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n
u
o
u
s
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
d
e
(
DC
M)
w
a
s
s
tu
d
ied
in
d
etails
a
n
d
s
o
m
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
p
er
d
esig
n
o
f
DC
/DC
SMP
C
w
er
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t
s
u
f
f
icie
n
tl
y
u
s
e
f
u
l
t
o
g
et
lo
w
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
s
tag
e
p
ea
k
cu
r
r
en
t
s
,
esp
ec
iall
y
f
o
r
s
w
i
tch
in
g
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
-
m
o
d
u
lated
SMP
C
o
p
er
atin
g
i
n
D
C
M.
T
h
is
is
w
h
y
i
n
th
is
p
ap
er
a
n
o
v
el
co
n
tr
o
l
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
p
o
w
er
s
tag
e
p
ea
k
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
in
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
-
m
o
d
u
la
ted
SMP
C
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
b
a
s
ed
o
n
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
in
w
h
ic
h
b
o
th
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
an
d
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
ar
e
m
o
d
u
lated
b
y
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
i
g
n
al.
A
lo
n
g
w
it
h
ap
p
r
ec
iab
le
co
n
d
u
cted
E
MI
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
,
th
e
tech
n
i
q
u
e
also
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
s
tag
e
p
ea
k
c
u
r
r
en
ts
in
cr
ea
s
ed
d
u
e
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
S
FM.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
s
h
o
w
u
s
e
f
u
ln
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
a
s
i
m
p
le
an
alo
g
c
ir
cu
it
b
a
s
ed
o
n
an
alo
g
m
u
lt
ip
lier
w
ill
also
b
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
an
al
y
ze
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
b
o
th
cl
ass
ical
s
i
n
g
le
-
s
w
i
tch
n
o
n
-
is
o
l
ated
(
e.
g
.
b
u
ck
,
b
o
o
s
t,
b
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t)
an
d
is
o
lated
(
e.
g
.
f
l
y
b
ac
k
,
f
o
r
w
ar
d
)
SMP
C
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
o
p
er
atin
g
i
n
DC
M.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
is
n
o
t
s
u
ita
b
le
f
o
r
SMP
C
o
p
er
atin
g
in
C
C
M,
b
ec
au
s
e
i
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e
v
ar
i
atio
n
s
o
f
d
u
t
y
r
atio
ca
n
lead
to
lar
g
e
lo
w
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
ip
p
les in
SMP
C
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lt
ag
e.
T
h
e
p
a
p
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
ll
o
w
s
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
2
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
u
la
ti
o
n
s
ch
e
m
e
o
n
DC
M
b
o
o
s
t
DC
/
DC
SMP
C
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
p
o
w
er
s
tag
e
p
ea
k
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
w
i
ll
b
e
s
tu
d
ied
an
al
y
ticall
y
a
n
d
b
y
co
m
p
u
ter
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
s
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
3
t
h
o
r
o
u
g
h
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
v
er
if
icat
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
w
ill b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
.
Fin
all
y
,
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
a
r
e
g
iv
e
n
in
Sectio
n
4
.
2.
T
H
E
O
R
E
T
I
CA
L
ANA
L
YS
I
S O
F
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CO
NT
RO
L
T
E
CH
NI
Q
U
E
B
ased
o
n
th
e
an
al
y
s
is
p
r
ese
n
t
ed
in
o
u
r
p
ap
er
s
[
1
5
]
–
[
1
7
]
a
n
d
af
ter
an
al
y
zi
n
g
ex
p
r
es
s
io
n
s
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
r
ip
p
le
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
r
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
w
itc
h
in
g
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
-
m
o
d
u
late
d
s
in
g
le
-
s
w
itc
h
SMP
C
(
e.
g
.
b
u
ck
,
b
o
o
s
t,
b
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t,
f
o
r
w
ar
d
an
d
f
l
y
b
ac
k
)
o
p
er
atin
g
i
n
DC
M
it
ca
n
b
e
s
h
o
w
n
th
a
t
g
e
n
er
al
ex
p
r
es
s
i
o
n
o
f
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
w
h
en
SF
M
i
s
en
ab
led
is
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
=
{
(
)
+
(
)
}
−
{
(
)
−
(
)
}
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
(
)
is
lo
w
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
(
L
F)
r
ip
p
le
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
SF
M
;
(
)
is
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
HF)
r
ip
p
le
en
v
elo
p
e.
