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I
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Vo
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4
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Dec
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1
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u
ct
as
th
e
m
ai
n
d
ev
i
ce
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
th
is
r
ese
ar
ch
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
ch
o
o
s
e
d
u
e
to
it
ea
s
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
ab
le
as
th
e
m
ain
lo
g
i
c
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
u
n
it
i
n
co
n
s
ec
u
t
iv
el
y
e
m
p
lo
y
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
w
o
r
k
o
f
g
e
n
er
atin
g
a
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
la
r
p
an
el
d
r
y
in
g
u
n
it
f
o
r
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
2.
DE
S
I
G
N
O
F
M
P
P
T
B
L
O
CK
DIAG
R
AM
A
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
tr
ac
k
s
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
s
u
n
an
d
m
ai
n
tai
n
s
t
h
e
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
lta
ic
m
o
d
u
les
at
an
an
g
le
t
h
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t.
Se
v
e
r
al
s
o
lar
tr
ac
k
in
g
p
r
in
cip
les
a
n
d
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
tr
ac
k
th
e
s
u
n
ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
.
T
h
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
io
n
b
lo
ck
s
y
s
te
m
o
n
MP
PT
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e.
1
is
a
f
lo
w
s
tep
p
r
o
ce
s
o
f
M
P
PT
w
it
h
th
e
in
te
g
r
ated
s
y
s
te
m
to
y
ie
l
d
a
c
o
n
tr
o
l
f
u
n
ct
io
n
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
ev
er
y
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
d
ec
id
es
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
s
y
s
te
m
d
esi
g
n
.
T
h
e
s
u
n
p
o
s
iti
o
n
d
etec
t
i
n
s
e
v
er
a
l
d
if
er
en
t
an
g
el
t
h
at
u
tili
ze
t
h
e
lig
h
t
d
ep
en
d
en
t
r
es
is
to
r
(
L
DR
)
to
s
en
s
e
t
h
e
s
u
n
r
ad
iatio
n
lig
h
t
as
th
e
in
p
u
t
f
o
r
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
as
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
.
T
h
e
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
as
t
h
e
m
ec
h
an
ic
d
ev
ice
w
o
r
k
s
in
p
o
s
itio
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
an
el
to
o
b
t
ain
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
r
ad
iatio
n
o
f
li
g
h
t a
s
th
e
i
n
p
u
t o
f
d
r
y
in
g
s
o
lar
p
an
el
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Blo
c
k
d
iag
ra
m
s
y
ste
m
o
f
M
P
P
T
T
h
e
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
in
cr
e
m
en
tal
m
et
h
o
d
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
r
esu
lt
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
as p
r
esen
ted
:
=
−
T
h
e
P
V
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
r
esp
ec
t
iv
el
y
P
,
V
an
d
I
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
el
y
v
o
ltag
e,
c
u
r
r
en
t
an
d
P
V
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
C
h
ia
n
g
et.
al
[
14
]
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
lo
p
e
d
P
/d
V
u
s
e
to
ca
lcu
late
d
ig
i
tal
b
y
s
a
m
p
lin
g
t
h
e
P
V
ar
r
a
y
o
u
tp
u
t c
u
r
r
e
n
t a
n
d
v
o
lta
g
e
at
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
ti
m
e
i
n
ter
v
al
(
n
-
1
)
as sh
o
w
n
b
elo
w
:
w
h
er
e
;
(
)
=
(
)
(
)
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
MP
P
T
w
as
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
an
d
r
ev
ea
l
as
d
ep
i
ct
in
g
r
ap
h
.
2
a
n
d
g
r
ap
h
3
,
t
h
e
in
cr
e
m
en
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
i
n
t
h
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
tep
s
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
i
s
test
i
n
t
w
o
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
ti
m
e
d
u
r
in
g
m
o
r
n
in
g
a
n
d
a
f
ter
n
o
o
n
ti
m
e
w
it
h
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
r
ec
eiv
e
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
g
o
o
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
MP
P
T
s
y
s
te
m
,
w
h
i
ch
is
in
te
g
r
ated
w
ith
t
h
e
s
o
l
ar
d
r
y
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
in
tr
ac
k
in
g
t
h
e
s
o
lar
p
o
s
itio
n
to
ab
s
o
r
b
th
e
r
ad
itio
n
as th
e
in
p
u
t
p
o
w
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
Desig
n
o
f Ma
ximu
m
P
o
w
er P
o
in
t Tr
a
ck
in
g
fo
r
S
o
la
r
C
o
llec
to
r
Dryi
n
g
S
ystem:
A
n
.
