In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
4, D
e
c
e
m
ber
201
9,
pp.
2190~
21
97
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
4.pp2190-2197
2190
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
Development of smart o
nline pa
rtial discharge monitori
ng
system for medium voltage pow
er cable
A
.
Z
.
A
b
d
u
lla
h
1
,
M
.
I
s
a
2
,
M
.
N. K
.
H
. Roh
an
i
3
, S. A
. S.
Jam
alil
4
,
A
.
N
. N. A
b
d
u
l
lah
5
, N.
Azizan
6
1
,
2,
3,
5
Hi
g
h
Vo
lta
ge Transi
e
n
t
&
I
n
s
u
l
ation
Healt
h
(HV
T
r
ans) Gro
up
,
C
e
n
tre of Excell
e
nce f
o
r Ren
e
wab
l
e E
n
erg
y
(CE
R
E), S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
El
ectrical S
yste
m
En
g
i
ne
e
r
in
g,
U
n
i
ve
r
s
it
i
M
a
l
a
y
sia Perlis
(
UniMA
P
)
, Ma
l
aysi
a
4,
6
F
acul
t
y
En
g
i
n
eerin
g
Techn
o
l
o
g
y
, U
n
i
versit
i
M
a
laysi
a
Per
lis (Uni
MAP
)
,
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
Re
ce
i
v
e
d
A
pr 1,
201
9
Re
vise
d Ju
n 3
0
,
2019
A
c
c
e
pte
d
J
u
l
11,
201
9
Th
is
p
aper
p
resent
s
,
t
he
d
evelo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
sm
art
o
n
li
ne
p
artial
di
sc
h
a
r
g
e
(
P
D)
mo
ni
to
r
i
ng
s
y
s
te
m
fo
r
me
d
i
u
m
v
o
l
ta
g
e
(
MV)
un
de
rg
ro
un
d
p
o
w
e
r
c
a
b
le.
PD
mo
ni
to
r
i
ng
i
s
th
e
h
i
gh
ly
e
f
f
ic
i
e
n
t
t
oo
l
t
o
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
d
egradation
f
o
r
hi
gh
voltag
e
(
HV
)
eq
ui
p
m
ent
in
o
rd
er
t
o
a
v
oi
d
f
a
ilures
or
b
rea
k
do
wn
.
S
e
lect
ion
o
f
i
m
p
ro
ved
tech
nol
og
y
an
d
p
e
rf
orm
a
nce
o
f
P
D
d
e
tectio
n
se
nsor,
ef
f
ecti
v
e
meas
urem
ent
t
echn
i
q
u
e
and
sm
art
u
s
er
f
riend
l
y
of
g
rap
h
i
cal
u
s
e
r
in
terf
ace
(GU
I
)
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
re
c
o
n
t
r
ib
uted
t
o
w
ards
t
h
e
d
evel
opm
en
t
of
e
ffici
en
t
m
o
n
i
t
o
rin
g
s
y
s
tem
.
T
his
p
a
per
ad
dres
ses
t
h
ree
m
a
i
n
a
s
p
ects
wh
ic
h
a
r
e
n
e
e
d
e
d
i
n
c
o
mp
l
e
ting
t
he
m
on
ito
rin
g
s
y
s
te
m.
T
he
y
a
r
e
,
t
he
u
se
o
f
Rogows
k
i
coi
l
(
RC)
a
s
d
e
tect
io
n
s
e
nso
r
,
p
r
ocess
i
n
g
u
nit
u
s
in
g
Alt
e
rra
b
o
ard
and
integrated
w
ith
G
UI
P
D
moni
tori
ng
sys
t
e
m
f
o
r
u
nd
e
r
g
r
ou
nd
c
a
b
le
us
ing
Lab
V
IEW
.
T
he
m
on
it
ori
ng
s
y
ste
m
i
s
co
m
p
ared
t
o
t
h
e
co
nv
e
n
ti
o
n
al
m
e
th
od
with
t
he
P
D
s
i
g
n
al
u
sed
i
s
m
eas
ured
f
ro
m
th
e
real
on-s
i
t
e
m
easu
rem
e
nt
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
a
n
a
l
y
s
e
i
t
s
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
.
T
h
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
i
s
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
i
n
MA
T
L
AB
a
n
d
LabVIE
W
s
o
ft
w
a
re’s
e
nvironm
e
nt
a
nd
t
he
m
aximum
p
eak
o
f
PD
s
igna
l
i
s
e
n
a
b
l
e
d
to
v
ie
w
u
s
i
n
g
G
U
I
wh
ic
h
complet
e
w
i
t
h
the
l
o
cat
ion
info
rma
t
io
n
of
P
D
s
ou
rce.
F
urtherm
o
re,
th
is
p
ap
er
h
as
c
ont
rib
u
t
e
d
t
o
s
ol
ve
t
he
p
robl
em
i
n
sel
ecti
on
th
e
simp
lifi
ed
a
nd
p
ract
ical
a
pp
roach
f
or
P
D
sen
s
o
r
a
nd
m
o
n
ito
ring
sy
st
e
m
.
In
t
h
e
p
ers
p
ecti
v
e
o
f
a
ut
om
a
t
ed
c
o
n
d
i
ti
on
m
onit
o
ri
ng
,
t
hi
s
sm
a
r
t
on
li
ne
P
D
m
o
n
ito
ri
ng
sy
st
em
p
rov
i
d
e
s
a
com
p
let
e
s
ol
u
t
io
n
toward
s
l
a
tes
t
in
du
st
ria
l
r
evol
u
t
io
n
s
K
eyw
ord
s
:
LabVI
E
W
Mo
ni
tori
n
g
sys
tem
Parti
a
l disch
a
r
g
e
Ro
go
wski
coi
l
U
nder
g
r
o
u
nd c
a
b
l
e
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
A
.
Z
.
A
bdu
lla
h
,
S
c
hoo
l
o
f
Ele
c
t
rica
l
S
y
stem
Eng
i
n
eer
ing,
Uni
v
ersi
ti
M
al
ays
i
a P
e
rlis (
UniMAP
),
K
a
m
pus P
auh P
u
tra,
026
00 A
r
au, P
e
r
lis,
Mala
y
s
ia
.
Em
ail:
zaid
i
a
b
du
l
l
a
h
@
u
n
i
m
a
p.
edu.
my
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
Co
ndi
tio
n
mo
ni
t
o
ri
ng
t
e
c
h
nolo
g
y
pl
ay
s
a
maj
o
r
ro
l
e
t
o
k
e
ep
t
h
e
el
e
c
t
r
i
cal
s
u
ppl
y
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
i
n
r
e
l
i
a
ble
opera
tio
n.
T
h
e
e
lec
t
ric
a
l
di
st
r
i
bu
t
i
o
n
ove
r
the
w
o
r
l
d
a
r
e
ope
ra
te
d
at
2
4
h
our
s
and
7
da
ys
a
w
e
e
k
si
m
u
lta
ne
ous
l
y
.
The
r
efore,
v
ario
us
e
le
c
t
ric
a
l
pow
er
c
ompo
ne
n
t
s
fac
e
d
wi
t
h
e
nvi
ro
nmen
t
a
l
st
re
sses
[1
].
Con
d
i
t
i
on
m
o
n
i
t
o
ri
ng
in
p
o
w
er
s
yst
e
m
requ
i
r
es
b
e
s
t
i
n
frastruc
t
u
r
e
o
f
c
o
mpo
n
e
n
ts
a
nd
e
q
u
i
pme
n
t
w
h
ic
h
is
re
l
i
a
b
l
e
wh
en
e
ff
e
c
t
i
v
e
m
ai
nte
n
an
c
e
a
ppl
i
e
d
[2
].
