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1912
1903
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Vo
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8
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.
4
,
Dec
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2
0
1
7
:
190
3
–
1
9
1
2
1904
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o
t
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
a
l
o
t
o
f
c
o
mp
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
i
me
.
b.
B
e
t
t
e
r
w
i
t
h
a
mo
r
e
c
o
mp
l
e
x
c
o
mp
o
n
e
n
t
s
h
a
p
e
.
c.
C
l
e
a
r
l
y
i
l
l
u
st
r
a
t
e
s
mo
r
e
a
c
c
u
r
a
t
e
a
n
d
f
i
n
e
r
d
e
t
a
i
l
s
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
n
g
r
e
g
i
o
n
s
d
u
e
t
o
u
n
sy
mm
e
t
r
i
c
a
l
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
si
t
y
a
n
d
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
l
o
ss
d
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
i
n
s
i
d
e
t
h
e
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
.
a.
T
h
e
sel
e
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
o
p
t
i
mal
c
o
o
l
i
n
g
f
l
o
w
f
o
r
t
h
e
se
l
e
c
t
e
d
t
h
e
r
mal
r
e
g
i
me
b
e
c
o
me
s
st
r
a
i
g
h
t
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
.
b.
3
D
t
r
a
n
si
e
n
t
t
h
e
r
mal
mo
d
e
l
,
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
r
i
se
o
f
t
h
e
st
a
t
o
r
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
a
c
c
u
r
a
t
e
l
y
.
c.
R
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
w
a
y
o
f
o
b
t
a
i
n
i
n
g
h
e
a
t
t
r
a
n
sf
e
r
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
o
r
st
a
t
i
c
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
.
d.
V
e
r
y
a
c
c
u
r
a
t
e
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
ea
ch
t
y
p
e
o
f
th
e
t
h
e
r
m
al
m
o
d
el
h
as
w
ea
k
n
e
s
s
e
s
.
F
E
A
m
o
d
ellin
g
n
ee
d
s
m
o
r
e
ti
m
e
to
b
u
ild
th
e
g
eo
m
etr
y
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
u
s
e
t
h
is
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
th
er
m
al
a
n
al
y
s
is
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
i
s
v
er
y
ti
m
e
-
co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
.
Me
an
w
h
ile
,
b
esid
es
b
ein
g
an
e
x
p
en
s
i
v
e
an
d
v
er
y
s
lo
w
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
C
FD
t
h
er
m
al
m
o
d
ell
in
g
,
it
is
also
v
e
r
y
ti
m
e
-
co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
b
ec
au
s
e
th
er
e
i
s
a
n
ee
d
t
o
p
r
o
p
er
ly
d
e
f
in
e
p
h
y
s
ical
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
a
n
d
it
is
o
n
l
y
ap
p
licab
le
f
o
r
s
tead
y
s
tate
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
4
]
.
I
t
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
m
o
d
el
an
d
an
al
y
s
e
th
er
m
al
b
eh
av
io
u
r
in
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
d
esire
d
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
-
s
e
n
s
iti
v
e
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
f
o
r
P
MSM
a
r
e
s
tato
r
w
i
n
d
in
g
r
esis
ta
n
ce
an
d
th
e
d
e
m
ag
n
eti
s
atio
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ics o
f
t
h
e
p
er
m
an
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
et.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
L
u
m
p
ed
P
a
ra
m
et
er
M
o
del
T
h
e
lu
m
p
ed
p
ar
a
m
eter
m
o
d
el
h
as
b
ee
n
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
t
h
e
th
er
m
al
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
elec
tr
ic
m
ac
h
in
e
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
ast
f
e
w
d
ec
ad
es.
I
t
is
t
h
e
s
i
m
p
lest
w
a
y
to
a
n
al
y
s
e
t
h
e
th
er
m
a
l
f
ield
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ed
d
y
c
u
r
r
en
t
lo
s
s
w
h
ic
h
is
d
er
iv
ed
u
s
in
g
Mo
to
r
-
C
A
D
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
p
ac
k
a
g
e.
