I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
Ro
bo
t
ics a
nd
Aut
o
m
a
t
io
n
(
I
J
RA
)
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
201
6
,
p
p
.
199
~
204
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4856
199
J
o
ur
na
l
ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
jo
u
r
n
a
l.c
o
m/o
n
lin
e/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/I
J
RA
Ana
ly
sis
of M4
2
SP
-
7
P
o
n
the
Ba
linese
Papy
rus Sc
rip
t
Print
ing
Sy
ste
m
M
a
de
Su
da
r
m
a
,
Sri A
r
iy
a
ni
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Ud
a
y
a
n
a
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
n
12
,
2
0
1
6
R
ev
i
s
ed
A
u
g
18
,
2
0
1
6
A
cc
ep
ted
A
u
g
29
,
2
0
1
6
Scr
ip
t
w
r
iti
n
g
ar
t
i
n
t
h
e
li
v
es
o
f
B
alin
e
s
e
p
eo
p
le
h
as
a
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
w
r
iti
n
g
a
s
ac
r
ed
s
cr
i
p
t
s
u
c
h
as
w
r
iti
n
g
an
i
n
s
cr
ip
tio
n
o
n
co
p
p
er
p
late,
b
r
o
n
ze
,
s
ilv
er
,
an
d
g
o
ld
,
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
p
en
k
n
i
f
e
w
h
ic
h
r
eq
u
ir
ed
a
p
er
s
is
ten
ce
,
p
atien
ce
,
s
k
il
l
an
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
b
y
its
el
f
,
s
i
n
ce
n
o
t
all
B
alin
ese
p
eo
p
le
is
ab
le
to
d
o
th
is
v
er
y
co
m
p
licated
w
o
r
k
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
th
e
B
ali
n
ese
p
ap
y
r
u
s
is
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
co
n
tain
s
th
e
te
x
t
i
n
B
alin
ese
s
cr
ip
t
b
u
t
also
in
cl
u
d
es
a
d
im
en
s
io
n
a
l
d
r
a
w
in
g
w
h
ic
h
is
v
er
y
co
m
p
licated
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
ic
u
lt
y
i
n
w
r
iti
n
g
a
s
cr
ip
t
o
n
p
ap
y
r
u
s
an
d
th
e
r
ar
it
y
o
f
s
cr
ip
t
w
r
ite
r
ex
p
er
ts
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
er
g
iv
e
s
ap
p
r
ec
iatio
n
o
n
p
ap
y
r
u
s
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
an
d
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
.
I
n
t
h
e
p
r
es
en
t
t
i
m
e,
s
o
p
h
i
s
ticated
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
r
ep
lace
d
m
a
n
u
al
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
s
w
h
ic
h
r
eq
u
ir
ed
a
lo
t
o
f
m
a
n
p
o
w
er
to
b
e
o
p
er
ated
.
Ma
y
b
e
also
t
h
e
in
s
cr
ip
tio
n
w
r
iti
n
g
m
o
d
el
w
it
h
a
n
cien
t
lan
g
u
a
g
e
a
n
d
w
r
iti
n
g
h
as
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
s
o
m
an
y
ti
m
es
w
it
h
co
m
p
u
ter
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
b
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
in
t
er
as
th
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
f
o
r
p
r
in
tin
g
.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
t
h
e
B
ali
n
ese
s
cr
ip
t
p
r
in
ti
n
g
to
o
ls
is
d
esi
g
n
ed
n
a
m
e
l
y
a
p
en
k
n
i
f
e
u
s
i
n
g
r
o
b
o
tic
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
w
h
ic
h
m
i
m
ic
k
in
g
h
u
m
an
h
an
d
’
s
m
o
tio
n
w
h
en
w
r
iti
n
g
a
s
cr
ip
t
o
n
p
ap
y
r
u
s
.
T
h
o
u
g
h
t
t
h
e
s
cr
ip
t
to
o
l
p
r
in
ter
d
esig
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
r
o
b
o
tic
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
w
r
ite
a
s
cr
ip
t
o
n
p
al
m
lea
v
es
is
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
o
f
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
s
a
n
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
t
h
at
is
ab
le
to
cr
ea
te
n
e
w
t
h
i
n
k
in
g
,
n
e
w
id
ea
s
a
n
d
in
o
v
atio
n
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
r
o
d
u
cts
.
E
v
e
n
t
u
all
y
is
also
e
x
p
ec
ted
to
s
atis
f
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
as
co
n
s
u
m
er
an
d
a
n
e
w
cr
ea
tiv
e
m
ar
k
et.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
C
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
P
ap
y
r
u
s
P
r
in
tin
g
c
o
n
tr
o
l
Sc
r
ip
t p
r
in
tin
g
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
201
6
In
s
t
it
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ma
d
e
Su
d
ar
m
a
,
Dep
ar
te
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Facu
lt
y
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Ud
a
y
an
a
U
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
,
J
l.
