Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of
P
ower E
le
ctr
on
i
cs a
n
d
Drive
S
ystem
(I
J
PE
D
S
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No.
3
,
Septem
be
r 2020
, pp.
1344
~
1349
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8694
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ij
peds
.
v11.i
3
.
pp
1
344
-
1349
1344
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
pe
ds
.i
aescore.c
om
Simulta
neous
p
l
acement
of F
ACTS
d
evi
ces u
si
ng c
uc
k
oo
s
earc
h
a
lgo
rithm
Basana
goud
a Pat
il
,
S.
B.
K
ar
ajgi
Sh
ri
Dhar
mast
hala
M
anj
un
at
hes
hw
a
ra C
ollege
of Engine
e
rin
g
a
nd Tech
nolo
gy
,
Ind
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
J
ul
22
, 2
01
9
Re
vised
Oct
9
,
201
9
Accepte
d
Fe
b
19
, 20
20
The
power
sys
te
m
d
ere
gul
at
io
n
req
uire
s
th
echange
in
r
eact
i
ve
powe
r
com
pensa
ti
on
in
the
power
sys
tem.
Th
e
opt
im
a
l
pla
c
em
en
t
of
F
ACTs
(Flexi
ble
AC
tr
ansmi
s
sion
sys
te
m)
dev
ic
es
is
ma
nd
at
or
y
to
r
ec
a
lc
ul
ate
t
he
r
eact
iv
e
power
co
mpe
ns
at
ion
in
der
egulati
on
c
ase
.
Th
e
FA
CTs
device
s
gene
r
al
ly
used
in
ser
ie
s
an
d
shunt
con
ec
t
io
ns.
Her
e
the
v
arious
facts
d
evi
c
e
s
connect
ed
in
seri
es
&
shu
nt
co
mbi
na
ti
on
simul
ta
n
eously.
The
op
ti
m
al
pl
a
ce
m
ent
and
sizi
ng
of
th
e
de
vic
es
ar
e
done
in
thi
s
pap
er
by
formul
a
ti
ng
th
e
objecti
v
e
func
ti
on
with
minimi
z
at
ion
of
co
st
of
th
e
g
ene
r
at
i
o
n
and
mi
n
im
i
zing
the
cost
of
Fact
s
d
evi
c
es.
MA
LAB
is
use
d
for
writ
ing
th
e
code.
I
EE
E
14
bus
sys
te
m
is
used
to
her
e
for
te
sting
the
s
ystem
.
Pl
ac
ing
t
he
FA
CTs
sepa
rat
e
ly
and
simul
ta
n
eously
a
re
studi
ed
in
ca
s
e
study
.
Cu
ckoo
sea
r
ch
al
gori
th
m
is
used
to
ide
nti
f
y
th
e
solu
t
ion
to
the opt
im
i
za
t
ion
probl
em
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Cost M
i
nimiza
ti
on
of Facts
Dev
ic
es
CSA
Op
ti
mal Pl
ace
ment
of Facts
Dev
ic
es
This
is an
open
acc
ess arti
cl
e
un
der
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
ic
ense
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ba
sanago
ud
a
P
at
il
,
Re
search
Sc
hola
r
,
Dep
a
rtme
nt
of
Ele
ct
rical
an
d
Ele
ct
ro
nics
E
nginee
rin
g,
Sh
ri
Dhar
mast
hala
M
anj
un
at
hes
hw
a
ra
C
ollege
of Engine
e
rin
g
a
nd Tech
nolo
gy
,
Dh
a
r
wa
d
-
58
0002
,
Karnata
ka
, In
di
a.
Emai
l:
patil
.b
a
sana
gow
da@g
mail
.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The pla
ceme
nt o
f FACT
S
de
vices is stu
died
b
y ma
ny p
a
pe
rs.
T
he mult
ipl
e num
ber
of d
i
ff
e
ren
t t
ypes
li
ke
series
an
d shunt facts d
e
vi
ces
are
us
e
d
tog
et
her
as
sho
wn
in
[
1
-
4].
