In
te
r
n
ation
a
l Jou
rn
al
o
f Po
we
r
Elec
tron
ic
s an
d
D
r
ive S
y
stem
(IJ
PED
S
)
V
o
l.
10, N
o.
4, D
e
c
e
m
ber
201
9,
pp.
1885~
18
93
ISSN: 2088-
8694,
DOI
:
10.11591
/ijpeds.
v10.
i
4.pp1885-1893
1
8
85
Jou
rn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
:
ht
tp:
//i
a
e
score
.
com
/
j
o
u
r
na
l
s
/
i
n
d
e
x
.
p
hp/IJ
PED
S
MA
TLAB/SIMU
L
INK based sim
u
lations of KY con
v
erter for
PV panels powered led li
ghti
ng system
G
.
S
ures
hk
u
m
a
a
r
1
,
N
i
th
iy
an
a
n
th
an
K
an
n
a
n
2
, S
u
n
il T
h
omas
3
1
Depart
m
e
n
t
o
f E
l
ectri
cal an
d
E
lect
ron
i
cs Eng
g,
Karp
a
g
a
m
Colleg
e
o
f
E
ngin
e
eri
n
g
,
I
ndia
2
D
e
partm
e
n
t
o
f El
ectrical
En
g
i
n
eeri
ng,
K
i
n
g
Abdu
l
A
z
iz
U
n
i
versit
y,
Sa
u
di
A
ra
b
i
a
3
D
e
partm
e
n
t
o
f El
ectrical
a
nd
E
lectro
ni
cs E
ng
ine
e
ri
ng
,
B
irl
a
I
ns
titute of Technol
o
g
y
and Sci
e
nce, UAE
Art
i
cl
e In
fo
ABSTRACT
A
r
tic
le hist
o
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
Feb
1
9
,
2
019
Re
vise
d Mar
1,
201
9
A
c
c
e
pte
d
J
u
l
18,
201
9
Th
e
m
a
in
object
iv
e
of
t
his research wo
r
k
is
t
o de
v
e
lop
K
Y
c
o
n
v
e
ter
t
o
po
logy
f
o
r
renew
a
ble
e
n
ergy
s
ources
.
S
ol
ar
e
n
e
rgy
i
s
t
he
r
eadil
y
avai
la
ble
and
is
t
h
e
cheap
est
f
o
rm
o
f
energ
y
.
It
i
s
n
o
n
-
po
ll
u
ting
an
d
en
vi
ronm
en
t
f
r
iendly.
The
dev
e
lo
pm
ent
of
h
igh
st
a
t
i
c
g
ain
DC-D
C
co
nv
erters
i
s
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
res
earch
area
du
e
to
t
h
e
c
rescen
t
d
e
m
a
nd
o
f
t
h
i
s
t
echn
o
lo
gy
f
or
s
everal
app
l
i
c
atio
ns
sup
p
l
i
e
d
b
y
low
DC
o
u
t
p
u
t
vo
lt
a
g
e
po
we
r
so
urce
s.
I
t
i
s
u
se
d
to
provide
the
un
in
terrup
t
able
p
o
w
er
s
up
pl
y
and
b
a
tt
ery
po
w
e
red
to
t
he
s
yst
e
m.
S
o
he
re
,
st
ep-u
p
DC-DC
con
v
erters
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
KY
c
o
nvert
er
a
re
p
rop
o
s
e
d
f
o
r
L
E
D
li
ghti
ng
s
y
stems.
T
he
p
rop
o
sed
to
po
logies
p
resen
t
h
igh
volt
a
ges
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
e
f
fic
i
e
n
c
y
f
o
r
l
o
w
i
np
u
t
v
ol
ta
ge
a
nd
h
ig
h
ou
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
ge
a
pp
lic
ati
o
n
s
.
Th
e
simu
la
tion
re
su
lts
o
f
th
e
pro
p
o
s
e
d
t
op
olog
y
h
a
ve
b
e
e
n
p
re
sente
d
u
si
ng
MATLAB
/
SI
M
U
LINK s
o
ft
ware.
K
eyw
ord
s
:
DC-DC converter
K
Y
c
onverte
r
LED
lig
h
tin
g
sys
t
em
Ma
tla
b
/
sim
u
li
n
k
PV
p
an
el
Co
pyri
gh
t © 2
019 In
stit
u
t
e
of Advanced
En
gi
neeri
n
g
an
d
S
c
ien
ce.
All
rights
res
e
rv
ed.
Corres
pon
d
i
n
g
Au
th
or:
N
ithi
y
a
n
a
n
tha
n
K
a
nna
n
Pr
of
essor
D
e
pa
rtem
ent o
f
E
lectr
i
c
a
l E
n
gi
nee
r
in
g,
K
i
n
g
A
bd
ul A
z
i
z
U
n
i
v
er
si
t
y
, Ra
b
ig
h
branc
h
,
Ra
big
h
K
in
gdo
m
of S
audi A
rabia
Em
ail:
nithii
eee@yahoo.co.in
1.
I
N
TR
OD
U
C
TI
O
N
The
gr
ow
t
h
o
f
pow
e
r
s
ys
te
m
s
e
mpha
siz
e
s
a
l
l
a
spec
ts
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
rica
l
ene
r
g
y
,
i
n
no
va
tio
n
in
pow
er
gene
ra
ti
o
n
,
di
str
i
bu
t
i
o
n
a
nd
U
tiliza
t
i
on
,
a
l
t
e
rna
t
i
v
e
r
e
so
u
r
ce
s
,
a
n
d
eff
i
cien
t
po
wer
e
l
ect
ron
i
c
d
e
v
i
ces.
La
t
e
st
power
e
lec
t
r
o
n
i
c
de
v
i
ces
p
la
ys
v
i
t
al
r
ole
f
o
r
the
p
o
we
r
con
v
e
r
s
i
on,
d
e
l
i
v
ery,
a
n
d
u
s
a
ge
o
f
e
n
er
gy
i
n
the
pow
er
s
ys
t
e
m
netw
ork.
T
he
a
c
tivi
t
y
r
a
nge
s
from
contr
o
l
s
f
or
l
a
r
ge
u
t
i
li
ty
s
yste
ms
t
o
ener
g
y
h
ar
v
e
st
in
g
dev
i
ce
s
f
o
r
m
i
c
r
o-sensors.
E
le
ctrica
l
e
n
erg
y
c
o
nti
n
ues
to
b
e
th
e
fo
un
da
t
i
o
n
o
f
the
m
o
dern
e
c
o
nomy.
T
he
grow
t
h
o
f
so
la
r
e
n
ergy,
w
ind
ener
gy,
a
nd
ot
her
resourc
e
s,
c
om
bi
ne
d
w
ith
t
re
nds
s
uc
h
as
e
lec
t
ric
an
d
h
ybr
i
d
veh
i
c
l
es
w
i
ll
a
ha
v
e
p
rofo
un
d
im
pac
t
o
n
g
l
o
b
a
l
s
oc
ie
ty.
La
rge
n
um
ber
o
f
t
he
s
imul
a
t
i
o
n
stu
dy
of
pow
e
r
syste
m
s
an
d
p
o
w
e
r
elec
tron
ic
s
c
o
nve
rter
s
w
e
r
e
r
epor
t
e
d
[1-3
2].
