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I
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12
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2
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d
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
h
e
n
ce
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
t
r
o
l
law
co
m
b
in
es
th
e
s
tr
ateg
y
o
f
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
in
g
(
MPPT)
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
an
n
u
al
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
[
1
4
]
a
n
d
to
m
ax
im
ize
th
e
p
o
wer
ex
tr
ac
ted
w
ith
th
e
l
o
west
p
o
s
s
ib
le
im
p
ac
t
o
n
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
t
r
an
s
f
er
o
f
p
o
we
r
b
etwe
en
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
g
e
n
er
atio
n
a
n
d
th
e
g
r
i
d
is
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
b
y
a
g
o
o
d
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
b
etwe
en
th
em
wo
u
ld
ar
is
e
d
u
r
in
g
f
ailu
r
es.
I
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
wo
r
k
s
,
tr
ad
itio
n
al
L
VR
T
tech
n
iq
u
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
im
p
lem
en
te
d
o
n
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
u
n
d
er
a
wea
k
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
[
1
5
]
,
[
16
]
a
n
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
B
o
r
o
ïev
itch
team
wh
ic
h
h
as
b
ee
n
wo
r
k
in
g
o
n
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
r
a
lo
n
g
ti
m
e
an
d
with
g
o
o
d
p
r
o
g
r
ess
[
1
7
]
-
[
19
]
wh
ich
g
iv
es
a
s
im
p
lifi
ed
m
o
d
el
o
f
a
lar
g
e
s
ig
n
al
s
y
s
tem
to
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
s
tab
ilit
y
cr
iter
io
n
.
T
h
ese
two
wo
r
k
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
will
ca
u
s
e
th
e
lo
s
s
o
f
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
o
n
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
t
h
e
p
o
wer
g
r
id
u
n
d
er
s
ev
er
e
f
au
lt
an
d
m
ay
d
estab
ilize
g
r
id
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
.
R
ec
en
tly
,
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
to
p
ics
s
u
ch
as
Dis
cr
ete
Fo
u
r
ier
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
[
2
0
]
,
Ka
lm
an
f
ilter
in
g
[
2
1
]
,
least
-
s
q
u
ar
es
esti
m
atio
n
[
2
2
]
,
a
r
tific
ial
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
[2
3
]
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
o
r
d
er
g
e
n
e
r
alize
d
in
teg
r
ato
r
(
SOGI
)
[2
4
]
,
h
av
e
b
ee
n
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
p
h
ase
a
n
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
.
R
ef
er
en
ce
[
2
5
]
p
r
esen
ts
a
d
etailed
r
ev
iew
o
f
s
ev
er
al
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
an
d
tech
n
i
q
u
es
th
at
ar
e
wid
ely
u
s
ed
to
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
ize
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
in
v
er
ter
s
with
th
e
g
r
id
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
em
p
h
asized
t
h
at
g
r
id
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
is
a
g
e
n
er
al
p
r
o
b
lem
ass
o
ciate
d
with
g
r
id
-
b
o
u
n
d
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ic
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
[
2
6
]
.
T
o
s
o
lv
e
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
,
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
tak
en
i
n
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
.
No
wad
a
y
s
,
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
v
ec
t
o
r
co
n
t
r
o
l
r
elies
o
n
th
e
p
h
ase
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
PMSG,
wh
ich
will
f
i
ll
a
p
h
ase
lo
ck
e
d
lo
o
p
(
PL
L
)
[
2
7
]
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
ted
t
h
at
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
n
o
v
el
s
y
ch
r
o
n
is
atio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
PLL
is
th
at
it
av
o
id
s
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
d
o
u
b
le
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
er
r
o
r
with
a
s
im
p
le
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
ea
s
e
o
f
p
ar
am
eter
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
d
is
co
v
er
s
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
b
y
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
as
well
a
s
p
er
f
ec
t
p
h
ase
tr
ac
k
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
w
i
th
ze
r
o
p
h
ase
tr
ac
k
in
g
er
r
o
r
[
2
8
]
,
[
29
]
o
r
co
n
s
tan
t
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
y
s
tem
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
al
an
d
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
ig
n
al
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
an
aly
s
is
d
is
p
lay
s
an
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
h
ig
h
er
e
f
f
icac
y
r
atio
o
f
9
8
,
7
2
%.
T
h
e
win
d
g
en
er
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e,
a
PMSG,
a
PW
M
r
ec
tifie
r
,
a
PW
M
in
v
er
ter
an
d
a
p
h
ase
d
ec
to
r
.
T
h
e
g
r
id
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
ter
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
d
-
q
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
f
r
am
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
PLL
tech
n
iq
u
e
th
at
is
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
i
ze
s
th
e
in
v
er
ter
an
d
th
e
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
r
ip
p
le
at
th
e
in
v
er
ter
is
f
ilter
ed
.
T
h
e
f
ilter
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
is
f
ed
in
to
th
e
g
r
i
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
tep
-
u
p
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
as sh
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
M
S
G
M
ac
h
i
n
e
S
i
d
e
C
on
tr
ol
G
r
i
d
S
i
d
e
C
on
tr
ol
F
i
l
te
r
El
e
c
tr
i
c
al
G
R
I
D
M
P
P
T
an
d
P
i
tc
h
an
gl
e
c
on
tr
ol
P
WM
P
WM
dq
ab
c
P
L
L
Tu
r
b
i
n
e
Tr
an
s
for
me
r
C
β
Vs
Cp
ꙍ
m
I
ab
c
V
ab
c
ꙍ
P
u
l
s
e
s
θ
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sch
em
atic
o
f
W
E
C
S b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
PMSG
T
h
is
p
ap
er
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
as
f
o
llo
ws.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
d
escr
ip
tio
n
is
d
escr
ib
e
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ec
tio
n
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ec
tio
n
.
Sectio
n
th
r
ee
is
d
ed
icate
d
to
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
s
ec
tio
n
ex
p
lain
s
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
g
r
id
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
u
s
in
g
PLL
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
ied
co
n
tr
o
l to
p
o
lo
g
y
ar
e
p
r
esen
te
d
in
th
e
f
if
t
h
s
ec
tio
n
.