I
n
the
e
ntire
li
st o
f
facts dev
ic
es
U
PFC
is
on
e
of
t
hat
wh
ic
h
pr
ov
i
de
s
bo
t
h
se
ries
and
shu
nt
co
mb
inati
on
[4,
5].
The
pa
per
s
[1
-
5]
deals
w
it
h
the
op
ti
mal
place
ment
an
d
siz
e
of
facts
dev
ic
e
s.
Some
li
te
rat
ur
es
deal
with
the
i
ncr
easi
ng
the
num
ber
of
FA
CTS
dev
ic
es
[6
-
9].
In
ma
ny
li
te
ratur
es
t
he
place
ment
pro
blem
so
luti
on
is
give
n
in
[
10
-
20].
Thi
s
pa
per
dea
ls
with
the
op
ti
mal
pla
cement
of
FAC
TS
dev
ic
es
with
c
uc
koo
se
arch
al
go
rithm
[
10,
20
-
25]
.
A
matl
ab
base
d
cod
e
i
s
dev
el
op
e
d
f
or
placi
ng
t
he
FAC
TS
dev
ic
es
.
The
dual
FA
C
TS
de
vices
a
re
place
d
simula
ta
neously
us
in
g
t
hi
s
al
gorithm.
T
he
F
ACTS
dev
ic
es
us
ed
her
e
a
r
e
c
ombinati
on
of
se
ries
a
nd
s
hunt
de
vices.
The
co
mb
i
nation
li
ke
SV
C
-
TC
SC,
T
CSC
-
UPFC
a
nd
S
VC
-
UPFC
are
us
e
d
her
e
a
re
case
stu
dies.
The
ob
je
ct
ive
fu
ct
io
n
is
use
d
with
cost
functi
on
of
the
gen
e
rati
on
a
nd
c
os
t
f
unct
ion
of
F
ACT
s
de
vices.
T
he
IEE
E
14
bu
s
sy
ste
m
is
us
e
d
he
re
for
te
sti
ng.
2.
PROBLE
M
F
ORMUL
ATI
ON
Bi
dd
in
g
c
os
t
is
consi
de
red
a
s
the
ther
mal
s
ys
te
m
c
os
t
cu
r
ve
so
t
he
bi
di
ng
c
os
t
ca
n
be
represe
nted
as [9]
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Simult
an
e
ous
pl
acem
e
nt o
f
FA
CTS devi
ces
usi
ng
c
uck
oo se
arc
h alg
or
it
hm
(
Basana
gouda
Patil
)
1345
(
)
=
+
+
2
(1)
The
i
ncr
e
ment
al
co
st ca
n be
r
epr
ese
nted
as
be
low,
(
)
=
+
2
(2)
Der
e
gula
te
d power
sy
ste
m
op
t
imal
p
owe
r
fl
ow e
qu
at
io
n
is
gi
ven
belo
w,
:
∑
(
)
=
1
(3)
:
∑
=
(4)
<
<
,
∈
[
1
,
]
(5)
Wh
e
n
∑
=
1
>
∑
=
1
=
,
-
no
fea
sible sol
ution,
Wh
e
n
∑
=
1
=
-
eac
h
se
ll
er is contract
ed
am
ount is
at it
s capacit
y
l
ower
li
mit
.
Wh
e
n
∑
=
1
<
an
d
∑
=
1
>
,
--
non
-
t
rivial
case
.
Her
e
,
(
)
−
−
ℎ
,
,
−
−
,
−
ℎ
−
,
−
Fact
s d
e
vices c
os
ts
=
0
.
0015
2
−
0
.
713
+
153
.
75
(6)
=
0
.
0003
2
−
0
.
3051
+
127
.
38
(7)
=
0
.
0003
2
−
0
.
2691
+
188
.
2
(8)
Her
e
,
−
$
−
in
$
−
$
−
$
−
−
−
Con
si
der
i
ng th
e ab
ov
e
constr
ai
nts en
ti
re
co
s
t functi
on ca
n be
represe
nted as bel
ow [6]
.
