I
nte
rna
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l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
o
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er
E
lect
ro
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a
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Driv
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s
t
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s
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I
J
P
E
DS
)
Vo
l.
1
2
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
te
m
b
er
202
1
,
p
p
.
19
19
~
1
9
2
7
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8694
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
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j
p
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s
.
v
1
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.i
3
.
pp
19
19
-
1
9
2
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1919
J
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Integ
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nerg
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2
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cc
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2
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Am
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m
o
st
w
id
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a
b
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s
is
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rg
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;
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p
a
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tally
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e
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th
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se
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so
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to
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r
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lem
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in
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ti
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th
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m
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n
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ro
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e
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s
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A
r
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et
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Bi
-
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c/d
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Diesel g
e
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t
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R
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atter
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h
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uth
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r
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zz
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ar
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R
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Hass
a
n
First U
n
i
v
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s
it
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f
Se
t
tat,
T
h
e
Facu
lt
y
o
f
Scie
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ce
s
a
n
d
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h
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o
lo
g
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P
: 5
7
7
,
r
o
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te
d
e
C
asab
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ca
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Settat,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
E
m
ail: e
zz
ito
u
n
i.j
ar
m
o
u
n
i
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
th
e
f
as
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
ac
ce
s
s
to
elec
tr
icit
y
i
n
t
h
e
l
ast
d
ec
ad
es.
T
h
e
d
em
a
n
d
f
o
r
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
i
s
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
,
d
ay
b
y
d
a
y
.
I
n
2
0
1
6
,
th
e
s
h
ar
e
o
f
r
en
e
w
ab
le
s
in
to
tal
f
in
al
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
cr
ea
s
ed
at
th
e
f
a
s
test
r
ate
s
in
ce
2
0
1
2
an
d
r
ea
ch
ed
al
m
o
s
t
1
7
.
5
%.
R
en
e
w
ab
les
ar
e
ess
en
tial
i
n
t
h
e
d
r
iv
e
to
w
ar
d
s
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
ac
ce
s
s
to
af
f
o
r
d
ab
le,
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
le,
r
eliab
le,
an
d
m
o
d
er
n
en
er
g
y
[
1
]
.
W
ith
th
e
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
f
ea
r
s
o
f
cli
m
a
te
ch
a
n
g
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s
an
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
o
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p
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ices,
th
e
w
o
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ld
is
m
o
v
in
g
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
g
r
ee
n
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
f
o
s
s
il
e
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er
g
y
.
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lar
en
er
g
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o
n
e
s
o
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r
ce
o
f
p
o
w
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g
e
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er
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t
h
at
in
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ep
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d
en
t
a
w
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f
r
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m
p
etr
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m
an
d
co
al
d
ep
en
d
en
t e
n
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
[
2
]
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
ad
o
p
ted
o
f
s
ev
er
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
w
e
f
i
n
d
,
th
e
co
m
b
in
e
o
f
v
ar
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u
s
en
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r
g
y
s
o
u
r
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es
s
u
c
h
as
s
o
lar
,
w
in
d
,
d
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g
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ato
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,
f
l
y
w
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ls
,
co
m
p
r
e
s
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to
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ag
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m
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h
y
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r
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s
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m
a
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etic
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s
a
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d
v
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h
icle
-
to
-
g
r
id
in
teg
r
atio
n
[
3
]
-
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
d
iesel
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
an
d
lin
k
to
t
h
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p
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id
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e
f
f
icien
t
s
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lu
tio
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t
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en
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r
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t
h
e
r
el
iab
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o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
o
f
el
ec
tr
icit
y
,
e
s
p
ec
iall
y
w
h
e
n
th
er
e
ar
e
cr
itical
lo
ad
s
(
2
4
-
h
o
u
r
d
e
m
a
n
d
f
o
r
elec
tr
icity
w
it
h
o
u
t
i
n
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
s
)
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
r
ese
n
ted
i
n
th
is
ar
ticle
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
t
h
r
ee
e
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er
g
y
s
o
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r
ce
s
(
p
h
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ltaic
g
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er
ato
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,
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iesel
g
e
n
er
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,
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d
t
h
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p
u
b
lic
g
r
id
)
an
d
a
s
to
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ag
e
u
n
it.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
a
s
a
f
et
y
a
s
p
ec
t
is
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
d
iesel
g
en
er
ato
r
.
T
o
g
u
ar
an
tee
th
e
c
o
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t
s
w
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h
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n
g
b
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w
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en
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o
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s
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m
a
x
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m
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m
u
s
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o
f
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w
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s
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d
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co
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tin
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s
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p
p
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m
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t
tech
n
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b
ased
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tif
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eu
r
a
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
202
1
:
19
19
–
192
7
1920
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
(
A
NN)
h
as
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
i
s
s
u
b
d
i
v
id
ed
in
to
t
h
r
ee
m
ain
p
ar
ts
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Fo
r
t
h
is
r
ea
s
o
n
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
d
iv
id
ed
th
i
s
ar
ticle
in
to
f
o
u
r
p
ar
ts
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ar
t
co
n
ce
r
n
s
th
e
p
r
esen
tat
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
ied
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
it
s
p
r
in
cip
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
ar
t
is
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
w
it
h
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
s
tr
ate
g
y
to
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
an
d
th
e
es
s
en
tial
p
o
in
t
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
is
s
tr
ateg
y
m
u
s
t
r
esp
ec
t.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
p
ar
t,
d
ev
o
ted
to
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r
esen
t
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
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lt
s
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d
d
is
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u
s
s
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
r
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lt
s
o
b
tain
ed
in
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
test
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
A
n
d
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
t
h
p
ar
t
is
t
h
e
co
n
clu
s
io
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w
h
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s
u
m
m
ar
is
e
s
th
e
w
o
r
k
t
h
at
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
.
