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C
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:
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3
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5
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6
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I
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ter
(
ML
I
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as
i
n
tr
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ce
d
[
1
0
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[
1
2
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m
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[
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s
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C
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[
1
5
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f
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lev
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1
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ev
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[
1
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2
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[
2
5
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2088
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8
694
C
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mp
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tu
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1613
ML
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b
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2
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Dio
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C
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p
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I
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v
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[
2
3
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Fl
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C
ap
ac
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Mu
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I
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[
2
4
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g
ated
.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
b
u
ild
a
g
o
o
d
b
asis
to
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
b
e
t
w
ee
n
M
L
I
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
t
h
e
ir
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
i
s
p
ap
er
,
p
r
esen
t
s
th
e
an
al
y
tic
s
t
u
d
y
b
et
wee
n
t
h
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
M
L
I
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
C
HM
L
I
,
DC
M
L
I
an
d
F
C
M
L
I
w
it
h
Si
n
u
s
o
id
al
P
u
ls
e
W
id
th
Mo
d
u
latio
n
(
SP
W
M)
.
T
h
e
to
p
o
l
o
g
ies
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
u
s
ed
,
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
,
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
lo
s
s
es
an
d
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
MA
T
L
A
/
SIM
U
L
I
NK
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
is
u
ti
lized
to
d
esig
n
an
d
o
b
tain
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
.
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
illu
s
tr
at
es
t
h
e
m
ain
co
n
ce
p
t o
f
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
.
M
L
I
C
HM
L
I
D
C
M
L
I
F
C
M
L
I
Har
m
on
i
c
s
c
on
t
e
n
t
s
C
om
p
on
e
n
t
s
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
ies co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
2.
M
L
I
T
o
po
lo
g
ies
2
.
1
.
Ca
s
ca
ded H
-
B
ridg
e
A
ca
s
ca
d
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
m
u
ltil
e
v
e
l
in
v
er
ter
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
b
y
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
a
s
et
o
f
s
in
g
le
f
u
ll
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
ter
i
n
s
er
ies.
E
ac
h
b
r
id
g
e
h
as
its
o
w
n
i
s
o
lated
d
c
s
o
u
r
ce
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
s
o
lar
ce
lls
o
r
b
atter
ies
.
T
h
eses
s
ep
ar
ated
d
c
s
o
u
r
ce
s
f
ee
d
i
n
g
th
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
ca
n
g
en
er
ate
al
m
o
s
t
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
v
o
ltag
e
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
a
f
i
v
e
-
le
v
el
o
f
C
HM
L
I
.
E
ac
h
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
w
ill
b
e
ac
ti
v
ated
at
ce
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tai
n
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
ti
m
e
at
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
tar
t
u
p
an
g
le
an
d
s
i
n
ce
ea
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h
b
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id
g
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is
f
ed
b
y
s
ep
a
r
ate
d
c
s
o
u
r
ce
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
al
l
th
e
b
r
id
g
e
s
w
h
ic
h
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
C
HM
L
I
o
u
tp
u
t
w
ill
b
e
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
e
s
ep
ar
ated
d
c
s
o
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
n
th
lev
e
l
o
f
C
HM
I
in
v
er
ter
.
An
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
E
q
u
at
io
n
as
f
o
llo
w
[
2
5
]
:
Van
=V
a1
+V
a2
①
Vb
n
=V
b
1
+V
b
2
②
Vcn
=V
c1
+V
c2
③
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
Bri
d
g
e
Bri
d
g
e
Bri
d
g
e
Bri
d
g
e
Bri
d
g
e
Bri
d
g
e
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
f
iv
e
le
v
el
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
ML
I
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
694
IJ
PEDS
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
7
:
1
6
1
2
–
1
6
2
1
1614
2
.
2
.
Dio
de
Cla
m
pe
d
T
h
e
d
io
d
e
clam
p
ed
in
v
er
ter
p
r
o
d
u
ce
m
u
lt
ip
le
o
u
tp
u
t
s
v
o
lta
g
es
u
tili
zi
n
g
th
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
o
f
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
h
ase
s
to
a
s
er
ies
b
an
k
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
d
io
d
e
cla
m
p
ed
w
as
li
m
ited
to
th
r
ee
v
o
ltag
e
lev
e
l
b
u
t
n
o
w
ad
a
y
s
t
h
e
lev
el
ca
n
b
e
ex
ten
d
ed
b
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
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f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
d
c
b
u
s
r
esu
lti
n
g
i
n
ad
d
itio
n
al
v
o
lta
g
e
lev
els.
