sult
s
t
h
rough
th
is w
o
rk
s
h
ow
t
h
at
t
h
e d
e
si
gn
ate
d
distance r
e
l
a
y
wi
th (A
NFIS) al
gori
thm
h
a
s
th
e ab
ili
t
y
to d
e
te
ct
the
faul
ts
occu
rren
c
e
,
reco
gn
ize
it
fro
m
th
e
c
a
s
e
s of
th
e
d
i
st
urb
a
nce
and
to
i
s
o
l
ate o
n
ly
t
h
e f
a
ult
z
one without
a
ffect
ing the work
of other
relays i
n
syst
em
.
Ke
yw
ords:
AN
F
I
S
Di
sta
n
ce re
la
y
I
n
te
lli
g
e
n
t
pr
o
t
e
c
tio
n
Po
we
r syst
e
m
Th
is
is a
n
o
p
en
acces
s a
r
ticle
un
d
e
r the
C
C
B
Y
-SA
licens
e
.
Corres
p
o
n
din
g
A
u
t
h
or:
Sa
ad A
h
me
d Al
Ka
zz
az
Depa
rt
me
nt
o
f
M
e
c
h
at
ro
ni
cs En
gine
eri
n
g
U
n
iv
e
r
s
i
t
y
o
f
M
o
s
u
l
Col
l
e
ge
of
En
g
i
ne
eri
n
g, M
o
su
l
U
n
i
v
e
r
sit
y
P
o
st
Offic
e
, M
o
s
u
l, Ira
q
.
Emai
l:
kazz
azs
60
@
u
o
m
os
u
l
.e
du
.i
q
1.
IN
TR
O
DUCTION
Th
e
m
a
in
p
a
r
t
of
th
e po
w
e
r
sy
stem
is
th
e o
v
e
r
h
ead
tr
a
n
sm
i
ssion
lin
es.
T
h
e p
o
s
si
bi
li
ty
o
f
f
a
u
lts
o
c
cu
r
r
en
ce in
th
e tr
an
sm
is
sio
n
lin
e
is g
r
eat
e
r
t
h
an
al
t
e
r
n
at
iv
e
r
e
a
l
p
o
w
er
str
u
ct
ur
e
par
t
s wh
er
e it
is
ex
pose
d
t
o
th
e
su
rrou
ndi
n
g
na
t
u
ra
l
env
i
ro
nme
n
t
[1
].
A
b
no
rmal
c
ondi
t
i
ons c
a
n
c
a
u
se a
sho
r
t c
i
rc
ui
t fa
ul
t
s
wh
ic
h can b
e
e
ith
er si
ngle
p
h
ase
t
o
grou
nd,
pha
se
t
o
pha
se or t
h
re
e p
h
ase
s
.
M
o
st
of t
h
e
fa
ul
ts i
n
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
sy
stem
o
c
cur
with
th
e o
v
e
r
h
ead
lin
es ar
e d
u
e
to
h
i
g
h
t
r
ansi
en
t vo
ltag
e
wh
i
c
h in
tr
odu
ce li
g
h
t
n
i
n
g
an
d fal
l
i
ng t
r
e
e
s [2
].
Ma
n
y
res
e
a
r
c
h
ers
fro
m di
ffe
r
e
n
t
or
ga
ni
zat
io
n
a
r
e
e
nga
ge
d
i
n
de
vel
o
p
i
ng
i
n
t
e
li
gi
nt
pro
t
ect
io
n
sy
st
em fo
r hi
gh
vol
t
a
g
e
pow
er tran
smi
ssio
n
li
ne
s usi
ng di
st
ance
rela
y
[3
-6
].
Most
of t
h
e
re
sea
r
che
r
i
n
t
h
ei
r stu
d
ies
consi
d
e
r
a
st
a
r
co
nne
cte
d
gri
d
i
gno
ri
n
g
t
h
e faul
t effe
ct
i
n
pow
er l
i
n
e
on t
h
e
ot
he
r g
r
i
d
c
o
mpone
nt
s
[3
-7
].
I
n
a
r
e
al g
r
id es
p
e
c
i
al
l
y
t
h
e
r
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
em
,
an
y
r
e
la
y t
r
i
p
a
t
an
y
l
i
n
e
af
f
e
c
t
th
e
ot
he
r
l
i
ne
s
an
d
re
l
a
ys
i
n
t
h
e
syst
e
m
w
h
i
c
h may
lea
d
t
o
shut
dow
n t
h
e
w
hol
e
system
.
In a
ddi
t
i
on,
u
n
b
al
a
n
ce
c
ondi
ti
on,
hi
gh
lo
ad
t
r
an
si
t and
di
st
urb
a
nc
e
wit
h
a
n
d
wi
t
hout
fau
l
ts
are
th
e ac
tual
o
p
erati
ng
con
d
i
t
i
o
n
of
t
h
e
gri
d
,
he
nce
nee
d
t
o
be
p
r
e
s
ent
i
n
an
y
desi
gn
st
ud
y o
f
t
h
e
di
st
a
n
ce
re
lay
[8
,
9
]
.
It
i
s
i
m
po
rt
ant
t
o
fi
n
d
,
di
st
i
ngui
sh,
sepa
rate
t
h
e
fa
ul
t
zon
e
and aft
e
rwa
r
d r
e
t
u
rn-b
ac
k t
h
e pow
er syst
em t
o
t
h
e
wor
k
i
n
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J Po
w El
ec
&
Dr
i
S
y
st
IS
SN:
208
8-8
6
9
4
Fa
ul
t det
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
loc
a
ti
on
o
f
power
tra
n
s
m
i
s
si
on li
ne
susi
n
g
… (Sa’
a
d
A
h
med
S
.
Al K
a
zz
az)
7
27
con
d
itio
n
at th
e ear
l
ies
t
op
po
r
t
un
ity
.
Fur
t
her
m
or
e,
th
e tim
e n
e
ed
ed
to ascer
t
ain
th
e f
a
ul
t ar
ea l
e
n
g
th
wi
s
e
on t
h
e
l
i
n
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
smi
s
si
on a
f
fec
t
s
t
h
e
feat
ure of th
e po
w
e
r syst
em.
Co
nseq
uen
t
l
y
, t
h
e
i
m
pe
da
nce pe
r
ki
l
o
me
te
r of
tran
smi
s
si
on
li
n
e
i
s
g
e
nu
i
n
el
y st
eady;
t
h
e
rela
ys re
act
t
o
t
h
e faul
t
di
stance
on
t
h
e
tr
an
sm
iss
i
o
n
li
ne [
10]
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
in
v
e
stig
a
tio
n,
th
e
w
e
ll-
d
e
sig
n
e
d
in
te
ll
ig
en
t r
e
l
a
y
i
s
cap
ab
le d
e
al
ing
wi
th
ab
o
v
e
m
e
nt
ion
e
d cir
c
u
m
st
an
ces
w
h
er
e o
n
l
y
lin
e u
n
d
e
r
f
a
ul
t
c
ond
iti
on
is
is
o
l
at
ed
. T
h
e
i
m
p
l
em
en
tati
o
n
of
t
h
e
A
N
F
I
S f
o
r
the m
o
d
u
l
a
tio
n
of
th
e separ
a
tio
n
r
e
lay st
a
tio
n
tr
an
sm
issio
n
lin
e pr
o
t
ect
i
o
n
is car
r
ied
ou
t.
T
h
e
r
e
com
m
e
nd
ed
sep
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
han
d
-
o
ff
calcu
l
at
io
n is f
o
r
th
e p
u
rp
o
s
e of
id
enti
f
y
in
g
th
e f
a
u
lt ev
en
t.