T
u
k
ad
Yeh
Ay
a,
No
.
4
6
,
D
en
p
asar
8
0
2
2
5
,
B
ali,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
.
T
elp
.
/Fax
.
+6
2
361
-
2
3
0
0
5
0
E
m
ail:
i
m
a
s
u
d
ar
m
a
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Var
io
u
s
r
esc
u
e
an
d
p
r
eser
v
a
ti
o
n
atte
m
p
t
s
i
n
g
e
n
er
al
j
u
s
t
to
u
ch
in
g
t
h
e
p
ap
y
r
u
s
as
liter
at
u
r
e/lan
g
u
a
g
e
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
lo
ts
o
f
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
as
th
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
tr
an
s
lit
er
atio
n
o
f
p
ap
y
r
u
s
liter
at
u
r
e
co
n
ten
t
i
n
to
v
ar
io
u
s
lan
g
u
a
g
es,
b
u
t
t
h
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
wh
ich
p
ee
ls
o
u
t
o
f
p
ap
y
r
u
s
f
i
n
e
ar
ts
a
s
p
ec
t
i
s
s
t
ill
lac
k
i
n
g
.
F
in
e
ar
ts
o
r
p
ap
y
r
u
s
d
r
a
w
in
g
is
also
n
ee
d
to
b
e
p
r
e
s
er
v
ed
b
y
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ti
n
g
an
d
e
x
a
m
in
i
n
g
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
p
ap
y
r
u
s
i
s
d
estro
y
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
ag
i
n
g
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
ex
is
te
n
ce
o
f
p
ap
y
r
u
s
s
cr
ip
t
is
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
v
er
b
al
a
s
p
ec
t,
b
u
t
al
s
o
v
i
s
u
al
asp
ec
t
o
r
p
ap
y
r
u
s
f
in
e
ar
t
s
.
T
h
e
an
ce
s
t
o
r
s
o
f
B
alin
ese
p
eo
p
le
w
er
e
u
tili
zi
n
g
p
ap
y
r
u
s
s
cr
ip
t
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
a
s
r
ea
d
in
g
an
d
w
r
iti
n
g
m
ed
ia,
b
u
t
also
d
esig
n
in
g
it
as
t
h
e
esth
e
tic
an
d
f
u
n
ct
io
n
al
“
b
o
o
k
s
”.
B
o
th
th
e
ex
ter
i
o
r
an
d
th
e
in
ter
io
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4856
IJ
RA
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
201
6
:
1
9
9
–
2
0
4
200
o
f
p
ap
y
r
u
s
w
er
e
f
u
ll
o
f
t
h
e
f
in
e
ar
ts
to
u
c
h
s
tar
ti
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t
f
o
r
m
a
t,
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
f
b
in
d
i
n
g
,
m
ater
ial
ch
ar
ac
ter
,
s
cr
ip
t a
n
d
d
r
a
w
i
n
g
f
o
r
m
at.
T
o
w
r
i
te
a
s
cr
ip
t
o
n
th
e
p
ap
y
r
u
s
co
u
ld
ta
k
e
m
o
n
th
s
,
a
p
ap
y
r
u
s
s
cr
ip
t
also
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
atien
ce
,
p
er
s
is
ten
ce
,
an
d
p
r
ec
is
io
n
i
n
o
r
d
er
f
o
r
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
s
cr
ip
t
to
b
e
g
o
o
d
as
ex
p
ec
ted
[
8
]
.
E
v
er
y
s
h
ee
t
o
f
p
ap
y
r
u
s
w
a
s
g
i
v
en
a
li
n
e
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
to
o
l
ca
lled
p
an
y
ip
ata
n
.
S
m
all
r
o
p
es
w
er
e
s
p
r
ea
d
o
n
t
w
o
b
am
b
o
o
s
p
ik
e
s
.
T
h
en
u
n
d
er
n
ea
th
it
w
a
s
p
u
t
th
e
s
h
ee
t
o
f
p
ap
y
r
u
s
.
T
h
e
r
o
p
es
th
e
n
w
er
e
g
i
v
en
a
n
i
n
k
a
n
d
w
er
e
p
u
lled
.
T
h
e
s
tr
etc
h
o
f
r
o
p
es
w
h
ich
w
er
e
p
u
lled
s
p
las
h
ed
th
e
in
k
i
n
to
t
h
e
s
h
ee
t
o
f
p
ap
y
r
u
s
to
f
o
r
m
th
e
li
n
es.
B
u
t
n
o
w
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
lin
e
m
a
k
i
n
g
o
n
p
ap
y
r
u
s
s
h
ee
t
s
w
a
s
d
o
n
e
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
p
en
ci
l.