T
h
e
L
F
r
ip
p
les
in
DC
M
ar
e
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
a
v
er
ag
ed
in
d
u
cto
r
,
d
io
d
e
an
d
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
w
itc
h
cu
r
r
en
t
s
ar
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
-
d
ep
en
d
an
t
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
en
v
elo
p
e
o
f
HF
r
ip
p
le
in
u
n
m
o
d
u
lated
SMP
C
is
co
n
s
ta
n
t,
b
u
t i
n
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
-
m
o
d
u
lated
SMP
C
it
is
v
ar
iab
le
(
b
ec
au
s
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
ch
a
n
g
es i
n
ti
m
e)
.
B
o
th
(
)
an
d
(
)
ar
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
i
n
s
tan
ta
n
eo
u
s
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
)
an
d
in
s
ta
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
d
u
t
y
r
at
io
(
)
:
v
_
L
F (
t)
=ψ_
1
[
d
(
t)
,
f
_
s
w
(
t)
]
(
2
)
(
)
=
2
[
(
)
,
(
)
]
,
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
(
)
=
+
̃
(
)
,
(
4
)
(
)
=
0
+
∆
(
)
,
(
5
)
w
h
er
e
D
i
s
a
v
er
ag
e
d
u
t
y
r
at
io
;
̃
(
)
is
v
ar
iab
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
d
u
t
y
r
atio
;
∆
is
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
ev
iatio
n
;
(
)
is
m
o
d
u
latio
n
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
w
it
h
u
n
itar
y
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e;
0
is
ce
n
tr
al
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
No
te
f
u
r
t
h
er
in
t
h
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
i
t
w
ill b
e
ass
u
m
ed
th
a
t
(
)
is
p
er
io
d
ic
an
d
is
m
o
d
u
latio
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
Fo
r
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
lo
w
er
th
a
n
o
p
en
lo
o
p
g
ain
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
)
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
ch
an
g
e
s
d
u
t
y
r
atio
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
t
o
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
L
F
r
ip
p
le.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
s
i
m
p
li
f
y
o
u
r
a
n
al
y
s
is
let’
s
ass
u
m
e
t
h
at
>
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e
(
)
is
al
m
o
s
t c
o
n
s
tan
t a
n
d
eq
u
al
s
D
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1
2
7
2
–
1
2
8
4
1274
Fo
r
q
u
i
te
lar
g
e
∆
,
an
d
m
a
g
n
e
t
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
p
ea
k
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
i
n
DC
M
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
u
n
m
o
d
u
lated
ca
s
e
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e
it
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
r
ed
u
ce
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
p
ea
k
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
d
u
e
to
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
w
ar
d
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
SF
M.
No
w
w
e
ar
e
g
o
in
g
to
s
h
o
w
s
o
m
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
an
al
y
s
i
s
in
o
r
d
er
f
o
r
a
r
ea
d
er
to
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
id
ea
.
A
s
s
u
m
i
n
g
th
at
>
,
(
2
)
an
d
(
3
)
ca
n
b
e
o
v
er
w
r
itten
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
:
(
)
=
1
[
+
(
)
,
(
)
]
(
6
)
(
)
=
2
[
+
(
)
,
(
)
]
(
7
)
w
h
er
e
(
)
is
ti
m
e
-
d
ep
en
d
an
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
d
u
t
y
r
atio
w
h
ic
h
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
g
e
n
er
ated
an
d
in
t
r
o
d
u
ce
d
in
to
a
n
o
n
-
i
n
v
er
ti
n
g
in
p
u
t o
f
t
h
e
co
n
t
r
o
l b
lo
ck
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
s
o
th
at
V_
FMp
p
=V
_
p
p
(
8
)
w
h
er
e
is
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
o
u
tp
u
t
r
ip
p
le
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
u
n
m
o
d
u
lat
ed
(
w
ith
o
u
t
SF
M)
SMP
C
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
d
er
iv
e
(
)
,
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
f
o
r
(
)
an
d
(
)
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
k
n
o
w
n
an
d
eq
u
a
tio
n
(
8
)
w
i
th
r
e
s
p
ec
t
to
(
)
th
e
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
.
