I
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l J
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Appl
ied P
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E
ng
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I
J
AP
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)
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
2
,
p
p
.
25
~
32
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijap
e
.
v
11
.
i
1
.
pp
25
-
32
25
J
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:
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ttp
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Ana
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p down
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nv
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slidi
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reachi
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law
Sid
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Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
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y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Dec
1
7
,
2
0
2
1
R
ev
is
ed
Dec
2
8
,
2
0
2
1
Acc
ep
ted
J
an
6
,
2
0
2
1
Th
e
re
a
c
h
in
g
law
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
is
b
ro
a
d
ly
u
se
d
fo
r
c
h
a
tt
e
rin
g
r
e
p
re
ss
io
n
,
m
in
imiz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
ste
a
d
y
sta
te
e
rr
o
r
a
n
d
re
a
c
h
in
g
p
a
c
e
k
e
p
t
m
in
i
m
se
d
.
Th
e
re
a
so
n
s
o
f
c
h
a
tt
e
rin
g
,
i
n
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
ro
p
o
se
s
sli
d
in
g
m
o
d
e
re
a
c
h
in
g
law
.
I
n
o
n
e
h
a
n
d
,
t
h
e
y
a
ss
u
ra
n
c
e
th
e
sc
h
e
m
e
a
rr
iv
e
s
a
t
th
e
slid
in
g
fa
c
e
sw
ift
ly
a
n
d
sta
y
o
n
it
,
i
n
a
n
o
th
e
r
wa
y
th
e
y
d
e
terio
ra
te
th
e
c
h
a
tt
e
rin
g
in
e
fficie
n
tl
y
,
e
v
e
n
m
a
tch
les
s
c
e
rtain
ti
e
s
a
n
d
d
ist
u
r
b
a
n
c
e
s.
Th
is
p
ro
p
o
se
d
re
a
c
h
in
g
law
g
iv
e
s
u
n
i
q
u
e
n
e
ss
o
f
th
e
re
sp
o
n
se
.
Th
e
re
a
c
h
in
g
law
is
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
w
it
h
G
a
o
’s
re
a
c
h
in
g
law
.
S
li
d
in
g
m
o
d
e
re
a
c
h
in
g
law
s
g
i
v
e
s
th
e
e
ffica
c
y
i
n
re
d
u
c
in
g
th
e
c
h
a
tt
e
rin
g
o
f
th
e
v
a
riab
le
stru
c
t
u
re
c
o
n
tro
l
(VSC).
Th
is
re
a
c
h
in
g
law
a
lso
re
d
u
c
e
s th
e
lo
ss
e
s in
t
h
e
sw
it
c
h
in
g
d
i
p
lo
m
a
c
y
.
I
n
tu
r
n
s e
fficie
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y
o
f
th
e
ste
p
-
d
o
wn
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v
e
rter
in
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re
a
se
s.
S
imu
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lt
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g
iv
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sig
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ifi
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a
n
t
d
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re
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tt
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a
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d
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x
trem
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ly
fe
we
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e
p
ti
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in
su
p
p
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y
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n
d
lo
a
d
v
a
riati
o
n
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
h
atter
in
g
R
ea
ch
in
g
law
Sli
d
in
g
m
o
d
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Sid
d
esh
Ko
n
d
ap
u
r
B
asav
ar
aja
n
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
o
n
ics an
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
SJ
M
I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Vis
v
esv
ar
ay
a
T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ical
Un
iv
er
s
ity
J
n
an
a
San
g
am
a,
VT
U
Ma
in
R
d
,
Ma
ch
h
e,
B
elag
av
i,
Kar
n
ata
k
a
5
9
0
0
1
8
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail: k
o
n
d
a
p
u
r
.
b
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Sli
d
in
g
m
o
d
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l (
SMC
)
is
a
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
d
esig
n
p
r
a
ctice
wh
ich
is
v
ig
o
r
o
u
s
b
esid
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
an
d
is
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
i
n
th
e
f
iel
d
o
f
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
c
o
n
tr
o
l.
Facts
o
f
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
in
[
1
]
–
[
4
]
.
I
n
th
e
SMC
a
r
ea
ch
in
g
law
tak
es
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
tates
in
th
e
s
lid
in
g
f
ac
e
at
f
ix
e
d
ti
m
e
s
p
ac
e.