I
n
add
i
t
i
on
to
th
e s
e
g
r
eg
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e f
a
u
lty
t
r
an
sm
issio
n
li
n
e
s r
e
g
i
o
n
th
at w
i
l
l
no
t
af
f
e
ct
th
e
wo
r
k
of
t
h
e
ot
he
r l
i
n
e
s
. T
h
e
pro
p
o
se
d
pow
er syst
e
m
i
s
base
d o
n
t
h
e
IEE
E
9
-
b
u
s
w
h
i
c
h
com
p
ri
se
s t
w
el
ve buse
s
,
t
h
re
e sy
nch
r
o
n
o
u
s mac
h
i
n
e
s
, si
x t
r
ans
m
issi
on
li
n
e
s,
si
x t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
me
rs,
th
re
e c
onst
a
n
t
i
m
p
e
da
nce l
o
a
d
s
an
d d
i
st
a
n
ce
re
lay
s
pr
ot
ect
ing
t
r
a
n
smi
ssi
on
i
s
i
m
pl
me
nted
usi
n
g
MA
TL
AB
/S
i
m
uli
nk
p
r
og
ra
m.
Di
stan
ce relay,
seve
ral
prot
ect
i
o
n
re
l
a
y
s
y
st
e
m
s we
re
uti
l
i
zed t
o
e
n
s
u
re
t
r
a
n
smi
ssi
on
li
ne
s b
y
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
of
1
3
2
k
v
o
r
gre
a
t
e
r.
T
h
e
sep
a
rat
i
o
n
tra
n
sfe
r
s po
ssess
q
u
i
t
e
a
perfect
pos
i
t
i
on tha
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
es vi
ta
l
bac
k
u
p
fo
r
t
h
e t
r
a
n
smi
s
si
on
l
i
n
e.
T
h
e
p
r
ot
ec
t
i
o
n
i
s
de
pe
n
d
in
g
o
n
vo
l
t
a
ge
an
d c
u
r
r
ent
val
u
es
w
h
i
c
h are
re
la
y st
a
t
i
on
p
o
s
i
t
ed
,
fo
r pro
c
e
ssi
ng th
e r
e
s
i
sta
n
ce
v
a
lu
e
o
f
th
e v
e
ri
fi
ed lin
e
[1
1,
12
].
Th
e
a
s
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
e
d
re
sist
an
c
e
or kno
wn
as i
m
peda
nc
e t
h
at
wa
s
det
e
rmi
n
ed i
s
di
ffe
rent
i
a
t
e
d a
n
d t
h
e
i
m
pe
da
nce
p
o
i
n
t a
c
hi
e
v
e
d
.
On t
h
e
occa
si
o
n
t
h
at
t
h
e re
ac
h
poi
nt
i
m
pe
da
nce
i
s
not
ent
i
rel
y
re
ache
d
b
y
t
h
e d
e
li
berat
e
i
m
pe
danc
e
,
the
r
e
e
x
i
s
t
s
a
re
c
o
gni
t
i
on o
f
t
h
e p
r
e
s
e
n
ce
o
f
a
fa
ult
sus
p
e
nde
d
bet
w
i
x
t t
h
e
rel
a
y a
nd t
h
e
poi
nt
of
ac
hi
eve
.
A
dist
a
n
c
e
rel
a
y e
v
a
l
uat
e
s t
h
e
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
t
o
t
h
e
fau
lt
po
in
t fo
r
t
h
e
pur
po
se
o
f
se
c
u
r
i
ng
th
e li
n
e
ag
a
i
nst
sho
r
t c
i
r
c
u
it
fau
l
t
s
[
1
3
,
14
].
W
i
t
h
th
e
ai
ms t
h
at
the
i
n
su
ra
nc
e z
ones
are fac
i
l
i
t
a
t
e
d
to t
h
e se
para
t
i
on t
r
ans
f
e
r
thr
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
uti
l
i
z
a
t
i
on of
t
h
e fi
rst
z
o
ne
,
t
h
e sec
ond
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
on z
one
a
n
d
t
h
e
t
h
i
r
d z
o
n
e
, wh
ich
i
s
ill
u
str
a
t
e
d i
n
Figu
re 1. Th
er
e i
s
a
r
e
mo
te
po
ssi
b
ilit
y
t
h
at
t
h
e t
h
i
r
d
z
one
i
s
nee
d
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
s
u
cce
ssfu
l
gra
d
a
t
io
n a
n
d
w
o
r
k
in
g
peri
o
d
of
i
n
divi
d
u
al
z
one
s:
1- The
e
n
ca
ps
u
l
at
e of t
h
e
fi
rst
z
one
e
n
t
a
i
l
s th
e
mai
n
a
i
m
of 80
% of
sec
t
i
o
n
l
e
ngt
h
.
2
-
Th
e
seco
nd
zo
ne,
c
o
ve
rs n
e
arl
y
120
% of
sec
t
ion
le
n
g
th.
3-
The encaps
ulation of
the second zone involve
s
the m
a
in aim
of
120 %
of
the section
length.
4- The
t
h
i
r
d z
o
ne c
ove
rs al
m
o
st
200
% of
t
h
e
le
ngt
h
of
t
h
e
s
e
c
t
i
on.
Fi
gu
re
1. The
dis
ta
nce
dra
w
i
n
g
for p
r
ot
ect
i
ons
z
one
s for d
i
st
anc
e
rel
a
ys
2.
ZO
NE TIM
E
R
AND
E
V
OLV
I
NG
FAULTS
N
u
mer
o
us
res
e
a
r
che
r
s are
v
i
ewe
d
as t
h
e z
one
t
i
me
po
st
po
neme
nt
o
f
t
h
e de
v
e
l
opi
n
g
i
s
sue
at
t
h
e
se
p
a
ra
tio
n
tr
ansf
er
stru
c
t
ur
e.
A
t
th
e
po
in
t wh
e
n
th
e tr
an
sfer
s w
o
rk
w
ith
th
e
d
i
v
e
rse
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
i
tie
s
to
secu
r
e
a
si
mila
r
pow
e
r
a
r
r
a
n
g
e
,
a
non-p
a
r
t
ic
u
l
a
r
po
stp
o
n
i
ng
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
h
a
p
p
e
n
s
is
c
o
n
c
e
i
v
a
b
l
e [1
1,
15]
. Th
e sta
n
d
a
rds
has ma
de i
t
c
o
mp
ul
so
ry
fo
r t
h
e in
ve
nt
ors t
o
refer t
o
pl
a
nni
ng a
n
d zo
ne c
l
oc
k
s
va
lue
s
i
n
mi
t
i
ga
t
i
ng t
h
e
faul
t
s
,
by t
a
ki
n
g
i
n
t
o
acc
ou
nt
the
z
one
t
i
me
rs
be
ha
v
i
or
d
u
ri
ng
the
a
dva
ncem
ent
o
f
an
i
ndi
vi
d
u
al
di
st
a
n
c
e
zone
prot
ec
ti
on
t
o
o
t
he
r
di
sta
n
ce
p
r
ote
c
t
i
o
n
z
o
ne,
for e
x
a
m
ple
fro
m
t
h
e
pha
se
t
o
eart
h
i
n
g l
i
ne
t
o
wards
ot
h
e
r
kin
d
of
faul
t
suc
h
a
s
i
n
the
t
h
re
e-p
h
ase
s
y
st
e
m
w
i
t
h
i
n
a
n
e
qual
r
e
l
a
y p
r
ot
ect
i
on
z
one
. No
rmal
l
y
, cu
st
omary
prot
ec
ti
on is i
n
te
n
d
ed
for
re
l
a
ys de
pe
nde
nt
on c
o
nv
ent
i
o
n
al
h
a
nd
-off
s
e
t
t
i
ngs.