At
th
e
en
d
,
a
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
is
d
r
a
wn
in
th
e
s
ix
th
s
ec
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
C
o
n
tr
o
l o
f g
r
id
s
id
e
co
n
ve
r
ter in
w
in
d
p
o
w
er b
a
s
ed
P
MS
G
w
ith
P
LL
meth
o
d
(
R
a
n
ia
Mo
u
tc
h
o
u
)
2193
2.
M
O
DE
L
I
NG
O
F
SY
ST
E
M
CO
M
P
O
NE
N
T
S
2
.
1
.
W
ind
t
urbin
e
T
ak
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
ch
o
s
en
win
d
s
p
ee
d
v
(
B
u
ild
er
s
ig
n
al)
,
a
p
p
lied
to
t
h
e
b
lad
es
o
f
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e,
th
e
m
ec
h
an
ic
al
p
o
wer
o
n
th
e
t
u
r
b
in
e
s
h
a
f
t P
t
is
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
th
e
[
3
1
]
:
=
1
2
.
(
ʎ
,
)
.
.
.
²
.
3
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
ρ
r
ep
r
esen
t
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
th
e
d
en
s
ity
o
f
air
(
k
g
/m
3
)
,
R
is
th
e
b
lad
e
r
ad
iu
s
(
m
)
an
d
v
is
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
(
m
/s
)
an
d
(
ʎ
,
)
is
th
e
tu
r
b
in
e
p
o
wer
co
ef
f
icien
t
.
W
h
er
e
λ
is
d
ef
in
e
d
b
y
[
3
2
]
:
=
.
Ω
(
2
)
w
ith
R
th
e
r
ay
o
f
p
ale
o
f
th
e
w
in
d
,
C
p
r
ea
ctiv
ity
p
o
we
r
co
ef
f
icien
t a
n
d
Ω
t
th
e
an
g
u
lar
a
v
el
o
city
o
f
th
e
tu
r
b
in
e
(
r
ad
/s
ec
)
.
T
h
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
to
r
q
u
e
o
u
t
p
u
t C
m
g
i
v
en
as
[
3
3
]
,
[
34
]:
=
1
2
.
.
.
3
.
2
.
(
ʎ
,
)
(
3
)
w
ith
:
=
ʎ
(
4
)
T
h
e
p
o
wer
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
C
p
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
ae
r
o
d
y
n
am
ic
e
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
an
d
also
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
th
e
tu
r
b
in
e.
T
h
is
co
ef
f
ici
en
t
h
as
a
th
eo
r
etica
l
lim
it,
ca
lled
th
e
B
etz
lim
it
,
eq
u
al
to
0
.
5
9
3
an
d
wh
ich
is
n
ev
er
r
ea
ch
e
d
in
p
r
ac
tice
b
u
t
it
is
b
etwe
en
0
.
4
an
d
0
.
4
5
[
35
].
I
n
o
u
r
ca
s
e,
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
C
p
(
λ
,
β)
ar
e
m
o
d
eled
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ex
p
o
n
en
tial a
p
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
[
3
6
]
:
=
1
2
(
116
−
0
.
4
−
5
)
−
(
21
)
(
5
)
w
ith
:
1
=
1
+
0
.
08
−
0
.
035
3
+
1
(
6
)
An
d
β is
th
e
p
itch
an
g
le
o
f
th
e
b
lad
es.
Fig
u
r
e
2
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
o
wer
co
ef
f
icien
t
cu
r
v
es
as
a
f
u
n
c
tio
n
o
f
λ
f
o
r
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
v
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e
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o
f
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T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
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alu
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C
p
(
C
pmax
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4
8
)
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h
iev
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d
f
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p
t
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n
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ch
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th
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o
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icien
t
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tr
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o
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n
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im
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tr
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o
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o
m
th
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n
tr
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l
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[
1
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wn
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F
ig
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e
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u
r
e
2
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Po
wer
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o
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t C
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u
r
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3
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T
h
e
Po
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Pt with
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I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
2191
–
2
2
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2194
2
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2
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P
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T
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o
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ar
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eter
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e
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in
T
ab
le
1
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two
th
r
ee
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p
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ase
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ce
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o
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ter
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b
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im
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lify
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t
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o
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e
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atr
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1
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m
a
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t m
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v
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1
4
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/
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l
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z
N
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mb
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f
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1
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M
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t
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a
J=
0
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0
0
8
9
k
m
g
2
T
h
e
m
ath
em
atica
l m
o
d
el
o
f
a
PMSG in
th
e
d
-
q
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
is
r
e
p
r
esen
te
d
u
s
u
ally
b
y
(
7
)
[
37
]
-
[
39
]
.
{
=
+
−
=
+
+
(
7
)
W
h
er
e
R
s
i
s
th
e
s
tato
r
r
esis
t
an
ce
,
L
s
th
e
in
d
u
ctan
ce
o
f
s
tato
r
,
ω
r
th
e
r
o
tatio
n
a
l
v
elo
c
ity
o
f
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
,
v
sd
,
v
sq
,
i
sd
an
d
i
sq
ar
e
s
tato
r
v
o
ltag
e,
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
in
th
e
d
-
q
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
ad
ap
tatio
n
o
f
eq
u
atio
n
s
th
e
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
s
tato
r
p
o
wer
s
o
f
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
en
e
r
ato
r
to
th
e
c
h
o
s
en
s
y
s
tem
o
f
ax
es a
n
d
to
th
e
s
im
p
lif
y
in
g
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
v
sd
=0
an
d
v
sq
=v
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
o
u
r
ca
s
e
g
iv
es:
{
=
=
(
8
)
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
e
d
as
:
=
3
2
[
(
−
)
+
∅
]
(
9
)
w
h
er
e
ϕ
is
th
e
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
an
d
p
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
o
le
p
air
s
o
f
th
e
g
en
e
r
ato
r
.
T
h
e
d
y
n
am
ic
e
q
u
atio
n
o
f
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
s
y
s
tem
is
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
:
=
−
−
(
1
0
)
w
h
er
e,
ω
m
an
d
J
r
ep
r
esen
t
r
esp
e
ctiv
ely
th
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
s
p
ee
d
an
d
m
o
m
en
t
o
f
in
er
tia
,
f
is
th
e
v
is
co
u
s
f
r
ictio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t a
n
d
C
mec
is
th
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
to
r
q
u
e
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
b
y
t
h
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e.
3.