E
a
r
ly
i
nf
orma
t
ion
for
p
o
t
en
t
i
a
l
b
rea
kdo
w
n
i
n
on-
li
ne
m
ode
espec
i
al
ly
f
or
P
D
in
H
V
eq
u
i
pme
n
t
i
s
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
c
r
uc
ia
l
[3]
.
T
her
ef
o
r
e,
t
he
u
t
ili
t
y
p
rov
i
ders
k
e
e
p
on
st
ri
vi
ng
deter
m
i
n
e
solu
ti
o
n
s
t
o
impr
ove
the
r
elia
bi
l
ity
i
n
con
t
inu
i
ty o
f
the p
ow
e
r
s
upp
l
y
[4].
MV
u
nder
g
r
o
u
nd
pow
e
r
cab
l
e
i
s
am
on
g
t
h
e
key
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
in
d
is
t
r
i
bu
t
i
on
ne
tw
orks.
N
o
rm
ally,
t
h
is
c
o
mp
on
en
t
i
s
u
nd
ergoi
ng
s
t
r
e
ss
c
o
ndi
t
i
o
n
in
cl
ud
es
,
el
e
c
t
ric
a
l
,
t
h
erma
l
,
m
e
c
h
ani
cal
a
nd
a
mb
i
e
nt
,
st
re
sse
s
,
t
h
a
t
sign
ifi
can
tl
y
t
o
w
a
r
d
t
o
t
h
e de
gra
d
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
i
t
s
i
ns
u
l
at
i
on [5,
6]
.
Th
e
d
e
g
r
a
d
at
i
o
n
i
n
su
l
a
ti
on
i
n
M
V
und
e
r
g
r
o
und
pow
er
c
ab
le
i
s
hi
g
h
l
y
p
r
ove
n
orig
ina
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
PD
a
c
t
i
v
it
i
e
s.
P
D
i
s
a
l
o
cal
i
z
e
di
sch
a
rg
e
t
h
at
onl
y
p
a
rti
a
l
l
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
e
ve
l
o
pm
e
n
t
o
f
sm
art
o
n
line
par
t
i
al
d
i
sc
ha
r
g
e m
o
n
itor
i
ng system
fo
r m
e
dium
…
(
A
.
Z
.
Abdu
ll
a
h
)
2
191
br
idge
s
t
h
e
in
sula
tio
n
be
tw
e
e
n
t
he
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
a
nd
w
h
ic
h
m
a
y
or
m
ay
n
o
t
o
c
c
ur
a
d
j
ace
nt
t
o
a
c
o
nd
uc
to
r
[7]
.
The
h
i
gh
acc
ur
ac
y
o
f
P
D
mon
i
t
o
r
i
ng
sys
t
e
m
i
s
ne
e
d
e
d
t
o
c
a
pt
ur
e
P
D
a
ctiv
ity
s
inc
e
it
occ
u
rs
i
n
shor
t
d
u
ra
t
i
o
n
of
c
ur
r
e
nt
p
u
l
s
e
s,
nor
ma
lly
f
o
r
onl
y
a
f
e
w
na
nos
ec
o
nds
[
8]
.
R
e
f
er
r
i
ng
t
o
t
h
e
da
t
a
f
r
o
m
[9]
,
P
D
usual
l
y
o
c
c
ur
s
be
f
o
r
e
b
r
e
a
k
d
o
w
n
h
a
ppe
ne
d
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
tha
t
P
D
moni
tor
i
ng
c
an
b
e
a
go
o
d
s
ys
tem
t
o
i
ns
ta
l
l
ed.
T
h
e
dat
a
c
o
lle
c
t
e
d
t
hr
o
ugh
P
D
m
oni
to
r
i
n
g
s
ys
t
e
m
a
l
so
c
a
n
g
ive
a
r
e
al
tim
e
of
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
i
on
sys
t
e
m
h
ealt
h
y.
T
h
u
s,
t
he
r
e
li
a
b
i
lit
y,
e
ff
ic
i
e
nc
y,
e
qu
i
p
m
e
nt
s
af
e
t
y
a
nd
cos
t
c
an
b
e
im
pr
o
ved.
Trad
i
t
i
on
al
m
e
t
hod
i
s u
s
i
ng
off
-
lin
e
mea
s
u
r
eme
n
t
wh
e
r
e
it
w
i
l
l
in
terr
u
p
t
the
nor
ma
l
o
p
era
tio
n.
T
he
r
e
wi
ll
b
e
mo
re
e
c
o
no
mi
cal
,
i
f
t
h
e
e
qui
p
m
en
t
c
a
n
b
e
t
e
st
ed
w
i
t
h
out
i
n
t
er
r
u
pt
t
he
w
h
o
le
s
ys
tem
.
T
hus,
o
n
l
i
ne
P
D
m
oni
tor
i
ng
i
s
the
b
e
st
w
ay
t
o
e
n
sur
e
t
he
p
er
for
m
a
n
ce
o
f
P
D
ana
l
y
s
is
e
fficiently
[10].
Th
e
real
-
t
ime
P
D
m
oni
tor
i
ng
a
n
d
act
i
v
i
t
y
usi
n
g
s
i
m
u
la
t
i
on
L
a
bV
I
E
W
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
i
s
us
e
d
f
or
f
u
r
the
r
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
d
[
1
1]
.
The
bi
gge
st
a
dva
n
t
age
of
a
G
UI
i
s
tha
t
i
t
w
o
r
k
s
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
p
r
i
or
k
n
o
w
l
e
dge
a
nd
i
t
is
t
he
m
ost
i
m
por
tan
t
a
s
p
ec
t
for
any
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
[1
2
-
14].
Cur
r
ent
l
y,
c
o
nve
n
tio
na
l
P
D
s
ens
o
r
ar
e
satura
ted,
b
i
g
s
iz
e,
b
u
l
k
y,
l
ow
s
e
n
siti
v
ity
a
nd
h
i
g
h
c
os
t
s
u
c
h
a
s
H
ig
h
F
r
equ
e
nc
y
Cur
r
ent
Tr
a
n
sf
or
m
e
r
(H
F
C
T)
a
nd
C
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
Capa
c
itor
(
C
C
)
c
om
par
e
d
to
R
ogo
w
s
ki
c
o
i
l
(
R
C)
[
15]
.
PD
acti
v
i
t
y
wi
l
l
b
e
m
easur
ed
t
hr
u
curr
ent
p
u
l
se
w
hen
R
C
i
s
p
l
a
c
e
d
a
r
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
c
a
b
l
e
w
i
t
h
s
u
p
p
l
y
m
a
ke
it
c
o
nve
nie
n
t
t
o
u
se
[
16]
.
W
h
ile
d
u
r
i
n
g
o
n
-
lin
e
m
e
a
s
ur
em
en
t
a
l
so
h
av
e
l
i
mi
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
u
c
h
as
n
ee
d
m
a
nua
ll
y
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
n
g
data
a
n
d
r
e
qu
ir
e
a
l
o
t
o
f
tim
e
a
n
d
h
u
ma
n
f
o
rce
[17
-
20
].
T
h
e
ref
o
re,
in
t
h
i
s
p
a
per,
a
n
a
t
te
mp
t
is
m
ad
e
to
d
e
v
e
l
op
a
sm
ar
t
on
l
i
ne
p
artia
l
d
i
sc
har
g
e
mon
it
or
i
n
g
sys
t
em
f
or
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
ge
u
nde
r
g
r
o
un
d
c
a
ble
com
p
le
t
e
w
it
h
har
d
w
a
r
e
a
nd
gr
ap
h
i
ca
l
use
r
i
n
t
e
r
fac
e
(
G
U
I
)
.