So
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
is
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
w
r
iti
n
g
o
n
p
ap
y
r
u
s
c
r
ea
tin
g
a
n
an
x
iet
y
o
f
b
r
ea
k
in
g
th
e
ch
ai
n
o
f
co
n
ti
n
u
it
y
o
f
s
cr
ip
t
w
r
iter
o
n
p
ap
y
r
u
s
.
Yo
u
n
g
g
e
n
er
atio
n
in
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
ti
m
e
r
ar
el
y
h
as
a
d
esir
e
to
lear
n
th
e
w
r
iti
n
g
o
n
p
ap
y
r
u
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
r
e
a
d
v
an
ce
d
er
a,
m
an
y
o
f
th
e
y
o
u
n
g
g
e
n
er
atio
n
h
as
an
ass
u
m
p
ti
o
n
t
h
at
lear
n
in
g
t
h
e
w
r
iti
n
g
o
n
th
e
p
ap
y
r
u
s
is
v
er
y
d
i
f
f
ic
u
lt
to
b
e
d
o
n
e
s
in
ce
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
to
m
aste
r
in
g
t
h
e
s
k
ill o
f
an
cie
n
t la
n
g
u
a
g
e
an
d
w
r
iti
n
g
.
Fro
m
th
e
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
tio
n
e
d
ab
o
v
e,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
is
tr
y
in
g
to
g
iv
e
a
n
ap
p
r
ec
iatio
n
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
ap
y
r
u
s
,
b
y
cr
ea
tin
g
a
n
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
th
e
i
n
telli
g
e
n
t
p
en
k
n
if
e
w
i
th
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
b
asi
s
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
p
ap
y
r
u
s
w
r
iti
n
g
.
I
n
tellig
e
n
t
p
en
k
n
if
e
b
ased
o
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
m
ea
n
t
h
er
e
is
cr
ea
tin
g
a
r
o
b
o
tic
ar
m
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
c
o
m
p
u
ter
s
y
s
te
m
to
w
r
ite
t
h
e
p
ap
y
r
u
s
m
i
m
ick
in
g
h
u
m
an
’
s
n
atu
r
al
in
te
llig
e
n
t
[
9
]
.
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
p
n
e
u
m
atic
is
v
er
y
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
w
o
r
k
w
i
th
v
ec
to
r
lo
g
ic.
I
n
v
ec
to
r
lo
g
ic
th
er
e
also
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
p
ap
y
r
u
s
w
r
i
tin
g
h
o
r
izo
n
ta
ll
y
a
n
d
v
er
ticall
y
an
d
also
ab
le
to
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
m
o
tio
n
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
v
ec
to
r
f
o
r
ea
ch
c
h
ar
ac
ter
[
1
]
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
in
s
cr
ip
tio
n
w
r
iti
n
g
w
i
th
a
n
cien
t
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
an
d
w
r
it
in
g
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
s
o
m
an
y
ti
m
es
w
i
th
co
m
p
u
ter
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
w
h
ic
h
is
u
s
i
n
g
p
r
i
n
ter
in
ter
f
ac
e
as
t
h
e
p
r
in
tin
g
to
o
ls
,
b
u
t a
ll o
f
i
t is s
t
ill u
s
in
g
p
ap
er
m
ed
ia.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
c
h
w
e
w
i
ll
d
esi
g
n
p
en
k
n
i
f
e
to
o
ls
w
it
h
r
o
b
o
tic
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
w
h
ich
m
i
m
ic
k
i
n
g
h
u
m
a
n
ar
m
’
s
m
o
tio
n
w
h
e
n
w
r
it
in
g
a
s
cr
ip
t
an
d
p
ap
y
r
u
s
as
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
in
tin
g
m
ed
ia,
s
o
th
at
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
w
ill
b
en
ef
it
a
n
d
ab
le
to
p
r
eser
v
e
a
n
d
estab
li
s
h
t
h
e
n
o
b
le
v
alu
e
o
f
lo
ca
l
c
u
lt
u
r
e
w
i
s
d
o
m
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
it
ca
n
o
p
en
w
o
r
k
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
f
o
r
tr
ad
itio
n
al
p
en
k
n
i
f
e
o
p
er
ato
r
s
to
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
d
er
n
p
en
k
n
i
f
e
o
p
er
ato
r
s
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
eir
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
li
v
es.
T
h
e
s
u
cc
es
s
f
ac
to
r
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
is
a
cr
ea
ti
v
it
y
r
eq
u
i
r
in
g
,
w
h
ic
h
is
o
n
e
b
u
s
i
n
ess
ca
p
ab
ilit
ie
s
[
5
]
.