CO
NT
RO
L
O
F
M
ACH
I
N
E
SI
D
E
CO
NVE
RT
E
R
In
th
e
t
u
r
b
in
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
s
tem
,
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
c
o
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
o
p
tim
al
win
d
s
p
ee
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
a
r
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
i
n
th
e
g
en
e
r
ato
r
s
i
d
e
r
ec
tifie
r
c
o
n
tr
o
l
g
o
als
u
s
in
g
th
e
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
ller
[
4
0
]
,
[
4
1
]
.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
will
b
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
VS
-
W
E
C
S
wh
en
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
p
ee
d
is
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
o
p
.
Fo
r
th
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
v
ec
to
r
c
o
n
tr
o
l
(
VC
)
is
ad
o
p
ted
as
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
d
-
ax
is
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(
i
sd
)
an
d
t
h
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
cu
r
r
en
t
(
i
sd
*
)
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
an
d
s
u
b
tr
ac
ted
,
wh
i
ch
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
d
-
ax
is
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e
s
ig
n
al
(
v
sd
'
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
wh
er
e
th
e
d
-
ax
is
co
s
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
is
s
e
t
to
ze
r
o
to
r
ed
u
ce
c
o
p
p
e
r
lo
s
s
,
as
well
as
f
o
r
th
e
q
-
a
x
is
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
tato
r
o
f
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
with
i
ts
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
al
wh
ich
is
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
n
o
m
in
al
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
r
o
tatio
n
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
g
e
n
e
r
ato
r
(
ω
m
*
)
b
y
its
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
s
p
ee
d
(
ω
m
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
q
ax
i
s
(
v
sq
'
)
i
s
o
b
tain
ed
,
wh
ich
is
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
Fi
n
ally
,
th
e
d
ec
o
u
p
le
d
v
o
ltag
es,
v
sd
*
an
d
v
sq
*
,
ar
e
d
er
i
v
ed
as sh
o
wn
in
(
1
1
)
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
C
o
n
tr
o
l o
f g
r
id
s
id
e
co
n
ve
r
ter in
w
in
d
p
o
w
er b
a
s
ed
P
MS
G
w
ith
P
LL
meth
o
d
(
R
a
n
ia
Mo
u
tc
h
o
u
)
2195
{
∗
=
′
−
∗
=
′
−
+
∅
(
1
1
)
Fin
ally
,
we
u
s
e
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
PW
M
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
al
to
im
p
lem
e
n
t
th
e
v
ec
to
r
c
o
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
.
PI
PI
PI
P
ul
s
e
W
i
dt
h
M
od
ul
a
t
i
on
Re
c
t
i
fi
e
r
P
W
M
-
+
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
i
s
d
i
s
d*
i
s
q
i
s
q*
ꙍ
m*
ꙍ
m
vs
q
vs
q*
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d
vs
d*
ꙍ
e
L
q
i
s
q
ꙍ
e
L
d i
s
d
ꙍ
e
Φ
f
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l m
eth
o
d
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
ter
4.
CO
NT
RO
L
O
F
G
RID
SI
D
E
CO
NVER
T
E
R
U
SI
NG
P
L
L
Fo
r
th
e
g
r
id
-
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
ter
,
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
its
co
n
tr
o
l
is
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
eliab
le
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
,
to
r
eg
u
late
th
e
in
t
er
m
ed
iate
cir
cu
it
v
o
ltag
e
to
a
p
r
ed
ef
in
e
d
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
v
alu
e
an
d
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
u
n
it
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
[
2
]
,
b
y
f
o
llo
win
g
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
et
o
f
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
a
n
d
h
a
r
m
o
n
ic
lev
els.
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
k
ee
p
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
DC
lin
k
co
n
s
tan
t,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
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e
r
eq
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ir
es
in
ter
n
al
l
o
o
p
s
w
h
ich
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
tly
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
i
d
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d
i
q
cu
r
r
en
ts
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
,
th
e
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
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r
esp
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tiv
ely
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y
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o
u
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lin
g
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n
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s
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ch
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o
n
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s
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r
ef
e
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ce
f
r
a
m
e.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
PI
co
n
t
r
o
l
l
o
o
p
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
[
4
2
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
ex
ter
n
al
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
o
p
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
DC
v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
a
n
d
an
ticip
atio
n
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
f
i
r
s
t
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
in
to
a
d
q
f
r
am
e
an
d
th
en
p
r
o
c
ess
ed
b
y
co
m
p
en
s
ato
r
s
to
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
als.
T
h
ese
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
in
to
an
a
b
c
f
r
am
e
an
d
s
en
t
to
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
id
e
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
[
4
3
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
g
r
id
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
tr
o
l m
eth
o
d
.
E
f
f
icien
t
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
e
r
b
et
wee
n
th
e
g
r
id
an
d
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
e
d
b
y
th
e
ef
f
icien
t
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
m
et
h
o
d
s
u
s
ed
s
o
f
ar
,
ze
r
o
cr
o
s
s
in
g
m
eth
o
d
,
g
r
i
d
v
o
ltag
e
f
ilter
in
g
an
d
f
in
ally
p
h
ase
lo
ck
e
d
lo
o
p
(
PLL
)
m
eth
o
d
[
4
4
]
.
T
h
e
c
r
iter
io
n
f
o
r
ch
o
o
s
in
g
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
m
eth
o
d
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
b
est
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
n
etw
o
r
k
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le
n
o
tch
es,
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
an
d
v
o
lt
ag
e
d
r
o
p
s
[
4
5
]
.
T
h
e
PLL
is
u
s
ed
to
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
ize
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
a
g
iv
en
r
ef
er
en
ce
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
al.
A
p
h
ase
d
etec
to
r
,
a
lo
o
p
f
ilter
,
an
d
a
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
o
s
cillato
r
(
VC
O)
to
g
eth
er
f
o
r
m
a
b
asic
PLL
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
PLL
p
r
o
v
id
es
t
h
e
i
n
v
er
ter
with
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
an
d
p
h
ase
an
g
le.
T
h
e
g
o
al
is
to
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
ize
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
an
g
le
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
with
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
an
g
le
o
f
th
e
g
r
i
d
in
o
r
d
er
to
o
b
tain
a
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
as
clo
s
e
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
1
.
I
n
F
ig
u
r
e
6
,
th
e
PLL
d
ia
g
r
a
m
is
s
h
o
wn
.