Ca
se I
:
=
∑
(
)
=
1
+
+
(9)
Ca
se I
I:
=
∑
(
)
=
1
+
+
(10)
Ca
se I
I
I:
=
∑
(
)
=
1
+
+
(11)
Her
e
,
+
=
+
(12
)
+
=
+
(13)
+
=
+
(14)
3.
CUCK
OO
SE
ARCH
A
LG
O
RITH
M (CSA
)
The
c
uc
koo
bi
r
d
la
ys
e
ggs
i
n
oth
e
r
bir
d
nest
s.
If
the
host bi
rd
rec
ognizes
it
,
it
ma
y
dro
p
t
he
e
ggs o
r
it
may
a
ba
ndon
the
ne
st
an
d
f
orm
a
ne
w
ne
st.
The
"cuc
ko
o
sea
rch
al
gor
it
hm
"
is
bu
il
t
on
this
c
oncep
t.
To
simpli
fy, th
e
hypothe
sis i
s r
e
placed
by th
e
ne
w nest (
with
ne
w
a
rb
it
ra
ry sol
ution
s
) of t
he numbe
r of n
od
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
13
44
–
13
49
1346
To
sim
plif
y
it
,
a
de
picti
on
of
the
res
pecti
ve
eg
g
in
the
ne
st,
an
d
a
c
ra
ne
e
gg
re
pr
e
s
ents
a
new
so
luti
on,
t
he
goal
is
to
us
e
ne
w
a
nd
ima
gina
ti
ve
best
a
nswers
(c
ucko
o)
to
re
place
the
worst
res
ponse
in
the
nest.
Her
e
, it i
s
assumed
that t
her
e
is only
on
e eg
g
in
the
res
pecti
ve nest.
Ba
sed on t
hese
guideli
nes
, th
e
b
asi
c s
te
ps
of
cucko
o
sea
rch
(CSOA)
ca
n b
e summariz
e
d as pse
udo
-
c
od
e
.
Wh
e
n maki
ng
new an
swe
rs x
(t+1) f
or, a
bout
, a
cuc
koo i
, a
Lev
y
flig
ht is
pe
rformed
(
+
1
)
=
(
)
+
⨁
(
)
(15)
Wh
e
re
α>
0
is
the
ste
p
siz
e,
wh
ic
h
relat
es
t
o
t
he
ru
le
rs
of
the
pro
ble
m.
I
n
mo
st
cases,
i
t
is
us
e
d
as
α
=
1.
T
ypic
al
ly,
an
ar
bitra
ry
st
yle
is
a
M
ar
ko
vs
ync
,
t
he
ne
xt
ra
nk
/
l
ocati
on
is
in
the
cu
rrent
locat
i
on
(t
he
first
word
i
n
the
e
qu
at
io
n
a
bove
)
an
d
the
pro
ba
bili
ty
of
t
he
conve
rsion
(t
he
seco
nd
te
r
m
).
P
rod
uct
⊕
means
org
an
-
wise
mul
ti
plica
ti
on
s.
T
his
el
eme
nt
-
wi
se
product
is
si
mil
ar
to
t
he
PS
O,
but
he
re
the
le
vee
plane
is
more
eff
ic
ie
nt at
fin
ding the
searc
h area
beca
us
e it
s step dist
ance
is t
oo lo
ng.
The
le
vy
plane
basical
ly
provi
des
a
n
a
r
bitrar
y
walk
,
w
hile
the
a
r
bitrar
y
ste
p
le
ng
t
h
is
de
r
ived
f
ro
m
the lev
y dist
rib
ution
~
=
−
,
(
1
<
≤
3
)
(16)
CS
A
ca
n
t
hu
s
be pr
olon
ged to the
ty
pe of
m
et
a
-
popula
ti
on
al
gorithm.
T
he
algorit
hm i
s
giv
en
b
el
ow
:
Step
-
1: S
uppos
e that n
host ca
nd
i
dates are
Xxi (i =
1,
2,
.. n
)
a
nd ma
xim
um i
te
rati
on.
Step
-
2:
An
al
yz
e
the
ma
xim
um
num
ber
of
ep
oc
hs
a
nd
s
el
ect
a
ho
ok
a
rb
it
ra
rily
us
in
g
ta
xonomic
pl
anes
t
o
est
imat
e fit or
cost fu
nction (
Fi).