I
n
d
e
v
elo
p
v
i
n
g
o
f
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
an
es
s
e
n
tial
an
d
g
r
ea
t
id
ea
in
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
a
u
n
iq
u
e
an
d
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
r
o
d
u
cts
to
b
e
c
o
m
p
ete
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
o
p
en
in
g
o
f
cr
ea
tiv
e
m
a
r
k
et
it
w
il
l
i
m
p
ac
t
p
o
s
itiv
el
y
o
n
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
m
ar
k
e
tin
g
[
1
0
]
.
E
v
en
it
ca
n
also
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
p
o
p
u
li
s
t
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
cr
ea
tiv
e
b
u
s
i
n
ess
in
B
ali.
Ot
h
er
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
i
s
e
x
p
ec
ted
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
alter
n
ati
v
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
e
li
m
ita
tio
n
o
f
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
d
ex
p
er
ts
o
f
p
ap
y
r
u
s
w
r
i
ter
s
.
I
t
i
s
i
n
f
ac
t
ca
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
t
h
e
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
o
f
lo
ca
l
w
i
s
d
o
m
.
T
h
e
s
u
cc
e
s
s
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
ca
n
also
p
r
o
v
id
e
u
n
li
m
i
ted
ad
d
ed
v
alu
e
f
o
r
B
alin
e
s
e
s
o
ciet
y
i
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
an
d
I
n
d
o
n
esian
p
eo
p
le
in
g
e
n
er
al.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
s
e
v
e
r
al
s
tep
s
,
th
o
s
e
ar
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
tu
d
y
,
d
esig
n
an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
p
ap
y
r
u
s
p
r
in
tin
g
,
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
er
,
p
r
o
g
r
am
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
d
ev
ice
s
y
s
te
m
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
m
p
u
ter
,
an
d
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
o
u
tp
u
t
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
t
h
i
s
r
esear
c
h
is
to
s
ee
t
h
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
o
f
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
t
h
en
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
th
e
d
esi
g
n
a
n
d
co
n
s
tr
u
c
t
io
n
o
f
th
at
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
,
a
f
ter
th
a
t
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
f
o
r
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
er
b
ei
n
g
b
u
ilt.
F
u
r
th
e
r
th
e
m
an
ip
u
lato
r
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l s
y
s
te
m
b
ei
n
g
b
u
ilt
is
test
ed
f
o
r
its
f
u
n
ct
io
n
a
n
d
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
b
y
w
a
y
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
tr
e
s
s
p
r
ec
is
io
n
ar
i
s
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
tio
n
o
f
s
te
p
p
er
m
o
to
r
o
n
th
e
m
an
ip
u
lato
r
o
f
p
r
in
ti
n
g
d
e
v
i
ce
.
P
en
k
n
i
f
e
u
s
in
g
r
o
b
o
tic
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
w
il
l
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
co
m
p
eti
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cts
,
t
h
u
s
th
e
co
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
in
n
o
v
atio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
allo
w
s
o
p
en
in
g
a
n
e
w
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
v
en
tu
r
e
f
o
r
th
e
u
s
er
s
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
ec
o
n
o
m
y
o
f
B
ali
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
.
2
.
1
.
T
he
Co
ns
t
ruct
io
n o
f
Ste
pp
er
M
o
t
o
r
Co
nt
ro
l Sy
s
t
em
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
cr
iter
ia
w
h
ic
h
n
ee
d
ed
an
atten
tio
n
f
r
o
m
s
te
p
p
er
m
o
to
r
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
,
a
m
o
n
g
o
t
h
er
s
:
to
r
q
u
e,
p
o
w
er
,
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
,
an
d
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
m
o
to
r
r
esp
o
n
s
e
[
7
]
.
T
h
o
s
e
th
in
g
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
t
ed
s
in
ce
it
is
b
ei
n
g
u
s
ed
at
th
e
ti
m
e
o
f
co
n
d
u
cti
n
g
th
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
an
d
an
al
y
s
i
s
.
Step
p
er
m
o
to
r
is
a
DC
m
o
t
o
r
w
h
ic
h
is
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
o
n
r
o
b
o
tic
s
y
s
te
m
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
in
p
o
s
itio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
le
v
el
an
d
ca
n
r
o
tate
to
w
ar
d
s
in
te
n
d
ed
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
n
l
y
b
y
g
i
v
i
n
g
a
n
e
lectr
ic
p
u
ls
e
w
it
h
ce
r
tai
n
p
atter
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
o
tatio
n
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
w
h
en
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
g
ea
r
s
p
u
lled
b
y
s
tato
r
p
o
les
w
h
ich
is
m
ag
n
etize
d
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
an
d
w
a
y
o
f
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
o
f
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
.