T
h
e
d
io
d
e
is
u
s
ed
as
t
h
e
cla
m
p
i
n
g
d
ev
ice
to
cla
m
p
t
h
e
d
c
b
u
s
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
as
to
ac
h
iev
e
s
tep
s
i
n
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
;
h
o
w
ev
er
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
le
v
el
o
f
m
u
lt
ilev
e
l
in
v
er
ter
m
u
s
t
b
e
o
d
d
n
u
m
b
er
b
ec
a
u
s
e
i
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
ev
en
n
u
m
b
er
lev
e
l
,
th
e
n
eu
tr
al
p
o
in
t c
an
’
t b
e
ac
ce
s
s
ed
[
2
6
].
DC
Va
Vb
Vc
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
F
iv
e
le
v
el
f
l
y
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
ML
I
2
.
3
.
F
ly
ing
Ca
pa
cit
o
r
An
o
th
er
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
i
s
th
e
f
l
y
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
w
h
ic
h
u
tili
ze
s
a
s
er
ies
co
n
n
ec
t
io
n
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
th
is
i
n
v
er
ter
is
to
u
s
e
ca
p
a
cito
r
s
as
cla
m
p
in
g
s
w
itc
h
in
g
ce
lls
.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
tr
an
s
f
er
th
e
li
m
ited
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
to
elec
tr
ical
d
ev
ice
s
.
T
h
is
in
v
er
ter
u
s
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
s
tate
s
as
t
h
e
d
io
d
e
clam
p
in
g
in
v
e
r
ter
b
u
t
it
d
o
esn
’
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
an
y
cla
m
p
in
g
d
io
d
e
s
in
ce
it
u
s
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
in
s
tead
[
2
7]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
cir
cu
it b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
f
iv
e
-
le
v
el
o
f
f
l
y
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
ML
I
.
3
.
S
I
NO
USDAL
P
U
L
S
E
W
I
DT
H
M
O
DULAT
I
O
N
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
m
u
lti
lev
el
in
v
er
ter
;
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
f
a
m
o
u
s
a
n
d
s
i
m
p
les
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
s
th
e
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
ls
e
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
(
SP
W
M)
.
T
h
e
ML
I
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
SP
W
M,
w
h
er
e
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
s
i
g
n
al
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
s
q
u
ar
e
w
a
v
e
s
to
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e
n
er
at
e
th
e
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p
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l
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T
h
ese
p
u
ls
e
s
w
i
ll
tr
i
g
g
er
th
e
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
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s
w
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tch
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s
i
n
t
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m
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s
eq
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en
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n
s
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er
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p
h
ase
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et
w
ee
n
th
e
p
h
ase
s
s
h
i
f
t
of
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
in
v
er
ter
le
g
s
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
u
s
es
N
-
1
le
v
e
l
ca
r
r
ier
s
i
g
n
a
ls
to
g
en
er
ate
th
e
N
-
le
v
el
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
l
ta
g
e.
I
n
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
in
v
er
ter
,
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
in
d
ex
,
an
d
th
e
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
i
n
d
e
x
,
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
as
[
2
7
]
:
⑧
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
C
o
mp
a
r
a
tive
S
tu
d
y
o
f Th
r
ee
D
iffer
en
t To
p
o
lo
g
ies o
f F
ive
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lev
el
I
n
ve
r
ter
....
(
N
a
b
il F
a
r
a
h
)
1615
W
h
er
e
=
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
=
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
i
g
n
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
=
ca
r
r
ier
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ig
n
al
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e,
=
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
al
a
m
p
litu
d
e.
DC
Va
Vb
Vc
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
F
iv
e
le
v
el
f
l
y
i
n
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
ML
I
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
g
e
n
er
ate
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
p
u
ls
e
s
o
f
5
-
lev
el
i
n
v
er
ter
,
th
e
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
l
s
e
w
id
t
h
m
o
d
u
latio
n
f
o
u
r
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
a
ls
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
i
th
o
n
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
in
e
w
a
v
e.