Step
-
3: Select
a n
est
betwee
n n a
nd sa
y
ar
bitraril
y (j).
Step
-
4: Test
w
hethe
r
Fj is l
ower
tha
n
re
pla
ci
ng
F
with the
n
e
w
s
olu
ti
on.
Step
-
5: (Pa)
One
of the
w
or
st
can
did
at
es is
a
band
on
e
d
a
nd
new ones
are b
uilt
. H
a
ve
t
he best
nest or s
ol
ution
Step
-
6:
Gr
a
de
t
he
a
nswers
and
f
in
d o
ut the c
urre
nt.
Step
-
7: Co
nfi
r
m this
for
al
l e
po
c
hs an
d finis
h wh
e
n y
ou r
ea
ch
ma
xim
um e
po
c
hs.
Step
-
8: P
rove t
he results.
4.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
The
te
st
syst
em
is
3
-
sel
le
r
C
SA
is
ta
ke
n
he
re.
As
s
how
n
i
n
t
he
res
ults
th
e
fitness
value
of
CS
A
i
n
[28].
As
it
is
e
conomic
l
oad
disp
at
c
h
the
l
oss
co
ns
ide
rati
on
al
so
ba
sed
on
the
loss
matr
ix.
Wh
e
n
t
he
s
ame
3
-
sel
le
r
sy
ste
m
i
s
us
e
d
in
the
opti
mal
powe
r
f
low
t
he
c
os
t
of
the
ge
ner
at
io
n
reduces.
We
use
the
same
3
-
sel
le
r
sy
ste
m a
s the
test
sy
ste
m
and
we
im
pleme
nt
the f
act
s
de
vic
es w
it
h i
nclusi
on of i
nv
est
me
nt cost
.
The
F
ACTS
de
vices
c
onside
r
ed
he
re
are
S
V
C
&
TCSC
,
T
CSC
&
UP
FC
and
SV
C
&
U
PFC.
S
VC
&
UP
FC
models
are
ta
ke
n
as
r
e
act
ive pow
e
r mo
del and t
he TC
SC is t
ake
n as react
an
ce m
od
el
.
The
obje
ct
ive
f
un
ct
io
n
disc
usse
d
in
eq
(
9/10
/11)
is
ta
ke
n
as
a
fitness
eq
uat
ion
with
volt
ag
e
li
mit
and
powe
r
flo
w
c
onstrai
nts
.
T
he
well
-
kn
own
m
et
aheurist
ic
al
gorithm
cal
le
d
CSA
al
go
ri
th
ms
is
us
e
d
f
or
te
sti
ng
the f
it
nes
s fu
nc
ti
on
for wit
hout
f
act
s d
e
vices.
Th
e
r
es
ults o
bt
ai
ned
a
re
disc
us
se
d belo
w.
T
he
Fig
ur
e
1
s
hows
t
he
c
onve
rg
e
nce
c
urve.
It
ca
n
be
see
n
that
S
VC
wit
h
UP
FC
giv
e
s
le
sser
c
os
t
com
par
e
d
to
S
VC
&
TCSC
a
nd
TCSC
&
U
PFC.
The
l
o
ss
is
minimi
ze
d
drast
ic
al
ly
f
r
om
the
sin
gle
F
A
CTS
dev
ic
es
t
o
mu
l
ti
ple
facts
dev
i
ces.
Table
1
shows
t
he
co
mp
a
rison
of
the
los
s
cost
an
d
loca
ti
on
s
of
the
F
A
CT
S
dev
ic
es
.
T
he
F
igure
2
show
s
the
volt
age
pro
file
.
Here
serie
s
1
is
the
SV
C
&
TCSC
,
se
ries
2
is
the
TCSC
&
UP
FC
an
d
se
r
ie
s
3
is
S
VC
&
U
PFC.
Th
e
volt
age
pro
file
s
are
nea
rly
equ
al
.