I
f
th
e
p
u
ls
e
is
g
iv
e
n
f
r
o
m
f
ir
s
t
p
h
ase
to
f
o
u
r
th
p
h
ase
th
e
n
s
t
ep
p
er
m
o
to
r
is
r
o
tatin
g
clo
ck
w
i
s
e
an
d
i
f
g
iv
e
n
th
e
r
ev
er
s
e
p
u
l
s
e
t
h
e
n
th
e
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
w
ill
r
o
tate
co
u
n
ter
clo
ck
w
i
s
e
[
4
]
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
it
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
er
s
eq
u
e
n
c
es
w
h
ic
h
is
g
e
n
er
all
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
in
ter
f
ac
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
w
it
h
p
ar
allel
p
o
r
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
RA
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4856
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f M4
2
S
P
-
7
P
o
n
t
h
e
B
a
lin
ese
P
a
p
yru
s
S
crip
t P
r
in
tin
g
S
ystem
(
Ma
d
e
S
u
d
a
r
ma
)
201
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
r
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
I
n
th
is
r
esear
c
h
,
t
h
e
s
c
h
e
m
e
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
cir
c
u
it
o
f
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
s
e
v
er
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
o
f
b
a
s
ic
elec
tr
o
n
i
c,
th
at
i
s
r
esi
s
to
r
,
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
,
an
d
d
io
d
e.
I
t
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
b
e
k
n
o
w
n
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
ea
c
h
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
Sev
er
al
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
cir
cu
i
ts
r
eq
u
ir
ed
a
m
o
n
g
o
th
er
s
:
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
p
u
ls
e
g
en
er
ato
r
cir
c
u
it,
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
cir
c
u
it,
a
n
d
s
te
p
p
er
m
o
to
r
ad
d
r
ess
c
ir
cu
it
w
h
ich
w
i
ll
b
e
d
r
i
v
en
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
d
e
v
ice
o
f
r
o
b
o
tic
ar
m
d
r
iv
er
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
w
ith
co
n
s
ta
n
t
DC
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
2
4
Vo
lt
(
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
i
n
ter
)
an
d
2
5
-
p
i
n
p
ar
allel
p
o
r
t
co
n
n
ec
to
r
s
(
DB
-
2
5
)
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
c
tio
n
o
f
p
ar
allel
p
o
r
t
is
as
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
co
n
tr
o
ll
er
.
E
lectr
ic
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
f
o
r
p
ar
allel
p
o
r
t,
n
a
m
el
y
L
o
g
ical
“
1
”
(
h
i
g
h
)
is
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
+2
.
4
u
p
to
+5
V
an
d
L
o
g
ical
“
0
”
is
v
o
lta
g
e
0
u
p
t
o
+0
.
8
V.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Step
p
er
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
er
cir
cu
it
2
.
2
.
Co
ntr
o
l Sy
s
t
e
m
P
ro
g
ra
mm
i
ng
T
h
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
o
f
r
o
b
o
tic
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
g
e
n
er
al
i
s
elec
tr
o
n
ic
cir
cu
it
b
ased
o
n
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
w
h
ic
h
h
as
a
f
u
n
ct
io
n
a
s
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
i
n
e
s
tab
lis
h
i
n
g
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
w
h
ic
h
in
t
h
is
ac
ti
v
it
y
it
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
d
ir
ec
tly
b
y
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
ter
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
b
ein
g
co
n
s
tr
u
c
ted
,
th
at
i
s
b
y
s
tar
tin
g
an
d
f
in
is
h
in
g
t
h
e
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
m
an
ip
u
lato
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
ten
d
ed
s
tag
e
w
it
h
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
o
in
t,
s
to
r
i
n
g
p
o
s
itio
n
d
ata
a
n
d
al
s
o
s
ta
g
e
d
ata
i
n
t
h
e
d
atab
ase,
an
d
a
ll
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
o
b
o
t
to
b
e
ab
le
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
ter
f
ac
in
g
w
it
h
ce
r
tai
n
d
ev
ices
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
d
ev
e
lo
p
ed
in
o
n
e
co
m
p
u
ter
u
n
it.
I
n
p
u
t
d
ata
w
h
ic
h
is
b
ei
n
g
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
is
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
its
f
u
n
ct
io
n
.
T
h
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
ta
s
k
ch
an
g
i
n
g
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
lan
g
u
ag
e
lo
g
ic,
n
ex
t
th
e
d
ata
i
s
s
e
n
t b
y
co
m
p
u
ter
to
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
er
cir
cu
it
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
ar
allel
p
o
r
t
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
Nex
t
a
f
ter
th
e
d
ata
is
r
ec
ei
v
ed
b
y
d
r
i
v
er
cir
cu
it,
t
h
en
t
h
e
d
ata
w
ill b
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
i
g
n
a
l (
elec
tr
ic
cu
r
r
en
t)
i
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
o
p
e
r
ate
th
e
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
[
7
]
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
S
IS
T
h
e
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
co
n
d
u
cted
to
f
i
n
d
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
to
o
l
le
v
el
p
r
ec
i
s
io
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
s
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
o
n
t
h
e
to
o
ls
.