PI
K
P
ul
s
e
W
i
dt
h
M
od
ul
a
t
i
on
In
ve
rt
e
r
P
W
M
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
i
gq
i
gq
*
Q
re
f
Q
vgq
vgq*
ꙍ
g L
f i
gd
PI
PI
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
i
gd
i
gd
*
V
dc
vgd
ꙍ
g
L
f i
gq
vgd
vgd*
vgq
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l m
eth
o
d
o
f
g
r
id
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
ter
+
+
ꙍ
g
-
V
gq
*=
0
V
gq
+
V
s
a
V
s
b
V
s
c
vgd
1
s
θ
a
bc
dq
θ
PI
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
PLL
d
iag
r
am
b
lo
ck
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
2191
–
2
2
0
0
2196
5.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
AND
DIS
CUSS
I
O
NS
T
h
e
m
o
d
els
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
ar
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
i
n
M
AT
L
AB
/
SIM
UL
I
NK
f
o
r
its
s
im
u
latio
n
,
wh
er
e
we
ca
n
s
ee
,
th
e
b
eh
av
i
o
r
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
u
n
d
e
r
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
we
will
test
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
p
r
esen
te
d
in
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
Mo
d
elin
g
th
e
win
d
p
r
o
f
ile
r
eq
u
ir
es
clim
atic
an
d
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ic
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
ite
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
,
as
well
as
th
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
th
e
y
ea
r
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
b
y
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
s
ev
er
al
s
ea
r
ch
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t.
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
th
e
win
d
p
r
o
f
ile
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
B
u
ild
er
s
ig
n
al,
f
o
r
a
win
d
s
p
ee
d
v
ar
ies
b
etwe
en
1
0
m
/
s
an
d
1
4
m
/
s
at
tim
e
2
s
an
d
f
o
r
a
c
h
an
g
e
o
f
s
p
ee
d
at
tim
e
4
s
o
f
1
2
m
/
s
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
7
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws
th
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
f
t
h
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
o
n
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
r
o
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
tu
r
b
in
e
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
ateg
y
tr
ac
k
s
its
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
,
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
MPPT
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
w
ith
a
f
ast r
esp
o
n
s
e,
as we
ll a
s
th
e
el
ec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
wh
ich
h
av
e
th
e
s
am
e
s
h
ap
e
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
lin
ea
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
t
h
at
ex
is
ts
b
etwe
en
th
em
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
p
ar
am
eter
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
lis
ted
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
W
in
d
s
p
ee
d
V
v
(
m
/s
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Sp
ee
d
o
f
r
o
tatio
n
ω
r
(
r
ad
/s
)
an
d
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
c
em
(
N.
m
)
I
t
is
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
th
e
win
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
is
o
p
e
r
atin
g
u
n
d
er
n
o
r
m
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
As
m
en
tio
n
ed
ea
r
lier
,
th
e
win
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
in
jects
its
m
ax
im
u
m
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
av
ailab
le
i
n
to
th
e
g
r
i
d
v
ia
m
ac
h
i
n
e
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
ter
(
MSC
)
an
d
g
r
id
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
ter
(
GSC
)
co
n
v
er
ter
s
,
to
s
tab
ilize
t
h
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
c
ir
cu
it
v
o
ltag
e
wh
e
n
s
u
p
p
ly
in
g
l
o
ca
l lo
ad
s
an
d
ch
ec
k
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
in
th
e
ev
e
n
t o
f
a
f
au
lt.
Fig
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
ws
th
e
in
ter
m
e
d
iate
cir
cu
it
v
o
ltag
e
is
r
eg
u
l
ated
to
its
d
esire
d
an
d
co
n
s
t
an
t
v
alu
e,
ad
ju
s
ted
to
s
ettle
ar
o
u
n
d
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
.
T
h
e
tr
a
n
s
ien
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
o
v
er
s
h
o
o
t
am
p
litu
d
e
with
o
u
t
u
p
d
atin
g
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
T
h
e
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
an
d
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ical
n
etwo
r
k
ar
e
r
esp
ec
t
iv
ely
V
dc
-
ref
=7
5
0
V
an
d
5
0
Hz
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
is
d
ep
icted
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
PW
M
co
m
m
an
d
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
s
10
(
a
)
-
(
b
)
an
d
its
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
ac
c
u
r
atel
y
to
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
v
ar
iatio
n
s
tim
e.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
(
V)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
C
o
n
tr
o
l o
f g
r
id
s
id
e
co
n
ve
r
ter in
w
in
d
p
o
w
er b
a
s
ed
P
MS
G
w
ith
P
LL
meth
o
d
(
R
a
n
ia
Mo
u
tc
h
o
u
)
2197
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
I
n
v
e
r
ter
v
o
ltag
e
v
a
b
c
,
(
a)
b
ef
o
r
e
PW
M
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
(
b
)
a
f
ter
PW
M
co
n
tr
o
l
T
h
e
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
p
h
ase
lo
ck
e
d
lo
o
p
(
PLL
)
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
th
e
s
im
p
lest
way
to
tr
ac
k
th
e
an
g
le
an
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
to
g
e
n
er
ate
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
al
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
t
h
e
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
ter
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
r
u
n
tim
e.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
s
am
e
r
esu
lts
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
o
r
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
s
P
g
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
Q
g
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
1
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
D
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
,
f
o
r
th
e
g
r
id
s
id
e
in
v
e
r
ter
,
Q
gref
is
s
et
t
o
ze
r
o
b
y
co
n
t
r
o
llin
g
th
e
q
-
ax
is
cu
r
r
en
t
to
ze
r
o
an
d
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
u
n
ity
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
p
o
we
r
is
g
en
e
r
a
ted
with
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
eliab
le
im
p
ac
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
o
n
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
f
o
r
f
a
u
lt
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
as
well
a
s
f
o
r
n
o
r
m
a
l
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
t
h
e
f
i
g
u
r
e
,
t
h
e
t
w
o
p
o
w
e
r
s
a
r
e
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
z
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
i
r
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
r
y
s
t
a
t
e
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
i
q
u
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
th
e
g
r
id
-
s
id
e
co
n
v
e
r
ter
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
g
r
id
s
witch
in
g
p
u
ls
e
is
d
is
p
lay
ed
.
I
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
2
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
i
gd
an
d
i
gq
in
jecte
d
in
to
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
ar
e
r
e
p
r
esen
te
d
with
th
eir
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
,
th
is
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
e
s
tab
lis
h
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
d
u
r
in
g
s
im
u
latio
n
,
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
cu
r
r
en
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
i
gq
is
s
et
to
ze
r
o
.