Fi
gure
3
s
hows
the
powe
r
gen
e
rated
from
the
ge
ne
rato
r
after
placeme
nt
of
SV
C
&
T
CSC
,
TCSC
&
U
PFC
an
d
SVC
&
U
PFC.
H
ere
t
he
sla
ck
bus
pow
er
gen
e
rati
on
i
ncr
ease
s
c
orre
sp
on
d
in
g
t
o
t
he
cases
a
ppli
ed.
From
Ta
ble
1
it
is
e
vid
e
nt
that
minimu
m
c
os
t
is
achieve
d
w
he
n
the
UP
FC
a
lon
e
is
placed.
But
minim
um
loss
is
achie
ve
d
w
he
n
co
m
bi
nin
g
the
TCSC
with
UPFC
.
But
S
VC
&
UPFC
r
edu
ce
s
loss
as
well
as
co
st
co
mp
a
red
to
oth
e
r
S
VC
&
TCS
C
and
TCSC
&
UP
F
C.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Simult
an
e
ous
pl
acem
e
nt o
f
FA
CTS devi
ces
usi
ng
c
uck
oo se
arc
h alg
or
it
hm
(
Basana
gouda
Patil
)
1347
Fig
ure
1
.
C
onve
rg
e
nce c
urve
Table
1
. C
onve
ntion
al
meth
od
Locatio
n
Size
Total Co
st in
$
Los
s in
M
W
NO FAC
TS
-
-
8
0
5
4
.4
7
.66
9
9
SVC
13
2
6
.74
3
2
M
VAR
7
9
1
4
.5
1
.63
3
3
TCSC
6
to 1
1
1
pu
8
1
1
4
.8
5
.77
9
8
UPFC
13
2
8
.28
1
9
MVAR
7
9
0
7
.5
3
.05
9
5
Table
2.
C
onve
ntion
al
meth
od
Locatio
n
Size
Total Co
st in
$
Los
s in
M
W
NO FAC
TS
-
-
8
0
5
4
.4
7
.66
9
9
SVC&
TCSC
1
3
+(13
to
1
4
)
2
8
.97
9
0
,0.3
9
7
3
8
0
7
6
.9
1
.26
5
8
TCSC&
UPFC
1
3
,
7
to 9
2
0
.15
7
7
,
0
.31
3
9
8051
0
.29
4
1
SVC&
UPFC
1
0
,13
2
2
.14
,18
.4
M
VAR
7991
0
.36
6
2
Fig
ure
2
.
V
oltage
prof
il
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8
694
In
t J
P
ow
Ele
c
&
D
ri
S
ys
t,
V
ol
.
11
, N
o.
3
,
Se
ptembe
r
2020
:
13
44
–
13
49
1348
Fig
ure
3
.
Ge
ne
rated
powe
r
in
MW
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
The
c
ombinati
on
of
S
VC
&
TCSC
,
TCSC
&
U
PFC
a
nd
S
VC
&
UP
FC a
re
place
d
by
m
inimi
zi
ng
t
he
cost
of
inv
e
stment
an
d
the
cost
of
ge
ner
a
ti
on
at
a
ti
me.
The
cuc
koo
s
earch
al
gorith
m
is
us
ed
he
r
e
as
the
so
luti
on
te
ch
ni
qu
e
.
A
nd
the
I
EEE
14
bus
w
hich
is
al
s
o
kn
own
as
3
-
sel
le
r
de
re
gu
la
te
d
s
ys
te
m
is
c
on
si
der
e
d
her
e
for t
est
ing t
he per
forma
nc
es. T
he
c
omp
ariso
n
is
pro
vid
ed
in
t
he resul
ts an
d discussi
on secti
on.
REF
ERE
NCE
S
[1]
S.
Gerbe
x,
R.
C
her
kaoui,
and
A.
J.
Germ
ond
,
"
Optim
a
l
pl
acem
en
t
of
mu
lt
i
-
type
F
ACTS
devi
ce
s
i
n
a
power
sys
tem
by
means of
g
en
et
i
c
a
lgori
th
ms,"
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wer
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[2]
M.
Santiago
-
Lu
na
and
J.