Hence
,
t
h
e exac
t
n
e
ss of t
h
e
com
p
ass
of t
h
e rel
a
y
t
r
a
n
sfe
r
pe
rha
p
s
i
n
fl
uenc
e
d
by
t
h
e
di
sti
n
ct
i
v
e
bl
ame c
o
ndit
i
o
n
s
not
wi
t
h
sta
n
di
ng
t
h
e
sy
st
em se
tup
ch
ang
e
s.
Li
k
e
wi
se
,
th
ese p
l
a
n
s ar
e de
te
rm
in
ist
i
c
co
un
t a
c
c
e
p
ting
t
h
a
t
t
h
e sy
ste
m
i
s
dem
o
n
s
trat
ed
on
c
u
sto
m
ar
y nu
me
ri
ca
l
de
vi
ces.
T
h
e
p
o
rt
raya
l
of
t
h
i
s
sy
st
e
m
isn't
vi
e
w
ed as
fit
t
i
ng
w
i
th not
w
e
ll ch
ar
ac
te
r
i
ze
d
fr
a
m
ewo
r
ks
. [3
,
1
6
,
17]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
: 2
088
-8
6
94
Int
J
P
o
w
Ele
c
& D
r
i
S
y
st, V
o
l
.
1
1
,
N
o
.
2, Ju
ne
20
2
0
:
72
6
– 73
4
72
8
3.
A
DAPTIV
E
N
E
UR
O-
FU
Z
Z
Y
IN
FERENC
E
S
Y
STEM ALGORI
T
HM
(AN
F
IS).
The
fuzz
y c
o
ntroll
er
is
use
d
s
u
cce
ssfull
y
i
n
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
ge
nt
di
st
a
n
ce
rel
a
y
.
The
r
e a
r
e
man
y
di
ffi
c
ul
t
i
e
s
i
n
fuz
z
y
rule
s for
m
a
t
ion a
n
d in
desi
g
n
i
ng t
h
e
me
mbe
r
s
h
i
p
fu
nc
ti
on
s
t
h
a
t
m
eet
the
syst
e
m
req
u
i
r
eme
n
t
s
. In
ot
her
han
d
, a
r
ti
fi
c
i
a
l
ne
u
r
a
l
net
w
orks a
r
e
a
p
o
we
rful
t
o
ol
used
for c
o
m
p
le
x
sy
ste
m
wi
t
h
di
ffe
rent
arbut
uses
. T
h
e
com
b
i
n
at
io
n
o
f
the
s
e
me
th
o
d
s
ha
s p
r
ese
n
t
e
d
AN
FIS
,
t
h
at
ga
t
h
er
fuz
z
y
l
o
gi
cs
and
ne
ural
n
e
t
w
o
r
ks a
d
vant
ages
[1
8-
2
0
]
.
The
f
u
zzy
rul
e
s a
n
d
me
mbe
r
shi
p
func
t
i
o
n
s
ge
nerat
i
o
n
of t
h
e
fuzz
y
c
o
nt
rol
l
e
r t
h
at
ap
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
re
qui
re
d spe
c
i
f
i
cat
i
on an
d
re
duc
e
the
d
e
sig
n
t
i
m
e
a
r
e i
m
ple
m
e
n
te
d th
rou
g
h
ne
u
r
a
l
n
e
tw
orks
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
. T
h
e
sy
st
em
r
e
spon
se i
s
h
i
gh
l
y
a
f
f
e
c
t
e
d
by
t
h
e
m
e
m
b
e
r
sh
i
p
fu
n
c
ti
on
s a
nd th
e
ov
e
r
l
a
p
p
i
n
g
po
in
t
s
.
Trad
iti
o
n
met
h
o
d
f
o
r ac
h
i
evi
n
g
t
h
e
me
mbe
r
shi
p
fu
nct
i
ons
u
s
es a
t
r
i
a
l
an
d e
rror. F
u
zz
y
l
ogi
c
an
d
neu
r
al
net
w
ork
s
ha
ve
th
e
ab
i
lity
f
o
r
estim
at
in
g
an
d p
r
o
c
e
ssi
n
g
th
e
d
a
t
a
[21
]
.
4.
TH
E
FRAM
EW
ORK ADAPTIV
E
NEURA
L FUZZY
NETW
OR
K
In T
h
e
fl
u
f
fy i
n
fe
renc
e
st
ra
te
gy
o
f
the
t
ype
(Ta
k
agi
-
S
u
ge
no
)
was i
m
ple
m
e
n
te
d
wi
t
h
i
n
the
sche
me
.
The
yi
el
d
of i
n
di
vid
u
a
l
r
u
le
ma
y
be
a
st
ra
i
ght
an
d
di
re
ct
com
p
o
n
e
n
t
fo
r t
h
e
i
n
t
e
rc
ha
ng
es
of da
ta
, a
p
a
r
t
fr
o
m
t
h
e
p
o
sses
s
io
n a
st
abl
e
va
l
u
e
,
or bei
n
g
a
n
o
n
-fl
uct
u
at
i
n
g
va
l
u
e. The
fi
nal
yi
el
d resul
t
s
i
n
a
w
e
i
ghte
d
a
v
era
g
e
as per t
h
e
yie
l
d
of in
di
vi
dual
rul
e
,
w
h
ere
it
i
s
assume
d
tha
t
t
h
e
r
e e
x
ist
a
pa
ir
of
uni
ts fo
r the
organi
za
t
i
on
of
AN
F
I
S
,
w
h
ic
h a
r
e t
h
e ‘R
’ an
d
‘S’, an
d a
n
i
n
di
vid
u
a
l
yi
el
d of ‘O
’ , as il
l
u
s
t
rat
e
d i
n
F
i
gu
re
2, c
o
m
p
ri
se
2 rul
e
s
as can
be
o
b
se
rved
[1
8,
2
2
]:
F
i
r
s
t Pr
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
:
In
th
e ev
en
t tha
t
R
i
s
e
q
u
a
te
d
t
o
X
1
and
S is e
q
u
a
t
e
d
t
o
Y
1
R
u
l
e
1:
If R
i
s
X1
an
d
S
i
s
Y
1 t
h
e
n
f1=
e
1
R
+
t
1 S
+
k
1
(1)
Se
co
nd
P
r
i
n
ci
p
l
e:
In t
h
e
e
v
ent
t
h
at
R
is e
q
u
a
t
e
d to
X
2
an
d S
i
s
e
quat
e
d to
Y2
t
h
e
n
R
u
l
e
2:
If
R
i
s
X
2
a
nd S i
s
Y 2 t
h
e
n
f
2
=e
2 R
+
t
2
S
+
K
2
(2)
Fi
gu
re
2
,
sho
w
t
h
e s
y
ste
m
of AN
FIS
w
h
ere
t
h
e
f
u
zzy
i
n
fere
nce
e
n
g
i
ne
com
p
o
s
i
t
e of fi
ve l
a
ye
rs. The
descri
pt
i
o
n
o
f
ea
ch
l
a
ye
r is
gi
ve
n bel
o
w:
F
i
gu
re
2. Insta
l
l
a
ti
on
o
f
A
N
F
I
S
The
fi
rst
l
a
ye
r
desi
gna
t
e
s the
type
of the
in
p
u
t
s
me
mbe
r
s
h
i
p
f
u
nct
i
o
n
s
(M
F
)
, t
h
at
i
s
; N
o
de
(k
) e
n
t
a
i
l
s a n
ode
o
p
e
r
a
b
i
lity
c
o
mpr
i
si
n
g
a
n
ada
p
tiv
e
nod
e
.