T
h
e
p
e
ak
d
et
e
c
t
o
r
a
n
d
t
h
r
e
sho
l
di
ng
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
w
e
r
e
a
u
se
d
a
n
d
i
n
d
i
c
a
te
g
ood
r
e
su
lt
c
o
mpa
r
e
to
o
ther
s,
2.
RESEARCH METHODS
Th
is
m
on
itor
i
ng
sys
t
em
i
s
deve
l
ope
d
bas
e
d
o
n
t
he
c
o
m
bina
t
i
o
n
o
f
h
ar
dw
ar
e
,
s
oft
w
ar
e
a
nd
P
D
m
e
a
s
ur
em
ent
s
e
t
u
p a
t
o
n-
si
te.
The
R
C
i
s use
d
as
a
m
e
a
s
ur
i
ng sen
sor
for
t
h
e
m
e
a
s
ur
em
ent.
F
i
gur
e
1 s
h
ow
s t
h
e
c
o
mple
te
d
ia
gr
a
m
f
or
P
D
moni
t
o
r
i
ng
s
yste
m
at
M
V
dis
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
ne
t
w
o
r
k
sy
s
t
em
.
T
h
e
s
y
st
em
i
s
c
o
m
p
r
i
sed
wit
h
t
hree
R
C
sens
ors,
l
a
b
e
l
le
d
as
RC
se
t
A,
R
C
se
t
B
a
nd
RC
se
t
C
,
l
oope
d
al
o
n
g
5
k
m
pow
e
r
c
a
b
le
.
Ea
ch
R
C
i
s
inte
gr
at
ed
w
i
t
h
na
no
5
w
h
i
c
h
is
a
b
l
e
to
t
r
a
nsmi
t
dat
a
t
o
t
he
s
er
ve
r
or
c
lo
u
d
.
The
n
,
moni
t
o
r
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
us
in
g
G
U
I
w
hic
h
i
s u
nder
La
bV
I
E
W i
n
t
e
r
f
a
ce w
i
l
l
alw
a
y
s
w
o
r
k
in
rea
l
time
at
m
a
i
n
t
en
an
ce
o
ffi
c
e
t
h
r
u
Wi
-Fi
c
o
n
n
ec
ti
o
n
t
o
r
ece
iv
e
an
d
pr
o
c
ess
the
da
ta
f
r
o
m
m
e
a
s
ur
in
g
se
ns
o
rs.
The
P
D
a
c
tiv
it
y
usu
a
lly
s
tart
w
i
t
h
sma
l
l
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
a
n
d
e
xpa
n
d
r
ap
id
l
y
i
f
t
h
ere
a
r
e
n
o
preve
n
ti
on
act
io
n
ta
ken
a
n
d
w
i
l
l
e
nd
u
p
w
i
t
h
f
a
u
lt
o
r
br
e
a
kd
ow
n
in
t
he
w
ho
le
s
ys
tem
.
T
her
e
fo
r
e
,
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
ng
p
r
o
c
e
dur
e
mus
t
b
e
pe
r
f
or
me
d
in
r
ea
l
t
i
m
e
i
n
or
der
to
d
e
t
er
m
i
ne
t
h
e
a
c
t
u
a
l
c
on
di
ti
o
n
of
po
w
er
c
a
b
l
e
.
F
i
gur
e
1.
D
iagr
a
m
o
f
w
i
r
e
less P
D
m
onit
o
r
i
ng
s
yst
e
m
usin
g
RC
sen
so
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w El
ec &
D
ri S
y
s
t
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 4
,
D
e
c
2
0
19
:
2
190
–
2
197
2
192
2.
1.
Sensor
s
for
Part
ial D
e
te
ction
(PD)
De
t
ec
tion
Tab
l
e1
r
epr
e
se
nt
s
the
c
o
m
p
ar
is
on
be
tw
e
e
n
di
ff
er
e
n
t
t
ype
o
f
m
e
a
s
ur
i
n
g
s
e
nsor
s
for
P
D
d
e
t
e
c
t
ion.
I
t
show
s
tha
t
t
he
e
le
ctr
o
m
a
gne
t
i
c
de
t
e
c
t
i
on
usin
g
m
o
dif
i
e
d
RC
ad
dr
ess
ma
ny
a
d
van
t
a
g
e
s
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
p
r
i
ce
,
w
e
ight,
per
f
or
m
a
nc
e
a
nd
i
n
sta
l
l
a
ti
on
me
t
h
o
d
c
om
par
e
d
t
o
t
he
H
F
C
T
a
nd
C
C
s
ens
o
r
s
[2
1,
22]
.
Tab
l
e
1.
C
om
p
a
r
i
so
n
betw
e
e
n
s
e
n
sor
for
par
tia
l
d
i
sc
har
g
e
d
e
te
ct
io
n.
P
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
C
oupling
C
a
p
a
c
ito
r
(C
C
)
H
F
C
T
Modifie
d
R
C
Price
Ve
r
y
e
xp
e
n
si
ve
(
>R
M50k)
E
x
p
e
n
sive
(
>
R
M
3K
)
Me
diu
m
(
2.
5
kg)
Hi
gh
Sa
f
e
l
y
u
s
e
d
C
h
ea
p
e
r
(
R
M
300)
L
i
ght
(0.
110
k
g
)
H
i
gh
Ea
sy a
nd sa
f
e
l
y
us
e
d
We
ight
Pe
rfor
m
a
n
ce
I
n
st
a
lla
t
i
on
H
eav
y (
3
.7
k
g
)
Hi
gh
Re
qui
r
e
j
u
m
p
e
r a
n
d
di
r
e
c
t
co
n
t
act
to
c
a
b
l
e
2.
2.
Part
i
a
l
Di
sc
har
g
e
(
P
D) D
ete
c
tion
Tech
niqu
e
A
f
a
ult
d
e
t
e
c
tio
n
t
e
chni
qu
e
was
d
e
v
e
lop
e
d
in
o
rd
e
r
t
o
i
m
p
r
ov
e
a
ccu
rac
y
a
nd
a
t
lo
wer
co
st
.
Th
e
p
e
ak
de
t
e
c
t
i
on
f
l
ow
u
n
d
er
p
r
o
ce
ssin
g
u
n
it
is
a
s
s
how
n
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
2.
T
he
p
r
o
ce
ssi
ng
f
l
ow
i
s
star
te
d
w
i
t
h
d
e
t
ec
t
i
o
n
c
o
u
n
te
r in
t
e
r
m
of pea
k val
u
e
set
tin
g versu
s
t
im
e in Al
t
e
rra
bo
ar
d. The P
D si
gna
l will be
de
c
lare
d oc
c
u
r when
the
pe
ak
s
igna
l
is
m
or
e
than
t
hr
e
s
hol
d
va
l
u
e
se
t
in
t
he
p
r
o
c
e
ss
ing
un
i
t
.
The
pr
ocess
is
a
ls
o
co
nf
ir
m
e
d
by
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
u
n
i
t
[2
3,
24]
.
Thi
s
d
e
t
ec
ti
on
a
p
pl
i
e
d
the
c
onc
e
p
t
of
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
tin
g
l
o
w
vol
ta
ge
s
i
g
n
a
l
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
3.
F
ina
l
l
y
,
t
h
e
da
ta
i
s
se
n
t
t
o
t
h
e
c
l
ou
d
thr
o
ug
h
W
i
-
F
i.