2.
P
RE
S
E
NT
AT
I
O
N
O
F
T
H
E
ST
UD
I
E
D
SYS
T
E
M
Du
e
to
t
h
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
lta
ic
s
y
s
te
m
,
w
h
ic
h
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
m
et
eo
r
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
s
―
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
‖
[
6
]
,
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
cr
itical
l
o
ad
s
an
d
a
v
ar
iab
le
p
o
w
er
d
em
an
d
b
y
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
o
th
er
s
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
is
an
o
b
lig
atio
n
.
T
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
1
,
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
u
n
d
er
s
t
u
d
y
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
t
u
d
ied
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
,
a
s
o
lar
g
en
er
ato
r
w
it
h
an
MP
PT
ch
ar
g
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
―
i
n
cr
e
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
‖
[
7
]
-
[
9
]
,
a
d
iesel
g
en
er
ato
r
,
a
s
o
l
ar
b
atter
y
,
a
li
n
k
to
t
h
e
p
u
b
lic
g
r
id
an
d
lo
ad
s
(
t
w
o
lo
ad
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
to
th
e
g
r
id
an
d
t
w
o
o
t
h
er
s
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
an
d
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
a
r
an
d
o
m
w
a
y
)
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
f
lo
w
o
f
el
ec
tr
ic
cu
r
r
en
t
,
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
atter
y
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
(
B
atter
y
d
is
ch
ar
g
e)
an
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
to
t
h
e
b
a
tter
ies
(
B
atter
y
c
h
ar
g
e)
,
a
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
B
u
ck
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
i
s
ad
d
ed
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
A
n
d
a
d
c
to
ac
co
n
v
er
ter
,
to
en
s
u
r
e
an
alter
n
ati
n
g
cu
r
r
e
n
t
to
th
e
l
o
ad
s
.
T
w
o
AC
to
DC
co
n
v
er
t
er
s
,
to
co
n
v
er
t
t
h
e
alter
n
ati
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t o
f
t
h
e
d
iese
l g
en
er
ato
r
an
d
th
e
p
u
b
lic
g
r
id
s
to
DC
cu
r
r
en
t
.
Fig
u
r
e
1.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
ied
s
y
s
te
m
a
r
ch
itect
u
r
e.
3.
TH
E
M
AN
AG
EM
ENT
S
TRA
TEG
Y
Du
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
o
p
er
atio
n
,
t
h
e
A
NN
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
m
u
s
t
g
u
ar
a
n
tee
;
i)
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
s
u
p
p
l
y
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
in
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
w
ea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
;
ii)
b
atter
y
ch
ar
g
e
an
d
d
is
c
h
ar
g
e
co
n
tr
o
l,
iii)
b
atter
y
p
r
o
tectio
n
ag
ain
s
t
d
ee
p
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
an
d
o
v
er
ch
ar
g
e
,
i
v
)
test
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
d
iesel
g
en
er
ato
r
in
o
r
d
er
to
r
ep
lace
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
g
en
er
ato
r
;
a
n
d
v
)
m
ax
i
m
ize
th
e
s
o
licita
tio
n
o
f
r
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
s
tar
ted
b
y
r
ea
d
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
ea
s
u
r
es
o
f
p
o
w
er
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
(
P
p
v
)
,
th
e
p
o
w
er
d
e
m
a
n
d
ed
b
y
th
e
lo
ad
s
(
P
L
o
ad
)
,
th
e
s
tate
o
f
c
h
ar
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
atter
y
(
SOC
)
,
t
h
e
i
n
d
ica
to
r
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
d
iesel
g
r
o
u
p
(I)
(
T
h
is
v
er
i
f
icatio
n
h
as t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
to
k
n
o
w
i
f
t
h
e
g
en
er
ato
r
is
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
o
r
n
o
t,
af
ter
h
a
v
i
n
g
th
e
s
tar
t
o
r
d
er
)
.
T
h
e
ch
ar
t
in
th
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
,
s
h
o
w
s
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
in
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
o
p
er
ates
an
d
t
h
e
ac
tio
n
s
to
b
e
tak
e
n
i
n
t
h
e
e
v
e
n
t
o
f
v
a
lid
atio
n
o
f
ea
c
h
s
ce
n
a
r
io
.
T
h
e
d
iesel
g
e
n
er
ato
r
f
u
n
c
tio
n
tes
t
i
s
d
o
n
e
t
h
e
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
a
M
A
T
L
A
B
f
u
n
cti
o
n
,
w
h
ic
h
w
ill
i
n
p
u
t
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
th
e
d
iesel
g
e
n
er
ato
r
,
an
d
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
ill o
u
tp
u
t o
n
e
i
f
t
h
e
d
iesel g
e
n
er
ato
r
is
ab
le
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
,
o
r
ze
r
o
s
if
n
o
t
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
I
n
teg
r
a
tio
n
o
f a
r
tifi
cia
l n
eu
r
a
l n
etw
o
r
ks fo
r
mu
lti
-
s
o
u
r
ce
en
erg
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t i
n
… (
E
z
iito
u
n
i J
a
r
mo
u
n
i
)
1921
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
o
p
er
atin
g
ch
ar
t
3
.
1
.
T
he
po
w
er
ca
lcula
t
io
n r
equired by
t
he
lo
a
ds
T
h
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
3
an
d
4
to
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
r
an
d
o
m
,
w
h
er
ea
s
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
1
an
d
2
ar
e
p
er
m
a
n
e
n
tl
y
co
n
n
ec
ted
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
ca
lcu
lati
n
g
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
t
h
e
lo
ad
s
is
a
s
:
P
_
d
= P
L1
+ P
L2
;
% P
_
d
:
P
o
w
er d
ema
n
d
ed
I
f (
S
3
=0
&
S
4
= 0
)
P
_
d
= P
L1
+ P
L2
;
% P
L1
a
n
d
PL
2
p
o
w
er d
ema
n
d
ed
b
y
lo
a
d
s
1
a
n
d
2.