Af
ter
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
t
h
e
te
s
t
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
o
n
t
h
e
d
ev
ice
f
o
r
its
ab
il
it
y
to
li
f
t
u
p
,
s
h
i
f
t,
an
d
th
e
p
ap
y
r
u
s
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
in
th
e
m
in
i
m
a
l
s
ca
le
is
o
b
tain
ed
to
b
ec
o
m
e
t
h
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
r
ef
er
en
c
e
o
f
th
e
w
h
o
le
ab
ilit
y
d
ev
ice.
F
ig
u
r
e
3
i
s
p
r
ese
n
ted
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
p
ap
y
r
u
s
p
r
in
ti
n
g
d
ev
ice
w
it
h
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l s
y
s
te
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4856
IJ
RA
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
201
6
:
1
9
9
–
2
0
4
202
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Desig
n
o
f
p
ap
y
r
u
s
p
r
in
ter
w
it
h
M4
2
SP
-
7P
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
te
m
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
o
u
tco
m
e
r
e
s
u
lt
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
M4
2
SP
-
7
P
test
in
g
w
h
ic
h
i
s
b
ei
n
g
u
s
ed
in
d
es
ig
n
i
n
g
an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
o
f
B
ali
n
ese
p
ap
y
r
u
s
s
cr
ip
t p
r
in
ti
n
g
d
ev
ice
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
a
.
P
o
w
er
s
up
ply
v
o
lt
a
g
e
T
h
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
lta
g
e
is
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
at
th
e
p
o
in
t o
f
:
No
n
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
2
0
.
9
7
V
Fu
ll lo
ad
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
1
9
.
9
5
V.
Fro
m
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
d
ev
iatio
n
i
s
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
:
{
}
{
}
Vo
ltag
e
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
at
4
.
8
6
%
is
s
till
b
elo
w
th
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
allo
w
ed
,
s
o
th
at
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
cir
c
u
it c
an
w
o
r
k
w
el
l.
b.
P
a
ra
llel
-
po
rt
co
mm
un
ica
t
io
n v
o
lt
a
g
e
T
h
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
lta
g
e
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
at
th
e
p
o
in
t o
f
:
L
o
g
ica
l v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
“
0
”
(
lo
w
)
=
0
.
2
V
L
o
g
ica
l v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
“
1
”
(
h
ig
h
)
=
4
.
4
8
V
Fro
m
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
p
ar
allel
p
o
r
t
v
o
ltag
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
is
o
b
tain
ed
th
at
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
lo
g
ica
l
0
an
d
lo
g
ical
1
is
in
n
o
r
m
al
li
m
it,
t
h
at
is
lo
g
ical
0
is
in
t
h
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
0
u
p
to
0
.
8
V
an
d
lo
g
ical
1
is
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
2
.
4
u
p
to
5
V.
So
th
at
it c
an
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
a
t p
ar
allel
p
o
r
t c
an
w
o
r
k
w
el
l.
c.
D
riv
er
circ
uit
v
o
lt
a
g
e
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
d
itio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
test
r
esu
l
t is as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
C
lo
s
ed
s
w
itc
h
(
s
at
u
r
atio
n
)
is
0
V
Op
en
s
w
itc
h
(
cu
t
-
o
f
f
)
is
2
0
.
8
V
I
n
p
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
s
w
itch
(
Vi
n
)
is
2
1
.
3
4
V
Dr
iv
er
v
o
lta
g
e
d
ev
iatio
n
:
{
}
{
}
T
h
e
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
d
r
iv
er
v
o
lta
g
e
at
2
.
5
8
%
is
less
v
al
u
e
th
a
n
5
%,
s
o
th
at
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
t
h
e
cir
c
u
it
ca
n
w
o
r
k
w
el
l.
d.
T
he
re
s
ult
o
f
lo
a
din
g
a
bil
it
y
T
h
e
p
r
in
ter
test
in
g
r
esu
l
ts
o
f
l
o
ad
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
s
h
o
w
n
as
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
tab
le
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
RA
I
SS
N:
2089
-
4856
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f M4
2
S
P
-
7
P
o
n
t
h
e
B
a
lin
ese
P
a
p
yru
s
S
crip
t P
r
in
tin
g
S
ystem
(
Ma
d
e
S
u
d
a
r
ma
)
203
T
esting
F
ield
T
esting
Res
ult
Step
p
er
Mo
to
r
T
o
r
q
u
e
5
1
.