H
ence
,
t
h
e
AD
C
t
opo
l
o
gy
i
s
a
nov
el
by
im
pl
e
m
e
n
t
i
ng in
w
ir
e
l
e
s
s RC
sens
o
r
deve
l
o
p
m
ent
ba
se
d
o
n
P
D
dete
cti
on
t
echn
i
que
a
nd b
e
c
o
me
t
he
p
r
e
f
e
r
r
ed
so
lu
tio
n
[1
9].
F
i
gur
e
2.
F
low
c
h
ar
t
of
P
D
dete
ct
ion
pr
oce
ss.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
e
ve
l
o
pm
e
n
t
o
f
sm
art
o
n
line
par
t
i
al
d
i
sc
ha
r
g
e m
o
n
itor
i
ng system
fo
r m
e
dium
…
(
A
.
Z
.
Abdu
ll
a
h
)
2
193
F
i
gur
e
3.
P
e
a
k de
tec
t
or
a
nd
t
h
r
e
shold
i
ng
te
c
h
niq
u
e
On
c
e
p
ea
k
si
gn
a
l
w
a
s
d
e
t
ec
te
d
,
t
h
e
re
m
at
hemat
i
cal
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
s
i
n
(
1)
(
2)
(
3)
and
(
4
)
w
a
s
use
d
t
o
sim
u
la
t
e
t
he
e
xact
s
igna
l
t
o
f
ulf
i
l
P
D
c
ha
r
a
c
t
er
ist
i
c
an
d
the
n
use
f
o
r
P
D
l
oc
aliza
t
io
n
a
n
a
l
ys
i
s
[
25]
.
The
di
ffere
n
t
tim
e
a
rrivals
b
e
t
we
en
s
e
n
s
o
r
A
a
n
d
B
is
r
e
p
rese
nt
e
d
b
y
t
ab
,
a
n
d
be
t
w
ee
n
se
nsor
B
a
n
d
se
nsor
C
i
s
re
p
r
es
en
t
e
d
by
t
cb
r
espe
ct
ive
l
y
.
(
1
)
(
2
)
1
(
3
)
(
4
)
wh
ere
A
i
s
0.
01ma
g
n
itu
de
c
o
e
ff
icie
n
t
a
1
=
1
M
s
-1
,
a
2
=
10M
s
-1
,
φt
a
n
w
a
,
w
d
=
2
,
f
d
=
1
M
H
z
2.
3.
Grap
h
i
ca
l
U
s
e
r
I
n
t
er
f
a
ce
(
GU
I)
f
or
P
art
i
al
D
isc
h
ar
g
e
M
on
i
torin
g
Syst
em
F
i
gur
e
4
sh
ow
s
t
h
e
in
te
r
n
al
b
l
o
c
k
d
ia
gr
am
o
f
P
D
m
on
i
t
o
r
i
ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
u
n
d
er
L
a
b
VIEW
s
oftwar
e
en
vi
ron
m
en
t
.
S
ev
e
r
al
t
yp
es
o
f
g
r
a
phi
c
a
l
fun
c
tio
ns
w
e
r
e
use
d
,
s
u
ch
a
s
f
o
rm
u
l
a
wa
v
e
fo
rm
v
i
,
s
u
b
t
r
a
c
tio
n
a
n
d
m
u
lti
pl
ica
t
io
n,
e
xp
o
n
en
t
i
al,
s
p
ec
tra
l
m
e
a
sure
me
nt
v
i
to
c
o
m
plet
e
t
h
e
circ
uit
c
o
n
n
e
c
tio
n.
Bes
ides,
t
h
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
in
p
u
t
from
m
easur
em
ent
of
s
ens
o
r
A,B,
C
will
ana
l
yse
a
nd
perf
orm
u
si
ng
a
l
gor
it
hm
t
o
pr
o
d
u
ce
si
gn
a
l
t
ha
t
gi
ve
P
D
si
gna
l
w
ith
t
he
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
p
e
a
k.
F
i
gur
e
4.
B
loc
k
d
ia
gr
a
m
o
f
PD
m
oni
t
o
r
i
ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
2.
4.
Hardware
Deve
l
o
p
m
en
t for
Pa
rtia
l Disch
a
r
g
e
(PD) Mon
itorin
g
S
y
s
t
e
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N: 2
0
8
8
-
86
94
I
n
t
J Po
w El
ec &
D
ri S
y
s
t
Vo
l. 1
0
,
No
. 4
,
D
e
c
2
0
19
:
2
190
–
2
197
2
194
F
i
gur
e
5(
a)
s
how
s
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
le
te
o
f
P
D
m
onit
o
r
i
ng
s
y
st
e
m
h
ar
dw
a
r
e
f
or
11
k
V
p
ow
er
cable
.
T
h
e
me
asu
r
in
g
se
n
s
o
r
d
e
v
e
l
op
ed
can
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
power
c
a
b
l
e
size
up
to
1
80
m
m
2
.
While
F
ig
ur
e
5(
b)
r
e
pr
e
s
e
n
ts
t
he
s
chem
at
ic
d
ia
g
r
am
f
or
t
he
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
ng
sys
t
e
m
d
e
v
e
lo
pe
d.
R
C
se
ns
or
i
s
t
h
e
ma
i
n
c
om
p
o
n
en
t
f
o
r
the
P
D
d
e
t
ec
t
i
o
n
c
i
r
c
ui
t.
a
n
d
the
A
lter
a
D
E2-1
15
b
oard
s
yste
m
f
or
t
he
p
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
un
it
.
T
h
e
na
no
5
un
i
t
i
s
in
te
gr
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
e
a
c
h
RC
se
nsor
i
n
or
de
r
t
o
t
r
a
nsmi
t
si
g
n
al
t
hr
o
ug
h
Wi-
F
i
t
o
t
he
c
l
o
ud.
T
he
a
l
g
or
i
t
hm
i
s
in
te
gr
a
t
e
d
on
A
lter
r
a
boar
d
w
hic
h
c
om
p
l
e
t
e
w
ith
P
D
pe
ak
d
e
t
ec
t
o
r
,
a
n
a
l
ogu
e
to
d
igi
t
a
l
co
nv
e
r
sion
a
nd
W
i
-
Fi
r
ece
i
v
e
r
.
(a)
(b
)
F
i
gur
e
5.
(
a
)
S
m
a
r
t
online
P
D
m
on
it
or
i
n
g
sy
stem
h
ar
dw
ar
e
,
(
b)
S
c
h
em
atic dia
gr
am
.
3.
RESU
L
T
S
A
ND ANALY
S
IS
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
s
how
s
t
h
e
a
c
t
ua
l
P
D
s
i
g
na
l
w
a
ve
f
o
r
m
m
e
a
sur
e
d
u
s
in
g
R
C
a
t
s
ite.
Mea
n
wh
ile
F
ig
ure
7
s
h
o
w
s
the
pea
k
vo
l
tag
e
of the
h
i
ghes
t
P
D
signa
l me
asur
e
d
f
r
o
m t
h
e
m
e
a
surem
e
nt. This
w
a
v
efor
m is ca
p
tur
e
d b
y
RC
a
nd
t
r
imm
e
d
b
y
t
he
p
r
o
ce
ssi
n
g
u
ni
t
in
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
ide
n
ti
fy
t
he
P
D
signa
l.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
ss
in
g
u
n
i
t
h
e
l
ps
t
o
ide
n
t
i
f
y
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
st
P
D
si
gn
al
b
e
cau
se
t
h
e
p
eak
s
i
g
n
a
l
i
s
s
et
t
o
t
r
ig
g
e
r
e
d
a
t
cert
a
in
l
e
v
e
l
,
sy
st
em
m
ak
e
ea
si
e
r
t
o
id
entify
th
e
high
e
s
t
P
D
sign
al. T
he se
l
ec
t
i
o
n
of N-b
i
t re
solu
ti
on
v
a
l
u
e
resul
t
i
s
0
.