T
h
e
g
r
i
d
s
id
e
co
n
v
er
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
v
e
r
f
ied
.
Fro
m
f
ig
u
r
e
1
3
,
th
e
th
r
ee
p
h
as
e
v
o
ltag
e
V
abc
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
icity
n
etwo
r
k
h
as sm
o
o
th
a
n
d
s
te
ad
y
s
ig
n
als.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
Activ
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p
o
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P
g
a
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p
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Fig
u
r
e
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.
T
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c
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gd
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ref
Fig
u
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1
3
.
T
h
e
v
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r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
0
8
8
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694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
Sy
s
t,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
2191
–
2
2
0
0
2198
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
wo
r
k
,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
t
o
ch
ec
k
th
e
en
e
r
g
y
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
r
eq
u
ested
b
y
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
,
th
e
s
u
p
er
io
r
ity
an
d
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
f
o
llo
w
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
win
d
.
Fo
r
th
is
,
we
m
u
s
t
ca
lcu
late
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
σ
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
o
u
r
win
d
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
P
t
o
f
1
0
KW
wh
ich
was
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
th
e
1
a
n
d
th
at
c
o
m
p
lete
d
b
y
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
P
g
o
f
0
.
5
5
KW
to
s
u
p
p
ly
a
r
ec
eiv
er
o
f
1
0
.
5
5
KW
o
f
p
o
wer
,
wh
i
ch
was e
s
tab
lis
h
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
(
1
2
)
.
=
−
(
1
2
)
I
t
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
th
at
th
e
σ
attain
s
0
.
9
clo
s
e
to
1
an
d
ch
ec
k
th
at
all
o
f
th
e
p
o
wer
r
e
q
u
e
s
ted
b
y
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
is
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
o
u
r
wi
n
d
tu
r
b
in
e.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
e
n
Pre
c
an
d
Pt
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
wh
en
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
h
as r
ea
c
h
ed
its
s
tead
y
s
tate
is
g
iv
en
b
y
(
1
3
)
.
=
−
(
1
3
)
I
t
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
at
t
h
e
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
ε
attain
s
0
.
5
5
wh
ich
is
p
r
ac
ticall
y
n
eg
lig
ib
le,
wh
ich
ju
s
tifie
s
th
e
lo
wer
en
er
g
y
c
o
s
t o
f
th
e
in
s
tallatio
n
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e,
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
.
B
ey
o
n
d
th
at,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
PLL
g
u
ar
a
n
teed
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izati
o
n
,
s
ta
b
ilit
y
an
d
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
t
h
e
s
im
p
licity
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
th
e
g
r
id
s
id
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
h
o
we
d
an
ex
ce
llen
t
f
lo
w
o
f
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
we
r
,
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
n
ee
d
s
a
n
d
n
ec
ess
ities
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
.
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
allo
ws
to
co
n
clu
d
e
t
h
at
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
o
f
t
h
e
v
ar
ia
b
le
s
p
ee
d
wi
n
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
PMSG
d
r
i
v
es
an
d
th
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
.
F
r
o
m
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es,
it
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
e
d
th
at
th
e
M
PP
T
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
ad
ju
s
t
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
t
h
e
tu
r
b
i
n
e
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
win
d
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
ateg
y
is
b
a
s
ed
o
n
v
ec
t
o
r
co
n
tr
o
l
(
VC
)
th
eo
r
y
f
o
r
g
en
er
at
o
r
co
n
v
er
ter
a
n
d
PW
M
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
r
ec
tifie
r
an
d
in
v
er
ter
to
k
ee
p
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
s
tan
t a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l a
ctiv
e
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
i
n
d
ep
e
n
d
en
tly
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
o
p
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
h
as
b
etter
d
y
n
am
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
o
v
er
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
lo
wer
cu
r
r
en
t
d
is
to
r
tio
n
,
h
i
g
h
er
g
r
id
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
,
an
d
h
ig
h
er
o
v
er
all
ef
f
icien
cy
.
A
b
u
ilt
-
in
PLL
f
o
r
th
e
g
r
id
in
t
er
f
a
ce
is
s
im
u
lated
an
d
an
al
y
z
ed
f
o
r
n
o
r
m
al
g
r
id
o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
at
co
n
s
tan
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
.
Usi
n
g
PMSG
with
PLL
g
r
id
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
win
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
s
(
W
E
C
S
)
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies
em
p
lo
y
ed
(
n
o
o
v
er
s
h
o
o
t,
ze
r
o
s
tead
y
s
ta
te
er
r
o
r
an
d
g
o
o
d
tr
ac
k
in
g
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
p
ee
d
)
,
a
n
d
v
er
y
g
o
o
d
d
y
n
am
ic
an
d
s
tead
y
s
tate
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
wo
r
k
in
g
v
e
r
y
well
a
n
d
v
er
y
g
o
o
d
d
y
n
am
ic
an
d
s
tead
y
s
tate
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
wo
r
k
in
g
v
er
y
well
with
th
e
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
ef
f
icien
cy
e
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
9
8
,
7
2
%.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
r
o
g
r
ess
o
f
th
is
ef
f
o
r
t
wo
u
ld
in
clu
d
e
b
u
t
n
o
t
lim
ited
to
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
u
n
d
er
a
co
n
tr
o
l
b
o
ar
d
to
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
ly
v
er
if
y
th
e
s
y
s
tem
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
e
f
f
icien
cy
e
x
am
in
atio
n
in
th
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
g
r
id
d
is
tu
r
b
a
n
ce
s
b
y
c
o
m
p
ar
i
n
g
b
y
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Y.
Xia
,
K.
H.
Ah
m
e
d
a
n
d
B.
W
.
Wi
ll
iam
s,
“
A
Ne
w
M
a
x
im
u
m
P
o
we
r
P
o
in
t
Trac
k
in
g
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
fo
r
P
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
M
a
g
n
e
t
S
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
G
e
n
e
ra
to
r
Ba
se
d
Wi
n
d
E
n
e
rg
y
C
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
S
y
ste
m
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
3
6
0
9
-
3
6
2
0
,
2
0
1
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TP
EL
.
2
0
1
1
.
2
1
6
2
2
5
1
.
[2
]
S
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
K
.