Fo
r
m
er
ly
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
r
ea
ch
es
th
e
s
lid
in
g
s
tr
ip
e
th
e
s
witch
co
n
tr
o
l
ca
u
s
e
ch
atter
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
ch
atter
in
g
r
eg
u
lar
ity
is
u
n
lim
ited
an
d
its
am
p
litu
d
e
to
war
d
s
n
il th
o
u
g
h
,
in
p
r
ag
m
atic
s
y
s
tem
o
wed
to
th
e
d
y
n
am
ics o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ical
s
et,
th
e
c
h
atter
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
is
r
estricte
d
an
d
also
h
as
s
o
m
e
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
[
4
]
.
Sev
e
r
al
m
eth
o
d
s
co
n
tain
b
ee
n
p
r
o
jecte
d
in
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
s
f
o
r
e
x
ten
u
at
in
g
th
e
ch
atter
in
g
c
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
.
Y
o
u
n
g
in
[
5
]
,
v
ar
iab
le
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
co
n
tr
o
l
(
VSC
)
b
esid
e
with
n
o
n
s
lid
in
g
s
ch
em
e
wer
e
wo
r
n
f
o
r
elim
in
ate
th
e
lo
f
ty
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
b
y
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
e
lim
in
atio
n
o
f
ch
atter
in
g
.
Mo
u
r
a
an
d
Olg
ac
in
[
6
]
,
wea
k
en
s
th
e
ch
atter
in
g
b
y
SMC
,
C
am
ac
h
o
et
a
l
.
in
[
7
]
,
p
o
wer
p
ac
e
r
ea
ch
in
g
law
was
im
p
lem
en
ted
f
o
r
th
e
allev
i
atio
n
o
f
ch
atter
in
g
.
Hig
h
er
o
r
d
e
r
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
wak
en
ed
th
e
ch
atter
in
g
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
Flat
s
lid
in
g
f
o
r
m
[
1
0
]
–
[
1
2
]
s
u
p
p
r
esed
th
e
ch
atter
in
g
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
SMC
is
in
co
m
p
lete
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
ch
atter
in
g
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
,
wh
ich
b
e
ab
le
t
o
s
tim
u
late
lo
f
ty
r
eg
u
lar
it
y
d
y
n
am
ics,
it
also
d
estro
y
s
th
e
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
[
1
3
]
.
An
ad
d
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
o
f
r
estrictiv
e
ch
atter
in
g
is
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
S
MC,
wh
ich
ca
n
elim
in
ate
th
e
alter
n
atin
g
te
r
m
in
co
n
tr
o
l e
f
f
o
r
t
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
t
h
e
r
ea
c
h
in
g
law
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
ich
is
s
h
ab
b
y
to
ch
atter
in
g
[
1
5
]
–
[
1
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
2
:
25
-
32
26
2.
SL
I
DING
M
O
DE
CO
N
T
RO
L
L
E
D
S
T
E
P
-
DO
W
N
CO
NV
E
RT
E
R
T
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
tep
-
d
o
wn
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
,
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
h
as
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
i
n
d
u
cto
r
a
n
d
r
e
s
is
to
r
,
an
d
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
is
u
s
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
as
r
eq
u
ir
ed
an
d
t
h
e
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
co
n
s
tan
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
.
T
h
is
s
tep
-
d
o
wn
co
n
v
er
ter
v
er
y
l
ar
g
ely
u
s
e
d
in
elec
tr
o
n
ic
g
ad
g
ets,
s
atellite
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
telec
o
m
m
u
ca
tio
n
,
m
ed
icale
q
u
ip
m
en
ts
lap
to
p
s
,
co
m
p
u
te
r
s
,
an
d
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
es.
On
e
o
f
th
e
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
o
f
th
e
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
is
th
at
s
w
itch
in
g
lo
s
s
es
in
th
e
b
u
ck
co
n
v
er
ter
a
n
d
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
th
is
d
r
awb
ac
k
u
s
in
g
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
r
an
d
s
u
itab
le
co
n
tr
o
l te
ch
n
i
q
u
e.
Vr
ef
is
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
wh
er
e
R
1
an
d
R
2
ar
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
iv
id
er
s
.