029
V
.
Th
en
, Fig
u
r
e 8
s
h
o
w
s
the
c
o
n
v
er
si
o
n
from
ana
l
og
u
e
s
ig
nal
to
d
i
g
it
a
l
w
ave
f
orm
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
,
the
hi
gher
r
e
sol
u
t
i
ons
h
a
v
e
a
be
tt
e
r
i
n
m
i
ni
m
u
m
dig
i
t
a
l
vol
ta
ge
,
b
u
t
i
t
i
s
d
i
f
f
ic
u
l
t
t
o
i
de
n
t
i
f
y
the
gr
ea
t
e
s
t
p
e
a
k
v
olta
ge
due
t
o
the
val
u
e
is
r
ea
l
l
y
c
l
o
s
e
,
c
om
par
e
d
w
i
t
h
1
6-
bit
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
r
e
s
o
lu
ti
ons.
T
h
e
ana
l
o
g
s
i
g
n
a
l
a
n
d
d
i
gi
ta
l
s
i
gna
l
i
s
c
o
m
par
e
d
i
n
t
e
r
m
of
the
ma
xi
m
u
m
peak
s
i
g
nal
b
y
f
o
llow
i
n
g
(
4)
w
her
e
,
the
ou
tpu
t
o
f
A
lte
r
a
D
E
0
-
n
an
o
b
o
a
r
d
is
3
.
3
V
.
Ba
sed
o
n
the
r
e
su
lt
s
pr
es
ente
d,
it
is
c
on
c
l
u
d
e
tha
t
l
ow
r
esolut
i
o
n
s
h
a
s
hi
g
h
er
n
um
be
r
of
s
am
p
l
e
s
w
hi
c
h
m
or
e
a
c
c
u
r
a
te
in
t
e
r
m
of
t
he
s
am
pli
ng
signa
l.
F
i
gur
e
6.
P
D
signa
l
m
easur
ed
f
r
o
m
on-
si
te
m
ea
sur
e
m
e
nt
u
s
i
ng
RC
Fi
g
u
re
7
.
Pe
ak
P
D
p
u
l
s
e
f
ro
m
o
n
-
si
t
e
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
me
n
t
0.
06
0.
04
0.
02
0
X
:
3
.
35e-06
Y:
0
.
029
X
:
3
.
35e-05
Y:
0
.
029
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
e
ve
l
o
pm
e
n
t
o
f
sm
art
o
n
line
par
t
i
al
d
i
sc
ha
r
g
e m
o
n
itor
i
ng system
fo
r m
e
dium
…
(
A
.
Z
.
Abdu
ll
a
h
)
2
195
F
i
gur
e
8.
4
-
b
it
r
e
sol
u
ti
on
sa
mpl
i
ng
s
i
g
n
a
l
f
or
P
D
m
ea
sur
e
ment
F
i
gur
e
9
r
e
pr
ese
n
t
s
,
the
c
o
mple
te
G
U
I
f
or
s
m
a
r
t
o
n
line
P
D
m
oni
t
or
in
g
sys
t
e
m
w
her
e
it
ca
pa
bl
e
t
o
shows
the
de
te
cted
o
n
l
i
n
e
P
D
s
ig
nal
in
r
e
a
l
tim
e
c
o
n
d
it
i
on
depe
nd
on
t
h
ree
lo
c
a
t
e
d
R
C
s
e
n
so
r
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
di
sta
n
ce
o
f
P
D
s
i
gna
l
de
t
e
ct
e
d
w
as
a
ut
oma
t
ed
c
a
l
cu
la
te
a
nd in
d
i
c
a
te
i
n
t
h
is pla
t
f
orm
.
Re
su
l
t
i
ndic
a
t
es
t
ha
t
t
h
e
p
e
a
k
a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
o
f
P
D
s
i
g
n
a
l
w
i
t
h
i
n
4
.
3
m
e
t
r
e
d
e
t
e
c
t
e
d
a
l
o
n
g
5
k
m
1
1
k
V
p
o
w
e
r
c
a
b
l
e
.
A
l
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
in
d
i
cat
e
seve
r
a
l
d
i
ff
er
e
n
t
in
t
er
m
of
p
ea
k
a
m
pli
t
ude
,
bu
t
the
f
i
gure
of
p
eak
a
n
d
v
a
l
ue
s
t
ill
sig
n
i
fica
nt
t
o
be
use
d
.
Thr
e
e
e
x
act
l
oca
t
io
n
of
t
he
P
D
is
d
i
s
pl
aye
d
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
ua
l
l
y
de
pen
d
o
n
se
ns
or
A
,
B
an
d
C
l
o
ca
te
d
at
pow
e
r
c
a
ble.
C
om
pa
r
i
s
on
be
tw
e
e
n
thr
ee
sens
or
l
o
cati
o
n
in
d
i
ca
t
e
d
tha
t
the
near
e
s
t
P
D
s
i
gna
l
i
s
e
xi
st
a
t
1.
3-
me
t
e
r
form
s
ens
o
r
B.
N
e
x
t
,
t
he
m
ai
nte
n
a
n
ce
un
i
t
c
an
eas
il
y
pe
rfo
r
m
th
eir
tas
k
t
o
s
o
l
v
e
t
h
is
p
rob
l
em
.
There
f
ore
,
t
he
f
easi
b
ili
t
y
a
nd
val
i
d
it
y
of
t
h
i
s
m
onit
o
r
i
ng
sy
s
t
em
w
e
r
e
ver
i
fi
e
d
thr
o
u
g
h
r
e
a
l
on-
si
te
m
e
a
sur
e
me
nt
.
F
i
gur
e
9.
T
he
c
omple
t
e
G
U
I
o
f
on
line
P
D
m
onit
o
r
i
ng
sy
ste
m
4.
CONCLUSION
Th
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
r
e
se
nts
t
h
e
deve
lopm
en
t
of
s
m
a
r
t
o
n
l
ine
P
D
m
on
i
t
or
i
n
g
s
ys
t
e
m
f
o
r
m
e
dium
v
o
l
tage
p
ow
er
ca
b
l
e
.
T
h
e
R
C
sen
s
o
r
’s
d
ev
el
op
ed
f
un
cti
on
a
s
a
p
o
w
erf
u
l
co
mp
on
e
n
t
f
or
P
D
d
e
t
e
c
t
ion
was
e
m
p
l
oy
ed
w
i
t
h
w
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
u
s
i
n
g
r
a
s
p
b
e
r
r
y
p
i
a
n
d
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
e
d
b
y
s
m
a
r
t
i
n
t
e
r
f
ace
u
s
i
n
g
L
a
b
V
I
EW
m
aki
n
g
the
system
va
lua
b
l
e
f
or
o
n-
l
i
ne
o
f
a
pow
er
c
able.
I
t
s
how
s
tha
t
t
he
P
D
sig
na
l
i
n
p
ower
c
able
c
a
n
b
e
de
te
c
t
ed
b
y
t
h
e
RC
se
n
s
or
a
n
d
n
o
t
i
f
y
t
h
e
user
o
r
ut
i
l
i
t
y
w
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
l
y
by
th
e
m
onit
o
r
i
ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
F
i
nall
y,
t
he
a
pp
lica
t
i
on
o
f
s
m
a
r
t
on
l
i
ne
P
D
mo
ni
t
o
r
i
ng
c
a
n
b
e
a
p
p
lie
d
a
n
d
w
i
l
l
h
e
l
p
to
i
m
p
r
ove
t
h
e
c
a
p
ab
i
lit
y
o
f
P
D
dete
c
t
i
o
n
in
t
he
m
e
d
ium
vo
l
t
age
p
o
wer
ca
bl
e
.