Tse
n
g
,
D.
M
.
Vilath
g
a
m
u
wa
,
T.
D.
Ng
u
y
e
n
a
n
d
X.
W
a
n
g
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
a
Ro
b
u
st
G
rid
I
n
terfa
c
e
S
y
ste
m
fo
r
P
M
S
G
-
Ba
se
d
Wi
n
d
Tu
r
b
in
e
G
e
n
e
r
a
to
rs,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
1
6
-
3
2
8
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
1
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
IE
.
2
0
1
0
.
2
0
4
4
7
3
7
.
[3
]
S
.
Ja
in
,
C
.
Ra
m
u
lu
,
S
.
P
a
d
m
a
n
a
b
a
n
,
J.
O.
Oj
o
,
A.
H.
Ert
a
s,
“
Du
a
l
M
P
P
T
a
l
g
o
rit
h
m
fo
r
d
u
a
l
P
V so
u
r
c
e
fe
d
o
p
e
n
-
e
n
d
win
d
i
n
g
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
t
o
r
d
r
iv
e
f
o
r
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
a
n
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
7
7
1
-
1
7
8
0
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
jes
tch
.
2
0
1
6
.
0
7
.
0
0
8
.
[4
]
V.
Ya
ra
m
a
su
,
B.
Wu
,
P
.
C
.
S
e
n
,
S
.
Ko
u
r
o
a
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[6
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Y.
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2
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0
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2
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d
T.
R.
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[1
3
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J.
Z.
Zh
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,
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Di
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g
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S
.
F
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n
,
Y.
Zh
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[1
4
]
C.
Wei,
Z.
Zh
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n
g
,
W.
Qia
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a
n
d
L.
Qu
,
“
An
Ad
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n
S
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m
s,”
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T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
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Po
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0
.
[1
5
]
Z.
Wa
n
g
,
C.
S
h
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n
a
n
d
F
.
Li
u
,
“
Im
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o
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DFIG
with
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”
IEE
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PE
S
Ge
n
e
ra
l
M
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ti
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g
|
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&
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.
[1
6
]
H.
G
e
n
g
,
J.
S
u
n
,
S
.
Xia
o
a
n
d
G
.
Ya
n
g
,
“
M
o
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e
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n
g
a
n
d
Im
p
lem
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n
tatio
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o
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a
n
All
Di
g
it
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l
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se
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rid
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se
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ti
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n
,
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EE
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ti
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n
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I
n
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6
6
.
[1
7
]
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Do
n
g
,
B.
Wen
,
D.
Bo
r
o
y
e
v
ic
h
,
P
.
M
a
tt
a
v
e
ll
i
a
n
d
Y.
Xu
e
,
“
An
a
ly
sis
o
f
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h
a
se
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Lo
c
k
e
d
L
o
o
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L
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re
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y
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se
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rid
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n
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ted
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e
d
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n
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ti
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n
s,”
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sa
c
ti
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4
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3
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[1
8
]
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.
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i
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D.
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e
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rid
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ly
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h
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se
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ty
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1
3
.
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7
.
[1
9
]
D.
Do
n
g
,
J.
Li
,
D.
Bo
r
o
y
e
v
ich
,
P
.
M
a
tt
a
v
e
ll
i,
I.
Cv
e
t
k
o
v
ic
a
n
d
Y.
Xu
e
,
“
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
a
n
d
i
ts
sta
b
i
li
ty
o
f
g
rid
-
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n
terfa
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e
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o
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rter
in
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ist
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te
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g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
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sy
ste
m
s,”
T
we
n
ty
-
S
e
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e
n
th
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n
u
a
l
IE
EE
A
p
p
li
e
d
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o
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r
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e
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tro
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ics
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fer
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0
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.
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6
6
0
8
0
.
[2
0
]
M
.
S
.
Re
z
a
,
M
.
Cio
b
o
tar
u
a
n
d
V.
G
.
Ag
e
li
d
is,
“
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c
u
ra
te
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m
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ti
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n
o
f
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in
g
le
-
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h
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se
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rid
Vo
lt
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g
e
P
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ra
m
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ters
Un
d
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r
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rted
Co
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it
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s,”
IE
EE
T
ra
n
s
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c
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o
n
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we
r
De
li
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ry
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9
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o
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[2
1
]
Y.
Li
u
,
D.
Ya
n
,
a
n
d
H.
Zh
e
n
g
,
“
S
ig
n
a
l
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Esti
m
a
ti
o
n
Ba
se
d
o
n
Ka
lma
n
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i
lt
e
rin
g
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e
th
o
d
,
”
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e
b
o
f
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
s,
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ter
n
a
ti
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l
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fe
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o
n
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ter
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d
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6
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v
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l
.
5
6
,
p
p
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1
-
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[2
2
]
S
.
G
o
les
tan
,
E.
Eb
ra
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imz
a
d
e
h
,
J.
M
.
G
u
e
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ro
,
J.
C.
Va
sq
u
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z
a
n
d
F
.
Blaa
b
jerg
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A
d
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r
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re
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iza
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i
g
n
a
l
D
e
c
o
m
p
o
siti
o
n
P
u
rp
o
se
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
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d
u
stria
l
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e
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9
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.
[2
3
]
J.
S
trze
lec
k
ian
d
,
a
n
d
S
.
Re
n
,
“
Ne
a
r
-
z
e
ro
d
e
a
d
z
o
n
e
p
h
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se
fre
q
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e
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c
y
d
e
tec
to
r
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h
wid
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fre
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e
n
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y
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iffere
n
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e
,
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e
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e
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rs
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l.
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1
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p
.
1
0
5
9
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0
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1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
4
]
P
.
N.
M
e
tan
g
e
,
K.
B.
K
h
a
n
c
h
a
n
d
a
n
i
,
“
An
a
ly
s
is
a
n
d
d
e
sig
n
o
f
h
ig
h
p
e
rf
o
rm
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n
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e
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se
fre
q
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e
n
c
y
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e
tec
to
r,
c
h
a
rg
e
p
u
m
p
a
n
d
lo
o
p
f
il
ter
c
ir
c
u
it
s
fo
r
p
h
a
se
l
o
c
k
e
d
l
o
o
p
i
n
wire
les
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
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m
p
u
ter
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c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
4
,
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p
.