E
ls
eif
(
S3
=
1
&
S
4
= 0
)
P
_
d
= P
L1
+ P
L2
+
P
L
3
;
%
P
L3
:
P
o
w
er
d
ema
n
d
e
d
b
y
lo
a
d
3
.
E
ls
eif
(
S
3
= 0
&
S4
=
1
)
P
_
d
= P
L1
+ P
L2
+
P
L
4
;
%
P
L4
:
P
o
w
er d
ema
n
d
e
d
b
y
lo
a
d
4
.
E
ls
eif
(
S3
=
1
&
S4
=
1
)
P
_
d
= P
L1
+ P
L2
+
P
L
3
+
P
L
4
;
3
.
2
.
Neura
l net
w
o
rk
a
rc
hite
ct
ure
T
h
e
ar
tif
icial
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ar
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lear
n
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
in
s
p
ir
ed
b
y
t
h
e
b
io
lo
g
i
ca
l
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
an
d
ab
le
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
a
s
s
i
m
i
lar
to
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
b
r
ain
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
A
li
n
ea
r
an
d
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
alg
o
r
ith
m
m
o
d
els,
ar
tific
ial
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
(
A
NN
s
)
ca
n
b
u
ild
.
T
h
e
ar
tif
icial
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
wo
r
k
(
A
NN)
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
is
a
m
u
ltil
a
y
er
p
er
ce
p
tr
o
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
(
M
L
P
)
,
w
h
ic
h
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
a
n
in
p
u
t
la
y
er
,
f
o
u
r
h
id
d
en
la
y
er
s
a
n
d
an
o
u
tp
u
t
la
y
er
.
T
h
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
ea
c
h
i
n
p
u
t
o
r
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ec
t
o
r
is
1
x
1
0
0
0
0
.
T
h
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
ML
P
is
d
u
e
to
it
s
ea
s
e
o
f
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
s
o
lv
in
g
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
it
s
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
a
n
d
th
e
f
ac
t
th
a
t
o
u
r
d
ataset
co
n
tai
n
s
a
li
m
ited
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
d
ata
u
s
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
M
L
P
ar
e
d
i
v
id
ed
in
to
t
h
r
ee
p
ar
ts
;
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
7
0
%
f
o
r
tr
ain
i
n
g
,
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
1
5
%
co
n
ce
r
n
t
h
e
te
s
t
o
p
er
atio
n
a
n
d
th
e
t
h
ir
d
1
5
%
to
v
alid
ate
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
[
1
4
]
-
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
t
h
is
o
p
er
atio
n
is
to
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
p
r
ed
icti
v
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
m
o
d
el
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
ad
o
p
ted
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
A
NN
c
h
o
s
e
n
.
T
h
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
t
h
is
ar
c
h
ite
ctu
r
e
(
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
la
y
er
s
,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
e
u
r
o
n
s
p
er
la
y
er
,
ac
t
iv
atio
n
f
u
n
c
tio
n
s
,
lear
n
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
.
.
)
is
m
ad
e
af
ter
s
ev
er
al
te
s
ts
,
in
w
h
ich
w
e
tr
ie
d
to
f
i
n
d
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
th
at
h
a
s
a
n
er
r
o
r
clo
s
e
to
ze
r
o
(
C
o
n
v
er
g
en
ce
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
o
u
tp
u
ts
to
t
h
e
d
esire
d
o
u
tp
u
ts
)
an
d
a
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
e
f
f
icien
t
clo
s
e
to
o
n
e
(
w
h
ich
s
i
g
n
i
f
ied
a
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
o
u
tp
u
ts
a
n
d
th
e
d
esire
d
o
u
tp
u
t
s
)
.
T
h
e
ANN
m
o
d
el
i
n
p
u
t
v
ec
to
r
s
ar
e:
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
d
eli
v
er
ed
b
y
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
,
th
e
p
o
w
er
d
e
m
an
d
ed
b
y
th
e
lo
ad
s
,
th
e
b
atter
y
s
tate
o
f
c
h
ar
g
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
ies
e
l
g
en
er
ato
r
o
p
er
atin
g
s
tate
i
n
d
icato
r
.
C
o
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ec
to
r
s
,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
v
ec
to
r
s
w
h
ich
ar
e;
S1
an
d
S2
w
h
ic
h
h
av
e
a
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
a
l
co
n
v
er
ter
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
m
an
a
g
e
t
h
e
ch
ar
g
e
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
o
f
th
e
b
atter
y
,
t
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e
S_
DG
is
th
e
s
w
i
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o
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th
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co
n
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t
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n
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i
th
t
h
e
d
iesel
g
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u
p
,
an
d
th
e
S_
G
i
s
t
o
s
w
itc
h
to
th
e
m
o
d
e
th
at
i
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
p
u
b
lic
elec
tr
ical
g
r
id
in
ca
s
e
o
f
d
ef
icie
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
s
u
p
p
l
y
at
th
e
lo
ca
l le
v
el.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
202
1
:
19
19
–
192
7
1922
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
A
NN
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
4.
T
RAI
NIN
G
AND
R
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S
U
L
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S DIS
C
USS
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O
N
T
h
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
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o
f
th
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n
eu
r
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et
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k
m
u
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er
g
o
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lear
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ase
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ce
it
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ch
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.