ACKNOWLEDGE
ME
N
T
S
The
a
u
th
or
s
gr
atef
u
l
l
y
a
c
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
ge
U
n
i
ve
r
s
i
t
i
Mala
ys
ia
P
e
r
lis
(
Un
iM
AP)
fo
r
t
h
e
equi
p
m
ent
sup
p
o
r
t
,
Rese
a
r
c
h
M
a
nage
m
e
nt
C
e
n
tr
e,
U
ni
M
A
P
thr
o
ug
h
r
e
se
ar
c
h
g
r
an
t
o
f
I
nter
nal
Sos
i
a
l
P
r
o
j
e
ct
V
ia
Rese
a
r
c
h
(
I
N
S
P
I
RE)
90
01-
0
0
5
8
1
f
or
f
i
n
an
c
i
a
l
s
u
p
por
t
a
nd
to
t
he
Mini
st
ry
o
f
Hi
gh
er
E
d
u
cati
o
n
for
t
h
ei
r
su
ppo
rt
th
r
ou
gh
t
h
e
S
LAB
sc
h
e
me
.
REFERE
NC
E
S
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN: 2088-
8694
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dr
i
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 :
2
1
9
0
– 2
197
2
196
[
1
]
M
.
H
.
J
o
p
r
i
,
A
.
R
.
A
b
d
u
l
l
a
h
,
T
.
S
u
t
i
k
n
o
,
M
.
M
a
n
a
p
,
M
.
R
.
A
.
G
h
a
ni
,
an
d
M
.
R
.
Y
u
s
o
ff
,
“
A
C
ri
tical
R
eview
o
f
Tim
e
-f
req
u
ency
D
i
s
t
r
ib
ution
A
n
al
ysis
f
or
D
e
t
ect
ion
an
d
Cl
ass
i
fi
cat
io
n
of
H
a
r
m
oni
c
Sig
n
al
i
n
P
o
wer
D
i
st
rib
u
tio
n
Sy
st
e
m
,”
In
ter
n
a
t
i
onal Jou
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
ectrical
a
n
d
Co
mp
ut
er En
g
i
n
eeri
ng
(
I
JECE)
,
vol.
8,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
46
03
–4
6
1
8,
201
8.
[2]
M.
S
hafiq
,
L
.
K
u
tt,
M
.
L
ehton
e
n,
T
.
Niemin
en,
an
d
M
.
H
ashm
i
,
“
P
aram
eters
i
d
en
tificati
o
n
and
mo
delin
g
of
h
igh-
freq
u
en
cy cu
rren
t
trans
du
cer f
or p
arti
al d
is
charge
m
eas
urem
ent
s
,”
IE
EE Se
ns. J
.
,
vol
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
10
8
1
-
1
0
9
1
,
2013.
[3]
L.
R
enf
o
rth,
R
.
Giuss
a
ni,
M.
T
.
M
e
nd
iola,
an
d
L
.
D
od
d,
“
O
n
-
Line
P
artial
Disch
a
rg
e
Ins
u
l
a
ti
on
Cond
itio
n
M
o
nitoring
of
C
o
mpl
e
te
H
igh Vol
t
age Ne
t
w
orks
,
”
IE
EE T
r
an
s. I
n
d
.
Ap
pl
.
,
v
o
l
.
9
99
4, n
o.
c,
p
p
. 1
–9
,
2
0
1
8
.
[
4
]
R
.
N
.
W
u
a
n
d
C
.
K
.
C
h
a
n
g
,
“
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
a
r
t
i
a
l
d
i
s
c
h
a
r
g
e
s
a
s
a
n
o
n
l
i
n
e
m
o
n
ito
rin
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
f
o
r
underg
rou
nd
cab
l
e
j
o
in
ts
,
”
I
E
EE Trans
. P
o
wer
Deliv.
,
vo
l
.
2
6,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
585
–1
59
1
,
201
1.
[5
]
G.
C
.
Mo
n
t
anari
,
D
.
Fab
i
an
i,
P
.
Mo
rshu
is,
an
d
L
.
D
issad
o
,
“
W
hy
resi
du
al
l
if
e
estim
a
ti
on
a
nd
m
ai
n
t
e
n
ance
st
ra
t
e
gi
es
fo
r
e
l
ectri
cal
i
n
s
u
l
atio
n
syst
e
m
s
hav
e
t
o
rely
upon
co
ndi
ti
on
m
on
itor
in
g,”
IEE
E
Tra
n
s
.
D
i
electr.
El
ectr
.
In
sul.
,
v
o
l
.
23,
n
o
.
3
,
pp
.
1
3
7
5
–
138
5,
2
0
16.
[6]
C.
S
um
ereder
a
nd
M
.
M
uh
r,
“
E
s
tim
ati
o
n
of
R
es
id
ual
Lif
e
tim
e
–
T
h
eo
ry
a
n
d
P
racti
cal
P
ro
bl
e
m
s,”
v
o
l
.
1
,
no
.
No
vemb
er, pp
.
1
–6
,
2
0
0
5
.
[7]
Mu
zam
ir
I
sa,
“Part
i
al
D
is
charge
L
ocati
o
n
Techn
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
Co
ve
re
d-
C
on
d
u
c
t
or
O
v
e
rhe
a
d
D
istr
ibu
tio
n
Lin
e
s,
”
Aa
l
t
o
Uni
v
ersit
y
, 2013
.
[8]
P.
M
ulroy,
A
.
Hurtado,
a
nd
D.
B
ad
etz,
“
On-lin
e
p
a
rtial
d
i
s
c
h
a
rg
e
m
o
n
i
t
o
ri
ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
f
o
r
distrib
u
tio
n
netw
ork
s
,
”
Pro
c
. 2
0
1
2
IE
EE
In
t.
Con
f
.
Co
n
d
.
M
onit.
Di
ag
n
o
sis,
C.
20
12
,
no.
S
eptem
b
er,
pp
.
54
2–
54
5,
2
01
2.
[9]
D. A
. G
e
nutis, “N
eta W
o
rld
-
Usi
n
g
P
D su
rveys
to i
ncrease
ele
ctrical rel
iabili
ty,” 200
1.
[10
]
M
.
S
h
afi
q
,
G.
A
.
H
u
s
s
ain
,
L
.
Kü
tt,
N
.
I.
E
l
k
alas
h
y
,
an
d
M
.
L
e
h
to
ne
n,
“
Pa
rtia
l
di
sc
ha
rg
e
d
i
a
g
n
o
sti
c
s
y
s
te
m
fo
r
sm
a
r
t
distri
buti
on
n
e
two
r
ks
u
si
ng
directi
o
n
a
lly
c
alib
rated
i
n
d
u
cti
o
n
s
e
ns
ors,
”
E
l
e
c
tr.
Po
w
e
r Syst
. Res.
,
vo
l.
1
19
,
pp.
4
4
7
-4
61,
2015
.
[1
1]
S
.
H.
K
.
Hamad
i
et al
.
,
“
M
od
e
llin
g
o
f
part
ial
disc
h
a
rge
si
gn
al
a
nd
n
oi
se
i
n
t
erf
e
rence
u
s
i
n
g
l
a
b
v
i
e
w
,
”
IEE
E
Stude
n
t
Conf
. R
e
s.
Dev.
In
sp
iri
ng T
echn
o
l
.
Human
it.
SC
OR
eD 2017
-
P
r
oc.
,
v
o
l
.
2
018
–J
a
n
u
a
,
p
p
.
4
51
–455,
2
0
1
8
.
[12
]
H
.
N.
M
oh
d
Shah
et al.