R.
C
ed
eno
-
Maldona
do
,
"
Optim
a
l
p
lace
me
nt
of
FA
CTS
cont
ro
llers
in
p
ower
sy
stem
s
v
i
a
evol
uti
on
stra
te
g
ie
s,"
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.
20
06
IEEE
Tr
ans. and Dist.
Con
f.
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po.
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C
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[3]
Z.
Lu,
M.
S.
L
i,
W.
J.
T
ang,
and
Q.
H.
Wu
,
"
Optim
a
l
location
of
FA
CTS
d
evi
c
es
by
a
bacte
ri
al
sw
arm
ing
al
gorit
h
m
for
re
ac
t
ive
pow
er
p
lanning,
"
in
Proc
.
’07
I
EE
E
E
volutionary
Compu
ti
ng
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25
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-
2349.
[4]
Q.
H.
Wu
,
Z.
Lu
,
M.
S.
Li,
and
T.
Y.
Ji
,
"
Opt
imal
p
lace
m
ent
of
FA
CTS
devi
ce
s
by
a
group
se
arch
opt
i
mi
z
er
with
mul
ti
p
le pr
oducer,"
in
Proc
.
2007
IEEE Evol
u
ti
on
ary
Computing
(
CEC
2008)
,
Jun
1
-
6,
2008
,
pp
.
1
033
-
1039.
[5]
P.
Bhasaput
r
a
an
d
W.
Ongs
akul
,
"
Optim
al
place
me
nt
of
mu
lt
i
-
ty
pe
FA
CTS
de
vi
c
es
by
hybrid
TS/
SA
appr
oac
h
,
"
i
n
Proc.
2003
IE
E
E
Circu
it
s and
S
yste
ms
(ISCAS’
0
3)
,
May
25
-
28,
2
003,
vol
.
3
,
pp
.
3
75
-
378.
[6]
S.
Gerbe
x,
R.
C
her
kaoui,
and
A.
J.
Ger
mond,
"
Optim
al
place
m
ent
of
FA
CTS
d
evi
c
es
to
enh
an
ce
power
sys
tem
sec
urit
y
,
"
in
Pro
c.
2003
IE
EE P
o
wer
Tech
Con
f
.
,
Jun 23
-
26,
2003
,
vol. 3, pp. 1
–
6.
[7]
S.
Rahi
m
za
d
eh,
M.
Ta
vako
li
B
i
na,
and
A.
Viki
,
"
Simul
ta
n
eous
appl
i
ca
t
ion
of
m
ult
i
-
typ
e
FA
CT
S
devi
ce
s
to
the
restr
uct
ur
ed
environment
:
Ach
ie
v
ing
bo
th
opt
im
a
l
numbe
r
and
lo
c
at
ion
,
"
IET
Gen
er.
Tr
ansm
.
Dist
rib
.
,
vol.
4
,
no
.
3,
pp
.
349
-
362
,
Sep
2009.
[8]
S.
Gerbe
x,
R.
C
her
kaoui
,
and
A.
J.
Germ
ond
,
"
Optim
a
l
pl
acem
en
t
of
mu
lt
i
-
type
F
ACTS
devi
ce
s
i
n
a
power
sys
tem
by
means of
g
en
et
i
c
a
lgori
th
ms,"
IEEE
Tr
ans.
Po
wer
Syst
.
,
vo
l. 1
6,
no
.
3
,
pp
.
537
-
544,
Aug
2001
.
[9]
L.
J.
Ca
i,
I
.
Erli
ch,
and
G.
St
amtsis,
"
Opti
mal
c
hoic
e
and
allocation
of
FA
CTS
devi
c
es
in
d
ere
g
ula
t
ed
elec
tr
icity
ma
rke
t
using
GA
,
"
in
Proc. 200
4
IEEE Power S
yst.
Con
f. E
xpo
.
,
Oct
10
-
13
,
2004
,
vol
.
1
,
pp
.
201
–
207.
[10]
R.
K.Sw
ai
n,
P.K.
Hota,
and
R
.