W
h
er
e
th
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
o
f
th
e
ca
r
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ier
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ig
n
al
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iv
id
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in
to
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o
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r
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er
en
ce
s
i
n
e
w
a
v
e
a
m
p
litu
d
e.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
SP
W
M
ca
r
r
ier
s
s
ig
n
al
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m
p
ar
e
d
w
it
h
r
ef
er
en
ce
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in
u
s
o
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al
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ig
n
a
l
f
o
r
5
-
le
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el
in
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te
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
SP
W
M
ca
r
r
ier
’
s
s
ig
n
als o
f
5
-
le
v
el
in
v
er
ter
4
.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
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UL
T
S
T
h
e
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
o
f
f
i
v
e
-
lev
el
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n
v
er
ter
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
esi
g
n
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
MA
T
L
A
B
/SIM
U
L
I
NK
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
w
h
er
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
SP
W
M
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
i
s
ap
p
lied
to
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
m
w
it
h
6
0
0
Vd
c
an
d
1
0
0
o
h
m
r
e
s
is
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v
e
lo
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.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
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I
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PEDS
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8
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C
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M
L
I
an
d
FC
M
L
I
u
s
e
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
s
in
g
le
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
.
M
L
I
i
n
g
en
er
al
an
d
C
HM
L
I
in
s
p
ec
i
f
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c
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m
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r
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a
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o
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ad
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e
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h
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in
i
m
ize
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e
s
t
r
ess
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n
t
h
e
m
o
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r
s
w
itc
h
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n
g
f
r
eq
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en
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y
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n
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h
ich
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n
o
p
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ate
at
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u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
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r
eq
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en
c
y
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i
g
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er
o
r
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er
th
a
n
th
e
s
w
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h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
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e
n
c
y
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d
lo
w
s
w
itc
h
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g
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r
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e
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m
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er
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ad
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t
p
u
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m
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ich
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o
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t
s
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it
h
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ar
m
o
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ic
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n
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t
s
.
T
ab
le
1.
ML
I
to
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o
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ies co
m
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ar
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T
y
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e
No
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L
ev
el
C
o
m
p
o
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e
n
ts
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HD
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o
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r
ce
s
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ap
ac
ito
r
s
Dio
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e
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itc
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ase
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u
r
r
en
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6
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2
9
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6
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7
8
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6
.
2
9
%
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DC
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L
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4
4
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9
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1
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2
.
0
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3
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3
.
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4
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3
.
5
3
%
1
T
h
e
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m
p
ar
is
o
n
r
es
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lt
s
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av
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at,
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HM
L
I
i
s
s
u
p
er
io
r
to
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M
L
I
an
d
FC
M
L
I
in
ter
m
s
o
f
T
HD
an
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
u
s
ed
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
C
HM
L
I
u
tili
ze
s
m
a
n
y
D
C
s
o
u
r
ce
s
a
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
f
o
r
ea
ch
b
r
id
g
e
w
h
ile
t
h
e
D
C
M
L
I
an
d
FC
M
L
I
u
tili
ze
s
in
g
le
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
r
ep
r
esen
ta
tio
n
o
f
th
e
T
HD
f
o
r
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
o
p
o
lo
g
ies,
w
h
er
e
C
HM
L
I
h
a
s
th
e
lo
w
est
T
HD
v
al
u
e
w
it
h
(
2
6
.
2
9
%)
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
DC
M
L
I
w
it
h
(
2
9
.
1
4
%)
,
th
en
F
C
M
L
I
h
as t
h
e
h
ig
h
es
t T
HD
v
alu
e
w
it
h
(
3
3
.
5
3
)
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
t
h
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
co
n
ten
t
s
is
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
o
r
d
ev
ic
e
.
C
HM
L
I
g
en
er
ate
les
s
T
HD
co
n
te
n
ts
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
less
n
u
m
b
er
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
u
s
ed
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
DC
M
L
I
a
n
d
F
C
M
L
I
w
h
ic
h
u
ti
lize
ac
ti
v
e
an
d
p
as
s
iv
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
i
n
th
e
d
esi
g
n
.
T
h
ese
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
to
r
is
e
u
p
th
e
d
is
t
o
r
tio
n
to
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t si
g
n
a
l a
n
d
h
en
ce
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
it
s
h
ar
m
o
n
ics co
n
te
n
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
T
HD
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
M
L
I
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
5
.