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h
is
co
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o
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ca
lcu
lati
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g
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o
p
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al
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ig
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o
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t
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i
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e
n
t
lin
k
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u
s
i
n
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h
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tr
ain
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g
b
ase
an
d
a
co
llectio
n
o
f
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
lear
n
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
u
s
ed
in
th
e
f
o
ll
o
w
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p
ar
t
o
f
M
A
T
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A
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to
o
lb
o
x
o
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n
e
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al
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et
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[
1
8
]
.
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e
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i
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s
,
th
at
s
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o
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ai
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atio
n
,
is
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e
m
ea
n
s
q
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ar
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er
r
o
r
[
1
9
]
-
[
2
1
]
.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
t
h
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f
o
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lo
w
i
n
g
Fi
g
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r
e
4
,
th
e
m
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er
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7
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at
7
3
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s
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o
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atio
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m
ea
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s
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h
at
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e
M
L
P
o
u
tp
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ill
co
n
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o
th
e
d
esire
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o
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tp
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p
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f
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tl
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th
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th
r
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p
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ase
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d
m
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v
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n
[
2
2
]
-
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
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5
s
h
o
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d
if
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ain
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r
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w
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c
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;
t
h
e
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itect
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r
e,
th
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alg
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it
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ed
d
u
r
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ai
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an
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at
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v
id
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ab
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.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
m
ea
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s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
o
f
th
e
ANN
m
o
d
el
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
I
n
teg
r
a
tio
n
o
f a
r
tifi
cia
l n
eu
r
a
l n
etw
o
r
ks fo
r
mu
lti
-
s
o
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ce
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erg
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n
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… (
E
z
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i J
a
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1923
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
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Neu
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et
w
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g
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er
M
A
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L
A
B
4
.
1
.
T
est
o
f
t
he
ANN
m
a
na
g
e
m
e
nt
m
o
del
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
t
io
n
,
w
e
w
il
l
ex
a
m
i
n
e
th
e
ANN
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
m
o
d
el
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
p
er
ati
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
v
alid
ate
an
d
v
is
u
a
l
is
e
th
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
,
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
ess
a
n
d
r
eliab
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o
f
th
e
s
y
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te
m
m
an
ag
e
m
e
n
t
(
ANN)
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
o
p
er
ati
o
n
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
y
s
te
m
,
th
r
ee
cr
i
tical
ca
s
e
s
ca
n
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e
e
n
co
u
n
ter
e
d
,
w
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e
t
h
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y
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te
m
w
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l
b
e
p
u
t
i
n
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
t
h
e
i
n
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
o
f
i
n
s
ta
n
t
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
as
to
p
r
o
tect
th
e
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
in
s
tallat
io
n
an
d
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
an
u
n
in
ter
r
u
p
ted
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
b
y
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
u
s
i
n
g
o
f
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
s
o
lar
p
an
els.
T
h
e
C
ase
1
:
I
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e,
w
e
w
il
l
s
ee
t
h
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
m
o
d
el
b
y
a
s
s
i
g
n
in
g
to
th
e
b
atter
y
s
tates
o
f
c
h
ar
g
e
a
h
ig
h
er
v
al
u
e
th
a
n
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
o
n
e
(
s
o
c_
m
a
x
)
,
w
ith
a
v
ar
iab
le
p
o
w
er
at
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltai
c
g
en
er
ato
r
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
b
atter
y
ac
ts
a
s
t
h
e
m
ai
n
g
e
n
er
ato
r
if
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
o
w
er
f
all
s
b
elo
w
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
o
w
er
.
As
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
,
t
w
o
o
p
er
atin
g
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
ca
n
b
e
d
is
tin
g
u
i
s
h
ed
in
f
o
u
r
-
ti
m
e
in
ter
v
a
ls
.
Scen
ar
io
1
:
Fro
m
0
s
to
0
.
1
s
a
n
d
f
r
o
m
0
.
9
to
1
s
:
T
h
ese
ti
m
e
in
ter
v
al
s
s
h
o
w
a
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
o
w
er
ab
o
v
e
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
o
w
er
a
n
d
a
b
atter
y
s
tate
o
f
ch
ar
g
e
ab
o
v
e
s
o
c_
m
a
x
.
A
s
a
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
ese
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
A
NN
m
o
d
el
w
ill p
r
o
tect
th
e
b
atter
y
f
r
o
m
o
v
er
c
h
ar
g
e
b
y
s
ettin
g
b
o
th
s
w
i
tch
e
s
S1
an
d
S
2
to
ze
r
o
.
Scen
ar
io
2
:
Fro
m
0
.
1
s
to
0
.
3
s
an
d
f
r
o
m
0
.
7
s
to
0
.
9
s
:
I
n
th
ese
ti
m
e
in
ter
v
als,
w
e
h
a
v
e
n
o
ticed
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
o
w
er
d
e
m
a
n
d
th
an
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
o
w
er
,
an
d
a
b
atter
y
s
tate
o
f
ch
ar
g
e
is
al
w
a
y
s
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
s
o
c_
m
ax
.
As
a
r
esu
l
t
o
f
t
h
ese
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
t
h
e
A
NN
m
o
d
el
will
f
o
r
ce
th
e
b
atter
y
to
m
o
v
e
i
n
to
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
m
o
d
e
b
y
s
etti
n
g
th
e
s
w
itc
h
S1
to
o
n
e
a
n
d
th
e
s
w
itc
h
S2
to
ze
r
o
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
u
p
p
l
y
th
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
.
S
in
ce
t
h
e
b
atter
y
s
tate
o
f
c
h
ar
g
e
i
s
s
u
f
f
icien
t
to
r
ep
lace
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
s
y
s
te
m
,
t
h
e
d
iesel
g
e
n
er
ato
r
an
d
p
u
b
lic
g
r
i
d
s
w
itc
h
es r
e
m
a
in
u
n
c
h
a
n
g
ed
.