1
=
−
2
=
−
(
1
)
3
=
∫
1
[
1
6
]
T
h
e
d
er
iv
e
d
o
f
th
e
s
tates
:
̇
1
=
−
=
−
=
[
−
]
̇
2
=
[
1
−
∫
+
]
(
2
)
̇
2
=
[
1
−
+
]
̇
3
=
1
T
h
e
s
lid
in
g
f
ac
e
is
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
9
]
:
=
1
1
+
2
2
+
3
3
(
3
)
T
h
e
d
er
iv
e
d
o
f
th
e
s
lid
in
g
f
ac
e
is
,
̇
=
1
̇
1
+
2
̇
2
+
3
̇
3
=
0
(
4
)
wh
er
e
α1
,
α
2
&
α
3
ar
e
c
o
e
f
f
ic
ien
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
SMC
s
tep
-
d
o
wn
c
o
n
v
er
ter
3.
CH
AT
T
E
R
I
NG
T
h
is
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
is
a
d
is
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
as,
ev
en
if
it
is
clea
n
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
m
eth
o
d
,
it
m
ay
s
tim
u
late
u
n
m
o
d
eled
h
ig
h
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
m
o
d
es,
wh
ich
d
eg
r
a
d
e
th
e
r
ec
ital
o
f
th
e
s
ch
em
e
a
n
d
m
ig
h
t
y
et
d
ir
ec
t
t
o
u
n
s
tead
in
ess
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
ch
atte
r
in
g
is
tear
n
ess
an
d
wea
r
n
ess
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
it
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
ef
f
ieicien
cy
o
f
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f c
h
a
tter
in
g
in
s
tep
d
o
w
n
co
n
ve
r
ter via
s
lid
in
g
mo
d
e
r
ea
ch
in
g
…
(
S
id
d
esh
K
o
n
d
a
p
u
r
B
a
s
a
va
r
a
ja
n
)
27
b
u
ck
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
an
d
also
m
ak
e
s
m
o
r
e
n
o
is
es
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
c
h
atter
in
g
in
th
e
s
t
ep
-
d
o
wn
co
n
v
er
ter
is
th
eta
m
o
r
e
d
ev
iated
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ch
atter
in
g
in
SMC
.
C
h
atter
in
g
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
a
is
u
n
wan
ted
p
o
s
s
ess
io
n
s
o
f
v
ar
ia
b
le
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
m
ain
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
o
f
ch
atter
in
g
a
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
o
n
ar
e
t
h
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
s
ig
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
co
n
tr
o
l
in
p
u
ts
.
T
h
e
ch
atter
in
g
h
as
m
o
r
e
o
s
cillatio
n
at
th
e
o
r
ig
in
,
t
h
is
ca
u
s
esa
a
m
o
r
e
h
ae
t
lo
s
s
es
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
s
lid
in
g
lin
e
s
h
o
u
ld
en
d
with
th
e
o
r
ig
in
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
c
h
atter
in
g
is
th
e
m
ain
d
r
awb
ac
k
o
f
th
e
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
s
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
tr
ajec
to
r
y
is
th
e
p
at
h
in
wh
ic
h
s
lid
in
g
lin
e
p
ass
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
i
t.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
SMC
ch
atter
in
g
First,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
to
co
n
tr
o
llab
le
ca
n
o
n
ic
f
o
r
m
.
̇
1
=
2
̇
−
1
=
(
5
)
̇
=
∑
=
−
+
=
1
T
h
en
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
d
ef
in
e
d
is
b
ein
g
as:
(
)
=
1
1
+
2
2
+
⋯
(
6
)
T
h
e
s
lid
in
g
s
u
r
f
ac
es,
1
1
+
2
2
+
⋯
=
0
4.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
RE
ACH
I
NG
L
AW
A
r
ea
ch
in
g
law
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
wh
ich
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
ch
atter
in
g
h
as
a
q
u
ick
p
ac
e
eith
er
awa
y
f
r
o
m
o
r
m
o
v
e
to
war
d
to
th
e
s
lid
in
g
f
ac
e.
I
t
is
in
d
icate
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
ch
o
last
ic
an
aly
s
is
.
its
d
er
iv
ativ
e
ca
n
m
ee
t
to
a
n
eig
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
o
f
th
e
s
tar
tin
g
p
o
in
t
s
p
ee
d
ily
.
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
ea
ch
in
g
law
is
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
h
i
g
h
-
s
p
ee
d
r
ea
ch
in
g
tim
e
at
th
e
o
r
ig
i
n
.
T
h
e
s
lid
in
g
lin
e
will
r
ea
ch
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
v
er
y
f
ast
an
d
it
o
b
ey
s
t
h
e
s
lid
n
g
r
u
le
at
th
e
o
r
ig
in
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t o
f
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
la
w
is
th
at
f
ast s
p
ee
d
an
d
lin
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
k
ep
t in
s
lid
in
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
.