CO
NCLUS
I
O
N
Mu
ltil
e
v
el
i
n
v
er
ter
h
as
b
ee
n
a
ttra
cted
b
y
m
a
n
y
r
esear
c
h
er
s
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
d
u
e
to
th
e
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies
o
f
h
an
d
li
n
g
h
i
g
h
an
d
m
ed
i
u
m
p
o
w
er
ap
p
licatio
n
as
w
ell
a
s
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
ar
e
DC
i
n
n
a
tu
r
e
w
h
ic
h
r
eq
u
ir
e
to
b
e
co
n
v
er
ted
to
AC
u
t
ilizi
n
g
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
o
f
M
L
I
,
h
en
ce
t
h
is
p
ap
er
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
r
ee
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
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o
lo
g
ies
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h
ich
ar
e
C
ascad
ed
H
-
b
r
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g
e
M
u
lti
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el
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n
v
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te
r
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HM
L
I
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Dio
d
e
C
la
m
p
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u
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el
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n
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ter
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L
I
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d
Fl
y
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g
C
ap
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ito
r
Mu
ltil
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v
el
I
n
v
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ter
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C
M
L
I
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.
T
h
ese
to
p
o
lo
g
ie
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
o
d
elled
i
n
M
A
T
L
A
B
/SIM
U
L
I
NK
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
led
u
til
izin
g
Si
n
u
s
o
id
al
P
u
l
s
e
W
id
th
Mo
d
u
latio
n
(
SP
W
M)
w
i
th
s
a
m
e
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
ti
m
e
a
n
d
s
w
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tch
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g
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r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
l
ts
s
h
o
ws
th
a
t,
C
HM
L
I
h
a
s
less
T
HD
t
h
an
o
th
er
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
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co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
w
h
ic
h
m
ak
e
C
HM
L
I
s
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p
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r
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r
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m
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NT
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h
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t,
p
r
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0,00
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CHM
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er
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o
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d
u
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”
(
CeR
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,
FKE,
UT
eM
an
d
th
e
E
lectr
ic
Ve
h
icle
Dr
iv
e
lab
f
o
r
th
e
f
ac
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ies p
r
o
v
id
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to
ac
co
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s
h
t
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e
w
o
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k
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
Din
cer
,
I
b
r
ah
im
.
"Ren
ewab
le
en
er
g
y
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t:
a
cr
u
cial
r
e
v
iew."
R
en
ewab
le
an
d
Su
s
tain
ab
le En
er
g
y
R
e
v
iews
4
.
2
(
2
0
0
0
)
:
1
5
7
-
1
7
5
.
[
2
]
A
b
Ka
d
ir,
M
o
h
d
Zai
n
a
l
A
b
id
i
n
,
Ya
a
se
e
n
Ra
f
e
e
u
,
a
n
d
No
r
M
a
riah
A
d
a
m
.
"
P
ro
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
sc
e
n
a
rio
s
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
ll
so
lar
e
n
e
rg
y
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
in
M
a
lay
sia
.
"
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le an
d
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Re
v
ie
w
s 1
4
.
9
(
2
0
1
0
):
3
0
2
3
-
3
0
3
1
.
[
3
]
Sh
ar
m
a,
Him
an
s
h
u
,
et
al.
"D
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
Sim
u
latio
n
o
f
St
an
d
Al
o
n
e
Ph
o
to
v
o
ltaic
Mo
d
el
Usi
n
g
Ma
tlab
/Sim
u
lin
k
.
"
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al J
o
u
r
n
al
o
f
Po
wer
E
lectr
o
n
ics
an
d
Dr
iv
e S
y
s
t
em
s
6
.
4
(
2
0
1
5
)
.
[
4
]
F
ah
r
en
b
r
u
ch
,
Alan
,
an
d
R
ich
ar
d
B
u
b
e.
F
u
n
d
am
en
tals
o
f
s
o
lar
cells:
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
.
E
ls
ev
ier
,
2
0
1
2
.
[
5
]
Z
h
ao
,
Hao
r
an
,
et
al.
"Rev
i
ew
o
f
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
win
d
p
o
wer
in
teg
r
atio
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
"
Ap
p
lied
E
n
er
g
y
1
3
7
(
2
0
1
5
)
:
5
4
5
-
5
5
3
.
[
6
]
J
awo
r
s
k
i,
Ma
ciej
,
Ma
r
ta
B
ed
n
ar
cz
y
k
,
an
d
Ma
r
celi
C
zach
o
r
.