The
P
hot
o
V
o
l
t
a
i
c
(
P
V
)
pow
e
r
g
e
n
era
tion
syste
m
i
s
ga
i
n
i
n
g
m
o
re
a
n
d
mor
e
v
is
ib
il
i
t
y
,
w
hile
t
he
w
o
r
lds
p
o
w
e
r
de
m
a
nd
is
i
ncre
asi
n
g
an
d
a
w
are
n
ess
o
f
the
impor
ta
nce
of
p
ro
tec
t
in
g
the
g
l
o
b
a
l
e
n
v
i
r
onme
n
t
ha
s
be
en
g
r
ow
in
g.
T
he
P
V
system
s
are
modu
lar
,
h
e
n
c
e
the
ma
jor
a
d
v
a
nta
g
e
of
t
hes
e
s
yste
ms
i
s
t
h
at
t
he
y
c
a
n
b
e
sim
p
ly
a
d
o
p
t
e
d
i
n
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
bu
i
l
d
i
ng
s
an
d
can
b
e
in
sta
l
led
a
nyw
here
.
In
a
ddit
i
on,
m
anu
f
a
c
t
u
rer
s
h
ave
de
si
gne
d
v
a
ri
ou
s
mo
d
e
ls,
w
h
i
c
h
c
a
n
b
e
pl
ac
e
d
i
n
di
ffe
re
nt t
y
p
es
o
f h
o
u
ses
or bu
i
l
d
in
gs t
o
ach
ie
ve
bet
ter
per
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e.
A
n
i
nte
r
es
tin
g
w
o
rk
[
33]
,
de
rive
s
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
ag
e
lo
o
p
g
a
i
n
a
nd
the
c
los
e
d
lo
op
tra
n
s
f
er
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
f
r
o
m
refere
nce
vol
ta
ge
t
o
o
u
t
p
ut
vol
ta
ge
f
or
t
he
v
o
l
tage-
l
o
o
p
o
f
a
p
u
l
se
w
idt
h
m
odu
l
a
te
d
(P
WM)
dc-
d
c
co
nve
r
t
e
r
opera
tin
g
in
c
on
tin
u
o
u
s
-con
duc
tio
n
m
o
de
(
CC
M)
w
ith
p
e
a
k
c
u
rre
n
t
-
m
ode
c
o
n
t
ro
l
(P
CM).
I
n
P
V
s
yste
m
t
o
p
o
l
og
y
,
a
s
eri
e
s
co
nn
ect
e
d
t
o
PV
m
o
d
u
l
e
i
s
u
s
ed
t
o
create
a
h
ig
h
v
o
lta
ge
s
tri
ng
c
o
nn
ec
ted
t
o
t
he
D
C-D
C
con
v
er
t
e
r [3
4-37].
H
o
w
e
ver,
u
n
d
e
r
r
eal c
o
n
d
i
tio
ns
t
he perf
o
rm
an
ce
o
f th
is schem
e is ne
g
a
t
i
v
el
y a
f
fe
ct
ed if
a
l
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
: 208
8-
869
4
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dri
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 : 1
8
8
5
–
18
93
1
886
its
m
o
dule
s
a
re
i
n
homo
g
e
n
e
o
usly
i
llum
i
na
te
d.
A
ll
t
he
m
o
d
u
le
s
i
n
a
se
ries
a
rra
y
are
forc
e
d
t
o
ca
rry
t
he
s
am
e
curr
ent
e
v
en
t
ho
u
gh
a
fe
w
m
odu
les,
u
n
d
e
r
s
hade,
pro
d
u
c
e
le
ss
p
h
otoc
urrent.
The
s
h
aded
m
o
d
u
le
s
ma
y
ge
t
reve
rse
b
i
ase
d
,
a
c
t
i
ng
a
s
l
oad
s
,
and
d
i
ssi
pa
ti
ng
p
ow
e
r
f
rom
ful
ly
i
l
l
um
ina
t
ed
m
o
d
u
les
i
n
t
he
f
orm
o
f
h
e
a
t.
O
n
the
ot
her
ha
nd
,
the
in
hom
og
ene
o
us
ill
um
i
n
a
t
ed
p
a
r
t
m
a
ke
s
P
V
a
rr
a
y
h
av
e
mu
lt
ipl
e
power
p
ea
k
s
.
To
a
v
o
i
d
therm
a
l
o
v
er
lo
a
d
,
subs
t
r
in
gs
o
f
ce
ll
s
ins
i
de
t
he
i
n
t
er
co
n
n
ecti
o
n
circ
uit
of
m
o
d
u
l
es
a
r
e
b
rid
g
e
d
b
y
by
pass
di
ode
s.
A
l
t
h
o
u
gh
i
t
i
s
pos
si
b
l
e
for
s
t
ri
ng
c
i
r
c
uits
t
o
red
u
c
e
t
h
e
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
ce
o
f
part
ia
l
sha
d
ow
t
o
s
o
m
e
e
x
t
en
t,
the
y
c
o
u
ld no
t
so
l
ve
t
he m
ax
i
m
um
pow
e
r
poin
t
tra
ck
in
g
(
M
P
P
T)
p
r
ob
lem
in the
s
ha
de
d
s
t
ri
ng
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
b
e
c
a
use
the
prese
n
ce
o
f
t
he
P
V
a
r
ray
ha
s
mul
tip
le
p
ow
e
r
p
ea
ks
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
e
x
i
s
ti
n
g
M
P
P
T
sc
h
e
me
s
w
h
ich
are
una
ble
to
d
i
s
c
r
imi
n
ate
betw
ee
n
the
l
o
cal
a
nd
glo
b
a
l
p
ow
e
r
p
ea
ks
[
3
8
].
To
o
vercome
thi
s
p
roblem
a
s
eries
string
o
f
the
D
C
-
D
C
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
w
i
t
h
c
orre
spo
ndi
n
g
s
t
r
ing
c
u
r
r
ent
d
i
v
e
r
t
er
c
i
r
c
u
its
b
ase
d
on
b
u
c
k
-b
oos
t
c
o
n
v
erte
r
is
used.
The
string
c
urrent
d
iver
te
r
c
i
rc
uit
i
s
i
nd
ep
end
e
ntl
y
u
ti
l
i
z
e
d
t
o
ba
l
a
n
ce
t
h
e
ou
t
put
v
ol
t
a
ge
o
f
the
D
C
-D
C
con
v
er
t
e
r
und
e
r
s
ha
d
o
w
c
o
ndi
ti
o
n
s.
T
he
p
ro
pose
d
c
irc
u
i
t
e
na
b
l
es
t
he
i
nd
i
v
id
ua
l
P
V
m
odule
s
t
o
o
p
er
ate
effec
t
i
v
e
l
y
a
t
t
he
M
P
P
T
by
i
mpos
in
g
a
n
o
p
timum
r
at
i
o
u
nde
r
a
n
y
c
o
nd
i
t
io
ns
.
A
n
i
nt
eres
t
i
n
g
w
o
r
k
on
KY
Converter
is
p
resented
i
n
[39]
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
re
sear
ch
p
a
p
er
t
he
a
ut
h
ors
have
p
rop
o
se
d
t
h
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
for
t
h
e
D
C
M
opera
tio
n
re
g
i
on,
D
CM
d
c
vo
l
t
age
a
n
d
sm
all-si
gna
l
tra
n
sfe
r
f
u
n
c
t
i
on
s.
A
n
o
t
h
e
r
wo
rk
o
n
KY
conve
rt
e
r
i
s
pro
pose
d
by
K
.
I
.
H
w
u
et.
a
l
i
n
[40].