Fo
r
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies
u
p
to
s
ev
er
al
h
u
n
d
r
ed
s
o
f
k
Hz
elec
tr
o
l
y
tic
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
ar
e
o
f
ten
u
s
ed
at
o
u
tp
u
ts
o
f
S
MP
C
.
Si
n
ce
f
o
r
elec
tr
o
l
y
tic
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
at
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
>
5
0
k
Hz
u
s
u
all
y
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
s
er
ies
r
esis
ta
n
ce
(
E
SR
)
i
s
m
u
c
h
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
ca
p
ac
iti
v
e
r
ea
ctan
ce
,
th
e
n
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
i
m
p
l
if
y
o
u
r
an
al
y
s
i
s
it
w
il
l
b
e
ass
u
m
ed
t
h
at
HF r
ip
p
les ar
e
d
u
e
to
th
e
E
S
R
o
n
l
y
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
v
ed
t
h
at
f
o
r
s
in
g
le
-
s
w
itch
SMP
C
(
e.
g
.
b
u
c
k
,
b
o
o
s
t,
b
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t,
f
o
r
w
ar
d
an
d
f
l
y
b
ac
k
)
w
it
h
t
y
p
ical
o
u
tp
u
t e
lectr
o
l
y
ti
c
ca
p
ac
ito
r
g
en
er
al
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
HF r
ip
p
le
is
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
(
)
=
(
)
2
(
)
(
9
)
w
h
er
e
K
is
SMP
C
-
to
p
o
lo
g
y
-
d
ep
en
d
an
t c
o
ef
f
icie
n
t,
w
h
ich
e.
g
.
f
o
r
b
o
o
s
t SMP
C
is
as f
o
llo
w
s
[
1
7
]
:
=
(
1
0
)
w
h
er
e
is
i
n
p
u
t
D
C
v
o
lta
g
e;
L
is
th
e
p
o
w
er
in
d
u
cto
r
’
s
i
n
d
u
ct
an
ce
;
is
E
SR
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t c
ap
ac
ito
r
.
Gen
er
al
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
L
F
r
ip
p
le
(
)
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
af
ter
d
er
iv
in
g
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
f
o
r
A
C
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
av
er
a
g
ed
cu
r
r
en
t
(
<
>
)
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
ap
p
ly
in
g
t
h
e
L
ap
lace
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
a
n
d
d
er
iv
in
g
ex
p
r
es
s
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
L
F
r
ip
p
le
in
s
-
d
o
m
ai
n
[
1
7
]
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
(
)
=
̃
(
)
(
)
1
+
(
)
(
1
1
)
w
h
er
e
(
)
is
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
to
i
e
tr
an
s
f
er
r
atio
(
in
ca
s
e
o
f
b
o
o
s
t
SMP
C
,
it
is
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
to
d
io
d
e
cu
r
r
en
t tr
an
s
f
er
r
atio
)
;
T
(
s
)
is
o
p
en
lo
o
p
g
ain
;
̃
(
)
is
A
C
co
m
p
o
n
en
t o
f
<
>
in
s
-
d
o
m
a
in
.
I
n
g
en
er
al
ca
s
e:
<
>
=
(
(
)
)
2
(
)
(
1
2
)
w
h
er
e
F
f
o
r
e.
g
.
b
o
o
s
t SMP
C
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
7
]
is
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
=
2
2
(
−
)
(
1
3
)
I
n
ti
m
e
d
o
m
a
in
t
h
e
L
F r
ip
p
le
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
in
v
er
s
e
L
ap
lace
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
o
f
(
1
1
)
.
Desp
ite
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
o
p
ti
m
u
m
(
)
f
o
r
w
h
ic
h
is
m
in
i
m
u
m
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
b
y
s
o
lv
in
g
eq
u
atio
n
(
8
)
an
d
u
s
in
g
(
1
)
,
(
9
)
an
d
(
1
1
)
,
th
is
i
s
,
f
ir
s
tl
y
,
v
er
y
co
m
p
lic
a
ted
task
,
an
d
s
ec
o
n
d
l
y
,
it
w
o
u
ld
b
e
v
er
y
d
i
f
f
icu
lt
to
g
en
er
ate
s
u
c
h
a
co
m
p
lex
(
)
in
p
r
ac
tice.