,
“D
evel
op
a
nd
i
m
p
l
e
me
n
t
at
io
n
o
f
P
C
bas
e
d
cont
rol
l
er
f
o
r
h
u
m
an
o
id
r
obot
u
sing
d
igital
pot
entiome
ter,”
In
do
nesi
an
Jou
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
ectr
i
ca
l
En
gi
neer
ing a
n
d
Comp
u
t
er S
c
ience
, v
ol. 1
5,
n
o.
1
, p.
10
4
, 2
01
9.
[1
3]
N
.
A.
S
al
im,
H
.
M
oh
amad
,
Z.
M
.
Yas
i
n
,
N
.
F
a
dilah,
a
n
d
A
.
A
ziz,
“
G
r
aph
i
cal
u
ser
i
n
t
e
rf
a
ce
b
a
sed
mo
del
f
o
r
trans
m
issi
on
l
i
n
e
p
e
rfo
rm
ance i
m
pl
e
m
en
tation i
n
p
ow
er sy
s
tem
,
”
vo
l.
16,
n
o
.
1
,
pp.
9
2–
10
0,
2
01
9.
[14
]
N
.
T
e
lagam
,
S
.
Laks
hmi
,
a
nd
K
.
N
e
hru
,
“
Ber
analy
s
is
o
f
con
ca
t
e
nat
e
d
lev
e
ls
o
f
en
c
o
di
ng
i
n
GFDM
s
ystem
u
s
ing
labview,”
Ind
onesi
an
Jou
r
nal
o
f
Elect
ri
cal
En
gi
n
eeri
n
g
an
d Comp
ut
er S
c
ience
,
v
o
l.
14
, n
o.
1,
p
p
.
8
0
–
9
1
, 2
01
9.
[
1
5
]
M
.
N
.
K
.
H
.
R
o
h
a
n
i
et a
l
.
,
“Evaluation
o
f
R
ogo
w
ski
c
o
i
l
s
e
n
so
r
p
e
rform
a
nc
e
usin
g
EM
TP-
A
T
P
s
o
ft
ware,”
i
n
20
16
3rd
Int
e
rn
a
tio
nal Confer
ence o
n
E
l
ect
ronic Desi
g
n
,
ICED
20
16
, 2
0
1
7
, pp
. 4
46
–4
5
1
.
[16
]
R
.
Sch
w
arz
and
M.
M
u
h
r,
“
M
odern
t
echno
lo
gi
es
i
n
optical
p
a
rti
a
l
disch
a
rge
det
e
cti
on,
”
An
nu
.
Re
p
.
-
C
o
nf
.
E
l
e
c
t
r
.
Insu
l. D
i
electr.
P
h
eno
m
en
a,
CEIDP
,
pp
.
16
3–
16
6, 2
00
7.
[1
7]
A
.
Z.
A
bd
u
llah,
M
.
I
s
a,
S
.
N.
M
.
Arshad
,
M.
N
.
K.
H
.
Ro
han
i
,
a
n
d
H
.
S.
A
.
Ha
lim
,
“W
ave
l
et
B
a
s
ed
D
e-N
o
is
in
g
f
o
r
On-S
ite
P
artial
D
is
charge
M
easurem
en
t
S
i
gn
a
l
,”
Ind
o
n
e
s. J.
E
l
ect
r. En
g
.
Comput
. Sci.
,
v
o
l
.
11,
n
o
.
1
,
pp.
7
–
1
5,
201
9.
[18
]
A
.
Z
.
A
b
dull
a
h
and
M
.
I
s
a
,
“
M
odel
l
i
n
g
of
P
arti
al
D
is
charge
M
eas
urem
ent
Us
ing
Rog
o
wski
Coil
A
s
N
ew
Ap
pro
ach,” in
e
P
r
o
ceed
in
gs
Nati
on
al Inn
o
va
tio
n
and
Inven
ti
on Com
p
etiti
o
n
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
Exh
i
b
iti
on 2
0
18
, 20
1
8
.
[
1
9
]
M
.
N
.
K
.
H
.
R
o
h
a
n
i
,
M
.
I
s
a
,
M
.
S
y
a
h
r
i
l
,
C
.
C
.
Y
i
i
,
A
.
S
.
R
o
s
mi
,
and
B.
I
sm
ail,
“
Sigma-Delt
a
ADC
T
op
olog
y
Imp
l
e
m
en
tati
on
B
as
ed
o
n
P
a
rtial
Disch
a
rge
Detect
io
n
u
s
ing
Ro
g
o
w
sk
i
C
o
i
l
S
e
n
s
o
r
,
”
J.
Ph
ys. Co
n
f
. Ser
.
,
v
o
l
.
10
1
9
,
no.
1
,
2
0
18.
[
2
0
]
A
.
Z
.
A
b
d
u
l
l
a
h
,
M
.
N
.
K
.
H
.
R
o
h
a
n
i
,
M
.
I
s
a
,
H
.
H
a
m
i
d
,
S
.
N
.
M
.
A
r
s
h
a
d
,
a
n
d
M
.
O
t
h
m
a
n
,
“
R
e
a
l
O
n
-
S
i
t
e
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
Dis
c
harg
e
M
easu
r
emen
t
Techn
i
q
u
e
in
M
ed
i
u
m
Voltag
e
P
ow
er
C
ab
le,”
201
8 IEEE
7
t
h
In
t.
Conf. Power
E
n
erg
y
,
PECon
20
18
,
no.
1
,
p
p
.
4
05–
40
8,
201
9.
[21
]
M
.
H.
S
amim
i,
A
.
M
a
hari
,
M.
A
.
F
a
rahnak
i
an
,
and
H
.
M
ohs
eni
,
“The
r
ogowski
coil
pr
inci
pl
es
a
nd
a
ppl
icat
ion
s
:
A
review
,”
IEE
E
S
e
ns
or
s
Jo
ur
nal
, v
ol
.
1
5
,
no.
2
.
pp.
6
5
1
–
6
5
8
,
201
5.
[2
2]
A
.
Z.
A
b
d
u
l
l
ah
,
M.
I
sa,
M.
N
.
K.
H
.
Ro
han
i
,
M.
O
th
man,
a
n
d
H
.
A
.
H
a
m
i
d
,
“
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
P
a
r
t
i
a
l
Disc
h
a
rge
fo
r
M
e
diu
m
Vo
lta
ge
U
nd
e
r
gro
u
n
d
Po
we
r Ca
ble
,
”
vo
l.
2
0
1
8,
n
o.
N
o
v
e
m
ber,
pp.
1
–
2
,
2
0
18.
[
2
3]
M
.
N.
K
.
H.
R
o
h
a
ni
et a
l
.
,
“Geom
e
tri
cal
S
hap
e
s
Im
pact
o
n
th
e
Perf
o
r
m
a
n
ce
of
A
BS
-Based
C
o
reless
I
nductive
S
e
n
s
o
r
s f
o
r P
D
Meas
urem
ent
i
n
H
V P
o
wer Cables,
”
IE
EE Se
ns.
J
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
1
7
,
p
p.
6
62
5–
6632,
2
0
1
6
.
[24
]
F
.
N
u
g
r
oho
a
n
d
A
.
B.
P
ant
j
a
w
at
i,
“
Sigm
a-Delt
a
ADC
T
o
polog
y
I
m
p
l
e
men
t
at
io
n
Based
on
P
art
i
al
D
is
c
h
arge
De
te
c
t
ion
us
in
g
Ro
go
wsk
i
Co
i
l
Se
nsor”
2
0
1
8
.
[2
5]
C
.
C.
Y
i
i
,
M
.
N
.
K.
H
.