Th
is
w
or
k
foc
u
se
s
o
n
K
Y
Co
n
v
erte
r a
nd
It
s
D
e
riva
t
i
ve
s. Latest w
o
rks
on
K
Y
c
onverte
r
ha
s
b
ee
n re
port
e
d in [
4
1
-43].
2.
T
H
E PROPOSED
S
O
L
UTIO
N:
PROPOS
E
D KY C
O
N
V
E
RTE
R
MODEL
The
pro
p
o
se
d
bloc
k
dia
g
ram
of
t
he
s
ys
t
e
m
is
s
how
n
i
n
F
igure
1.
Th
e
d
e
si
gn
ed
KY
co
nv
e
r
t
e
r
i
s
implem
e
n
te
d i
n
s
t
a
n
d
ar
d 0.1
8
-
μ
m CM
O
S
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
gy,
c
on
si
s
t
i
n
g
t
h
r
ee
p
o
w
e
r
t
ra
nsi
s
tors, a fi
l
t
e
r
netw
o
rk, an
d
a
curr
ent
m
o
d
e
c
on
tro
l
n
e
t
w
o
rk,
dem
o
nst
r
a
tin
g
exc
e
l
l
e
nt
p
er
form
anc
e
.
Th
is
p
a
p
e
r
i
s
orga
nize
d
a
s
f
ol
l
o
w
s
.
Sec
t
i
o
n
II
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
s
t
udy
o
f
a
n
i
n
t
eg
rat
e
d
KY
conve
rt
e
r
i
n
bo
th
s
ys
tem
a
nd
c
i
rc
u
i
ts
l
e
v
el,
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
opera
tin
g
mod
e
s,
e
ffe
cts
of
p
a
r
asit
i
c
r
esista
nc
es,
trans
i
s
t
or
s
ize
s
,
pow
er
l
oss,
o
ut
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
r
i
p
p
l
e
s
,
de
sign o
f
pow
er
c
om
p
one
nt
s,
a
nd
the
loa
d
a
n
d
l
ine
r
e
gu
la
tio
ns
[
4
4
].
I
n
ad
d
i
tio
n,
v
ario
us
a
spe
c
t
s
of
t
he
K
Y
co
n
v
e
r
ter
are
als
o
t
he
ore
t
ic
a
l
ly
a
nal
y
ze
d
to
c
om
pare
w
ith
b
oos
t
co
n
v
er
ter
t
o
s
how
i
ts
a
d
v
a
n
ta
ge
s.
S
e
c
tio
n
III
p
r
e
se
nts
the
circ
uit
im
ple
m
e
n
ta
ti
on
d
e
t
ai
ls
o
f
the
pr
o
pos
ed
i
n
t
egra
t
e
d
K
Y
c
onv
e
r
t
e
r,
b
ase
d
o
n
th
e
a
n
a
l
ysi
s
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
in S
ect
i
on II
. The m
ea
surem
e
nt res
ul
t
s
a
n
d
c
ompa
ris
o
n
w
i
t
h
re
c
e
n
t
w
orks
ar
e
prov
i
de
d i
n
S
ec
t
i
o
n
I
V
.
Fina
l
ly,
Se
ctio
n
V
c
onc
lu
des t
h
is pape
r
.
F
i
gure
1.
B
l
o
c
k
d
ia
gra
m
o
f th
e
prop
osed
m
o
d
el
2.1.
PV p
anel
The
M
o
no
c
r
y
s
tal
lin
e
PV
p
a
n
els
are
used.
4
0
cel
ls
a
r
e
c
on
ne
cte
d
i
n
s
er
i
e
s
t
o
f
orm
a
single
m
o
du
l
e
.
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
of
s
in
gle
c
e
l
l
is
0
.
6
V
so
t
he
v
o
lta
ge
o
f
a
sin
g
l
e
m
odu
l
e
i
s
2
4V
.
In
t
his
pr
op
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
3
m
odu
le
s
are
used.
2.2.
MPPT (
I
n
cre
m
enta
l C
o
nd
uct
a
nce)
Th
e
in
c
r
e
m
e
n
ta
l
cond
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
al
go
ri
th
m
i
s
b
as
ed
o
n
t
h
e
fac
t
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
s
l
o
p
e
o
f
t
h
e
c
u
r
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
v
s
.
vo
lta
ge
(
cur
r
ent)
o
f
the
P
V
m
odule
is
z
e
r
o
a
t
t
he
M
P
P
,
p
o
s
iti
ve
(
ne
g
a
ti
ve)
on
t
he
l
eft
o
f
i
t
a
n
d
n
e
gat
i
v
e
(pos
iti
ve)
on t
h
e
righ
t, a
s ca
n be
see
n i
n
the
f
ig
ure
∆
V/
∆
P= (
∆
I/
∆
P)
a
t the
MPP
T
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
MAT
L
AB/
S
I
MULINK
ba
sed
si
mula
t
i
o
n
s
of
KY
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r fo
r PV
p
a
n
e
l
s
pow
ere
d
…
(N
ith
i
y
an
ant
han
Ka
nna
n
)
1
887
a.
∆
V/
∆
P< (
∆
I/
∆
P)
on the
le
ft
b.
∆
V/
∆
P> (
∆
I/
∆
P
)
on the
rig
h
t
B
y
c
ompa
ri
ng
t
he
i
ncre
me
nt
o
f
the
p
o
w
e
r
vs.
the
i
n
cre
m
e
n
t
of
t
h
e
vol
ta
g
e
(
cu
rre
n
t
)
be
t
w
ee
n
two
con
s
ec
u
tives
s
am
pl
e
s
, the
ch
a
nge
i
n
the
MP
P
vo
lt
age
ca
n
be
de
t
e
rmine
d
.
A
sche
me
of t
h
e
a
l
gor
it
hm
i
s
sh
ow
n
in t
he
F
ig
ure
2
.
F
i
gur
e 2.
MP
P
T
a
lg
orithm
3.
KY CONVERTER
C
IRCUIT
D
IAG
R
AM
Th
e
ci
rc
uit
d
i
a
g
ra
m
o
f
t
h
e
K
Y
C
o
nv
ere
t
er
i
s
rep
r
e
s
en
t
e
d
in
F
ig
u
re
3
.
Th
e
K
Y
buc
k-
b
o
o
st
c
on
ve
rter
repor
t
e
d i
n
ha
s
m
any go
o
d
fe
a
t
ur
es w
h
e
n c
o
mpa
r
ed t
o
othe
r D
C
-
D
C
conv
er
t
e
rs for por
t
a
bl
e
a
ppl
ica
t
i
o
n
s
. The
K
Y
buck-
bo
ost
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
use
s
onl
y
tw
o
sw
i
t
c
h
e
s
,
w
h
ic
h
a
r
e
opera
t
e
d
i
n
s
yn
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
w
ay.
Th
is
r
e
d
uc
es
t
he
c
o
st
a
nd
s
i
z
e
of
t
h
e
c
i
r
c
u
it
a
nd
c
an
o
p
e
rat
e
i
n
bi
di
re
c
tio
na
l
m
ode.
The
p
o
l
arit
y
o
f
t
he o
u
t
pu
t
v
o
l
tage
s of buc
k-
bo
ost,
Z
eta,
S
EP
IC,
Cuk,
a
n
d
s
in
gle
-
sw
it
c
h
buc
k-b
o
o
st
c
o
nve
r
t
er
s
a
r
e
o
p
p
o
s
it
e
i
n
p
o
l
a
r
i
t
y
w
i
t
h
i
nput
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
w
h
er
eas
t
he
K
Y
buck
-
boos
t
con
v
er
t
e
r
pro
v
i
d
es
t
he
o
u
t
p
u
t
vo
l
t
a
ge
o
f
s
a
m
e
polari
t
y
w
ith
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
ge.