3
9
7
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4
0
5
,
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
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1
1
5
9
1
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c
s.v
4
.
i2
.
p
p
3
9
7
-
4
0
5
.
[2
5
]
N.
Ja
a
lam
,
N.
A.
Ra
h
im,
A.
H.
A.
Ba
k
a
r,
C
.
Tan
,
a
n
d
A.
M
.
A.
Ha
id
a
r,
“
A
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
re
v
iew
o
f
sy
n
c
h
r
o
n
iza
ti
o
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
fo
r
g
r
id
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
c
o
n
v
e
rters
o
f
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
l
e
En
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l.
5
9
,
p
p
.
1
4
7
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4
8
1
,
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0
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o
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0
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0
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6
/
j.
rse
r.
2
0
1
6
.
0
1
.
0
6
6
.
[2
6
]
H.
Xin
,
L.
Hu
a
n
g
,
L
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
Z
.
Wan
g
a
n
d
J
.
Hu
,
“
S
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
In
sta
b
il
it
y
M
e
c
h
a
n
ism
o
f
P
-
f
Dr
o
o
p
-
Co
n
tro
ll
e
d
Vo
lt
a
g
e
S
o
u
rc
e
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n
v
e
rter
Ca
u
se
d
b
y
C
u
rre
n
t
S
a
tu
ra
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
P
o
we
r
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y
ste
ms
,
v
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l.
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1
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n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
5
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o
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:
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0
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.
2
0
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6
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5
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5
.
[2
7
]
W.
Du
,
X.
Ch
e
n
a
n
d
H.
Wan
g
,
“
P
LL
-
In
d
u
c
e
d
M
o
d
a
l
Re
so
n
a
n
c
e
o
f
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rid
-
Co
n
n
e
c
ted
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M
S
G
s
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h
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o
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y
ste
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tro
m
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
Os
c
il
l
a
ti
o
n
M
o
d
e
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
le
E
n
e
rg
y
,
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l
.
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o
.
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2
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.
[2
8
]
Ö.
G
ö
k
su
,
R.
Teo
d
o
re
sc
u
,
C
.
L.
Ba
k
,
F
.
I
o
v
a
n
d
P
.
C.
Kjær,
“
I
n
sta
b
il
it
y
o
f
Wi
n
d
T
u
rb
i
n
e
Co
n
v
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rin
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t
In
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to
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lt
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g
e
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rid
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a
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lt
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a
n
d
P
LL
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Ba
se
d
S
tab
il
it
y
S
o
lu
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
Po
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r S
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2
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5
2
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.
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I
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0
8
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694
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
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Sy
s
t,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
1
:
2191
–
2
2
0
0
2200
[2
9
]
J.
M
o
ra
t
ó
,
T.
Kn
ü
p
p
e
l
a
n
d
J.
Øs
terg
a
a
rd
,
“
Re
sid
u
e
-
Ba
se
d
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
Us
e
o
f
Wi
n
d
P
o
we
r
P
lan
ts
wit
h
F
u
ll
Co
n
v
e
rter
Wi
n
d
Tu
r
b
in
e
s
f
o
r
P
o
we
r
Os
c
il
latio
n
Da
m
p
i
n
g
Co
n
tro
l
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
le
E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
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l.
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
2
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8
9
,
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4
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S
TE
.
2
0
1
3
.
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2
7
3
2
3
2
.
[3
0
]
O.
Krie
v
s
,
a
n
d
I.
S
teik
s,
“
A
P
L
L
S
c
h
e
m
e
fo
r
S
y
n
c
h
ro
n
iza
ti
o
n
with
G
rid
Vo
lt
a
g
e
P
h
a
so
r
in
Ac
t
iv
e
P
o
we
r
F
il
ter
S
y
ste
m
s,”
El
e
c
trica
l,
Co
n
tro
l
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
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l
.
2
7
,
p
p
.
1
3
3
-
13
6
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
1
]
B.
Wen
,
D.
Do
n
g
,
D.
Bo
r
o
y
e
v
i
c
h
,
R.
Bu
rg
o
s,
P
.
M
a
tt
a
v
e
ll
i
a
n
d
Z.
S
h
e
n
,
“
Im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
-
Ba
se
d
An
a
ly
sis
o
f
G
rid
-
S
y
n
c
h
ro
n
iza
ti
o
n
S
tab
i
li
ty
fo
r
T
h
r
e
e
-
P
h
a
se
P
a
ra
ll
e
led
Co
n
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r
E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
3
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
6
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8
,
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6
,
d
o
i:
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0
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9
/
TP
EL
.
2
0
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5
.
2
4
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9
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1
2
.
[3
2
]
T.
Tam
il
a
ra
si
a
n
d
M
.
K.
El
a
n
g
o
,
“
An
a
ly
sis
o
f
imp
a
c
t
o
n
r
o
to
r
a
n
g
le
sta
b
i
li
ty
o
f
DFIG
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
s
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
S
TATCOM
,
”
3
r
d
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
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n
fer
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n
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n
A
d
v
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n
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d
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
a
n
d
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o
mm
u
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S
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ste
ms
ICACCS
,
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/ICAC
CS
.
2
0
1
6
.
7
5
8
6
3
9
2
.
[3
3
]
S
.
Tri
p
a
t
h
i,
A.
Ti
wa
ri,
a
n
d
D.
S
in
g
h
,
“
G
rid
In
teg
ra
ted
P
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
M
a
g
n
e
t
S
y
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
G
e
n
e
ra
t
o
r
Ba
se
d
Wi
n
d
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rsi
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s:
A
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Re
v
iew
,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
l
e
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
le
E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
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l.
5
1
,
p
p
.
1
2
8
8
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1
3
0
5
,
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
r
se
r.
2
0
1
5
.
0
6
.
0
6
0
.
[3
4
]
H.
Zh
a
n
g
,
X.
Wan
g
,
Y.
Ho
u
,
J.
Wan
a
n
d
J.
Qi,
“
Op
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
stra
teg
ies
o
f
win
d
p
o
we
r
in
Wes
t
In
n
e
r
M
o
n
g
o
l
ia
P
o
we
r
G
rid
,
”
IEE
E
Po
we
r
a
n
d
E
n
e
rg
y
S
o
c
ie
ty
Ge
n
e
ra
l
M
e
e
ti
n
g
,
2
0
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
P
ES
G
M
.
2
0
1
2
.
6
3
4
4
8
3
3
.