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x
p
er
i
m
en
tal
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
f
th
er
m
o
electr
ic
g
en
er
ato
r
(
T
E
G)
with
PC
M m
o
d
u
le." Ap
p
lie
d
T
h
er
m
al En
g
in
eer
in
g
9
6
(
2
0
1
6
)
:
5
2
7
-
5
3
3
.
[
7
]
T
wid
ell,
J
o
h
n
,
an
d
T
o
n
y
W
eir
.
R
en
ewab
le en
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ces.
R
o
u
tled
g
e,
2
0
1
5
.
[
8
]
Hass
ain
e,
L
.
,
et
al.
"O
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
p
o
wer
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
f
o
r
g
r
id
co
n
n
ected
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic s
y
s
te
m
s
.
" R
en
ewab
le
an
d
S
u
s
tain
ab
le En
er
g
y
R
ev
iews
3
0
(
2
0
1
4
)
:
7
9
6
-
8
0
7
.
[
9
]
T
an
g
,
Yu
,
et
al.
"I
m
p
r
o
v
ed
Z
-
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
ter
with
r
ed
u
ced
Z
-
s
o
u
r
ce
cap
acito
r
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
ess
an
d
s
o
f
t
-
s
tar
t
cap
ab
ilit
y
.
"
I
E
E
E
T
r
an
s
actio
n
s
o
n
Po
wer
E
lectr
o
n
ics
2
4
.
2
(
2
0
0
9
)
:
4
0
9
-
4
1
5
.
[
1
0
]
C
o
lak
,
I
lh
am
i,
E
r
s
an
Kab
alci,
an
d
R
am
azan
B
a
y
in
d
ir
.
"Rev
iew
o
f
m
u
ltilev
el
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
v
er
te
r
to
p
o
l
o
g
ies
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
c
h
em
es.
" E
n
er
g
y
C
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
an
d
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t
5
2
.
2
(
2
0
1
1
)
:
1
1
1
4
-
1
1
2
8
.
[
1
1
]
Gu
p
ta,
K
r
is
h
n
a
K
u
m
a
r
,
et
al.
"
Mu
ltilev
el
in
v
er
t
er
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
with
r
ed
u
ced
d
ev
ice
co
u
n
t:
A
r
e
v
iew.
"
I
E
E
E
T
r
an
s
actio
n
s
o
n
Po
wer
E
lectr
o
n
ics
3
1
.
1
(
2
0
1
6
)
:
1
3
5
-
1
5
1
.
[
1
2
]
Z
.
B
.
I
b
r
ah
im
,
M.
Ho
s
s
ain
,
M.
T
alib
,
R
.
Mu
s
ta
f
a,
an
d
N.
M.
N.
Ma
h
ad
i,
"A
f
iv
e lev
el cas
cad
ed
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
ter
b
ased
o
n
s
p
ace v
ecto
r
p
u
ls
e wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e," in
E
n
er
g
y
C
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
(
C
E
NC
ON)
,
2
0
1
4
I
E
E
E
C
o
n
f
er
en
ce o
n
,
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
2
9
3
-
2
9
7
.
[
1
3
]
Ma
n
j
r
ek
ar
,
Ma
d
h
av
D.,
Pete
r
K.
Steim
er
,
an
d
T
h
o
m
as
A.
L
ip
o
.
"H
y
b
r
id
m
u
ltile
v
el p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
:
A
co
m
p
etitiv
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
p
o
wer
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
"
I
E
E
E
t
r
an
s
actio
n
s
o
n
in
d
u
s
tr
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
3
6
.
3
(
2
0
0
0
)
:
834
-
8
4
1
.
[
1
4
]
Ho
lm
es,
Do
n
ald
Gr
ah
am
e,
an
d
B
r
en
d
an
P.
Mc
Gr
ath
.
"O
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
can
cellatio
n
with
car
r
ier
-
b
ased
PW
M
f
o
r
a
two
-
l
ev
el
an
d
m
u
ltilev
el
c
ascad
ed
in
v
er
te
r
s
.
"
I
E
E
E
T
r
an
s
actio
n
s
o
n
in
d
u
s
tr
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
3
7
.
2
(
2
0
0
1
)
:
5
7
4
-
5
8
2
.
[
1
5
]
Ab
Gh
an
i,
Mo
h
d
R
u
d
d
i
n
,
et
al.
"
I
n
v
esti
g
atio
n
Stu
d
y
o
f
T
h
r
ee
-
L
ev
el
C
ascad
ed
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
Mu
ltile
v
el
I
n
v
er
te
r
.