.
.
(
S
a
if
u
d
d
in
M.
J
a
lil
)
1801
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
R
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ar
r
ay
o
u
p
u
t (
a)
.
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
at
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
2
0
o
C
(
b
)
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
r
ec
eiv
e
at
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
2
2
o
C
(
c)
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
at
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
2
5
o
C
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
p
o
w
er
d
ep
icted
in
g
r
ap
h
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
o
f
t
h
e
MP
PT
b
eh
av
e
at
th
e
ce
r
tai
n
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
co
n
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
r
i
s
e
d
u
e
to
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
lev
el,
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
o
b
tain
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
n
r
ad
iatio
n
d
u
e
to
d
if
f
er
en
t d
ec
lin
at
io
n
a
n
g
el
o
f
s
o
lar
p
an
el,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
cr
e
m
e
n
t l
ev
el
r
is
e
alo
n
g
w
h
it
h
th
e
en
er
g
y
r
ec
ei
v
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
u
n
li
g
h
t
i
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
tal
u
n
d
er
th
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
o
f
2
0
o
C
,
2
2
o
C
an
d
,
25
o
C
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
g
r
ap
h
o
f
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
e
i
n
cr
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
r
ec
eiv
es
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
u
n
r
ad
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n
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
d
ec
li
n
atio
n
a
n
g
el
w
h
ic
h
is
in
teg
r
ated
w
it
h
t
h
e
MP
PT
test
w
it
h
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
is
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
s
o
lar
r
ad
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n
w
h
ich
is
te
s
ted
u
n
d
er
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
28
o
C
,
30
o
C
an
d
32
o
C
.
A
s
d
ep
icted
in
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
r
ev
ea
l
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
l
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
P
V
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
,
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
c
h
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
c/d
c
co
n
v
er
ter
o
n
l
y
1
KW
/
m
2
[
15
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
I
n
t J
P
o
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i
S
y
s
t
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
1799
–
1
8
0
3
1802
(
d
)
(
e)
(
f
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ar
r
ay
(
d
)
.
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
a
t te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
2
8
o
C
(
e
)
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
r
ec
eiv
e
at
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
3
0
o
C
(
f
)
o
u
tp
u
t p
o
w
er
at
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
3
2
o
C
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
MPPT
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
h
as
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
in
o
b
tain
i
n
g
a
n
in
iti
al
r
esu
lt
o
f
a
b
etter
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
s
o
lar
d
r
y
i
n
g
co
llecto
r
b
ased
o
n
in
te
g
r
ated
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
MP
P
T
,
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
t
h
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
s
in
g
le
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
i
n
g
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
as
th
e
m
ain
l
o
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
l i
n
m
ai
n
tai
n
i
n
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
w
h
o
le
d
r
y
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
s
o
lar
co
llecto
r
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
h
o
w
in
f
ig
u
r
e
2
a
n
d
f
i
g
u
r
e
3
,
MP
PT
is
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
th
at
u
t
ilized
in
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
r
esu
lt o
f
p
o
w
er
r
ec
eiv
e
an
d
v
o
lta
g
e
i
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t c
o
n
d
itio
n
o
f
te
m
p
er
a
tu
r
e.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
lik
e
to
th
a
n
k
Ma
li
k
u
s
s
aleh
U
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
f
o
r
th
e
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
an
d
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
R
esear
ch
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
Hig
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
R
ep
u
b
lic
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia
f
o
r
th
e
r
esear
ch
g
r
an
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
u
n
d
er
th
e
g
r
a
n
t o
f
P
enel
it
ia
n St
ra
t
eg
is
Na
s
io
na
l
No
:
0
4
/UN4
5
.
7
/
P
L
/I
I
/2
0
1
8
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1]
Na
d
ia,
A
.
-
R.
,
N.A
.
M
.
Isa
,
a
n
d
M
.
K.M
.
De
sa
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t,
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:
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[3
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u
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Bu
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:
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-
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[4
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,
S
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n
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JP
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En
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:
p
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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