̇
=
-
m
1
∗
|
|
0
.
9
s
gn
(
)
-
m
2
|
|
0
.
5
(
)
(
7
)
m1
>
0
,
2
>
0
,
C
ase
1
:
-
m
1
∗
|
|
0
.
9
s
gn
(
)
(
8
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
2
0
2
2
:
25
-
32
28
B
y
s
o
lv
in
g
th
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
e
q
u
at
io
n
s
.
T
im
e
to
s
ettle
at
s
witch
in
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
:
1
-
0.9
=
-
(
1
-
0.9
)
1
t
+S
(
0
)
1
-
0.9
1
=
1
−
(
0
)
−
1
/
1
(
0
.
9
−
1
)
M
1
is
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
c
h
o
s
en
wh
ich
is
s
u
p
er
io
r
th
a
n
1
a
n
d
th
e
p
o
wer
o
f
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
is
1
.
C
ase
2
:
-
m
2
|
|
0
.
5
(
)
(
9
)
B
y
s
o
lv
in
g
th
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
e
q
u
at
io
n
to
wea
k
e
n
th
e
ch
atter
i
n
g
a
t sli
d
in
g
f
ac
e
:
(
1
-
0.5
)
=
-
(
1
-
0.5
)
2
t+1
2
=
1
/
2
(
1
−
0
.
5
)
T
o
tal
tim
e
to
r
ea
ch
t
h
e
s
lid
in
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
:
=
(
1
−
(
0
)
−
1
/
(
1
(
0
.
9
−
1
)
+
1
/
2
(
1
−
0
.
5
)
)
(
10
)
̇
=
-
m1*
|
|
0
.
9
s
gn
(
)
-
m2
|
|
0
.
5
(
)
=
̇
=
1
̇
1
+
2
̇
2
+
3
̇
3
=
0
(
11
)
-
m1*
|
|
0
.
9
s
gn
(
)
-
m2
|
|
0
.
5
(
)
=
̇
=
1
̇
1
+
2
̇
2
+
3
̇
3
(
12
)
-
m
1
*
|
|
0
.
9
s
gn
(
)
-
m2
|
|
0
.
5
(
)
=
1
(
−
)
+
2
2
−
2
+
2
0
+
3
(
−
)
(
13
)
=
2
[
-
m1*
|
|
0
.
9
s
gn
(
)
-
m2
|
|
0
.
5
(
)
−
1
+
2
2
+
2
+
3
(
−
)
]
(
14
)
Ueq
=d
;
[
1
9
]
=
2
[
-
m1*
|
|
0
.
9
s
gn
(
)
-
m2
|
|
0
.
5
(
)
−
1
+
2
2
+
2
+
3
(
−
)
]
(
15
)
1
)
T
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ics o
f
th
e
s
witch
in
g
r
o
le.
S
=
-
Q
s
gn
(
s
)
-
Kf
(
s
)
(
16
)
T
h
r
ee
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
laws a
r
e,
T
h
e
r
ea
ch
in
g
law
̇
=
−
(
)
(
17
)
2
)
T
h
e
c
o
n
s
tan
t p
lu
s
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
r
ate
r
ea
ch
in
g
law
̇
=
−
(
)
−
(
18
)
3
)
T
h
e
p
o
wer
p
ac
e
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
la
w
̇
=
-
k
|
|
s
gn
(
si
)
)
o
<
α
<
1
i
=
1
to
n
[
2
]
(
19
)
R
ea
ch
in
g
law
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
g
i
v
es th
e
ac
tiv
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
at
th
e
r
ea
ch
in
g
p
h
ase
[
1
9
]
.
4
)
C
o
n
v
en
ti
o
n
al
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
law
T
h
e
r
ea
ch
in
g
law
is
:
̇
=
−
(
)
−
(
)
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
2
]
(
20
)
W
h
er
e
Є
>0,
f
(
S
)
>0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f c
h
a
tter
in
g
in
s
tep
d
o
w
n
co
n
ve
r
ter via
s
lid
in
g
mo
d
e
r
ea
ch
in
g
…
(
S
id
d
esh
K
o
n
d
a
p
u
r
B
a
s
a
va
r
a
ja
n
)
29
5.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
at
ch
atter
i
n
g
o
f
r
o
b
u
s
t
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
law
i
n
th
e
p
h
ase
p
la
n
e
tr
ajec
to
r
y
,
it
c
o
v
er
s
en
tire
s
lid
in
g
m
o
d
e
p
o
r
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
ch
atter
in
g
o
f
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
r
ea
ch
in
g
law,
h
er
e
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
h
ig
h
ch
atter
in
g
o
cc
u
r
s
at
th
e
o
r
i
g
in
.
