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IJ
RA
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N:
2089
-
4856
Mo
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[
5
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6
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l
P
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
-
I
n
te
g
r
al
(
P
I
)
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
ese
s
tr
ate
g
ies
ar
e
wid
el
y
u
s
ed
in
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
d
u
e
to
th
eir
s
i
m
p
l
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
,
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
r
e
m
ar
k
ab
le
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
is
its
h
i
g
h
l
y
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
o
n
m
ac
h
in
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
A
n
o
t
h
er
t
y
p
e
o
f
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
s
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
b
y
s
o
m
e
au
th
o
r
s
t
h
o
s
e
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
h
y
s
ter
esi
s
co
n
tr
o
l su
c
h
as Dir
ec
t P
o
w
er
C
o
n
tr
o
l (
DP
C
)
[
10
]
an
d
Dir
ec
t
T
o
r
q
u
e
C
o
n
tr
o
l (
DT
C
)
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
d
is
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
is
t
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
esu
l
tin
g
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
w
h
ic
h
ca
u
s
e
s
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
s
o
f
g
r
id
cu
r
r
en
ts
.
Am
o
n
g
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
es,
m
o
d
el
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
is
o
n
e
of
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
r
o
b
u
s
t
s
tr
ate
g
y
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
u
n
ce
r
tain
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
2
]
.
Sev
er
al
b
en
ef
i
ts
ar
e
o
f
f
er
ed
b
y
th
is
m
et
h
o
d
s
u
c
h
as
a
h
i
g
h
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
a
lo
w
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
ag
ai
n
s
t
a
p
ar
a
m
eter
v
ar
iat
io
n
s
,
f
as
t
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
its
ea
s
y
d
es
ig
n
an
d
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
T
h
is
p
ap
er
ai
m
s
to
an
al
y
ze
t
h
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
a
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
u
n
d
er
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
cli
m
atic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
is
o
r
g
a
n
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
;
t
h
e
P
V
-
w
i
n
d
s
y
s
te
m
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
f
ir
s
tl
y
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
en
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
m
o
d
eli
n
g
is
d
etailed
in
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
h
er
ea
s
s
ec
t
io
n
I
I
I
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
.
Sectio
n
I
V
g
iv
e
s
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
ts
a
n
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
tu
d
y
a
n
d
th
e
w
o
r
k
is
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
in
th
e
las
t sectio
n
2.
PV
-
WI
ND
H
YB
RID SY
ST
E
M
ARCH
I
T
E
C
T
UR
E
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
P
V/w
i
n
d
h
y
b
r
id
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
d
etailed
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
P
V
ar
r
a
y
an
d
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
in
e
as
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
P
V
m
o
d
u
les
ar
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
DC
/DC
co
n
v
er
ter
u
s
in
g
b
o
o
s
t
cir
cu
it
in
o
r
d
er
to
r
ea
ch
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
,
alth
g
o
u
h
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
i
s
co
u
p
led
to
P
er
m
a
n
en
t
Ma
g
n
e
t
S
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
Ge
n
er
ato
r
(
P
MSG)
to
f
ee
d
a
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
r
e
ctif
ier
s
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
co
m
b
in
ed
i
n
p
ar
allel
to
a
DC
-
lin
k
v
o
lta
g
e
w
h
er
e
a
g
r
id
in
ter
f
ac
e
in
v
er
t
er
an
d
RL
f
i
lter
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
d
eliv
er
th
e
to
tal
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
p
o
w
er
to
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
al
g
r
id
B
o
o
s
t
M
P
P
T
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
R
e
c
t
i
f
i
e
r
S
G
S
C
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
G
S
C
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
F
i
l
t
e
r
P
V
m
o
d
e
l
e
P
M
S
G
S
o
l
a
r
i
r
r
a
d
i
a
n
c
e
G
r
i
d
W
i
n
d
T
u
r
b
i
n
e
P
d
/
d
t
ω
r
*
ω
r
i
g
(
a
,
b
,
c
)
V
g
(
a
,
b
,
c
)
V
d
c
V
d
c
*
i
g
d
q
*
i
s
(
a
,
b
,
c
)
C
C
p
v
I
p
v
V
p
v
S
g
a
S
g
b
S
g
c
S
S
s
a
S
s
b
S
s
c
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Stru
ct
u
r
e
o
f
PV
-
w
i
n
d
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
g
r
id
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4856
IJ
RA
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
201
7
:
2
1
6
–
22
6
218
3.
SYST
E
M
M
O
DL
L
I
N
G
3
.
1
.