T
h
e
C
ase
2
:
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
,
t
w
o
s
ce
n
a
r
io
s
w
ill
b
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
,
w
h
e
n
th
e
p
o
w
er
d
em
a
n
d
ed
b
y
t
h
e
lo
ad
is
h
ig
h
er
th
an
th
e
P
V
g
en
er
ato
r
an
d
th
e
b
atter
y
s
tate
o
f
ch
ar
g
e
is
i
n
s
u
f
f
ic
ien
t
f
o
r
th
e
b
atter
y
to
r
ep
lace
th
e
P
V
g
e
n
e
r
ato
r
.
A
s
a
r
es
u
lt
o
f
t
h
ese
co
n
d
itio
n
s
t
h
e
d
iesel
g
e
n
er
ato
r
w
i
ll
b
e
u
s
ed
to
s
u
p
p
l
y
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
.
T
o
b
etter
in
ter
p
r
et
th
is
ca
s
e,
w
e
w
i
ll c
h
o
o
s
e
t
w
o
ti
m
e
i
n
ter
v
al
s
w
h
er
e
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
clea
r
:
a.
I
n
ter
v
al
n
u
m
b
er
1
(
De
s
ir
ed
o
p
er
atio
n
)
:
Fro
m
0
.
3
s
to
0
.
7
s
;
I
n
t
h
is
in
ter
v
al,
w
e
n
o
tice
t
h
a
t
P
p
v
>
P
L
a
n
d
SOC
<
SO
C
m
i
n
,
as
a
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
t
h
ese
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
w
e
w
il
l
h
av
e
th
e
b
atter
y
c
h
ar
g
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
202
1
:
19
19
–
192
7
1924
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
(
B
atter
y
p
r
o
tectio
n
f
r
o
m
d
ee
p
d
is
ch
ar
g
e)
,
b
y
s
etti
n
g
s
w
itc
h
S2
to
o
n
e
an
d
th
e
s
w
itc
h
S1
r
em
a
in
s
at
0
.
b.
I
n
ter
v
al
n
u
m
b
er
2
(
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
f
ail
u
r
e)
:
Fro
m
0
.
1
s
to
0
.
2
s
;
in
t
h
is
i
n
ter
v
al,
w
e
o
b
s
r
v
e
t
h
at
P
p
v
<
P
L
an
d
SOC
<
SO
C
m
i
n
,
s
in
ce
th
e
d
ie
s
el
g
e
n
er
ato
r
in
d
icato
r
eq
u
al
s
1
(
I
d
g
>
I
r
ef
)
,
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
th
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
is
ab
le
to
s
u
p
p
l
y
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
ch
ar
g
e
t
h
e
b
atter
y
,
b
y
s
et
ti
n
g
s
w
itc
h
S2
to
o
n
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
S1
r
e
m
ai
n
s
at
0
.
T
h
e
s
tate
o
f
s
w
itc
h
S_
G
r
e
m
a
in
s
ze
r
o
.
T
h
e
s
ettin
g
o
f
th
i
s
s
w
itc
h
b
y
th
e
ANN
m
o
d
el
is
d
o
n
e
w
h
e
n
th
e
d
iesel
g
e
n
er
ato
r
in
d
icato
r
eq
u
als 0
,
w
h
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
t
h
er
e
is
a
d
ef
icie
n
c
y
i
n
t
h
e
d
iese
l g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
is
w
ill b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
th
e
ca
s
e
n
u
m
b
er
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t c
ase
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
s
y
s
te
m
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
he
s
ec
o
n
d
ca
s
e
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
s
y
s
te
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
I
n
teg
r
a
tio
n
o
f a
r
tifi
cia
l n
eu
r
a
l n
etw
o
r
ks fo
r
mu
lti
-
s
o
u
r
ce
en
erg
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t i
n
… (
E
z
iito
u
n
i J
a
r
mo
u
n
i
)
1925
T
h
e
C
ase
3
:
I
n
t
h
is
ca
s
e
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
,
w
e
w
ill
cr
ea
t
e
a
f
ail
u
r
e
in
t
h
e
d
iesel
g
e
n
er
a
to
r
,
w
h
ic
h
w
il
l
lead
to
t
h
e
d
ec
lar
atio
n
(
I
<
I
r
ef
)
to
t
h
e
n
eu
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
t
h
at
t
h
e
d
ie
s
el
g
r
o
u
p
is
in
ca
p
a
b
le
o
f
r
ep
lacin
g
t
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
g
en
er
ato
r
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
A
N
N
co
n
tr
o
l
m
o
d
el
,
w
il
l
f
o
r
ce
S_
G
to
ch
a
n
g
e
to
o
n
e
f
o
r
s
w
i
tch
in
g
to
th
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
m
o
d
e
w
it
h
th
e
p
u
b
lic
g
r
id
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
s
u
p
p
l
y
to
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
er
an
d
b
atter
y
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
(T
h
e
p
u
b
lic
g
r
id
is
t
h
e
m
a
in
p
r
o
v
id
er
in
t
h
is
ca
s
e)
.
A
s
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ca
s
e,
w
e
w
il
l
tak
e
t
w
o
ti
m
e
in
ter
v
a
ls
to
b
etter
in
ter
p
r
et
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
a.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
in
ter
v
al
(
Des
ir
ed
o
p
er
atio
n
)
:
Fro
m
0
.
3
s
to
0
.
7
s
;
i
n
th
i
s
in
te
r
v
al,
w
e
n
o
tice
th
at
P
p
v
>
P
L
an
d
SOC
<
SO
C
m
i
n
.