9
N.
m
m
T
o
r
q
u
e
af
ter
r
ed
u
ctio
n
7
0
.
9
N.
m
m
L
o
ad
L
i
f
t E
s
t
i
m
at
io
n
(
E
A
B
)
0
.
2
5
kg
L
o
ad
L
i
f
t
A
b
ilit
y
(
K
A
B
)
0
.
1
9
k
g
T
h
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
lo
ad
in
g
d
ev
iat
io
n
is
:
[
]
[
]
T
h
e
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
2
4
%
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
t
h
er
e
is
a
lo
s
s
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
in
p
r
in
tin
g
d
ev
ice
m
a
n
ip
u
lato
r
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
in
p
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
n
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
er
cir
cu
it is
n
o
t su
p
p
lied
o
p
tim
all
y
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
M4
2
SP
-
7
P
o
f
p
ap
y
r
u
s
p
r
in
t
in
g
w
h
ic
h
i
s
u
s
i
n
g
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
n
t
h
e
d
ev
iatio
n
c
u
m
u
lati
v
el
y
,
it
m
e
an
s
t
h
at
th
er
e
i
s
n
o
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
n
t
h
e
r
es
u
lted
er
r
o
r
s
.
I
t
is
al
s
o
a
f
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
o
f
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
er
cir
cu
it
w
h
ich
is
co
m
m
u
n
icate
d
w
i
th
th
e
co
m
p
u
te
r
th
at
h
as
li
m
itatio
n
o
f
p
ar
allel
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
lo
ts
.
T
h
e
d
ev
iat
io
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
ly
v
o
lta
g
e
at
4
.
8
6
%
h
as
a
m
ea
n
in
g
t
h
at
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
cir
cu
it
f
o
r
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
ca
n
w
o
r
k
w
el
l.
Si
m
i
lar
l
y
th
er
e
is
a
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
d
r
iv
er
v
o
ltag
e
at
2
.
5
8
%
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
i
s
le
s
s
th
a
n
5
%,
ca
n
h
a
v
e
a
m
ea
n
i
n
g
t
h
at
th
e
cir
cu
it
also
ca
n
w
o
r
k
w
e
ll.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
an
al
y
s
is
r
es
u
lt
o
f
lo
ad
ab
ilit
y
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
p
r
i
n
t
i
n
g
f
ield
is
2
4
%,
it
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
t
h
er
e
is
a
lo
s
s
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
o
n
p
ap
y
r
u
s
p
r
in
ti
n
g
d
ev
ice
m
a
n
i
p
u
lato
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
,
s
o
th
at
th
e
p
o
w
er
o
f
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
is
n
o
t
o
p
tim
al.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
it is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
d
o
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t o
n
t
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
s
tep
p
er
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
er
cir
cu
it.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
ap
p
r
ec
iatio
n
is
a
w
ar
d
ed
to
th
e
Dep
ar
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
E
lectr
ica
l
an
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Fcu
lt
y
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
Ud
a
y
a
n
a
U
n
iv
e
r
s
it
y
w
h
ic
h
h
as
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
i
n
le
n
d
in
g
t
h
e
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
ts
a
n
d
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
tatio
n
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
in
t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
B
r
ad
ley
J
.
T
.
,
et.
al.
,
2
0
0
8
,
E
x
tr
ac
ti
n
g
Scie
n
ti
f
ic
R
es
u
lts
f
r
o
m
R
o
b
o
tic
A
r
m
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
Op
er
atio
n
s
:
A
T
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
E
s
ti
m
ati
n
g
th
e
Den
s
i
t
y
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
R
o
ck
s
o
n
Ma
r
s
,
Th
e
I
n
tern
a
tio
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ma
r
s
S
cien
ce
a
n
d
E
x
p
lo
r
a
tio
n
,
Ma
r
s
4
,
#
2
7
-
32
.
[2
]
Her
m
an
,
V.
J
.
,
d
k
k
.
,
1
9
9
3
.
Petu
n
j
u
k
T
ek
n
is
P
er
a
w
ata
n
Na
s
k
a
h
L
o
n
tar
.
P
e
m
b
in
aa
n
p
er
m
u
s
e
u
m
an
N
u
s
a
T
en
g
g
ar
a
B
ar
at.
[3
]
Ma
y
o
o
w
ar
i,
R
.
T
.
,
2
0
0
4
,
P
er
a
n
ca
n
g
a
n
Sis
te
m
P
en
g
atu
r
Ka
m
er
a
Den
g
an
Mo
to
r
Step
p
er
Yan
g
B
er
b
asis
Ko
m
p
u
ter
.
Un
iv
er
s
itas
Sri
w
ij
a
y
a.
#
1
-
8
[4
]
P
ito
w
o
r
n
o
E
n
d
r
a.