"
T
E
L
K
O
MN
I
KA (
T
el
eco
m
m
u
n
i
catio
n
C
o
m
p
u
tin
g
E
lectr
o
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tr
o
l)
1
5
.
1
(
2
0
1
7
)
:
1
2
5
-
1
3
7
.
[
1
6
]
Gh
an
i,
Ab
,
et
al.
"C
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
Stu
d
y
o
f
Dif
f
er
en
t
Mu
ltilev
el
T
o
p
o
lo
g
ies
o
f
F
iv
e
L
e
v
el
I
n
v
er
ter
Usi
n
g
Sp
wm
.
"
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al J
o
u
r
n
al o
f
Ap
p
lied
E
n
g
in
eer
in
g
R
esear
ch
1
1
.
2
0
(
2
0
1
6
)
:
1
0
1
3
9
-
1
0
1
4
5
.
[
1
7
]
Palan
is
am
y
,
R
.
,
et
al.
"M
u
ltic
ar
r
ier
-
SP
W
M
B
ased
No
v
el
7
-
L
ev
el
I
n
v
e
r
ter
T
o
p
o
lo
g
y
with
Ph
o
to
v
o
ltaic
S
y
s
t
em
.
"
I
n
te
r
n
atio
n
al J
o
u
r
n
al o
f
Po
wer
E
lectr
o
n
ics
an
d
Dr
iv
e S
y
s
t
em
s
(
I
J
P
E
DS)
8
.
2
(
2
0
1
7
)
:
8
2
6
-
834.
[
1
8
]
R
o
tella,
M
au
r
icio
,
et
al.
"PW
M
m
eth
o
d
t
o
elim
in
ate
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ces
in
a
n
o
n
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t
2
7
-
lev
el
in
v
er
ter
f
o
r
m
ach
in
e d
r
iv
e ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
" I
E
E
E
T
r
an
s
actio
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
E
lectr
o
n
ics
5
6
.
1
(
2
0
0
9
)
:
1
9
4
-
2
0
1
.
[
1
9
]
F
a
r
ah
,
Nab
il,
et
al.
"M
u
ltilev
el
I
n
v
er
ter
F
ed
Switch
ed
R
elu
cta
n
ce
Mo
to
r
s
(
SR
Ms)
:
6
/4
,
8
/
6
a
n
d
1
0
/8
SR
M
Geo
m
etr
ic
T
y
p
es.
"
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al J
o
u
r
n
al
o
f
Po
wer
E
lectr
o
n
ics
an
d
Dr
iv
e S
y
s
t
em
s
(
I
J
P
E
DS)
8
.
2
(
2
0
1
7
)
.
[
2
0
]
T
alib
,
Md
Hair
u
l
Nizam
,
et
al.
"Ch
ar
acter
is
tic
o
f
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
M
o
to
r
Dr
iv
es
F
ed
b
y
T
h
r
ee
L
e
g
an
d
F
i
v
e
L
e
g
I
n
v
er
te
r
s
.
" J
o
u
r
n
al o
f
P
o
wer
E
lectr
o
n
ics
1
3
.
5
(
2
0
1
3
)
:
8
0
6
-
8
1
3
.
[
2
1
]
L
azi,
J
u
r
if
a
Ma
t,
et
al.
"Sp
eed
an
d
Po
s
iti
o
n
E
s
tim
ato
r
o
f
D
u
al
-
PMSM
f
o
r
I
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
C
o
n
tr
o
l
Dr
iv
es
u
s
in
g
F
i
v
e
-
L
eg
I
n
v
er
te
r
.
"
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al J
o
u
r
n
al
o
f
Po
wer
E
lectr
o
n
ics
an
d
Dr
iv
e S
y
s
t
em
s
(
I
J
P
E
DS)
8
.
2
(
2
0
1
7
)
.
[
2
2
]
Wu
,
B
in
.
"Cas
cad
ed
H
‐
B
r
id
g
e
Mu
ltilev
el
I
n
v
e
r
ter
s
.
"
Hi
g
h
-
Po
wer
C
o
n
v
er
ter
s
an
d
AC
Dr
iv
es
(
2
0
0
6
)
:
1
1
9
-
142.
[
2
3
]
Ad
am
,
Gr
ain
P.
,
et
al.