Th
e
tra
i
n
i
n
g
p
r
og
re
ss
of
th
e
sa
i
d
no
d
e
a
l
te
r
s
t
h
e
con
s
t
itu
en
t o
f
t
h
e
no
de,
t
h
at
i
s
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
me
d i
n
o
b
t
a
i
n
i
n
g a
re
du
ct
ion
of p
r
o
b
a
b
l
e
mi
sta
k
es i
n
t
h
e
out
c
o
me,
t
h
us:
,
xk
(
x
) fo
r
1,
2
(
3
)
,
Yk
-2
(
y
) for
3,
4
(
4
)
Reg
a
r
d
μ
xk
a
nd
μ
Yk-2
a
s
g
r
ad
es
conn
ec
ti
ng t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
(M
F),
va
lu
e
R an
d va
l
u
e
S
are
t
h
e
li
ngui
st
i
c
i
nput
sig
n
a
ls (
"
sm
al
l"
o
r
" lar
g
e”)
to n
ode
(
k
)
x
k
or (Y
k-2
)
an
d i
s
t
h
e
deg
r
e
e
of
(M
F)
for
fuzzy gr
oup (X
).
The f
o
rm of
the
(M
F)
i
s
t
r
a
p
ezoi
d
al
o
r
t
r
i
a
n
gula
r
a
n
d t
h
e
c
o
m
pone
nts i
n
t
h
i
s
l
a
ye
r are
k
now
n
a
s
t
h
e
fo
u
ndat
i
o
n
para
me
t
e
rs. E
v
e
r
y
no
de
i
n
t
h
e
se
con
d
la
ye
r i
s
a
fi
xe
d n
o
d
e
id
e
n
ti
fi
ed
b
y
sy
mb
ol
Π
. This
l
a
ye
r
’
s
n
o
d
e
ou
tpu
t
is a
mu
l
t
ip
li
ca
ti
on
o
f
a
l
l
in
pu
t s
i
g
n
a
ls
[2
3]
, how
e
v
er:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
& Dri
Sy
st
I
SSN
: 208
8-8
6
9
4
Fau
lt d
e
t
e
c
tio
n
an
d lo
ca
tio
n of p
o
w
e
r
tran
smi
ssio
n
lin
esu
s
ing
…
(
S
a
’
ad
Ahm
e
d
S.
Al
Ka
zza
z
)
7
29
,
W
k
xk
(
x
) *
Yk
(
y
)
1,
2
(
5
)
T
h
e
ru
le
of
fuz
z
y
rul
e
s
represe
n
t
e
d
by
t
h
e
ou
tp
ut
of
ea
ch
node
in
t
h
i
s
la
ye
r.
T
h
e
upd
at
i
n
g
fo
r t
h
e
w
e
i
g
h
t
s
a
nd cha
ngi
n
g
p
r
oc
ess are
no
t e
x
i
t
i
n
t
h
i
s
la
ye
r [3
,
22
].
E
a
c
h
node
i
n
t
h
e
th
ird l
a
ye
r
e
a
c
h
node
i
s
i
n
d
i
c
a
te
d by
(N
) a
nd co
n
s
id
ered
a
s
a
fi
xe
d node
. T
h
e no
de
o
u
tp
u
t
(
k
)
is
estim
at
ed
thr
o
ugh
th
e pr
ov
isio
n
o
f
th
e r
u
le (
k
)
f
o
r
th
e sum
m
a
tio
n
of
th
e p
r
ov
isio
n
s
of
t
h
e
en
tir
e r
u
les.
,
⃑
k
1,2 (6)
T
h
e out
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
i
s
laye
r
a
r
e
c
a
lle
d “no
r
ma
l
i
z
e
d
fi
ri
ng
st
re
ngt
hs
”
I
n
t
h
e
f
o
ur
th
lay
e
r
ea
ch
n
ode
is
adap
tati
on
n
o
d
e
fu
n
c
ti
on
:
,
⃑
=
⃑
k
(e
k
x+ t
k
y+
k
k
)
k
=
1,
2
(7
)
W
h
er
e
⃑
is ou
tp
ut o
f
th
e th
ir
d
lay
e
r
and
(
k
k
, t
k
, e
k
)
a
r
e
a
gr
o
up of
e
l
em
e
n
t
s
of
th
a
t
n
ode
ar
e
cal
led
(con
sequ
ent par
a
me
ter
s
).
W
h
e
r
e
i
s
t
h
e
thi
r
d
l
a
ye
r
out
put
an
d (
k
k
, e
k
, t
k
)
b
e
in
g r
e
sult
an
t p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
of
th
e
no
d
e
in
th
is
l
a
y
e
r
.
In
t
h
e
fi
ft
h
l
a
yer e
a
c
h
node
(
d
e
not
e
d
b
y
symb
ol
Σ
)
i
s
a fi
xe
d n
ode
.
The
te
rmi
n
al
syst
em out
pu
t i
s
t
h
e
r
e
sul
t
an
t o
u
t
p
u
t
of
th
is lev
e
l.
Th
e
co
n
t
r
i
b
u
tio
n
s
fr
o
m
ea
ch
ru
le f
o
r
th
e to
ta
l in
co
m
i
n
g
sig
n
a
ls
ar
e th
e
ou
t
put
o
f
th
i
s
l
a
yer:
,
f
w
f
w
w
(8)
5.
M
E
THODO
L
OG
Y
The
IE
EE
9-
b
u
s syst
em
is
use
d
t
o
re
pre
s
e
n
t
t
h
e pro
p
o
s
e
d
syst
em
u
s
in
g MAT
L
AB
/S
i
m
u
l
i
nk
p
r
o
g
r
a
m.
Figur
e
3
illu
str
a
tes
th
e
sy
stem
wh
ich
co
mp
rises n
i
n
e
bu
ses, thr
e
e sy
n
c
h
r
onou
s mach
in
es,
six
t
r
ansm
iss
i
o
n
lin
es, th
r
e
e
tr
an
sf
or
m
e
r
s
, t
h
r
e
e
co
n
s
tan
t
i
m
pe
dan
c
e
loads
a
nd d
i
st
a
n
ce rel
a
ys prot
ec
ting
fo
r
each tr
a
n
smis
sion line
[24].
Fig
u
r
e 3
.
Dep
i
cts
th
e
Po
wer System
th
r
ough
the u
tilization
o
f
(
M
atlab
/
Simu
lin
k
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
: 2
088
-8
6
94
Int
J
P
o
w
Ele
c
& D
r
i
S
y
st, V
o
l
.
1
1
,
N
o
.
2, Ju
ne
20
2
0
:
72
6
– 73
4
73
0
T
h
e A
N
F
I
S a
p
p
r
oac
h
ha
s be
en u
s
ed t
o
de
t
e
c
t
th
e f
a
u
l
t
lo
cat
i
on
an
d th
e iso
l
ate
d
bus th
at
e
xpose
d
to
t
h
e
fa
ul
t a
nd
to
a
d
ap
t
ot
he
r
rela
ys t
o
no
t
gi
ve
a t
r
i
p
si
gnal
whi
l
e
t
h
e
faul
t
occ
u
rs
ou
t
o
f
th
e
op
erat
i
ng re
l
a
y
z
one
. T
h
e
ANF
IS a
ppro
ach le
a
r
ni
ng
a
r
e
b
r
i
e
fl
y p
r
e
s
en
te
d by t
h
e st
ep
s
a
s
t
h
e
fol
l
o
w:
S
t
ep
1:
Ma
ke pr
ope
r exe
r
c
i
se
da
ta t
h
ro
u
g
h
cri
t
i
ca
l
c
ont
ra
st
i
n
t
h
e
fau
l
t
r
e
si
stan
ce
j
u
st
as l
o
a
d
i
ng and
fau
l
t
t
i
m
e
s
a
r
e
a
ppl
i
e
d. Th
is pr
og
ressi
on repl
i
c
at
e
s
ordi
na
ry e
x
ampl
e
s
for
e
a
c
h
ki
nd o
f
fa
ul
t
.