The
K
Y
buc
k
bo
os
t
c
o
n
v
er
ter
do
e
s
n
o
t
h
ave
R
H
P
zer
o
tha
t
i
ncre
ases
s
t
a
bi
li
ty
a
nd
t
ra
n
s
i
e
n
t
r
es
po
nse
.
A
s
i
m
pl
e
vo
lta
ge
m
o
d
e
anal
o
g
c
o
n
t
ro
l
l
e
r
i
s
pr
op
ose
d
i
n
th
is
w
or
k
for
t
h
e
KY
b
u
ck-
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
er
t
e
r
t
o
r
eg
ul
ate
t
h
e
ou
tpu
t
vol
ta
ge
.
F
i
gure
3.
C
i
r
cu
it
d
i
a
gram
of KY
c
onve
rter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
: 208
8-
869
4
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dri
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 : 1
8
8
5
–
18
93
1
888
3.1.
Mod
e
1(
S
1 O
N
, S
2 OFF)
:
I
n
F
igure
4,
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
lta
ge
p
rov
i
des
ene
r
gy
for
C
1
a
n
d
L
1
ma
kin
g
C
1
get
tin
g
c
h
a
r
ge
d
a
n
d
L1
t
o
be
m
a
gne
tize
d
a
s
sh
ow
n
i
n
e
qu
iva
l
e
n
t
cir
c
u
i
t
dia
g
ra
m,
A
t
the
sa
me
m
om
ent,
t
he
i
n
p
u
t
v
ol
ta
ge
a
l
o
n
g
w
it
h
ca
paci
t
o
r
C2
s
up
p
l
i
e
s
t
h
e
e
n
e
r
gy
for
in
d
u
ct
o
r
L
2
an
d
to
t
he
o
ut
p
u
t
w
h
ic
h
ca
uses
C
2
to
b
e
d
i
sc
har
g
ed
a
nd
L
2
get
t
i
n
g
m
a
gne
t
i
z
e
d.
F
i
gure
4.
M
o
d
e
1(S
1 O
N
,
S
2
O
F
F
)
3.2.
Mod
e
2(
S
1 OFF,
S
2 ON
):
The
e
q
u
i
va
le
n
t
circ
u
it d
i
a
g
ram
dur
in
g t
h
is m
ode of o
p
era
tio
n
a
s
s
how
i
n F
i
gure 5. T
he
e
ner
g
y
s
t
ore
d
i
n
i
ndu
ct
o
r
L
1
a
n
d
c
a
p
aci
to
r
C
1
a
re
r
e
l
ea
se
d
to
c
a
p
acit
o
r
C2
a
n
d
to
t
he
o
u
t
put
v
ia
i
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
L
2
c
a
u
s
i
ng
C
1
t
o
be
d
isc
h
arge
d
and
L
1
t
o
be
d
em
agne
tize
d
.
A
t
t
he
s
am
e
mom
e
nt,
th
e
vo
lt
a
g
e
acr
oss
L
2
i
s
v
C
2
mi
nu
s
V
o
,
thu
s
ma
kin
g
C
2
t
o
be
char
ge
d a
n
d
L2
b
ei
ng dem
a
gne
tize
d
.
F
i
gur
e 5.
Mo
d
e
2
(S
1
OF
F
,
S
2 O
N
)
3.3.
PV p
anel
I
n
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
a
d
r
i
v
e
r
i
s
a
n
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
o
r
o
t
h
e
r
e
l
e
c
tron
ic
c
omp
one
nt
u
se
d
t
o
c
o
n
t
rol
the
K
Y
con
v
er
t
e
r.
T
he
y
a
r
e
usua
l
l
y
u
s
e
d
t
o
reg
u
la
te
c
urre
nt
f
l
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
ro
ug
h
a
c
i
r
c
ui
t
or
t
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
t
her
fac
t
ors
such
as
o
th
er
c
omp
one
n
t
s,
s
o
m
e
d
e
v
i
ces
i
n
t
h
e
circ
u
it.
T
he
t
er
m
is
o
ft
en
u
se
d
,
f
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
,
fo
r
a
sp
eci
a
l
i
zed
in
t
e
grate
d
c
irc
u
i
t
t
hat
c
o
n
t
ro
l
s
h
i
g
h
-
p
o
w
e
r
sw
i
t
c
h
es i
n sw
it
che
d-
mo
de
po
w
er
c
o
nve
rters.
4.
SIMU
L
A
TION
D
I
A
GRAM
O
F
PROPO
S
E
D
KY CON
V
ERTE
R
CIRCUIT
The
s
i
mu
la
ti
on
d
iagr
am
o
f
K
Y
c
on
ver
t
e
r
i
s
sh
ow
n
i
n
t
he
F
igure
6
.
The
K
Y
buc
k-bo
os
t
c
o
n
v
er
ter
w
ith
t
he
P
I
contr
o
l
l
e
r
i
s
sim
u
l
a
t
e
d
in
M
A
T
L
A
B/
S
I
MU
LIN
K
a
s
show
n
i
n
F
i
gure
4.
T
he
o
u
t
pu
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
w
hen
opera
ted i
n
b
u
c
k and
b
o
o
st
m
ode
i
n MA
TL
A
B
simula
t
io
n a
r
e
show
n
in F
i
g
ur
e 5
respe
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
M
A
T
L
AB/
SI
MU
LI
N
K
b
a
se
d sim
u
lat
i
ons o
f
K
Y
co
nve
r
te
r f
o
r PV
pa
ne
l
s
p
o
were
d
…
(
N
i
t
h
i
y
a
n
a
n
th
a
n
Kan
n
an)
1
889
F
i
gur
e
6.
S
imula
t
i
on
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
of
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
cir
c
ui
t
4.
1.
S
i
mula
tio
n
di
a
g
r
a
m
o
f
PV pa
nel
The
s
u
bsy
s
tem
of
P
V
pane
l
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
t
h
e
F
i
gur
e
7.
T
he
s
olar
c
e
ll
is
a
p
hys
i
c
a
l
s
ys
tem
it
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
dir
e
c
t
l
y
c
o
nne
c
t
ed
t
o
the
S
i
m
u
lin
k
mode
l
s
o
a
c
onve
r
t
er
i
s
used
i
n
be
tw
ee
n
t
h
em
t
o
c
onne
c
t
t
he
t
w
o
s
ys
te
m
s
.
F
i
gur
e
7.
S
imulat
i
on
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
of
P
V
panel
4.
2.
S
i
mula
tio
n
di
a
g
r
a
m
o
f
MPPT t
ech
nique
The
s
i
m
u
lat
i
o
n
dia
g
r
a
m
of
M
P
P
T
t
e
ch
n
i
q
u
e
i
s
s
how
i
n
the
F
i
g
u
r
e
8.
I
n
t
h
e
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
e
t
ho
d
I
n
cr
e
m
e
n
t
a
l
C
ond
uc
ta
nce
A
l
gor
it
hm is u
s
e
d
to tr
ac
k
t
h
e
M
P
P
T
.
I
n
t
h
i
s MP
P
T
t
he m
ax
imum
pow
er
is tr
ac
ked
by
c
o
mpa
r
i
n
g
the
pr
e
v
iou
s
v
a
l
ue
o
f
vo
l
t
age
,
c
ur
r
e
nt
a
n
d
pow
er
w
it
h
the
r
ece
nt
v
a
l
ues
a
nd
the
du
ty
c
y
c
le
i
s
gi
ve
n
acc
or
d
i
n
g
ly.