T
h
is
is
w
h
y
w
e
ar
e
to
d
e
r
iv
e
s
i
m
p
le
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ate
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
Hyb
r
id
-
M
o
d
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la
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B
a
s
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C
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o
l
T
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h
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e
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ctio
n
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O
u
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t
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Den
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1275
(
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,
w
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h
i
g
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ed
u
ctio
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o
f
in
cr
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s
ed
d
u
e
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
SF
M.
W
e
ca
n
f
i
n
d
th
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
te
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
b
y
s
o
l
v
in
g
t
w
o
eq
u
atio
n
s
s
ep
ar
atel
y
:
o
n
e
f
o
r
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
d
u
ty
r
atio
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
1
(
)
to
g
et
m
in
i
m
u
m
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
HF
r
ip
p
le
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
an
o
t
h
er
f
o
r
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
d
u
t
y
r
at
io
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
2
(
)
to
g
et
ze
r
o
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
L
F
r
ip
p
le
v
o
ltag
e.
T
o
g
et
m
in
i
m
u
m
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
H
F
r
ip
p
le
v
o
ltag
e
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
:
+
1
(
)
2
(
0
+
∆
(
)
)
=
(
)
(
1
4
)
w
h
er
e
(
)
is
en
v
elo
p
e
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le
f
o
r
u
n
m
o
d
u
lated
SMP
C
:
(
)
=
2
0
(
1
5
)
Af
ter
s
o
l
v
in
g
(
1
4
)
,
1
(
)
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
:
1
(
)
=
1
(
)
,
(
1
6
)
w
h
er
e
1
=
∆
/
0
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
f
in
d
2
(
)
to
g
et
ze
r
o
L
F r
ip
p
les,
<
>
o
f
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
-
m
o
d
u
la
ted
SMP
C
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
s
tan
t a
n
d
eq
u
al
to
<
>
f
o
r
SMP
C
w
it
h
o
u
t SFM
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
(
+
2
(
)
)
2
0
+
∆
(
)
=
2
0
(
1
7
)
Fro
m
t
h
is
f
o
llo
w
s
t
h
at
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
et
ze
r
o
L
F
r
ip
p
le,
2
(
)
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
eq
u
al
to
2
(
)
,
w
h
er
e
2
=
∆
/
(
2
0
)
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
v
ed
also
th
at
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
p
ea
k
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
o
f
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
-
m
o
d
u
lated
S
MP
C
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
i
ev
ed
if
(
)
eq
u
als
1
(
)
,
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
p
ea
k
c
u
r
r
en
t
f
o
r
u
n
m
o
d
u
lated
S
MP
C
is
eq
u
al
to
/
0
(
w
h
er
e
=
/
f
o
r
b
o
o
s
t SM
P
C
)
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
an
al
y
s
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
ab
o
v
e
s
o
m
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
ca
n
b
e
d
r
a
w
n
.
P
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
p
ea
k
cu
r
r
en
t
s
o
f
p
o
w
er
m
ag
n
etic
a
n
d
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
d
d
u
e
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
SF
M
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
w
h
en
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
an
d
d
u
t
y
r
atio
ar
e
m
o
d
u
lated
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
b
y
th
e
s
a
m
e
p
er
io
d
ic
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
i
g
n
al
m
(
t
)
,
b
ec
au
s
e
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ate
(
)
eq
u
als
(
)
.
Op
ti
m
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
A
i
s
s
o
m
e
w
h
er
e
b
et
w
ee
n
A
1
a
n
d
A
2
.
T
h
is
v
al
u
e
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
la
ted
b
y
f
i
n
d
in
g
m
in
i
m
u
m
o
f
(
1
)
an
al
y
ticall
y
,
n
u
m
er
icall
y
o
r
u
s
in
g
co
m
p
u
ter
-
s
i
m
u
latio
n
-
b
a
s
e
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
I
f
th
e
latter
is
u
s
ed
t
h
en
it
i
s
n
ec
e
s
s
a
r
y
to
m
ak
e
m
an
y
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
v
al
u
es
o
f
A
in
r
an
g
e
b
et
w
ee
n
A
2
an
d
A
1
to
f
in
d
o
p
tim
u
m
A
.