Cha
kra
bar
ty
,
"
An
Aucti
on
Bas
ed
Di
spatc
h
Algori
th
m
for
Dere
gul
ated
Pow
er
Sys
te
ms
using
D
if
fe
ren
t
i
al
Evol
u
ti
on
T
e
chni
que
,
"
Fi
f
tee
nth
Na
ti
onal
Po
wer
Syst
ems
Co
nfe
renc
e
(NPSC
),
IIT
Bombay
,
Dec
2008
[11]
Xin
-
She
Yang, "
Cuckoo
sea
r
ch a
nd
le
vy
fli
gh
ts
,"
Nature
&
Bi
o
log
ic
al
Inspired
Co
mputing
,
2009
.
[12]
N.
S
har
m
a,
A.
Ghos
h,
and
R
.
Varm
a,
"
A
nov
el
p
lace
m
ent
str
at
egy
for
FA
CT
S
cont
rol
le
rs,"
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
n
Powe
r Del
iv
er
y
,
vol.
18
,
pp
.
982
-
987,
Jul
2003
.
[13]
J.G.
Singh
,
S.
N
.
Singh
,
and
S.
C.
Sriv
asta
v
a
,
"
Pl
ac
e
me
nt
of
FA
CTS
con
trollers
for
enha
n
cing
power
sys
tem
loa
dab
il
it
y
,
"
I
EEE
power
Ind
ia c
onfe
renc
e, Ne
w
Delh
i
,
2006.
[14]
P.
Pre
eda
v
ic
hi
t
and
S.C.
Srivas
ta
va
,
"
Optimal
rea
c
ti
ve
power
disp
at
ch
consid
eri
ng
FA
CTS
d
evi
c
es,
"
E
le
c
tric
Powe
r Sy
st
ems
Re
search
,
vo
l
.
4
6,
no
.
3
,
pp
.
251
-
257,
Sep
1998.
[15]
T.
T
.
Lie
and
W
.
D
eng,
"
Optimal
fle
x
ible
AC
t
ran
smiss
ion
sys
t
em
s
(FA
CTS)
d
ev
ices
al
lo
ca
t
io
n,
"
In
te
rnationa
l
Journal
of
Elec
t
rical
Powe
r and
Ene
rgy
syst
ems
,
vol.
19
,
no
.
2
,
pp
.
125
-
134
,
1999
.
[16]
Fang,
R
,
S
and
David,
A,
K,
"
Tr
ansmi
ss
ion
Con
gesti
on
M
ana
ge
me
nt
in
an
El
e
ctrici
ty
Mark
et,"
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
o
ns
on
Powe
r S
ystem
s
,
vol. 14,
no.
3,
pp
.
877
-
883
,
Aug
1999.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
P
ow Elec
& Dri S
ys
t
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8
694
Simult
an
e
ous
pl
acem
e
nt o
f
FA
CTS devi
ces
usi
ng
c
uck
oo se
arc
h alg
or
it
hm
(
Basana
gouda
Patil
)
1349
[17]
Acha
rya
,
N
and
Mithul
anatha
n
,
N
,
"
Lo
ca
t
ing
Se
rie
s
FA
CTS
d
ev
ic
es
for
Congest
ion
Man
age
m
en
t
in
D
ere
gul
ated
El
e
ct
ri
ci
ty
Mark
et
s,"
El
e
ct
ric
Po
wer
Syste
ms
Re
s
earc
h
,
vo
l.
77,
n
o.
3
-
4
,
pp
.
352
-
3
60,
Mar
2007.
[18]
Brosda,
J
and
H
andsc
hin.
E
,
"
Congesti
on
M
ana
g
em
en
t
Me
thods
with
a
Spe
ci
a
l
Considera
t
ion
of
FA
CTS
-
Devic
es,
"
IEE
E
Powe
r
Tec
h2001
Porto
,
vol
.
1
,
10
-
13
,
Sep
2
001.
[19]
A.A.
Atham
n
eh
and
W
.
J.