"Cap
acit
o
r
b
alan
ce
is
s
u
es
o
f
th
e
d
i
o
d
e
-
clam
p
ed
m
u
ltilev
el
in
v
er
ter
o
p
er
ated
in
a
q
u
asi
two
-
s
tate m
o
d
e." IE
E
E
T
r
an
s
act
io
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
E
lectr
o
n
ics
5
5
.
8
(
2
0
0
8
)
:
3
0
8
8
-
3
0
9
9
.
[
2
4
]
Sh
u
k
la,
An
s
h
u
m
an
,
Ar
in
d
am
G
h
o
s
h
,
an
d
Av
in
ash
J
o
s
h
i
.
"I
m
p
r
o
v
ed
m
u
ltilev
el
h
y
s
te
r
esis
cu
r
r
en
t
r
eg
u
latio
n
an
d
cap
acito
r
v
o
ltag
e
b
alan
cin
g
s
ch
em
es
f
o
r
f
l
y
in
g
cap
acito
r
m
u
ltilev
el
in
v
e
r
ter
.
"
I
E
E
E
T
r
an
s
actio
n
s
o
n
Po
wer
E
lectr
o
n
ics
2
3
.
2
(
2
0
0
8
)
:
5
1
8
-
5
2
9
.
[
2
5
]
Yao
,
W
en
x
i,
Haib
in
g
Hu
,
an
d
Z
h
en
g
y
u
L
u
.
"Co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
o
f
s
p
ace
-
v
ecto
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
an
d
car
r
ie
r
-
b
ased
m
o
d
u
latio
n
o
f
m
u
ltilev
el i
n
v
er
t
er
.
"
I
E
E
E
tr
an
s
actio
n
s
o
n
P
o
wer
E
lectr
o
n
ics
2
3
.
1
(
2
0
0
8
)
:
4
5
-
5
1
.
[
2
6
]
M.
Kav
ith
a,
A.
Ar
u
n
k
u
m
a
r
,
N.
Go
k
u
ln
ath
,
S.
Ar
u
n
4
.
New
C
ascad
ed
H
-
B
r
id
g
e
Mu
ltil
ev
el
I
n
v
er
ter
T
o
p
o
lo
g
y
with
R
ed
u
ced
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
Switch
es
a
n
d
S
o
u
r
ces.
F
i
n
al
y
ea
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
/
Dep
t.
o
f
E
E
E
/
DR
.
S.
J
.
S
Pau
l
Me
m
o
r
ial
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
eer
in
g
&
T
ech
n
o
lo
g
y
/
Po
n
d
ich
er
r
y
/
I
n
d
ia.
I
SSN:
2
2
7
8
-
1
6
7
6
Vo
lu
m
e
2
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
PEDS
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
694
C
o
mp
a
r
a
tive
S
tu
d
y
o
f Th
r
ee
D
iffer
en
t To
p
o
lo
g
ies o
f F
ive
-
lev
el
I
n
ve
r
ter
....
(
N
a
b
il F
a
r
a
h
)
1621
I
s
s
u
e 6
(
Sep
-
Oct.
2
0
1
2
)
,
PP
2
6
-
36
[
2
7
]
Dn
y
an
esh
war
D.
K
h
air
n
ar
an
d
V.
M.
Desh
m
u
k
h
.
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
An
al
y
s
is
o
f
Dio
d
e
C
l
am
p
ed
3
L
ev
el
MO
S
F
E
T
B
ased
I
n
v
e
r
ter
.
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
E
lectr
o
n
ics
an
d
T
eleco
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
C
OE
T
B
am
b
h
o
r
i,
J
alg
ao
n
,
I
n
d
ia.
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
E
l
ectr
ic
al
E
n
g
in
eer
in
g
J
o
u
r
n
al
(
I
E
E
J
)
Vo
l.
5
(
2
0
1
4
)
No
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
4
8
4
-
1
4
8
9
I
SSN
2
0
7
8
-
2
3
6
5
[
2
8
]
Mc
Gr
ath
,
B
r
en
d
an
Peter
,
an
d
Do
n
ald
Gr
ah
am
e
Ho
lm
es.
"
Mu
lticar
r
ier
PW
M
s
tr
ate
g
ies
f
o
r
m
u
ltilev
el
in
v
er
ter
s
.
"
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
E
lectr
o
n
ics,
I
E
E
E
T
r
an
s
actio
n
s
o
n
4
9
.
4
(
2
0
0
2
)
:
8
5
8
-
8
6
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.