A
s
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
t
h
ese
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
w
e
w
ill
h
av
e
t
h
e
b
atter
y
c
h
ar
g
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltai
c
s
y
s
te
m
(
B
atter
y
p
r
o
tectio
n
f
r
o
m
d
ee
p
d
is
ch
ar
g
e)
.
b.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
in
ter
v
al
(
P
V
an
d
DG
s
y
s
te
m
s
f
ail
u
r
e)
: Fr
o
m
0
.
1
s
to
0
.
2
s
an
d
f
r
o
m
0
.
7
s
to
0
.
9
s
;
w
e
ca
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
P
p
v
<
P
L
,
SOC
<
SOC
m
in
a
n
d
th
e
d
iesel
g
e
n
er
ato
r
in
d
icato
r
eq
u
als
0
(
I
d
g
<
I
r
ef
)
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
th
e
d
iesel
g
e
n
er
ato
r
is
n
o
t
f
u
n
cti
o
n
in
g
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
A
NN
f
o
r
ce
s
th
e
S_
G
to
s
w
itc
h
to
o
n
e;
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
v
e
s
to
th
e
co
n
n
e
cted
m
o
d
e
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
lo
ca
l
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
ch
ar
g
e
th
e
b
atter
y
b
y
s
etti
n
g
th
e
s
w
i
tch
S2
to
o
n
e.
Fig
u
r
e
8
. T
h
e
th
ir
d
ca
s
e
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
s
y
s
te
m
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
s
o
lar
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
an
d
t
h
e
d
is
ce
n
tr
al
is
atio
n
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
u
n
i
ts
,
w
ill
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
d
e
m
a
n
d
o
f
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
el
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
s
u
r
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
cli
m
ate
c
h
an
g
e
t
h
a
t
th
r
ea
ten
s
h
u
m
an
it
y
.
S
in
ce
r
e
n
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
k
n
o
w
n
b
y
th
e
ir
r
an
d
o
m
o
p
er
atio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
is
m
ai
n
l
y
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
w
ea
t
h
er
co
n
d
it
i
o
n
s
,
th
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
s
to
r
ag
e
u
n
i
ts
a
n
d
o
th
er
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
en
s
u
r
e
an
u
n
i
n
te
r
r
u
p
ted
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
,
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
cr
itical
lo
ad
s
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
a
p
e
r
m
a
n
e
n
t
cu
r
r
en
t.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
an
d
o
p
tim
al
o
p
er
atio
n
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
s
af
et
y
asp
ec
t
s
to
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
an
ar
tific
ial
n
eu
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
m
an
a
g
e
t
h
e
b
at
ter
y
ch
ar
g
in
g
a
n
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
(
B
atter
y
o
v
er
c
h
ar
g
e
a
n
d
d
ee
p
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
)
,
th
e
d
ie
s
e
l
g
en
er
at
o
r
o
p
er
atio
n
v
er
if
icatio
n
an
d
t
h
e
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
b
et
w
ee
n
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
all
t
h
ese
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
ar
e
d
o
n
e
b
y
t
h
e
A
NN
m
o
d
el
s
i
m
u
ltan
eo
u
s
l
y
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
h
as
b
ee
n
w
id
el
y
d
i
f
f
u
s
ed
i
n
s
ev
er
al
f
ie
ld
s
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
o
n
e
o
f
s
e
v
er
al
ex
a
m
p
les
th
a
t
h
av
e
s
h
o
w
n
th
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
ANNs in
s
m
ar
t g
r
id
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
IEA
,
IREN
A
,
UN
S
D,
W
B,
W
HO
,
―
T
ra
c
k
in
g
S
DG
7
:
T
h
e
En
e
rg
y
P
ro
g
re
ss
Re
p
o
rt
2
0
1
9
,
‖
W
a
sh
in
g
to
n
DC.
[2
]
K.
Ha
n
se
n
,
a
n
d
B.
V
a
d
M
a
th
ies
e
n
,
―
Co
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
a
ss
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
ro
le
a
n
d
p
o
ten
ti
a
l
f
o
r
so
lar
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
in
f
u
tu
re
e
n
e
rg
y
s
y
ste
m
s,‖
S
o
l.
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
9
,
p
p
.
1
4
4
-
1
5
2
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/j
.
so
len
e
r.
2
0
1
8
.
0
4
.
0
3
9
.
[3
]
A
.
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
,
Z.
A
b
d
e
lk
a
d
e
r,
a
n
d
B.
A
b
d
e
lk
rim
,
―
Op
ti
m
a
l
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
h
y
b
rid
P
V
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r(d
i
e
se
l/
G
P
L
)
f
o
r
a
d
e
c
e
n
tralize
d
p
r
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
o
f
e
lec
t
ricity
in
A
lg
e
ria,‖
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
2
0
3
8
-
2
0
4
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
j
p
e
d
s.
v
1
1
.
i
4
.
p
p
2
0
3
8
-
2
0
4
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
12
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
202
1
:
19
19
–
192
7
1926
[4
]
Un
it
e
d
Na
ti
o
n
s,
Eco
n
o
m
ic
Co
m
m
is
sio
n
f
o
r
Af
rica
,
S
u
b
re
g
io
n
a
l
Off
ic
e
No
rth
Af
rica
(S
RO
-
N
A
),
T
h
e
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
se
c
to
r
in
No
rth
Af
ric
a
c
u
rr
e
n
t
situ
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
p
ro
s
p
e
c
t
,
S
u
b
re
g
io
n
a
l
N
o
rth
A
f
rica
O
ff
ic
e
o
f
th
e
Un
it
e
d
Na
ti
o
n
s E
c
o
n
o
m
ic Co
m
m
issio
n
fo
r
A
f
ric
a
(UN
EC
A
),
2
0
1
2
.
[5
]
A
.
F
.
Bu
rk
e
, ―
B
a
tt
e
ries
a
n
d
u
lt
ra
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
rs f
o
r
e
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tri
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h
y
b
rid
,
a
n
d
f
u
e
l
c
e
ll
v
e
h
icle
s,
‖
in
Pro
c
.