S
t
ep
2:
S
e
l
e
ct
ion
o
f
a
sui
t
a
ble
A
N
F
I
S st
ruct
ure.
I
n
t
h
i
s
st
e
p
th
e de
vel
o
p
m
ent
of di
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
t
y
pes of
A
N
F
I
S
mo
du
les to
p
r
o
c
ess
dif
f
eren
t typ
e
s o
f
f
a
ults
is
ach
iev
e
d
.
For ex
ample, s
i
n
g
l
e-
p
h
ase to
g
r
ound
faults
c
o
mpri
se 4 da
t
a
so
urc
e
s;
an
d
t
h
ree
-
p
h
ase
fa
ul
t
s
ha
ve
6
i
npu
ts.
Da
ta
sou
r
ce
s
a
r
e
th
e si
ze
s
o
f
t
h
e
ma
jo
r
s
e
g
m
en
ts
(
6
0
H
z
)
o
f
thr
e
e-
pha
s
e
vo
lt
ag
es
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
a
r
e
es
t
i
m
a
t
ed
at
th
e
r
e
l
a
y
s
t
a
t
i
o
n.
Step
3
:
In
th
is step
thro
ugh d
e
al w
ith
an
aly
s
is
of
th
e A
N
FI
S stru
ctu
r
e
is tr
ain
e
d
n
e
two
r
k
ad
ap
tatio
n
on
t
h
e
basi
s of
da
ta off-li
n
e
.
A
l
so, c
a
n c
hoos
e
t
h
e op
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
on met
h
od of FIS
mo
del
pa
ra
mete
rs and the
nu
mbe
r
o
f
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
ep
oc
hs whi
c
h l
e
a
d
s to
le
ss
e
r
rors va
l
u
e [25
]
.
Fig
u
re
4
.
D
e
pi
cts
t
h
e train
i
ng
AN
FIS
for th
e di
s
t
an
ce
relay
F
i
gure 5.
D
e
pi
c
t
s
t
h
e
M
F
S
for an
fi
s
o
f
d
i
sta
n
c
e
rel
a
y
for
t
w
o i
nput
(R
an
d
X
)
St
ep
4
:
I
n
t
h
i
s
pr
og
r
e
s
s
i
on
p
r
ep
ar
ed A
N
F
I
S
is
as
s
e
s
s
e
d
b
y
ut
ili
zi
ng
th
e
tes
t
ex
a
m
p
l
e
s
to
ge
t t
h
e
be
s
t
execu
t
io
n
and
to
b
e
a
ttr
a
c
t
i
v
e w
ith
th
e
pr
op
osed
AN
FI
S app
a
r
a
tu
s u
t
i
l
i
z
in
g
th
e M
A
T
L
A
B
/
Si
m
u
lin
k
to
o
l
k
its.
T
h
e A
N
F
I
S char
act
e
r
i
st
i
c
s o
f
th
e
f
a
u
l
t
s
d
e
t
e
c
tio
n in
th
e t
r
an
sm
iss
i
o
n
lin
es 9
-
8
and
line 4-5 are
show
n in
Ta
bl
e
1.
Re
sistance R
In
duc
t
a
n
c
e
X
L
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J Po
w El
ec
&
Dr
i
S
y
st
IS
SN:
208
8-8
6
9
4
Fa
ul
t det
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
loc
a
ti
on
o
f
power
tra
n
s
m
i
s
si
on li
ne
susi
n
g
… (Sa’
a
d
A
h
med
S
.
Al K
a
zz
az)
7
31
Ta
ble
-
1:
Sho
w
s ANF
IS
chara
c
t
e
ristic
s of
the
faul
t
s
det
ect
i
o
n i
n
t
h
e t
r
a
n
sm
i
s
si
on l
i
ne
s
9-8
a
n
d
li
ne
4
-
5
M
e
m
b
ership Funct
i
on T
y
pe
(M
FT
)
T
r
i
a
ngle
T
h
e nu
m
b
e
r
of
e
n
t
r
i
e
s
2 (R
es
ista
nc
e
R
e
lu
c
t
anc
e
of t
r
a
n
s
m
iss
i
on line
)
Num
b
er o
f
i
n
put
n
ode
s
14
N
u
m
b
er
of
r
u
l
e
s
no
d
e
s
49
Num
b
er
o
f
output
nodes
49
N
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
e
p
o
c
h t
r
a
i
ning
100
Fig
u
r
e 6
fu
lfils th
e
flo
w
ch
ar
t in
th
e
relay
a
l
g
o
r
ith
m th
at
can
b
e
fo
u
n
d
in
thr
e
e stag
es
th
r
ough
th
e
ut
i
l
i
z
at
i
on of
a
d
ap
ta
ble
A
N
FIS a
nd th
e i
d
en
t
i
fi
ca
ti
on o
f
fa
ul
t
ca
ses,
and
i
n
a
s
ce
rt
ain
i
ng th
e va
lu
e t
h
ro
u
g
h
ot
he
r tran
sit
o
ry c
a
se
s.
In a
d
di
t
i
on,
i
t
a
s
c
e
rt
ai
ns t
h
e
en
tire si
gn
al
c
u
rren
t a
nd
v
o
l
t
a
g
e (a
t
a b
a
se
of
6
0
H
z
)
t
o
p
r
oc
ess
th
e rat
e
of i
m
pe
danc
e an
d di
ffere
n
ce
it
an
d the
set
t
i
ng.
F
i
gure 6
AN
FIS
base
d d
i
sta
n
ce rela
y
im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e.
M
o
r
e
ov
er
, en
s
u
in
g th
at,
w
i
l
l
e
x
am
in
e wh
et
h
e
r
th
e
b
l
a
m
e i
s
in
ter
n
al o
r
e
x
ter
n
al to
th
e zo
n
e
of
pr
ot
ect
i
on.
Th
e
si
x
e
n
t
r
i
e
s o
f
t
h
e
re
la
y t
h
at t
h
e
yiel
d a
nd vol
t
a
ges of th
e t
h
ree
sta
g
e
s
ill
ust
r
ate
d
posse
ss
a
si
ngul
a
r t
r
ip si
gna
l
t
r
ansmitte
d
to t
h
e
e
l
ectr
i
c
a
l
sw
i
t
c
h
.
F
i
gure 6.
T
h
e
fl
o
w
c
h
art
i
n
the
rel
a
y
a
l
gori
t
h
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
: 2
088
-8
6
94
Int
J
P
o
w
Ele
c
& D
r
i
S
y
st, V
o
l
.
1
1
,
N
o
.
2, Ju
ne
20
2
0
:
72
6
– 73
4
73
2
6.