D
u
r
in
g
t
h
i
s
an
al
y
s
i
s
,
an
ac
cu
r
at
e
th
er
m
a
l
r
esis
ta
n
ce
n
et
w
o
r
k
u
s
i
n
g
a
T
-
eq
u
iv
a
len
t
l
u
m
p
ed
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
w
i
t
h
s
i
m
ilar
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
es
ar
e
lu
m
p
ed
to
g
eth
er
to
r
ep
r
ese
n
t
a
s
i
n
g
le
n
o
d
e.
T
h
en
,
th
er
m
al
r
e
s
is
t
an
ce
s
ar
e
p
lac
ed
i
n
th
e
cir
c
u
it
to
s
ep
ar
ate
t
h
e
n
o
d
es,
s
o
t
h
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
a
ls
o
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
h
ea
t
tr
an
s
f
er
p
at
h
w
a
y
s
in
th
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e
[
5
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
c
es
ar
e
p
lace
d
at
n
o
d
es
w
h
er
e
lo
s
s
es
o
cc
u
r
.
T
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
b
elo
w
is
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
t
h
e
p
h
ase
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
at
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
in
o
r
d
er
to
f
in
d
th
e
s
tato
r
co
p
p
er
l
o
s
s
es:
=
20
[
1
+
(
−
20
)
]
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
20
is
th
e
r
esi
s
tan
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
at
2
0
ᵒ
C
,
is
th
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
an
d
is
th
e
t
e
m
p
er
atu
r
e
co
ef
f
icie
n
t.
2.
1
.
1
.
Co
nd
uct
io
n
Resi
s
t
a
nces
I
t
is
ess
en
tia
l
to
d
ef
in
e
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
h
ea
t
tr
an
s
f
er
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
i
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
ca
l
cu
late
th
e
th
er
m
a
l
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
.
T
r
an
s
f
er
ca
n
b
e
b
y
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
,
co
n
v
e
ctio
n
o
r
r
ad
iatio
n
.
Gen
er
all
y
,
m
o
s
t
p
ar
ts
o
f
t
h
e
m
ac
h
in
e,
s
u
c
h
as
m
a
g
n
e
ts
an
d
lam
i
n
atio
n
,
tr
an
s
f
er
h
ea
t
b
y
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
f
o
r
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
r
esis
ta
n
ce
,
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
is
:
=
.
[
⁄
]
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
is
th
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
b
o
d
y
in
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
h
ea
t
f
lo
w
,
is
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
t
io
n
al
a
r
ea
an
d
is
th
e
th
er
m
a
l c
o
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
.
T
o
f
in
d
th
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
esis
tan
ce
i
n
t
h
e
th
er
m
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
th
e
t
h
er
m
al
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
as i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
Th
erma
l Mo
d
ellin
g
fo
r
P
erma
n
en
t Ma
g
n
et
S
yn
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
Ma
ch
in
e
(
P
MS
M)
(
R
.
A
z
iz
)
1905
T
ab
le
2
.
Ma
ter
ial
P
r
o
p
er
ties
[
6
]
R
e
g
i
o
n
s
C
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
λ
(
W
/
m/
ᵒ
C)
D
e
n
si
t
y
,
ρ
[
k
g
/
m
3
]
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
H
e
a
t
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
,
c
ρ
[
J
/
k
g
C
]
C
o
p
p
e
r
c
o
i
l
s
3
7
5
8
9
0
0
3
9
0
A
l
u
mi
n
u
m
a
l
l
o
y
1
6
8
2
7
9
0
8
3
3
S
t
e
e
l
sh
e
e
t
st
a
t
o
r
a
n
d
r
o
t
o
r
28
7
6
0
0
4
6
5
P
e
r
man
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
(
N
d
F
e
B
)
8
7
5
0
0
4
5
0
P
e
r
man
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
(
S
m
C
o
)
1
0
.
5
8
5
0
0
4
1
8
S
h
a
f
t
40
7
8
0
0
4
8
5
A
i
r
(
a
t
4
0
ᵒ
C
–
a
mb
i
e
n
t
t
e
mp
)
0
.