An
d
it
ca
u
s
es
a
h
ig
h
q
u
a
n
tity
o
f
s
witch
in
g
lo
s
s
es.
Fig
u
r
e
5
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
lo
ad
r
esis
tan
ce
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
b
y
5
Oh
m
an
d
s
ettlin
g
tim
e
0
.
4
5
m
s
ec
s
.
It
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
r
ec
o
v
e
r
y
tim
e
to
s
tead
y
s
tate
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
r
ea
ch
in
g
law
is
v
er
y
f
ast.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
h
atter
in
g
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
ea
ch
in
g
law
in
s
lid
in
g
lin
e
p
ath
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
h
atter
in
g
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
ea
ch
in
g
law
at
o
r
ig
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
L
o
ad
r
esis
tan
ce
d
ec
r
ea
s
es b
y
5
o
h
m
in
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
e
ac
h
in
g
law
Fig
u
r
e
6
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
lin
e
v
ar
iatio
n
b
y
1
2
V
f
r
o
m
2
4
V
in
p
u
t,
we
ca
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
at
,
th
er
e
is
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
b
y
1
1
.
8
V.
I
t
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
m
all
v
ar
iatio
n
in
th
e
ch
an
g
e
in
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
h
ase
p
lan
e
p
ath
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
r
ea
ch
in
g
law,
ch
atter
in
g
ex
is
ts
f
r
o
m
p
h
ase
p
lan
e
to
o
r
ig
in
o
f
th
e
s
lid
in
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
es o
f
c
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
r
ea
ch
in
g
law
an
d
s
ettlin
g
tim
e
o
f
th
is
r
ea
ch
in
g
law
tak
es
0
.
0
0
8
5
.
W
h
en
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
t
o
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
ea
ch
in
g
law
it
tak
es
m
o
r
e
tim
e.
Fig
u
r
e
9
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
law
with
less
s
tead
y
s
tate
er
r
o
r
a
n
d
s
tead
y
s
tate
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
ch
atter
in
g
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
ea
ch
in
g
law;
th
e
ch
atter
in
g
is
v
er
y
s
m
all
at
th
e
o
r
ig
in
b
y
th
is
ef
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I
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RAP
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S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
S
id
d
e
sh
K
o
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d
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p
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sa
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n
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ro
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p
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rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
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e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Vis
v
e
sv
a
ra
y
a
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ica
l
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
(VTU)
,
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
En
g
in
e
e
r
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
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lec
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
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e
e
rin
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fro
m
Ku
v
e
m
p
u
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
i
n
1
9
9
8
,
a
n
d
.
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re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
M
a
ste
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
(Eelc
tri
c
a
l
E
n
e
rg
y
sy
ste
m
)
VT
U,
M
CE
Ha
ss
a
n
i
n
2
0
0
2
.
Co
m
p
l
e
ted
h
is
P
h
.
D
.
i
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
&
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
t
h
e
VTU,
In
d
i
a
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
t
e
re
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
slid
n
g
m
o
d
e
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
rs,
p
o
we
r
e
lctro
n
ics
,
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
,
a
n
d
b
a
tt
e
ries
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
sid
d
e
sh
7
6
@s
jmit.
a
c
.
in
.
S
h
iv
a
r
u
d
r
a
sw
a
m
y
Rud
r
a
p
p
a
is
P
ro
fe
ss
o
r
a
t
th
e
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
M
IT,
M
a
n
ip
a
l
,
Ka
rn
a
tak
a
,
I
n
d
ia,
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
E
n
g
in
e
e
r
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
Ba
n
g
a
lo
re
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
i
n
1
9
9
2
,
a
n
d
h
e
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
t
h
e
M
a
ste
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
(El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
e
rg
y
sy
ste
m
)
VTU,
M
CE
Ha
ss
a
n
i
n
2
0
0
2
.
C
o
m
p
lete
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
&
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
th
e
NIT,
S
u
ra
th
k
a
l
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
sli
d
n
g
m
o
d
e
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
rs,
p
o
we
r
e
lctro
n
ics
,
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
,
a
n
d
b
a
tt
e
ries
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
rsh
iv
a
ru
d
ra
sw
a
m
y
@m
a
n
ip
a
l.
e
d
u
.
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