T
E
S
T
R
E
S
ULT
S
OF
ANFIS
D
E
S
IG
NED REL
A
Y
A
L
GO
R
I
TH
M
To
gu
ar
ant
e
e th
e r
e
l
a
y
cap
a
ci
ty
to
id
ent
i
f
y
f
a
u
lts in
t
h
e
tr
an
sm
iss
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
an
d d
e
ter
m
in
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
t
ectio
n
zo
ne w
h
er
e
th
e
f
a
ul
t o
c
cu
r
r
ed
,
tes
t
in
g
of
t
h
e
de
si
gne
d
rel
a
y is ac
hi
e
v
ed
.
Va
ri
ous fa
ul
t
c
a
ses
on
t
h
e t
r
a
n
smi
ssi
on l
i
n
e
a
c
r
oss va
ri
ou
s
l
o
ca
tio
ns are c
onsi
d
e
r
e
d
.
T
h
e T
a
bl
e
3 pre
s
ent
s
t
h
e prese
n
t val
u
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
em
wh
en
t
h
e
f
a
u
l
t
o
c
cu
r
r
ed
a
n
d af
ter
th
e
occ
u
r
r
ence
on 50%
of the
tr
a
n
smission line
at
busba
r
9-
8,
t
h
e
t
y
pe
o
f
fa
ul
t
i
s
si
ng
l
e
-li
n
e
(A) t
o
g
r
ou
nd.
T
a
b
l
e
4
show
s t
h
e
sy
ste
m
curre
nt
v
a
l
u
e
s
b
e
fore
a
n
d
af
ter
th
e f
a
ul
t occu
r
at th
e 7
0
% of
th
e tr
an
sm
issio
n
li
ne
at b
u
s b
a
r
4-5
an
d
t
h
e ty
pe of
th
e f
a
u
lt is
t
h
r
e
e
lin
e
(
A
B
C
)
to
g
r
oun
d.
Ta
bl
e 3.
In
di
ca
tes t
h
e
pres
ent
syst
em va
l
u
e
s
pri
o
r t
o
and
e
n
sui
ng t
h
e
o
c
cu
rrenc
e
s of fau
l
t
s
Nu
m
b
er o
f
th
e
li
n
e
T
h
e
s
y
stem
c
u
rrent v
a
l
u
e
s
b
e
f
o
re
the
fau
l
t
Th
e sy
st
em
cu
r
r
e
n
t
v
a
lu
es
af
te
r
th
e
f
a
u
lt
Peak
cu
r
r
en
t
Ia
A
P
e
ak
cu
rr
e
n
t
Ib
A
P
e
ak
cu
rr
e
n
t
Ic
A
P
e
ak
cu
rr
e
n
t
Ia
A
P
e
ak
cu
rr
e
n
t
Ib
A
P
e
ak
cu
rr
e
n
t
Ic
A
7-
8
193
193
193 282.
5
290 299.
6
7-
5
145
145
145
92
82
96
9-
8
131
131
131
1089
134.
6
131
9-
6
111.
9
111.
9
111.
9
193.
9
180.
4
181.
2
4-
6
211
211
211
123
110.
5
124.
2
4-
5
271.
2
271.
2
271.
2
333 318 332
T
a
b
l
e
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r
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1706 1785 1186
It
ca
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Tabl
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re
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sti
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r t
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-
8
No Di
st
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ANFIS
State
with
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2 9-8
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Trip
3 7-5
Trip
Non
4 4-5
Trip
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5 4-6
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Non
6
9
‐
6
Tr
ip
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Tabl
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6.
S
hows
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r
t
h
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ts
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-
5
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Sta
t
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wit
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t
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at
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t
h
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Non
2 9-8
Trip
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4 4-5
Trip
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6
9
‐
6
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t
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.
a)
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S
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C
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T
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d
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Ph
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ase
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
& Dri
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I
SSN
: 208
8-8
6
9
4
Fau
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33
F
i
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Figure 8.
V
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ltage
and
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r
r
e
n
t respo
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r
an
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CO
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Di
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r
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rs
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uro
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IS
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t
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n
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pe
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,
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termined
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ppor
ting
ANFI
S algor
ithm for
id
en
tif
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c
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t
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n
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ul
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f
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fro
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o
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e in
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ech
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ent
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improv
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e
t
r
a
n
smi
s
si
on
li
n
e
.
AC
KN
O
W
L
E
D
G
M
ENT
S
The a
u
t
hors
a
r
e
acknow
le
dge
d Unvie
r
sit
y
of Mos
u
l
f
o
r
provi
d
i
ng
f
a
c
ilit
ie
s
t
o
compl
e
t
e
t
h
i
s
wor
k
.
R
E
F
EREN
C
E
S
[1
]
B.
T
a
h
e
ri,
et al
.,
"Dete
c
ti
on
o
f
p
o
we
r swin
g
a
n
d
fa
u
lt oc
curri
ng
si
m
u
l
t
a
n
e
o
usly
wi
th
powe
r
swin
g u
s
i
n
g
in
stan
tan
e
ou
s f
r
e
q
u
e
ncy
,
"
En
er
g
y
Sys
t
.
,
Jan
20
19.
[2
]
Mo
hamed
M
.
Is
mail
and
M
.
A.
M
o
u
s
tafa
H
a
ss
an, "
D
is
tan
c
e
r
e
l
a
y
prot
ec
tion
fo
r
s
hort a
n
d
lo
ng
tr
ans
m
iss
i
o
n
line
,
"
5
t
h
In
te
rn
at
io
nal C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
on M
o
d
e
ll
in
g
,
I
d
e
n
ti
fic
at
io
n an
d
Con
t
rol
(ICM
I
C), IE
EE
Co
nfe
r
e
n
c
e
, pp
. 2
0
4
–2
11,
S
e
p
t
20
13
[3
]
J.
R Kam
e
l
,
T
.
S
.
,
Has
s
an,
M
.
M
.
and
El-M
ors
h
edy
,
A.,
"U
si
ng a combined
artifi
c
ial inte
llig
en
t app
r
o
ach in
dist
anc
e
rel
a
y for
transmi
s
s
i
on l
i
ne
pro
t
ec
tion
in
EP
S
"
,
F
i
fth Int
e
rnat
ional
Conference on
Soft
Computing, Computi
n
g wi
th
W
o
r
d
s
and P
e
r
c
epti
ons
in Syst
em A
n
al
ysis
, Deci
sion and Cont
r
o
l. IEEE Conf
er
ence
,
F
a
mag
u
st
a
,
C
y
p
r
us
, pp
.1-6
,
S
e
p
t
.
20
09
[4
]
R. S
y
a
h
pu
tr
a,
"A
N
e
u
r
o
–
Fu
z
z
y
appro
ach
fo
r
the
fau
lt lo
ca
ti
on
estim
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
u
n
sy
nch
r
on
iz
e
d
tw
o t
e
rmin
al
tr
ans
m
is
si
on
l
i
n
e
s,"
In
te
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l J
o
urna
l of Co
mp
ut
e
r
S
c
ie
nce
&
In
fo
rma
t
i
on T
e
c
h
no
lo
gy
(IJ
C
SIT)
,
vol
. 5
,
no 1
,
pp.
23
–
37
, F
e
b
201
0
[5
]
Ba
b
a
rin
d
e
, A.K
.
, Adew
uy
i, P
.
A
.
and
Ad
eku
n
le
, A
.,
"
D
es
ig
n of
f
u
zzy log
i
c-b
a
se
d relay
fo
r distan
ce
p
r
otect
io
n,"
FUO
Y
E Jo
ur
na
l o
f
Eng
i
n
e
erin
g
and
T
echn
o
log
y
, v
o
l
.
2,
n
o
. 2, 2
017
.
[6
]
S
.