[3
5
]
R.
M
o
u
tch
o
u
,
a
n
d
A.
Ab
b
o
u
,
“
M
P
P
T
a
n
d
P
it
c
h
An
g
le
C
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
a
P
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
M
a
g
n
e
t
S
y
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
G
e
n
e
ra
to
r
b
a
se
d
Wi
n
d
Emu
lat
o
r
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
I
n
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
Exp
l
o
rin
g
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
IJ
IT
EE
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
3
8
3
-
3
9
0
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
5
2
2
0
/
0
0
0
9
7
7
4
5
0
3
8
3
0
3
9
0
.
[3
6
]
M
.
A.
Ab
d
u
ll
a
h
,
A.
H.
M
.
Ya
ti
m
a
n
d
Ch
e
e
Wei
Tan
,
“
A
stu
d
y
o
f
m
a
x
imu
m
p
o
we
r
p
o
i
n
t
trac
k
i
n
g
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
s
fo
r
win
d
e
n
e
rg
y
sy
ste
m
,
”
IEE
E
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Clea
n
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
C
ET
,
2
0
1
1
,
p
p
.
3
2
1
-
3
2
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/C
ET
.
2
0
1
1
.
6
0
4
1
4
8
4
.
[3
7
]
Z.
Li
u
,
G
.
Li
,
Y.
Din
g
,
a
n
d
C.
Li
u
,
“
Tran
sie
n
t
sta
b
il
i
ty
st
u
d
ies
o
f
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
with
sh
a
re
d
tran
s
m
issio
n
o
f
win
d
p
o
we
r
a
n
d
th
e
rm
a
l
p
o
we
r,
”
2
n
d
IE
T
Re
n
e
wa
b
le
Po
we
r
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
RP
G
.
P
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/cp
.
2
0
1
3
.
1
7
5
5
[3
8
]
F
.
Ka
m
a
l
a
n
d
B.
Ch
o
w
d
h
u
ry
,
“
I
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
in
teg
ra
ti
n
g
DFIG
a
n
d
d
i
re
c
t
d
riv
e
sy
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
wi
n
d
t
u
rb
i
n
e
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
o
n
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
sta
b
i
li
ty
,
”
No
rth
Ame
ric
a
n
P
o
we
r
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
NA
PS
,
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/NAP
S
.
2
0
1
7
.
8
1
0
7
3
8
9
.
[3
9
]
J.
Ya
n
,
H.
Li
n
,
Y.
F
e
n
g
,
a
n
d
Z
.
Q
.
Zh
u
,
“
Co
n
tro
l
o
f
a
g
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
d
irec
t
-
d
riv
e
wi
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
s
y
ste
m
,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
6
6
,
p
p
.
3
7
1
-
3
8
0
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
re
n
e
n
e
.
2
0
1
3
.
1
2
.
0
3
7
.
[4
0
]
F
.
Ha
ss
a
n
z
a
d
e
h
,
A.
Ha
ji
z
a
d
e
h
,
a
n
d
F
.
Ab
b
a
si,
“
S
tab
il
i
ty
a
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
a
l
sta
te
fe
e
d
b
a
c
k
c
o
n
t
ro
l
o
f
b
a
c
k
-
to
-
b
a
c
k
c
o
n
v
e
rter,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
I
n
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
s i
n
Ren
e
w
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
3
9
-
1
4
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[4
1
]
S
.
Rh
a
il
i,
A.
Ab
b
o
u
,
S
.
M
a
rh
ra
o
u
i,
N.
E
l
Hic
h
a
m
i
a
n
d
A.
V.
He
m
e
y
in
e
,
“
Ro
b
u
stn
e
ss
in
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Ve
c
to
r
Co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
F
i
v
e
-
p
h
a
se
P
M
S
G
b
a
se
d
Va
riab
le
-
S
p
e
e
d
Wi
n
d
T
u
rb
in
e
u
n
d
e
r
fa
u
lt
y
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
,
”
Ren
e
w
a
b
le
E
n
e
rg
ies
,
Po
we
r S
y
ste
ms
&
Gr
e
e
n
In
c
lu
siv
e
Eco
n
o
my
RE
PS
-
GIE
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/R
EP
S
G
IE.
2
0
1
8
.
8
4
8
8
8
0
9
.
[4
2
]
M
.
Bo
u
d
e
rb
a
la,
B.
Bo
ss
o
u
fi
,
A.
Lag
rio
u
i,
M
.
Tao
u
ss
i,
H.
A
.
Aro
u
ss
i,
a
n
d
Y.
I
h
e
d
ra
n
e
,
“
Dire
c
t
a
n
d
in
d
irec
t
v
e
c
to
r
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
a
d
o
u
b
ly
fe
d
i
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
g
e
n
e
ra
t
o
r
b
a
se
d
i
n
a
wi
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
v
e
rsi
o
n
s
y
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
IJ
ECE
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
5
3
1
-
1
5
4
0
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
jec
e
.
v
9
i
3
.
p
p
1
5
3
1
-
1
5
4
0
.
[4
3
]
O.
A.
M
e
j
ía,
R.
T.
Olv
e
ra
a
n
d
J.
M
.
S
.
S
o
lo
ri
o
,
“
W
in
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
P
M
S
G
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
b
y
B
-
sp
li
n
e
n
e
two
rk
,
”
IEE
E
PE
S
T
&
D Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Ex
p
o
siti
o
n
,
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
DC.
2
0
1
4
.
6
8
6
3
4
3
5
.
[4
4
]
H.
Ath
a
ri,
M
.
Nir
o
o
m
a
n
d
,
a
n
d
M
.
Ata
e
i,
“
Re
v
iew
a
n
d
c
las
sifica
ti
o
n
o
f
c
o
n
tro
l
sy
ste
m
s
i
n
g
ri
d
-
ti
e
d
i
n
v
e
rters
”
,
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Rev
iews
,
v
o
l
.
7
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
6
7
-
1
1
7
6
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
rse
r.
2
0
1
6
.
1
0
.
0
3
0
.
[4
5
]
S
.
He
ier,
“
G
rid
In
teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
W
i
n
d
E
n
e
rg
y
:
On
s
h
o
re
a
n
d
Offs
h
o
re
Co
n
v
e
rsio
n
S
y
ste
m
s,
”
3
r
d
E
d
it
i
o
n
2
0
1
4
.
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