Le
e
,
"
Bene
fi
ts
of
FA
CTS
devi
c
es
for
p
ower
exc
h
ange
a
mong
Jordania
n
Inte
rc
onn
ec
t
ion
with
oth
er
Cou
nt
rie
s,"
Powe
r E
n
gine
ering
Societ
y
Gene
ral
Me
et
i
ng
,
Jun
2006
.
[20]
S.N.
Singh
and
A.
K.
David,
"
A
new
appr
oac
h
f
or
pla
c
em
en
t
of
FA
CTS
devi
ce
s
in
open
power
ma
rke
ts,"
IEEE
Powe
r E
ng
ine
eri
ng
Revie
w
,
vo
l.
21,
no
.
9
,
pp
.
58
-
60
,
Sept
2001
.
[21]
M.
Mare
l
i
and
B.
Twa
la,
"
An
ada
pt
ive
Cu
cko
o
sea
rch
a
lgori
t
hm
for
op
ti
m
isat
ion
,
"
App
li
ed
Computing
and
Informatic
s
,
vo
l.
14,
no.
2,
pp.
10
7
-
115,
2018
.
[22]
Gandomi
,
A.H
.
,
Yang,
X,
and
Al
avi
,
A.H
,
"
Cu
ck
oo
sea
r
ch
a
lgori
t
hm:
a
m
et
ah
eur
i
stic
appr
o
ac
h
to
solve
st
ru
ct
ur
al
opti
mization
pro
ble
ms,"
Engi
n
eer
ing
wit
h
Computers
,
vol
.
29
,
201
3
.
[23]
Kave
h
A,
"
Cuc
koo
Sear
ch
Opt
im
izati
on
.
In:
Advanc
es
in
M
et
ah
eur
isti
c
Alg
orit
hms
for
Opt
im
al
Desi
gn
of
Struct
ure
s,"
Spri
nger,
Cham
,
201
7.
[24]
S.
Sale
si
and
G
.
Cosma
,
"A
no
vel
extende
d
bi
nar
y
cuc
k
oo
se
arc
h
al
gor
it
hm
for
fe
at
ure
sel
e
ct
ion
,
"
2017
2n
d
Inte
rnational
Co
nfe
renc
e
on
Kno
wle
dge
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
Appl
i
cations (ICKE
A)
,
L
ondon
,
pp
.
6
-
12
,
2017
.
[25]
Aziz
ah
Binti
Mohama
d,
Azl
anMohd
Zain,
and
Nor
Erne
Naz
ir
a
B
azin
,
"
Cuckoo
Se
ar
ch
Algori
thm
f
or
Optim
izat
io
n
Pr
oble
ms
—
A
Li
t
e
rat
u
re
Rev
ie
w
a
nd
it
s
Appli
ca
t
io
ns,"
Applied
Art
i
fi
ci
a
l
Intelli
g
ence
,
vol.
28
,
no
.
5,
pp.
419
-
448
,
20
14
.
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
MrBasana
gouda
Patil
Recei
v
ed
th
e
M
.
Tech
i
n
PES
fro
m
B
E
C
Bag
al
kot
Kar
nat
ak
ai
n
ye
ar
2010.
At
Presen
t
He
is
Purs
uing
Ph.
D
(P
ower
Sys
te
m)
fromSDM
CET
Dharwad
&
Li
fe
Member
of
Indi
an
Soci
et
y
for
Techni
ca
l
Educ
a
ti
on
(IST
E),
His
Rese
arch
Int
ere
st
in
Pow
er
sys
te
m
.
Dr
S.
B.
Kar
aj
gi
Recei
ved
the
M
.
E
in
R
EC
Wa
r
a
ngal
1987,
&
Ph.
D
from
NITK
Surathka
l
in
2014.
Present
l
y
He
is
W
orking
asva
Profess
or
in
Depa
rt
me
nt
of
E
EE
SD
MCET
Dharwad
Karna
t
aka
.
HIS
Rese
ar
ch
Area
in
te
r
est
s
in
Pow
er
Sys
t
em
Opera
ti
on
&
Distribut
ion
Gene
rat
ion, L
if
e
Membe
r
of
Ind
i
an
Soci
et
y
Tech
nic
a
l
Edu
cation (ISTE
).
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