A. S
h
aikh
an
d at el
., "S
h
o
rt
c
i
rcuit an
alys
is &
ov
er cu
rren
t
r
e
l
a
ying
co
ordina
tio
n of IE
EE 9
-
Bu
s sy
stem,"
20
1
8
5th Internati
o
nal Multi-T
o
pi
c IC
T Conf
erence (I
MT
IC)
,
Jams
hor
o
,
P
a
k
i
s
t
an,
Ap
r
20
18
.
[7
]
Als
a
mmak
,
A.N. and
A
b
d
u
lh
a
m
e
e
d, M
.
I
.
I.,
"
P
erf
o
rmanc
e
imp
r
ov
emen
t for dist
a
n
ce
r
e
lay
bas
e
d fu
zzy lo
g
i
c
fo
r
a
l
l
pros
pectiv
e f
acts
,
"
Int
e
rn
ation
a
l
Re
s
e
ar
ch
Jo
ur
na
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
eering
an
d T
e
ch
no
lo
g
y
(IRJET
)
, v
o
l
.
5, no
.
8,
p
p
.
14
89
-
149
4,
Au
g 2
0
1
8
.
[8
]
C. I.
Cion
tea
,
"
T
he u
s
e
of
sy
mm
etrical
compo
n
e
n
ts in
e
l
e
c
trical
p
r
otec
tio
n
,"
2
019
72
nd Co
nf
e
r
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
P
r
o
t
ec
tive
R
e
l
a
y Engineer
s (CPRE
)
,
p
p
. 25
-2
8,
Ma
r 20
19
,
Col
l
e
g
e
Stat
io
n
,
TX,
USA.
[9
]
P.
Ku
nd
u, A. K.
Pra
dha
n, "
R
eal
-Ti
m
e a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
of
po
we
r
sy
st
em
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
sch
e
m
e
s
usin
g
sy
nc
h
r
o
n
i
z
e
d
da
ta",
IEEE
T
r
a
n
s
a
ctio
ns
on
Ind
u
s
t
rial
Infor
m
a
t
ics
,
vo
l.
1
4
,
no
.
9,
S
e
pt.
20
18
.
[1
0]
Zadeh
,
H
.
K
.
an
d Li,
Z.
,
"
A
no
vel
po
wer
s
w
ing
b
l
ock
i
n
g
sche
me
us
ing
ad
ap
tive
neu
r
o-fu
zzy
i
n
ferenc
e
sy
ste
m
,"
E
l
ectric P
o
w
e
r S
y
stems
R
e
s
e
ar
ch
,
vo
l,
7
8
,
no.
7,
pp
. 1
1
3
8
-1
14
6, 200
8.
[1
1]
Bonetti
,
A
.
,
Ya
lla
,
M
.
V
.
an
d
Holst,
S.
, "
T
h
e
IEC
60
255
-12
1
: 20
14
stand
a
r
d
a
n
d
its
imp
a
c
t
on
p
e
rform
an
ce
specificat
io
n, t
e
stin
g an
d
ev
alu
a
tion
of
d
i
s
t
an
c
e
protec
tion
r
e
lay
s
,"
In
Tran
smi
s
sio
n
a
n
d
Di
st
ri
buti
o
n Conf
e
r
e
n
ce
and
Expos
itio
n
,
IEEE
Con
f
er
en
c
e
,
Da
l
l
a
s
,
T
X
, USA,
pp
.
1-6, May
20
16
.
[1
2]
X.
Lin
,
Y. Ga
o, P
.
Li
u
,
"A n
ove
l
sc
he
me
to
i
d
e
n
ti
fy sym
m
e
t
ric
a
l
fa
u
l
ts oc
c
u
rrin
g
du
rin
g
p
o
we
r,
"
I
EEE Tr
ans
.
Pow
e
r
Del
.,
vol
.
2
3
,
no
.
1,
pp
.
7
3
-
78
, J
a
n
.
20
08
.
[1
3]
S
.
Lo
tfifard
,
J
.
F
a
iz, M
.
Kezu
n
o
v
i
c,
"
D
et
e
c
t
i
o
n
of
sy
m
m
etri
ca
l fa
ult
s
by
d
i
sta
n
c
e
re
la
y
s
du
ri
ng
p
o
we
r swin
gs,
"
I
EEE
T
r
a
n
s
.
P
o
w
e
r
Del
.,
vol. 2
5
,
no.
1,
p
p
. 8
1
-87,
Ja
n
.
20
10.
[1
4]
E.
P.
Th
we
an
d
M. M
.
O
o
,
"F
au
lt d
e
te
ction
and
c
l
as
sific
a
ti
on
for
t
r
ans
m
is
sion line
p
r
otectio
n
sys
t
e
m
using
ar
tifici
a
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
: 2
088
-86
94
I
n
t J
P
o
w
El
ec
&
D
r
i S
y
st
,
V
o
l
.
11,
N
o
.
2,
J
u
ne
20
2
0
:
72
6 –
73
4
73
4
neural
ne
two
r
k,"
Jo
urn
a
l
of
El
ec
tr
ical
a
nd
Ele
c
tro
n
ic
En
gin
eering
,
vol
.4
, no.
5
,
pp.
89
-96
,
2
016
.
[1
5]
S
H
i
d
a
and
etal,
"
A
crit
ic
al rev
i
e
w
of d
i
stan
ce
rel
a
ying
te
chn
i
qu
es un
der
po
wer
swing
co
nd
it
io
n,"
IEE
E
P
E
S
G
T
D
Gran
d In
te
rna
tion
a
l
Con
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
an
d Ex
po
si
ti
on
Asi
a
(GT
D
Asi
a
)
,
20
19.
[1
6]
Abd
u
llah
,
A
m
a
l
i
n
a, "F
au
lt id
en
tif
i
catio
n us
in
g
a n
e
w
s
c
hem
e
o
f
h
ybrid AN
F
I
S
,
"
IEEE
1
5
th
Stud
en
t Con
f
eren
c
e
o
n
Resea
r
ch
an
d
D
eve
lo
pmen
t
(S
C
O
ReD)
, P
u
tr
ajay
a, M
a
lays
ia,
p
p
.
35
6 –
36
0
,
20
17
.
[1
7]
Ya
m
e
n R.
Al
sy
ou
fi a
n
d
Amm
a
r A. Hajj
a
r
, "
A
hi
gh
-spee
d
a
l
gori
t
h
m
to d
i
sc
rim
i
n
a
te
b
e
twee
n
p
o
we
r swin
g a
n
d
faults
in
dist
anc
e
relay
s
b
a
sed
on
a fas
t
w
a
ve
let
,
"
El
e
c
tr
ic
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
st
ems
Res
e
ar
ch
,
Vol
.
17
2,
pp
26
9-2
7
6
.
[1
8]
Huan
, V
.
P
.
,
“A
n A
N
F
I
S
b
a
sed
appro
ach
to
imp
r
o
v
e th
e f
a
u
l
t
lo
catio
n
on
110
k
V
tran
smission
line
Dak
M
i
l-D
a
k
Nong,”
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jou
r
n
a
l of
Com
puter Scien
ce
Iss
u
es
(I
JCSI)
,
1
1
(
3)
,
p
p
. 1, 201
4.
[1
9]
S
a
ad
AL-Kaz
za
z, Ibr
a
h
i
m
Isma
el, "O
n
Line
Tu
ning
of P
I
D P
a
rame
ters
us
ing
F
u
zzy Log
i
c
for
D
C
M
o
to
r
S
p
ee
d,"
In
t
e
rn
at
io
na
l J
ourn
a
l
o
f
Sc
ie
nt
ific
& En
g
i
ne
e
r
i
ng Re
se
arc
h
,
vo
l.