F
i
gur
e
8.
S
i
m
ulat
i
on
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
of
M
P
P
T
tech
n
i
q
u
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
: 208
8-
869
4
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dri
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 : 1
8
8
5
–
18
93
1
890
4.3.
S
i
mu
lati
on
d
i
agr
am
o
f KY
con
ve
rte
r
The
s
i
mu
la
ti
on
d
iagr
am
o
f
K
Y
c
on
ver
t
e
r
i
s
sh
ow
n
i
n
t
he
F
igure
9
.
The
K
Y
buc
k-bo
os
t
c
o
n
v
er
ter
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
P
I
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
i
s
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
e
d
i
n
M
A
T
L
A
B
/
S
I
M
U
L
I
N
K
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
pu
t
vo
l
t
age
w
h
e
n
opera
te
d
i
n
b
u
c
k
a
n
d
bo
ost
mode
i
n MA
TLA
B s
i
m
u
la
tio
n a
r
e
sho
w
n in F
i
g
ur
e 5
respe
c
t
i
v
ely
.
F
i
gure
9.
S
imula
t
i
on d
i
a
g
r
a
m
of
m
od
ifie
d
S
E
P
I
C conve
rter
4.4.
S
i
mu
lati
on
d
i
agr
am
o
f str
i
n
g
c
u
r
ren
t d
i
ver
t
er
The
sim
u
la
tio
n
dia
g
r
a
m
of
S
t
r
i
n
g
Cur
r
ent
D
i
ve
r
t
er
i
s
sh
ow
n
i
n
t
he
F
igur
e
10.
T
he
S
tri
ng
C
u
rren
t
Diverter
d
iverters
b
ac
k
the
outp
ut
c
urrent
o
f
the
DC-DC
conver
t
e
r
i
n
or
d
e
r
to
m
a
i
nta
i
n
the
ou
t
put
v
ol
ta
ge
o
f
the
D
C
-D
C
c
o
n
v
e
r
ters
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
.
S
t
r
ing
cu
rre
nt
d
ive
r
ter
is
s
w
i
tc
he
d
O
N
o
r
OF
F
a
ccord
i
n
g
to
b
ala
n
ce
o
r
imba
l
a
nce
of
o
utp
u
t
c
u
r
r
ent
s
o
f
P
V
m
odu
le
s.
W
it
h
t
h
e
e
x
is
t
i
n
g
m
easur
es
o
f
ou
t
p
u
t
c
urre
nts
o
f
P
V
m
odule
s
,
an
e
rr
or
calcu
l
a
ti
o
n
i
s
car
rie
d
o
u
t
a
nd
c
o
m
p
are
d
w
i
t
h
a
t
hresh
o
ld
v
a
l
u
e
ε
and
t
h
e
SCD
i
s
s
wit
c
hed
ON
o
r
OFF
a
ccor
d
i
n
g
l
y.
F
i
gure
1
0
. S
imula
t
io
n d
i
a
g
ra
m
of
s
trin
g
curre
nt d
ivert
e
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
P
o
w
Elec
&
D
r
i
S
y
st
I
S
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
M
A
T
L
AB/
SI
MU
LI
N
K
b
a
se
d sim
u
lat
i
ons o
f
K
Y
co
nve
r
te
r f
o
r PV
pa
ne
l
s
p
o
were
d
…
(
N
i
t
h
i
y
a
n
a
n
th
a
n
Kan
n
an)
1
891
5.
RESU
L
T
S
A
ND DIS
C
U
S
S
I
ONS
The
o
u
tp
ut
c
ur
r
e
nt
o
f
P
V
p
a
n
el
i
s
sh
ow
n
in
F
igur
e
1
1
.
Fig
u
r
e 11
.
P
V
p
an
e
l
cu
r
rent (X-ax
is 1
d
iv=0.5
s
Y-ax
is 1
d
iv=1
A)
The
o
u
tp
ut
v
o
l
tage
o
f
K
Y
c
on
ver
t
e
r
i
s
show
n
in
F
i
gur
e
1
2
a
nd
F
i
g
ur
e
13.
F
i
gur
e
1
2
.
K
Y
c
on
ver
t
e
r
B
U
C
K
oper
a
ti
o
n
F
i
gur
e
1
3
.
K
Y
c
on
ver
t
er
B
O
O
S
T
ope
r
a
ti
on.
5.
1.
Drawbac
k
s
i
n
t
h
i
s system
I
f
t
he
i
n
p
u
t
p
o
w
e
r
i
s
higher
t
h
an
t
he
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
one
,
t
h
e
n
t
he
c
i
rc
ui
t
co
mpone
n
t
s ma
y
l
e
a
d
t
o
f
a
ul
t
.
5.
2.
Ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
s o
f
P
ro
p
o
s
e
d Sy
stem
a.
K
Y
boost
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
h
as
h
ig
he
r
vol
t
a
ge
r
at
io
t
han
the
tr
ad
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
boo
st
c
o
nve
r
t
e
r
d
o
e
s.
b.
Bes
ide
s
,
t
h
e
inp
u
t
an
d
out
pu
t
i
n
d
u
c
t
or
c
ur
r
e
nts
a
r
e
con
t
in
u
o
u
s
,
d
i
f
fere
n
t
f
r
o
m
the
t
r
a
d
i
tio
na
l
bo
os
t
c
onve
r
t
e
r
.
c.
He
nce
th
i
s
c
o
n
v
er
t
e
r is ve
r
y sui
t
a
b
le
f
or
l
ow
r
ip
ple a
p
p
l
ic
a
t
io
ns.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
: 208
8-
869
4
I
nt
J
P
ow
Elec
& Dri
S
y
st V
ol.
10,
N
o.
4
, Dec
201
9 : 1
8
8
5
–
18
93
1
892
6.
CONCL
U
S
IONS
Th
is
p
a
p
er
p
r
e
sen
t
s
des
i
gn
and
im
ple
m
e
n
t
a
ti
on
of
t
he
K
Y
buck
bo
ost
co
n
v
er
t
e
r.
A
s
im
p
l
e
P
I
con
t
ro
l
l
er
i
s
p
r
op
ose
d
a
nd
d
esi
gne
d
t
o
r
eg
ula
t
e
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
ut
v
o
l
t
age
o
f
t
he
c
o
nverter
.
Exc
l
us
i
v
e
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
resul
t
s
a
r
e
pre
s
e
n
t
e
d
t
o
v
eri
f
y
t
h
e
fu
nc
ti
o
n
a
lit
y
o
f
t
he
c
o
nver
ter
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
c
on
tro
l
ler
un
der
stea
dy
sta
t
e
and
dy
nam
i
c
c
o
n
d
iti
o
n
s.The pro
p
o
se
d
co
n
v
eter
d
es
ig
n
a
nd
s
i
m
u
l
a
tio
n
resu
l
t
s w
i
l
l
b
e use
f
u
l
for
pow
er
s
y
s
te
m
and
p
o
w
e
r
e
l
e
c
t
ro
ni
c
s
E
ng
i
n
ee
rs
t
o
expl
o
r
e
t
h
e
p
o
s
si
bi
l
iti
es
o
f
d
e
v
elo
p
i
n
g
ha
rd
wa
re
a
n
d
s
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
fo
r
real
t
i
m
e
hi
gh
vo
l
t
a
g
e
p
o
w
e
r
transm
is
si
on.