2
8
1
.
1
2
7
1
0
0
7
e
p
o
x
y
0
.
2
2
1
2
0
0
1
5
0
0
N
o
me
x
4
1
0
0
.
1
4
1
4
0
0
1
3
0
0
2
.
1
.
2
.
Slo
t
Resis
t
a
nces
T
h
r
ee
m
ai
n
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
lo
s
s
es
i
n
th
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e
ar
e
co
p
p
er
,
ir
o
n
an
d
P
M
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
u
s
,
it
i
s
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
to
o
b
tain
m
o
r
e
d
etail
o
n
th
e
r
es
is
tan
ce
at
t
h
e
s
lo
t
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
h
ea
t
s
o
u
r
ce
s
tar
ts
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
lo
t,
t
h
en
tr
a
n
s
f
er
s
to
t
h
e
s
tato
r
co
r
e
b
ac
k
v
ia
th
e
to
o
th
.
Fro
m
th
e
t
o
o
th
,
th
e
h
ea
t
is
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
to
th
e
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
eith
er
b
y
co
n
v
ec
tio
n
o
r
r
ad
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
lo
t r
esis
tan
ce
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as f
o
llo
w
s
[
7
]
:
=
2
8
×
[
⁄
]
(
3
)
w
h
er
e
is
t
h
e
s
lo
t v
o
l
u
m
e,
=
ℎ
−
(
2
×
ℎ
)
(
4
)
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
c
o
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
o
f
ep
o
x
y
a
n
d
co
p
p
er
in
s
u
latio
n
.
=
+
(
%
)
(
5
)
w
h
er
e
th
e
co
n
s
tan
ts
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
tted
s
lo
t
ar
e
as
f
o
llo
w
:
=
0
.
1
7
5
3
,
=
-
0
.
0
2
8
2
an
d
c
=
0
.
3
9
7
3
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Dick
i
n
s
o
n
[
8
]
,
th
ese
co
n
s
tan
t
s
w
er
e
o
b
tai
n
ed
b
y
c
u
r
v
e
-
f
itt
in
g
o
n
th
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
an
FE
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
h
e
s
lo
t
t
h
er
m
al
co
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
f
ac
to
r
o
v
er
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
v
alu
e
s
o
f
f
ill
f
ac
to
r
v
al
u
e
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
h
er
m
al
co
n
d
u
cti
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it
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
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No
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4
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Dec
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:
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1906
On
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Ca
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n
th
i
s
w
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k
,
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to
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h
as
b
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n
u
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to
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tain
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cu
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.
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m
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g
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m
ac
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at
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as b
ee
n
d
esi
g
n
e
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
Th
erma
l Mo
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1
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Ax
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ated
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2
D
FEA
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.
2
.
4
.
E
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ro
m
a
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net
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F
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d Ana
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s
is
I
t
is
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p
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tr
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a
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th
u
s
to
s
elec
t
t
h
e
o
p
tim
u
m
d
i
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b
u
tio
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o
f
lo
s
s
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as
w
ell
a
s
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o
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ater
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d
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m
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s
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at
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ar
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at
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m
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P
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p
lify
t
h
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n
u
m
er
ica
l c
alcu
latio
n
[
9
]
:
a.
C
o
n
s
tan
t a
m
b
ien
t te
m
p
er
at
u
r
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b.
T
h
e
h
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t lo
s
s
es a
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id
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.
c.
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in
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al
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ater
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la
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[
10
]
.
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ize
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.
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[
11
]
.
2
.
4
.
1
.
Co
nv
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n H
ea
t
T
ra
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C
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a
t
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I
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2
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/s
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f
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co
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f
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t c
an
b
e
ex
p
r
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ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
[
12
]
:
=
0
+
4
(
1
4
)
w
h
er
e
0
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t
h
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co
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v
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2
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4
.
2
.
Co
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Air
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ic
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to
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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PEDS
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694
Th
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.
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u
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4
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[1
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W
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.
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[2
]
J.
P
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P
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L
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B.
Ha
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[6
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