IEE
E
,
v
o
l.
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5
,
n
o
.
4
,
2
0
0
7
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p
p
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8
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o
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0
9
/J
P
ROC.
2
0
0
7
.
8
9
2
4
9
0
.
[6
]
K
.
L
a
p
p
a
lain
e
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
V
a
lk
e
a
lah
ti
,
―
Ou
tp
u
t
p
o
w
e
r
v
a
riatio
n
o
f
d
iff
e
r
e
n
t
P
V
a
rra
y
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
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s
d
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rin
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irrad
ian
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e
tran
siti
o
n
s
c
a
u
se
d
b
y
m
o
v
in
g
c
lo
u
d
s
,‖
Ap
p
l.
E
n
e
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y
,
v
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l.
1
9
0
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p
p
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9
0
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-
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1
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0
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7
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0
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1
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1
6
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a
p
e
n
e
rg
y
.
2
0
1
7
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0
1
.
0
1
3
.
[7
]
A
.
A
.
A
b
d
u
lraz
z
a
q
,
a
n
d
A
.
H
.
A
li
,
―
Eff
i
c
ien
c
y
p
e
r
f
o
rm
a
n
c
e
s
o
f
Tw
o
M
P
P
T
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
f
o
r
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sy
ste
m
w
it
h
d
if
fe
re
n
t
so
lar
p
a
n
e
ls
irrad
ian
c
e
s,
‖
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
(
I
J
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l.
9
,
no.
4
,
p
p
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1
7
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5
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6
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s.v
9
.
i4
.
p
p
1
7
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5
-
1
7
6
4
.
[8
]
D
.
C.
Hu
y
n
h
,
M
.
W
.
Du
n
n
ig
a
n
,
―
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
a
n
im
p
ro
v
e
d
in
c
re
m
e
n
tal
c
o
n
d
u
c
tan
c
e
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
trac
k
in
g
th
e
M
P
P
o
f
a
so
lar
P
V
p
a
n
e
l
,
‖
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EE
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r
a
n
s.
S
u
sta
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n
.
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e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
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o
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E.
2
0
1
6
.
2
5
5
6
6
7
8
.
[9
]
V
.
A
g
a
r
w
a
l
,
a
n
d
H.
P
a
tel
.
―
M
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
w
e
r
p
o
in
t
trac
k
in
g
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
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p
v
sy
ste
m
s
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
u
n
d
e
r
p
a
rti
a
ll
y
sh
a
d
e
d
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s‖
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
.
5
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
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1
6
8
9
-
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6
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8
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A
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1
0
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IE.
2
0
0
8
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9
1
7
1
1
8
.
[1
0
]
A
.
D
.
S
a
v
io
,
a
n
d
A
.
V
.
Ju
li
e
t,
―
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
u
lt
ip
le
p
lu
g
-
in
e
lec
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
m
o
b
il
e
c
h
a
rg
in
g
sta
ti
o
n
u
si
n
g
b
id
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
v
e
rter,
‖
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ic
s a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
(
I
J
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
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7
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,
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n
e
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0
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0
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d
o
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0
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5
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1
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jp
e
d
s.v
1
1
.
i2
.
p
p
7
8
5
-
7
9
1
.
[1
1
]
J.
P
a
tel,
H.
Ch
a
n
d
w
a
n
i,
V
.
P
a
t
e
l,
a
n
d
H.
L
a
k
h
a
n
i,
―
Bid
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
DC
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
b
a
tt
e
ry
c
h
a
rg
in
g
—
Disc
h
a
rg
in
g
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
u
si
n
g
b
u
c
k
-
b
o
o
st
sw
it
c
h
,
‖
in
IE
EE
S
tu
d
e
n
ts'
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
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1
1
0
9
/S
C
EE
CS
.
2
0
1
2
.
6
1
8
4
9
9
3
.
[1
2
]
W
.
A
rib
o
w
o
,
S
.
M
u
slim
,
M
u
n
o
t
o
,
B.
S
u
p
rian
t
o
,
U.
T
.
Ka
rti
n
i
,
a
n
d
I.
G.
P
.
A
.
Bu
d
it
ja
h
jan
t
o
,
―
T
u
n
i
n
g
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
sta
b
il
ize
r
u
sin
g
c
a
sc
a
d
e
f
o
r
w
a
rd
b
a
c
k
p
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
,
‖
in
T
h
ird
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
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Vo
c
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ti
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l
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u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
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rin
g
(
ICVE
E),
S
u
ra
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a
y
a
,
I
n
d
o
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si
a
,
2
0
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0
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p
p
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-
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d
o
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:
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1
1
0
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V
E
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0
2
1
2
.
2
0
2
0
.
9
2
4
3
2
0
4
.
[1
3
]
R.
G
a
rc
ía
-
Ró
d
e
n
a
s,
L
.
J.
L
in
a
re
s,
a
n
d
J.
A
.
L
ó
p
e
z
-
G
ó
m
e
z
,
―
M
e
m
e
ti
c
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
f
o
r
train
in
g
f
e
e
d
f
o
rw
a
rd
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
:
a
n
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
b
a
se
d
o
n
g
ra
v
it
a
ti
o
n
a
l
se
a
rc
h
a
l
g
o
rit
h
m
,
‖
Ne
u
ra
l
Co
mp
u
t
&
Ap
p
li
c
,
v
o
l.
3
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
2
0
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d
o
i:
1
0
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1
0
0
7
/s0
0
5
2
1
-
0
2
0
-
0
5
1
3
1
-
y.
[1
4
]
Y.
Ch
e
n
,
L
.
S
o
n
g
,
Y.
L
iu
,
L
.