K
Y
c
o
nv
e
t
er
w
i
ll
pla
y
a
v
ital
ro
le
i
n
i
n
t
e
grat
i
n
g
i
n
te
rmit
ten
t
r
ene
w
able
ene
r
g
y
sourc
e
s
e
ffe
ct
i
v
e
l
y
i
n
t
o the
ex
ist
i
n
g
p
ow
e
r
gr
i
d.
REFE
RENCES
[1]
S
u
n
i
l
Th
om
as,
K
.
N
i
thiyan
ant
h
a
n
,
"A
N
ov
el
m
etho
d
to
i
mplem
e
n
t
M
P
PT
a
lgorithms
f
or
P
V
panels
o
n
a
MATLAB
/
S
I
M
ULINK
environ
m
ent,"
Jou
r
n
a
l
of
Ad
vanced
Res
e
ar
c
h
in
Dyn
a
m
i
cal an
d Co
n
t
ro
l S
y
stem
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
(4
), pp
. 3
1-4
0
, 2
01
8
[2]
Go
wrishan
k
ar.
K
.,
S
u
n
i
l
Tho
m
as,
K
.
N
ith
iyanant
h
an
,
"
W
ireles
s
i
n
t
e
grated
-sens
o
r
n
e
two
r
k
b
a
sed
s
u
b
s
ea
tu
nn
e
l
mo
ni
tor
i
ng
s
y
s
t
e
m,"
Jour
na
l o
f
Ad
van
ced
Res
e
ar
ch
in
D
y
n
a
mi
cal
an
d Con
t
r
o
l
S
y
s
t
em
s
,
vol.
1
0
(1
2),
pp
.
6
47-6
5
8
,
2
0
1
8.
[3]
Go
wrishan
k
ar.
K.
,
K.
N
ith
iy
a
n
ant
h
an
.
,
M
.
P
riy
a
nk
a
,
S
un
il
T
hom
as
,
"GS
M
b
ased
d
u
a
l
power
e
n
h
anc
e
d
LED
di
splay no
tice bo
ard
w
i
t
h
m
oti
o
n det
ector,
"
In
te
r
n
a
t
io
na
l
J
o
ur
nal o
f
Engin
eeri
ng an
d T
ech
no
log
y
(
U
AE)
,
v
o
l
.
7
(2
.8
S
p
eci
al
I
ssue
8),
p
p
.
55
9-56
6
,
2018
.
[4]
S
y
ah
rel
Em
ran
Bi
n
Siraj,
T
an
Y
on
g
Si
ng,
R
a
m
an
R
ag
uram
an,
Prat
ap
N
ai
r
M
a
rim
u
t
h
u
,
K
.
N
i
t
h
iy
anan
th
an,
"App
li
catio
n
o
f
c
l
u
s
t
er
a
nal
y
sis
an
d
ass
o
ciat
io
n
anal
ys
is
m
o
d
el
b
ased
p
ow
er
s
ys
tem
f
a
ult
id
entificat
io
n
,
European
Journal
o
f
Sc
i
e
ntif
i
c
Research
,
v
o
l
.
13
8,
p
p1
6-2
8
, 2
01
6.
[5]
K.
N
i
t
h
i
yan
a
nt
h
a
n,
P
ratap
Nair,
Ram
a
n
Rag
u
ra
m
a
n,
T
an
Y
on
g
S
i
ng
,
S
yah
r
el
E
m
r
an
B
i
n
S
i
r
a
j
,
"En
h
an
ced
R
pack
ag
e-bas
e
d
c
l
uster
anal
ysi
s
f
aul
t
i
dentificati
o
n
m
o
dels
f
o
r
t
h
ree
ph
as
e
p
o
wer
sy
st
em
n
etwo
rk,"
In
ter
nat
io
nal
Journal o
f
Bus
i
n
e
ss
In
t
e
lligence and
Dat
a
Mining
,
v
o
l
.
14
, p
p.
10
6
-12
0
2
01
9.
[6]
S
e
kat
h
V
arm
a
,
K
.
N
it
h
i
yan
a
nth
a
n,
"
M
A
TLA
B
s
i
m
u
la
ti
ons
b
a
s
e
d
i
den
tifi
cati
on
m
o
del
f
o
r
various
poi
n
t
s
i
n
g
l
o
b
a
l
position
i
ng sys
t
e
m
,"
In
te
rn
at
io
na
l J
o
urn
a
l
o
f
Co
mp
u
t
e
r
Ap
pl
ic
a
tio
ns
,
vol.
138
(13
)
,
p
p15
-18
,
2
0
16.
[7]
S
.
S
am
so
n
Ra
j
a
,
R.
S
un
dar,
A
.
A
m
udh
a,
K
.
Nith
iy
anant
h
an
,
"Uni
t
co
m
m
itm
e
nt
cal
cul
a
t
o
r
m
o
del
f
o
r
th
ree
ph
ase
power s
y
stem
ne
t
work,
"
In
tern
atio
na
l Jo
ur
na
l
of
P
o
wer
and R
e
n
e
wab
l
e E
n
erg
y
S
y
stem
s
,
vol.
3
(
1),
pp
.
3
7
-
42,
2
0
16.
[8]
K.
G
o
w
ri
sh
ankar,
K
.
N
i
t
h
i
y
an
a
n
th
an,
M
a
ni
P
ri
ya
n
k
a,
V
en
kates
a
n
,
G.
,
"
N
eural
net
w
o
r
k
bas
e
d
mat
h
em
at
ical
m
od
el
f
o
r
feed
m
anag
e
m
ent
tech
ni
que
i
n
aqu
acul
t
u
r
e,
"
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Adv
a
n
c
e
d
Re
se
arc
h
in Dy
na
mic
a
l an
d
Co
ntro
l S
y
ste
m
s
,
vo
l.
9
(18
)
,
p
p
.
1
1
42-1
1
6
1
,
2
01
7.
[9]
S
i
n
g
,
Tan
Y
ong
an
d
Bi
n
Si
raj,
S
y
a
hrel
E
m
r
an
a
nd
Rag
u
ra
m
a
n,
R
am
a
n
a
n
d
M
a
rim
u
th
u
,
P
rat
a
p
N
a
ir
a
n
d
Nithiyanant
h
an,
K,
"
C
o
si
ne
s
imila
rity
c
lus
t
er
a
nalysis
mode
l
ba
s
e
d
ef
f
ective
pow
er
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
f
au
lt
i
d
e
ntificat
io
n
,
"
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l of Ad
vanced
an
d
Appli
e
d Scien
ces
, vo
l
. 4(1
), pp
. 1
23
-1
29
, 2
01
7.
[10]
P
r
atap
N
air,
N
i
t
hi
yan
a
nt
han,
K
.,
Dhi
n
ak
ar,
P
,
"
Des
i
g
n
a
nd
d
evel
o
p
m
e
nt
o
f
v
a
riab
le
f
requ
ency
u
ltraso
n
i
c
p
est
repel
l
er,"
Jou
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ad
van
ced R
e
sear
ch i
n
D
y
na
mi
cal
and
Control
System
s
, vo
l
.
9
(1
2), 2
01
7,
pp
.
2
2
-
34
.
[11]
K.
N
ithiy
anant
h
an
,
S
u
nd
a
r
,
R.,
Rang
anat
han,
T
.,
S
a
m
s
o
n
R
a
j
a,
S
.