7
,
n
o
.
9
,
pp
. 15
18
-15
25,
S
e
pt
. 2
0
1
6
.
[2
0]
Ostamimonf
ared, A
.
T
a
lebbaigy
,
T.
E
s
m
aeili, M.
Fazeli and
A. Kazemzad
eh, “Cyl
indrical
silicon nanow
i
r
e
t
r
a
n
si
st
or
m
o
de
lin
g
b
a
se
d on
a
d
ap
ti
ve n
e
uro
-fuz
z
y i
n
fe
re
n
c
e
sy
st
em
(ANFIS),
"
J
E
l
ec
tr
En
g
Te
ch
no
l (J
EET
)
,
vol
.
8
,
n
o
.
5, p
p
.
11
63
-1
16
8,
20
1
3
.
[2
1]
R.A. Gh
an
i, a
n
d at
el.
,
"
A
n
f
is
ap
proach
fo
r
lo
cat
ing
fau
l
ts
us
in
g gp
s coord
i
n
a
tes
in
a
d
i
strib
u
t
io
n sy
ste
m
"
,
7t
h
Bru
n
ei In
tern
atio
nal Co
nfer
ence
o
n
Eng
i
n
e
erin
g
and
T
echn
o
log
y
, pp
. 4, 20
18
.
[2
2]
Ibrahim
Is
ma
e
l
,
"The d
i
stan
ce
re
lay
by us
in
g
ANF
I
S
to
d
e
te
ct
f
a
u
l
ts
i
n
tr
ans
m
is
si
on l
i
n
e
,
"
In
te
rn
at
io
na
l J
o
u
r
na
l o
f
Adva
nc
em
ents in
Resea
r
ch
& T
ech
no
lo
gy
,
vol
. 5
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
14
-21
,
20
16
.
[2
3]
S
i
ng
h, G.K.,
an
d
A
l
K
azz
az
, S
a
’ad
Ah
m
e
d S
., "
D
ev
elo
p
m
e
nt
o
f
an I
n
t
e
ll
ig
en
t
Di
agno
st
ic
S
y
st
em
f
o
r
I
n
d
u
c
t
io
n
M
a
c
h
i
n
e H
e
alt
h
Mo
ni
to
ri
ng
,"
IE
EE S
y
s
t
em
Jou
r
na
l
,
vo
l.
2,
no.
2,
pp
.
2
73–
28
8,
Jun
2
008
.
[2
4]
Majid
S
a
nay
e
-P
asand
and
P
e
y
m
an
Jafar
i
an
“
A
n
adap
tiv
e
d
e
cision
lo
gi
c
to
enh
a
nc
e
d
i
s
t
a
n
ce
prot
ection
of
tr
ans
m
is
si
on
li
ne
s”,
IEEE Tr
ansac
t
i
o
ns
on
Power
Del
i
very
,
v
o
l
. 26,
n
o
.
4, p
p
.
21
34–
21
44
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
5]
Re
dd
y,
M
.
J
a
y
a
B
h
a
r
a
t
a
et
a
l
.
,
"Sm
a
rt fa
u
l
t lo
c
a
tio
n for sm
a
r
t gri
d
ope
ra
tion usin
g rtu
s
a
nd c
o
m
p
u
t
at
io
nal
i
n
t
e
lli
ge
nc
e te
c
hni
q
u
e
s
,"
IE
E
E
Sy
st
e
m
s J
o
u
r
na
l
,
vo
l.
8, n
o
.
4
,
pp.
12
60
-12
7
1
,
20
1
4
.
BIO
G
RA
PHIES OF
AU
THOR
S
S
a
’
a
d
A
h
med S.
A
l
K
a
zzaz was b
o
rn
in Mo
su
l,
Iraq
,
i
n
19
60
. H
e
r
e
cei
ved
th
e
B.
Sc.
and
the
M
.
Sc.
deg
r
ee i
n
el
e
c
t
r
i
cal
en
gi
nee
r
ing
fro
m
t
h
e
Un
i
v
ersi
t
y
o
f
Mos
u
l
,
M
o
sul
,
Ira
q
i
n
1
9
8
2
& 1
985
re
spe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y, a
n
d
P
h
.
D
.
de
gr
ee
s i
n
el
e
c
t
ri
cal
engi
neer
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
I
n
d
i
a
n
In
st
itu
t
e
of
Te
c
h
no
l
ogy (
IIT)
Roor
k
e
e
,
R
o
o
r
k
e
e
,
In
d
i
a
,
in
20
01
.
I
n
No
v.
1987
,
he
jo
in
ed
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
of
Elec
tric
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
Un
iv
er
sity
of
M
o
su
l
as
a
le
c
t
u
r
er
. H
i
s
c
u
rr
en
t r
e
se
a
r
ch
i
n
t
e
r
e
sts
i
n
c
l
ude
In
te
ll
ig
en
t
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
a
n
d
M
o
n
itor
i
ng
of
el
ect
ri
c
a
l
e
qui
pme
n
t
.
He
au
t
h
o
r
ed
an
d c
o
a
u
t
h
ore
d
a
b
out
of
3
0
sc
ie
nti
f
i
c
pa
pe
rs
pu
bli
c
a
t
ions
in
nat
i
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
int
e
r
n
at
i
o
n
a
l
j
o
ur
nal
.
I
b
r
a
h
i
m Isma
el abdu
l
h
am
eed
:
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d th
e
B.
Sc
.
d
e
g
r
ee in
e
l
ec
tr
ic
a
l
e
n
g
i
n
eer
ing
f
r
o
m
M
o
s
u
l Un
i
v
e
r
si
ty
,
M
o
su
l,
I
r
a
q
,
in
2
011
, and
th
e
M
.
S
c
.
d
e
g
r
e
e
in
con
t
ro
l sy
ste
m
fro
m
th
e
Mo
su
l
,
I
r
a
q
,
in
201
4
.
H
i
s
cu
rr
en
t
rese
ar
c
h
i
n
te
re
st
s
i
n
cl
ud
e
c
l
assic
a
l
c
o
n
t
ro
l,
Int
e
l
l
i
ge
nt c
o
nt
rol
a
n
d po
wer
syst
em.
Kara
m Kha
i
r
u
l
l
a
h
Mo
h
a
m
m
e
d
: rec
e
i
v
ed
the
B
.
Sc. de
gree i
n
el
ec
t
r
i
cal
engi
neeri
n
g
f
r
o
m
Mo
su
l
Un
iv
ers
ity
,
Mo
su
l, I
r
aq
,
i
n
2
012
,
and
th
e
M
.
Sc
.
d
e
gr
ee
i
n
ind
u
st
r
i
a
l
po
we
r_c
o
ntr
o
l
syste
m
fr
om
t
h
e U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
i
Tekni
kal
Ma
la
ysi
a
Mel
a
ka
(
U
Te
M)
,
Mal
a
ysi
a
,
i
n
2
0
1
8
.
He
is c
u
r
r
ent
l
y
pu
rs
ui
ng
t
h
e
P
h
.
D
.
de
gr
ee
wi
t
h
t
h
e
Uni
v
e
r
si
ti
Te
kn
o
l
o
g
i
M
a
l
a
y
s
ia
(U
TM)
,
M
a
la
y
s
ia
.
H
i
s cu
rr
en
t
r
e
sear
c
h
in
t
e
r
e
sts
in
c
l
u
d
e
in
in
du
str
i
a
l
po
w
e
r
co
n
t
ro
l
sy
stem.
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