P
V
m
o
du
le
m
o
del
T
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
ele
m
e
n
t
o
f
P
V
m
o
d
u
le
is
t
h
e
s
o
lar
ce
ll
w
h
ich
i
s
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
o
u
r
ce
in
p
ar
allel
w
it
h
a
s
i
n
g
le
d
io
d
e,
s
er
ies
r
esis
ta
n
ce
an
d
a
s
h
u
n
t
r
esis
ta
n
ce
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
m
ath
e
m
a
tical
eq
u
atio
n
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t o
f
P
V
ce
ll c
an
b
e
w
r
it
ten
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
(
1
)
(
)
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
c
u
it
cu
r
r
en
t
d
u
e
to
p
h
o
to
n
s
(
A
)
,
is
th
e
d
io
d
e
cu
r
r
en
t,
is
th
e
d
io
d
e
r
ev
er
s
e
s
atu
r
atio
n
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(
A
)
,
is
th
e
j
u
n
ctio
n
co
n
s
ta
n
t,
is
t
h
e
e
lectr
o
n
ch
ar
g
e
(
=
1
.
6
x
1
0
-
19
C
)
,
is
t
h
e
B
o
ltzm
a
n
n
co
n
s
tan
t
(
1
.
3
8
0
6
5
0
5
x
1
0
-
23
J
/K)
,
is
t
h
e
ce
ll
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
(
in
Kelv
in
)
,
is
th
e
r
at
ed
cu
r
r
en
t
at
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t (
MP
P
)
(
A
)
,
is
t
h
e
r
ated
v
o
ltag
e
at
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t (
MP
P
)
(
V)
3
.
2
.
Wind
t
urbin
e
m
o
del
T
h
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
p
o
w
er
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
w
in
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
:
(
)
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
air
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
d
en
s
it
y
(
k
g
/
m
3
),
is
th
e
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
in
e
r
o
to
r
r
ad
iu
s
(
m
)
,
is
th
e
w
i
n
d
s
p
ee
d
(
m
/s
)
,
C
p
(
λ
,
β)
i
s
th
e
t
u
r
b
in
e
p
o
w
er
co
ef
f
i
cien
t,
is
t
h
e
b
lad
e
p
itch
an
g
le
a
nd
λ
is
t
h
e
tip
-
s
p
ee
d
r
atio
w
h
ic
h
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as [
14
]:
(
4
)
w
h
er
e
is
th
e
r
o
to
r
an
g
u
lar
s
p
ee
d
(
r
ad
/s
)
.
Ma
n
y
p
o
w
er
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
tio
n
s
ar
e
m
en
t
io
n
ed
in
liter
atu
r
e,
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
ese
f
o
r
m
s
w
e
c
h
o
o
s
e
th
i
s
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
.
(
)
(
)
(
5
)
(
6
)
T
h
e
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
ar
e:
.
T
h
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
to
r
q
u
e
(
)
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
ca
n
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
as g
i
v
en
i
n
t
h
e
E
q
u
atio
n
(
5
)
:
(
7
)
3.
3
.
P
M
SG
m
o
del
T
h
e
elec
tr
ical
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
h
e
P
MSG
in
a
(
d
,
q
)
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
r
a
m
e,
is
w
r
itte
n
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
s
:
(
8
)
(
9
)
{
(
1
0
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
RA
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4856
Mo
d
el
P
r
ed
ictive
C
o
n
tr
o
l o
f Win
d
-
P
h
o
to
v
o
lta
ic
Hyb
r
id
S
ys
tem
C
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
Gri
d
(
Ho
u
d
a
A
b
id
i1
)
219
w
h
er
e
an
d
ar
e,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
,
th
e
d
-
a
x
is
a
n
d
q
-
a
x
is
s
tato
r
v
o
ltag
e
(
V)
,
an
d
ar
e
th
e
d
-
ax
is
an
d
q
-
ax
is
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t
(
A
)
,
is
th
e
s
tato
r
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
w
i
n
d
in
g
s
(
Ω
)
,
,
ar
e
th
e
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
o
f
s
tato
r
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
(
m
H)
,
is
th
e
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
m
a
g
n
e
tic
r
o
to
r
f
lu
x
(
w
b
)
,
elec
tr
ical
p
u
ls
atio
n
(
r
ad
/s
)
an
d
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
o
le
p
air
s
o
f
th
e
P
MSG
T
h
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
o
f
ac
tiv
e
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
s
ar
e
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
:
{
(
)
(
)
(
1
1
)
T
h
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
eq
u
atio
n
is
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
(
1
2
)
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
et
ic
to
r
q
u
e
o
f
th
e
P
MSG
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
:
(
)
(
1
3
)
4.
CO
NT
RO
L
SYS
T
E
M
4
.
1
.
M
P
P
T
us
ing
m
o
del pre
dicitiv
e
co
ntr
o
l
A
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
is
ap
p
lied
t
o
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
I
PV
cu
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
o
r
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er
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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2
0
8
9
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IJ
RA
Vo
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6
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IJ
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ased
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4856
IJ
RA
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
201
7
:
2
1
6
–
22
6
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ased
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