,
"V
irtu
al
i
n
s
t
r
um
ent
a
ti
on
bas
e
d
sim
p
le
econo
m
i
c
lo
ad
d
is
patch
es
t
i
m
a
t
o
r
m
o
d
e
l
for
3
-
p
h
as
e
po
wer
s
y
stem
n
etwo
rk,
"
Jou
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ad
van
ced R
e
s
e
ar
ch i
n
D
y
na
m
i
ca
l
an
d Co
ntrol S
y
stem
s
,
vol.
9
(
11
), p
p.
9
-15
,
2
017
.
[12]
K.
N
ith
iya
n
an
t
h
an,
T
.
S
amson
R
a
j
a
,
Sun
d
ar,
R.,
A
m
ud
h
a
,
A.,
"Vi
r
tual
s
tab
i
lity
es
timat
or
m
o
d
el
f
or
t
h
r
ee
ph
a
s
e
power
sys
t
em
n
etw
o
rk,"
In
do
nes
i
an
Jou
r
n
a
l
of
E
l
ect
ri
c
a
l E
ngineerin
g a
n
d
Co
mp
ut
er Sci
e
nce
,
vol
.
4(3
)
,
pp.
5
2
0
-
52
5,
201
6.
[13]
P
r
atap
N
air,
M
.,
K.
N
ithiy
anan
than
,
"
A
n
ef
f
ectiv
e
cab
le
s
i
z
in
g
pro
c
ed
ure
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
in
dustri
e
s
and
co
m
m
erci
al
bu
il
d
i
n
g
s,
"
Int
e
r
n
ati
o
n
a
l Jou
r
n
a
l of El
ectrical a
n
d
Comp
u
t
er
E
ngin
eerin
g
,
vol.
6(1),
pp
.
34
-39
,
2
0
1
6.
[14]
P
r
atap
N
air,
M
.,
K.
N
it
h
i
yan
a
n
t
h
a
n,
"
F
easi
b
il
it
y
anal
ys
is
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
m
i
n
i
h
y
d
r
o
p
ower
p
lant
i
n
T
i
oman
I
slan
d,
"
Di
st
rib
u
t
e
d G
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
on a
nd Al
te
rn
ative E
n
er
gy J
o
urn
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
31
(2
),
p
p
.
3
6
-
54
,
M
a
lay
s
i
a
,
2
016.
[15]
K.
N
ith
i
ya
n
a
n
t
h
a
n,
U
ma
sa
nk
a
r
,
"
E
n
v
iron
me
n
t
f
r
i
e
n
dly
vo
lta
g
e
u
p
-
gradat
io
n
m
odel
fo
r
distri
buti
o
n
po
wer
sy
st
em
s,
Int
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l of El
ectrical
an
d
Co
mp
u
t
er
E
ngineer
in
g
,
vol.
6
(
6),
pp
.
25
16
-25
25,
2
0
1
6
.
[16]
Su
resh
k
u
maar,
G.,
Kann
an,
N.
,
Tho
m
as
,
S
.
,
Kar
t
h
i
k
e
yan
,
S
.P
.,
"
M
a
t
lab/simul
i
nk
s
imul
a
tion
s
b
as
ed
m
odified
sepic
DC
t
o
D
C
c
on
vert
er
f
or
r
enew
able
e
nerg
y
app
licat
io
n
s
,"
Jou
r
n
a
l
of
Adva
nced
R
e
sear
ch
in
D
y
namica
l
an
d Co
n
t
rol
Sys
t
ems
,
v
o
l
.
1
1(4),
pp
.
2
85-2
9
5
, 2
019
.
[17]
G.
V
en
kates
a
n,
K
.
Nit
h
i
y
an
anth
an,
"
S
t
a
ti
c
and
tran
si
ent
th
ermal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
t
o
r
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
i
n
s
w
i
t
c
h
e
d
relu
ctance
m
o
to
r
dri
v
e,"
Jou
r
n
a
l
of Adva
nced
Res
e
arch
in
Dyn
a
m
i
cal
&
Con
t
r
o
l Sys
t
ems
,
US
A,
v
ol
.
10
(13
)
,
pp.
16
56
-166
2,
2
0
1
8
.
[18]
K. N
i
t
hiyan
a
nt
h
a
n
,
R
am
achan
dr
an, V.,
"Eff
ecti
v
e
d
a
ta co
m
press
i
o
n mo
del
f
o
r on-lin
e
p
o
wer system
,
"
International
Journal for
E
ngi
neering
M
o
del
ling
, vo
l
.
2
7
(3
-4),
p
p. 10
1
-1
0
9
,
20
14
.
[19]
K.
N
it
h
i
yan
a
nthan,
R
a
m
ach
and
r
an
,
V.
,
"Distri
buted
m
o
b
ile
a
g
e
n
t
mo
del
f
o
r
m
u
lti
area
po
we
r
s
y
st
em
s
au
to
m
a
t
e
d
onli
ne
s
tat
e
e
st
imation,"
In
ter
nati
onal Jou
r
n
a
l of
Co
mp
uter
Aid
e
d
Eng
i
n
eerin
g a
n
d T
e
c
h
no
lo
gy
,
vo
l.
5
(4
),
p
p
.
300-
31
0,
201
3.
[20]
K.
N
it
h
i
yan
a
nthan,
R
amach
and
r
an,
V
.,
"Vers
i
onin
g
-b
ased
s
ervi
ce-
ori
e
nted
m
odel
f
or
m
ulti-area
power
system
on
li
ne
eco
nomi
c
l
o
a
d
dis
p
a
t
ch,
"
Com
p
u
t
er
s
a
n
d
El
ectri
cal En
gi
n
eer
ing
, vo
l
.
3
9
(2
),
p
p.
4
33
-44
0
,
2
0
1
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
P
o
w
E
l
e
c
&
D
ri S
yst
IS
S
N
:
2088-
86
94
MAT
L
AB/
S
I
MULINK
ba
sed
si
mula
t
i
o
n
s
of
KY
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r fo
r PV
p
a
n
e
l
s
pow
ere
d
…
(N
ith
i
y
an
ant
han
Ka
nna
n
)
1
893
[21]
K.
N
it
h
i
yanan
t
han,
R
am
achan
dr
an
,
V.
,
"L
ocati
o
n
in
depen
d
en
t
d
i
st
ribu
te
d
mo
de
l
fo
r
on
-lin
e
lo
a
d
f
lo
w
mo
n
i
tor
i
n
g
f
o
r
multi-area power
systems,"
In
t
e
rna
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jou
r
na
l for E
n
g
i
neerin
g
M
odelli
n
g
,
vol
.
24
(1-4
),
p
p
.
21-2
7
,
2
01
1.
[22]
K.
N
ithi
y
ananthan,
Loo
m
ba,
A
.
K
.,
"
MATLA
B
/
sim
u
link
based
speed
con
t
ro
l
mo
del
fo
r
con
v
ert
e
r
con
t
rol
l
ed
D
C
dri
v
es,
"
Inter
nati
o
n
a
l
Jour
na
l fo
r
En
g
i
neer
ing
M
odel
l
i
n
g
,
2
4
(1-4
),
p
p.
4
9-5
6
,
2011.
[23]
Th
om
as,
S.
,
K.
N
it
hiy
a
nan
t
h
a
n,
E
s
k
i
.
A
.,
"
In
vestig
ati
ons
o
n
tra
nsien
t
b
eh
avi
o
r
o
f
a
n
en
ergy
c
o
n
s
e
rvati
o
n
ch
op
per
f
e
d
DC
s
eri
e
s
moto
r
subject
ed
t
o
a
chan
g
e
i
n
d
u
ty
c
ycl
e
(
2
019
),
"
Jo
ur
nal
of
Gr
een En
gi
neeri
n
g
,
v
o
l.