I
f
t
h
e
L
F
r
ip
p
les
ar
e
m
u
c
h
lo
w
er
t
h
an
th
e
HF
r
ip
p
les,
o
p
ti
m
u
m
A
is
eq
u
al
to
∆
/
0
.
I
f
th
e
L
F
r
ip
p
les
ar
e
m
u
ch
h
ig
h
er
t
h
a
n
th
e
H
F
r
ip
p
les,
o
p
ti
m
u
m
A
i
s
eq
u
al
to
∆
/
(
2
0
)
.
No
te
th
at
th
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
ar
e
v
al
id
o
n
l
y
w
h
e
n
>
.
X
A
+
-
+
-
V
r
e
f
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
o
r
m
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t
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g
e
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e
r
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t
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r
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M
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T
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C
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r
r
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r
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r
A
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D
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(
t
)
A
V
m
D
m
(
t
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
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1
8
:
1
2
7
2
–
1
2
8
4
1276
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
S
w
i
tch
i
n
g
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
-
m
o
d
u
lated
SMP
C
co
n
tr
o
l b
lo
ck
w
it
h
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
u
latio
n
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
a
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
-
m
o
d
u
lated
SMP
C
co
n
tr
o
l
b
lo
ck
w
it
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ased
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t SMP
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o
d
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ased
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t
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a
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(
b
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(
c
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Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Si
m
u
lated
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
l
tag
e
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
b
o
o
s
t SMP
C
in
D
C
M:
(
a)
f
o
r
b
o
o
s
t SMP
C
w
it
h
o
u
t S
FM;
(
b
)
f
o
r
b
o
o
s
t SMP
C
w
it
h
SF
M
o
n
l
y
; (
c)
f
o
r
b
o
o
s
t
SMP
C
w
it
h
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
u
latio
n
0
.
1
8
8
0
.
1
8
8
1
0
.
1
8
8
2
0
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1
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8
3
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i
m
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(
s
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0
0
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5
1
1
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5
2
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(
L
1
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7
9
0
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8
0
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8
1
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2
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8
8
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9
2
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6
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5
1
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I
(
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L
(
A
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L
(
A
)
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L
(
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)
(
a)
(
b
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c)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Si
m
u
lated
in
d
u
cto
r
cu
r
r
en
t
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
s
o
f
b
o
o
s
t SM
P
C
in
DC
M:
(
a)
f
o
r
b
o
o
s
t SM
P
C
w
it
h
o
u
t
SF
M;
(
b
)
f
o
r
b
o
o
s
t SMP
C
w
it
h
SF
M
o
n
l
y
;
(
c)
f
o
r
b
o
o
s
t
SMP
C
w
it
h
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
u
latio
n
200
400
600
800
1000
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e
q
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(
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H
z)
0
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1
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0
.
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0
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2
5
0
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3
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(
L
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m
p
l
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t
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(
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a)
200
400
600
800
1000
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e
q
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e
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(
K
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z)
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1
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1
5
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.
2
0
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2
5
0
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3
I
(
L
1
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a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
(
A
)
(
b
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200
400
600
800
1000
F
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q
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(
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0
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3
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m
p
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t
u
d
e
(
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(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Si
m
u
lated
in
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
b
o
o
s
t SMP
C
in
DC
M:
(
a)
f
o
r
b
o
o
s
t SMP
C
w
it
h
o
u
t S
FM; (
b
)
f
o
r
b
o
o
s
t SMP
C
w
it
h
SF
M
o
n
l
y
;
(
c)
f
o
r
b
o
o
s
t SMP
C
w
ith
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l te
ch
n
iq
u
e
b
ase
d
o
n
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1
2
7
2
–
1
2
8
4
1278
m
o
d
u
latio
n
T
ab
le
1
.
C
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m
p
ar
is
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n
o
f
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
(
f
m
=1
0
k
Hz,
f
sw
0
=1
0
0
k
Hz,
Δ
f
sw
=3
0
k
Hz;
m(
t
)
is
s
in
e;
V
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