R
o
h
a
ni
,
M.
I
sa,
S.
I
.
S
.
H
assa
n,
B
.
I
sma
i
l,
a
nd
N
.
H
u
ssi
n
,
“
Multi-end
Pa
rt
ia
l
Discharge
Locat
ion
Al
gor
it
hm
b
ased
o
n
Trimme
d
M
ean
D
ata
Filt
erin
g
Techn
i
q
ue
f
or
M
V
Un
dergro
un
d
Cable,
”
p
p
.
34
5–
350
,
201
5.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
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w
Elec
&
D
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S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
D
e
ve
l
o
pm
e
n
t
o
f
sm
art
o
n
line
par
t
i
al
d
i
sc
ha
r
g
e m
o
n
itor
i
ng system
fo
r m
e
dium
…
(
A
.
Z
.
Abdu
ll
a
h
)
2
197
BIOGRAPHI
E
S
OF
AUT
HORS
Ahm
a
d
Za
i
d
i
Bin
Ab
dullah
was
bo
rn
i
n
K
e
dah
,
M
alay
sia
in
1981.
H
e
recei
ved
his
B.E
n
g
(Ho
n
s.)
degree
in
I
n
dus
tri
a
l
Elect
ronic
Eng
i
n
eerin
g
f
r
om
U
ni
versi
t
y
M
a
l
aysi
a
P
e
rlis
a
nd
M
.E
ng
i
n
Elect
rical
Po
wer
f
r
o
m
U
niv
e
rsity
T
enag
a
N
a
si
onal.
H
e
is
c
urrent
ly
purs
u
i
n
g
a
P
hD
a
t
Universi
ti
Malays
i
a
Perl
is
.
He
i
s
a
m
e
m
b
er
o
f
Bo
ard
E
n
g
i
neer
M
a
l
aysi
a
and
Institut
e
E
n
g
i
n
eer
M
alays
i
a.
H
is
m
a
i
n
res
earch
i
n
t
erest
a
r
e
hi
gh
-vo
l
t
a
g
e
e
n
g
i
n
eeri
ng,
p
ow
er
t
ran
s
f
o
rm
er
a
n
d
p
arti
al
d
i
s
ch
arge
on-l
i
n
e
monitor
i
ng.
Mu
zam
ir
B
i
n
I
sa
w
as
b
o
r
n
in
P
erli
s,
M
alaysia
in
1
979
.
H
e
r
ec
e
i
v
e
d
h
i
s
B
.
E
n
g
(
H
o
n
s
.
)
d
e
g
r
e
e
i
n
Elect
rical
E
n
g
ineerin
g
f
r
o
m
U
n
i
vers
it
y
T
e
kno
lo
gi
M
alay
sia
,
M
.En
g
i
n
E
lect
rical
P
o
w
er
f
ro
m
Uni
v
ersit
y
T
un
H
u
s
s
e
in
O
n
n
M
al
ays
i
a,
a
nd
P
h
D
in
P
ower
S
y
s
tem
an
d
Hi
gh
Vo
lt
age
E
ngin
e
e
r
ing
from
A
a
lt
o
Un
i
v
ers
i
t
y
,
Finlan
d.
H
e
is
a
m
emb
e
r
o
f
t
he
B
oard
E
n
g
i
n
eer
M
al
ays
i
a.
H
i
s
m
ain
research
int
e
rest are hi
g
h-
volta
g
e
eng
in
eerin
g, p
ow
er tran
s
fo
rmer
a
n
d
p
a
rti
a
l
dis
c
harg
e
on
-line
m
o
nit
o
ri
ng
.
Mo
ham
a
d
N
u
r
Khai
rul
H
a
f
i
zi
R
oh
ani
w
a
s
bo
rn
i
n
J
oho
r,
M
al
ays
i
a,
in
1
98
9.
H
e
r
eceiv
e
d
th
e
B.E
ng.
(H
on
s.
)
deg
r
ee
in
i
n
dustri
a
l
elec
t
r
oni
c
en
gi
neering
and
P
h
D
f
r
o
m
the
Univ
ersity
M
alay
si
a
P
e
rlis,
M
a
la
y
s
i
a
,
in
2
0
1
3
.
H
is
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
interests
i
s
t
he
d
esign
of
s
ens
ors
f
o
r
onlin
e
con
d
i
t
i
o
n
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
based
on
part
i
a
l
di
s
ch
arge m
easu
r
em
ent
.
Sy
ed
A
khm
a
l
b
S
yed
Jam
a
lil
is
a
L
ect
urer
i
n
Elect
rical
D
epart
m
e
n
t
,
F
acu
lty
of
E
ngineeri
n
g
Techn
o
l
ogy
,
Univ
ers
i
t
y
M
a
l
ay
sia
P
e
rl
is.
H
e
t
eac
hes
P
o
wer
Elect
r
on
ics
an
d
hi
s
la
s
t
r
esearch
f
ocu
s
es
on
S
o
lv
i
n
g
Dispat
ch
P
rob
l
em
u
s
i
n
g
P
arti
cle
Swarm
Op
timi
zati
o
n
.
He
r
eceiv
e
d
a
B.
Eng
.
(
Hons
.)
degree
i
n
I
ndu
st
ria
l
E
l
ectron
i
c
Eng
i
n
eering,
U
ni
versiti
M
a
lay
s
i
a
P
e
r
l
i
s
a
n
d
M
.
E
n
g
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
En
gine
e
r
in
g
from
U
n
i
v
e
rsiti
Tu
n
Hus
se
in
Onn
,
Jo
ho
r, Ma
l
a
y
sia
Ami
Nurul
Nazif
a
h
A
bdull
a
h
is
a
l
ec
t
u
rer
in
S
cho
o
l
o
f
E
lect
ric
a
l
System
E
ngine
e
ri
ng,
Univers
ity
Mal
a
ys
ia
P
erlis.
S
he
t
eaches
E
l
ect
rical
M
achi
n
e
and
h
e
r
l
a
st
r
e
search
f
o
c
us
e
s
on
El
ectri
cal
M
a
c
h
i
ne
a
n
d
Ren
e
wabl
e
Energ
y
.
S
h
e
recei
ved
a
B.E
ng.
(
Ho
ns.
)
d
egree
in
I
nd
ust
r
ial
El
ectron
i
c
En
g
i
neeri
ng,
Uni
v
ersiti
Mal
a
y
s
i
a
P
erlis and M
.Eng of E
l
ectrical Eng
i
n
eeri
n
g
f
r
o
m
U
n
i
versi
t
i P
u
tra, M
alay
si
a.
Nurh
af
iza
bt
A
z
i
zan
w
a
s
b
orn
in
P
u
l
au
P
in
a
n
g,
M
alay
si
a
in
1982
.
S
h
e
r
eceiv
e
d
a
B.En
g
.
(
Hons.)
degree
i
n
Ind
u
s
t
ri
al
E
lect
ron
i
c
Eng
i
n
eerin
g
an
d
a
M
a
st
er
o
f
S
c
i
ence
i
n
E
l
e
c
t
rical
P
o
w
er
E
ng
ineering
from
Un
iversit
y
M
alay
si
a
P
e
rlis,
M
a
lay
s
ia.
Sh
e
has
w
o
rk
ed
a
s
v
o
cat
ional
t
r
aning
off
i
cia
l
a
t
f
aculty
of
e
ng
ineeri
n
g
t
echn
o
l
ogy
.
Regi
st
ere
d
a
s
pro
f
ess
i
on
al
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
(Ts
)
,
her
resear
ch
i
nteres
ts
incl
ud
e po
wer sys
t
ems
and
energy
m
anag
em
ent sy
ste
m
s.
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