,
2
0
0
6
,
R
o
b
o
tika
:
Desa
in
,
K
o
n
tr
o
l,
d
a
n
K
ec
erd
a
s
a
n
B
u
a
ta
n
.
Yo
g
y
ak
ar
ta:
A
NDI
OFFS
E
T
(
P
en
er
b
it A
NDI
)
.
[5
]
R
as
h
id
if
ar
,
M
A
.
,
et.
al.
,
2
0
1
3
,
Mo
d
elin
g
an
d
C
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
5
DOF
R
o
b
o
t
A
r
m
Usi
n
g
Fu
zz
y
L
o
g
ic
Su
p
er
v
i
s
o
r
y
C
o
n
tr
o
l,
I
n
tern
a
tio
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
R
o
b
o
tics
a
n
d
A
u
to
ma
tio
n
(
I
JR
A
)
Vo
l.
2
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
5
6
~6
8
,
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
9
-
4
8
5
6
[6
]
R
ec
h
a
y
I
.
et
al.
,
2
0
1
2
,
T
h
e
R
o
le
o
f
Kn
o
w
led
g
e
S
h
ar
in
g
i
n
R
aisi
n
g
t
h
e
T
ask
I
n
n
o
v
a
tiv
e
n
es
s
o
f
S
y
s
te
m
An
al
y
s
t,
I
n
tern
a
tio
n
a
l J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f Kn
o
w
led
g
e
Ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t
.
,
Vo
l.8
,
No
.
2
.
#
1
-
2
2
.
[7
]
Sap
u
tr
a,
H.
M.
,
2
0
1
0
,
R
an
ca
n
g
B
an
g
u
n
S
is
te
m
Ke
n
d
ali
Mo
to
r
Step
p
er
P
r
in
ter
C
an
o
n
B
J
C
-
S2
0
0
SP
x
u
n
t
u
k
P
r
o
to
tip
e
L
en
g
a
n
R
o
b
o
t
5
-
DOF
(
Ma
j
ab
o
t)
,
I
NKOM
Vo
l.
I
V
No
.
1
Me
i 2
0
1
0
[8
]
Su
d
ar
m
a,
Ma
d
e,
2
0
1
4
,
T
r
an
s
k
r
ip
s
i
w
a
w
a
n
ca
r
a
d
en
g
an
p
en
u
l
is
lo
n
tar
:
I
W
a
y
an
Mu
d
itad
an
a
(
Des
a
T
en
g
an
a
n
,
Feb
r
u
ar
i
2
0
1
4
)
,
d
an
I
W
a
y
an
T
u
s
a
n
(
B
r
.
T
in
g
g
a
h
,
D
u
s
u
n
P
an
d
e
Sar
i,
B
eb
an
d
e
m
,
Ma
r
et
2
0
1
4
)
,
u
n
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
9
-
4856
IJ
RA
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
201
6
:
1
9
9
–
2
0
4
204
[9
]
Su
d
ar
m
a,
Ma
d
e.
,
2
0
1
1
,
Kec
e
r
d
asan
B
u
ata
n
(
A
r
tifi
cia
l
I
n
tt
elig
en
t)
,
Ud
a
y
an
a
Un
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
P
r
ess
,
I
SB
N:
978
-
979
-
8
2
8
6
-
71
-
6
[1
0
]
T
ee
ce
an
d
P
is
an
o
,
2
0
0
1
,
Dev
elo
p
in
g
I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
C
ap
ab
i
lit
y
in
Or
g
an
izat
io
n
:
D
y
n
a
m
ic
C
ap
ab
ilit
y
A
p
p
r
o
ac
h
.
,
B
en
n
L
o
w
s
o
n
Da
n
n
y
Sa
m
s
o
n
BI
O
G
R
AP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Dr.
I
r.
M
a
de
Su
da
r
m
a
,
M
.
A.
Sc.
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
Fac
u
lt
y
,
Ud
a
y
a
n
a
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
B
u
k
it J
i
m
b
ar
a
n
,
B
ali,
I
n
d
o
n
esi
a
T
el.
/Fax
: +
6
2
3
6
1
7
0
3
3
1
5
e
-
m
ail:
i
m
a
s
u
d
ar
m
a
@
g
m
a
il.c
o
m
Dr.
I
r.
Ni
Wa
y
a
n Sri
Ariy
a
ni,
M
M
.
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
Fac
u
lt
y
,
Ud
a
y
a
n
a
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
B
u
k
it J
i
m
b
ar
a
n
,
B
ali,
I
n
d
o
n
esi
a
T
el.
/Fax
: +
6
2
3
6
1
7
0
3
3
1
5
e
-
m
ail:
s
r
iar
i
y
an
i@
u
n
u
d
.
ac
.
id
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.