9
(1
),
pp.
9
2-
11
1,
201
9.
[24]
K.
N
i
t
hiy
a
nant
h
a
n
,
R
amach
and
r
an
,
V.
,
"A
p
l
ug
an
d
play
m
o
d
e
l
f
or
J
I
N
I
ba
se
d
on
-lin
e
re
lay
cont
rol
f
o
r
powe
r
syst
e
m
p
rotecti
o
n,"
In
te
rn
at
io
na
l
J
o
urna
l
fo
r En
g
i
n
e
e
r
ing
M
o
de
ll
in
g
,
v
o
l
.
21
(
1
-
4
)
,
pp
.
6
5-
6
8
,
2
0
0
8
.
[25]
K. N
i
t
h
i
y
a
nan
t
h
a
n,
R
amach
an
dr
an
, V., "
A
d
i
st
r
i
bu
t
e
d
mo
del
for
c
ap
aci
tan
ce requ
irem
ent
s
f
o
r
s
elf-exci
t
ed in
duction
generators
,"
In
te
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Automation
and Cont
rol
,
vol.
2(4
)
,
p
p
.
5
1
9
-
5
2
5,
2
00
8.
[26]
Nith
iyan
ant
h
an
K
,
Ramach
and
r
an
.V,
"Co
m
p
o
n
e
nt
m
o
d
el
s
im
u
l
a
t
i
ons
f
o
r
m
u
lti
-
area
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
t
e
m
m
o
del
f
o
r
o
n
-
li
ne
eco
nomi
c
l
o
a
d
d
i
sp
atch
,
"
Inter
n
a
t
i
onal Jo
u
r
na
l F
o
r Emer
g
i
ng
Elect
ri
c Power
Sys
t
ems
,
U
.
S
.
A,
vol.
1
(
2),
A
r
t
No 1
01
1,
20
0
8
.
[27]
K.
N
it
h
i
yan
a
nth
a
n,
E
lav
e
ni
l.
V
,
"CYM
GRD
based
ef
f
ecti
v
e
earth
li
ng
desi
gn
m
o
d
el
f
or
s
ub
st
ation,
"
In
ter
nat
io
nal
J
o
urna
l Fo
r Co
mp
ute
r
Ap
p
l
ications
In Engin
eering
Sci
e
nces
Asi
a
,
v
o
l
.
I(3),
pp
. 34
1
-3
46
, 20
1
1
.
[28]
K.
N
ith
iyan
ant
h
an
,
Ram
achan
dr
an,
V.,
"Distri
b
u
t
ed
m
obil
e
a
gen
t
m
o
del
f
o
r
m
u
lti-area
pow
er
s
y
s
t
e
m
on
-li
n
e
econ
o
m
i
c
load
d
i
s
p
a
tch
,
"
In
te
rn
a
t
io
na
l J
o
urn
a
l
fo
r En
g
i
n
e
e
r
ing
Mo
de
ll
in
g
,
vo
l. 1
7
(
3
-
4), p
p.
87
-
90
,
20
04
.
[29]
Yo
us
se
f
A.
M
obarak,
A
.
M
.
H
emei
da,
Nit
h
i
y
a
n
an
th
an
K
an
nan
,
"
V
o
l
t
age
an
d
f
r
equ
e
ncy
b
a
sed
l
o
ad
d
epen
den
t
anal
ys
is
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
e
gy
pt
ian
p
o
w
e
r
sy
stem
n
etw
o
rk,
"
Jo
ur
nal
of
Ad
vanced
Re
s
e
a
r
ch
in
Dyna
mi
cal
&
Co
n
t
rol
Sys
t
ems
,
USA,
v
o
.
l
11
(6),
p
p.
97
1
-9
78
, 20
1
9
.
[30]
Lo
w K
a
k H
a
u,
G
ow
ris
h
an
kar,
N
it
hiy
a
nan
t
h
a
n.
K
,
"Dev
elo
p
m
e
nt
of
p
rot
o
t
y
p
e
mod
el f
o
r
wi
r
eless b
a
sed
cont
rol
pic
k
and
pl
ace
ro
bot
ic
v
ehi
c
le,"
T
E
LKOM
NIKA
Ind
o
n
e
si
an
Jou
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
ectrica
l E
ngin
eerin
g
,
Asia,
v
o
l
.
14(1
)
,
p
p
.
110-
11
5,
A
pr
201
5.
[31]
K. N
ith
iyan
ant
h
an
, Ram
achand
r
an, V
.,
"
A
dist
rib
u
t
e
d m
o
del
f
o
r
m
u
l
ti-area p
o
we
r s
y
stem
s on
-li
n
e d
y
n
a
mi
c secu
rit
y
anal
ys
is
,
"
IEEE
Re
gion
10
An
nu
al In
te
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d fl
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ng
o
f
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ult
i
-
area po
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t
em
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f
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M
D
C
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D
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v
e
r
t
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r
s
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t
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e
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r
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w
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i
g
h
v
oltage gain
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u
al
-boo
st
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C-D
C
c
on
vert
er
f
or
ph
ot
ovo
lt
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ter
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s
i
n
g
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nt
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e
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v
e
d
con
t
r
ol-t
oo
u
t
put
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haracteri
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tics
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ost
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i
s
s
ip
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t
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v
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s
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r
i
n
g
c
u
r
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t
d
iv
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fo
r
s
o
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v
i
n
g
th
e
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e
d
D
C-DC
c
o
n
v
e
rt
er
c
on
necti
o
n
prob
lem
in
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h
o
t
ovolt
a
ic
p
o
w
er
g
enerati
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n
s
y
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t
e
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EE
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sa
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v
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d
I
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r
i
v
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t
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t
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s,
"
A
22
0-M
H
z
bo
nd
wire-b
ase
d
f
ully
-in
t
egrat
e
d
KY
c
onvert
er
w
ith
f
ast
transient
re
sp
on
se
u
n
d
e
r
DCM
op
e
r
a
tio
n,
"
i
n
IEEE
Tr
ansact
i
o
n
s on
Ci
rcuits a
nd S
y
stem
s
I
:
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lar
P
a
pers
,
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l
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5
(
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9
5
,
d
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0
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01
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on
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A
9
7
.
0
%
m
a
xim
um
e
ffi
c
ien
c
y,
f
ast
resp
ons
e,
l
o
w
v
o
l
t
a
ge
ripp
le
K
Y
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
nv
e
r
te
r
for
ph
otov
ol
ta
ic
a
p
p
l
ic
a
tion
,
"
2018 IEEE Int
e
rna
t
iona
l
C
onference on
Indus
tr
ial
El
ectro
n
i
cs
f
o
r
S
u
st
a
i
na
ble Energy
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r
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t
i
ng
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attery
e
ner
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y
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orage
s
y
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into
m
ul
ti-
MW
g
rid
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nnect
ed
P
V
s
y
s
t
e
m
s,
"
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E
EE Tr
a
n
saction
s
on Indust
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A
p
pli
c
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38-6
4
7
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Z
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L
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,
"
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
a
n
d
i
m
p
l
e
m
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n
t
a
t
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f
a
h
i
g
h
-
perf
o
r
m
a
n
ce-in
tegrat
ed
K
Y
c
o
nv
erter,"
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i
o
n
s on
Power
Elect
ron
i
cs
,
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2(12
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051
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