Ya
n
g
,
a
n
d
D
.
L
i,
―
A
re
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
a
rti
f
icia
l
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
m
o
d
e
ls
fo
r
w
a
ter
q
u
a
li
ty
p
re
d
ictio
n
,
‖
A
p
p
l
ied
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
10
,
n
o
.
1
7
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/a
p
p
1
0
1
7
5
7
7
6
.
[1
5
]
W
.
C.
L
iu
,
a
n
d
W
.
B.
Ch
e
n
,
―
P
r
e
d
ictio
n
o
f
wa
ter
te
m
p
e
r
a
tu
re
in
a
su
b
tro
p
ica
l
su
b
a
lp
i
n
e
lak
e
u
sin
g
a
n
a
rti
f
icia
l
n
e
u
ra
l
n
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tw
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rk
a
n
d
th
re
e
-
d
i
m
e
n
sio
n
a
l
c
ircu
l
a
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
ls,
‖
Co
mp
u
ter
s
&
G
e
o
sc
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
4
5
,
p
p
.
13
-
25
,
A
u
g
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st
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
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1
0
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1
0
1
6
/
j.
c
a
g
e
o
.
2
0
1
2
.
0
3
.
0
1
0
.
[1
6
]
Y.
S.
T
.
Ho
n
g
,
―
Dy
n
a
m
ic
n
o
n
li
n
e
a
r
sta
te
-
sp
a
c
e
m
o
d
e
l
w
it
h
a
n
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ra
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tw
o
rk
v
ia
i
m
p
ro
v
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d
se
q
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n
ti
a
l
lea
rn
i
n
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
a
n
o
n
l
in
e
re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
h
y
d
ro
lo
g
ica
l
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
,‖
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Hy
d
ro
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
468
-
4
6
9
,
p
p
.
11
-
21
,
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i:
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0
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1
0
1
6
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.
jh
y
d
ro
l.
2
0
1
2
.
0
8
.
0
0
1
.
[1
7
]
S
.
M
isra
,
H
.
Li
,
a
n
d
J
.
He
,
Ne
u
ra
l
Ne
two
rk
T
ra
in
i
n
g
,
M
a
c
h
in
e
L
e
a
rn
in
g
fo
r
S
u
b
s
u
rfa
c
e
Ch
a
r
a
c
ter
iza
ti
o
n
,
G
u
lf
P
r
o
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
P
u
b
li
sh
in
g
,
20
19
.
[1
8
]
H.
De
m
u
th
,
a
n
d
M
.
Be
a
le,
Ne
u
ra
l
n
e
two
rk
t
o
o
l
b
o
x
,
Us
e
r’s G
u
id
e
Ve
rsio
n
4
,
T
h
e
M
a
th
W
o
rk
s
In
c
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
9
]
A
.
S
h
a
rif
iI,
a
n
d
A
.
M
o
h
e
b
b
iII,
―
I
n
tro
d
u
c
i
n
g
a
n
e
w
f
o
r
m
u
la
b
a
se
d
o
n
a
n
a
rti
f
icia
l
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
f
o
r
p
re
d
icti
o
n
o
f
d
ro
p
let
siz
e
in
v
e
n
tu
ri
sc
ru
b
b
e
rs,
‖
Bra
zili
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ch
e
mic
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
4
9
-
5
5
8
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2
0
1
2
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d
o
i:
1
0
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1
5
9
0
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0
1
0
4
-
6
6
3
2
2
0
1
2
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
1
2
.
[2
0
]
L.
P
.
Dia
s,
J.
J.
F
.
C
e
rq
u
e
ira,
K.
D.
R.
A
ss
is,
a
n
d
R.
C.
A
l
m
e
id
a
,
―
Us
in
g
a
rti
f
ici
a
l
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
t
w
o
rk
in
in
tru
sio
n
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s
to
c
o
m
p
u
ter
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,
‖
in
9
th
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ie
n
c
e
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
CEE
C)
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/C
EE
C.
2
0
1
7
.
8
1
0
1
6
1
5
.
[2
1
]
S
.
A
lt
ik
a
t,
A
.
G
u
lb
e
,
H.
K.
Ku
c
u
k
e
rd
e
m
,
a
n
d
A
.
A
lt
ik
a
t
―
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
a
rti
f
icia
l
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
a
n
d
h
y
b
rid
m
o
d
e
ls
f
o
r
p
re
d
ictin
g
CO2
f
lu
x
f
ro
m
so
il
to
a
tm
o
sp
h
e
re
,
‖
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
v
iro
n
me
n
t
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J
P
o
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&
Dr
i
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N:
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teg
r
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tio
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cia
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erg
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g
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n
… (
E
z
iito
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i J
a
r
mo
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n
i
)
1927
B
I
O
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RAP
H
I
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S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
J
a
r
m
o
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stu
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str
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tatio
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I),
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h
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a
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Tec
h
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g
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ss
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n
1
st Un
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,
M
o
ro
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c
o
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BP
:
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7
7
,
ro
u
te
d
e
Ca
sa
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a
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t,
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c
o
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e
d
M
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re
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h
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s
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h
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in
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e
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tro
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ro
m
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Un
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ra
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ro
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o
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m
e
m
e
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b
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I
L
a
b
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ra
t
o
ry
(Ra
y
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n
n
e
m
e
n
t
-
M
a
ti
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re
&
In
stru
m
e
n
tatio
n
).
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u
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re
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a
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to
p
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in
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lu
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,
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EM
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se
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teria
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s,
in
telli
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s
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s
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in
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h
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ss
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t
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rsity
,
P
O
Bo
x
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7
,
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t
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r
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c
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.
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s o
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tri
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,
in
tern
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t
o
f
th
in
g
s,
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
sy
st
e
m
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.